650 Idioms and Proverbial Phrases in Modern Standard Arabic For Intermediate to Advanced Students by Lamia Jamal-Aldin, Abdullah Hammadi (z-lib.org)
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650 Idioms and Proverbial Phrases in Modern Standard Arabic 650 Idioms and Proverbial Phrases in Modern Standard Arabic is the ideal tool for learners of Arabic who wish to improve their knowledge and comprehension of Arabic language and culture and make their language more expressive and idiomatic. Including over 650 idiomatic expressions found in contemporary Arabic, this book is divided into two parts. Part I lists the idioms alphabetically for ease of use, providing English equivalents and a range of illustrative example sentences to show how the idioms are used in different contexts. The idioms are chosen based on frequency of use in written Arabic as well as oral speech, in Arabic literature and mass media. Part II includes 30 practice exercises structured around original texts which include the idioms covered in Part I. These practice exercises encourage students to review the meanings of idioms while improving their reading skills and familiarity with various text genres. Designed to be comprehensive, accurate, and easy to use, the book reflects the daily use of Arabic and draws on real and authentic use of the language. Suitable for use as a textbook or reader, this is an ideal resource for students at CEFR level B1 to C2 or Intermediate-High to Advanced-High on the ACTFL proficiency scale. Lamia Jamal-Aldin is an Arabic language and literature academic with years of teaching experience at different universities in the UK and abroad. Lamia has a deep knowledge of the niceties of Arabic grammar and morphology in its classical, standard, and colloquial forms. Her passion for Semitic languages and her experience in pedagogy have driven her to develop unique and innovative methods in teaching Arabic as a second language. Abdullah Hammadi is a freelance writer, translator, and analyst. His areas of interest include Arabic language and the socio-political trends in the Middle East. He formerly worked as a survey manager on an MIT project in the Middle East. Abdullah has a deep and wide understanding of classical, standard, and colloquial forms of Arabic, and of the nuances of the language. Short stories, poetry, essays, political analysis, translations, and Arabic teaching materials are part of his writing portfolio. 650 Idioms and Proverbial Phrases in Modern Standard Arabic اﻟﺘﻌﺎﺑﯿﺮ اﻟﻠﻐﻮﯾﺔ واﻷﻣﺜﺎل ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺜﺔ For Intermediate to Advanced Students Lamia Jamal-Aldin Abdullah Hammadi First published 2022 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2022 Lamia Jamal-Aldin and Abdullah Hammadi The right of Lamia Jamal-Aldin and Abdullah Hammadi to be identified as authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record has been requested for this book ISBN: 978-0-367-56159-8 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-367-56152-9 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-003-09666-5 (ebk) DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665 Typeset in Optima by Apex CoVantage, LLC اﺧﺘﻠﻔﺖ اﻷﻟﺴﻦ. ﺗﺒﻘﻰ اﻟﺤﻜﻤﺔُ اﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﯿّﺔُ واﺣﺪةً ﻣﮭﻤﺎ ِ Contents Preface x xii ﻧﺒﺬة ﻋﻦ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب PART I THE IDIOMS AND PROVERBIAL PHRASES 1 3 )ﺣﺮف اﻷﻟﻒ( alif 1 38 )ﺣﺮف اﻟﺒﺎء( baa 2 50 )ﺣﺮف اﻟﺘﺎء( taa 3 60 )ﺣﺮف اﻟﺜﺎء( ṯaa 4 اﻟﺠﯿﻢ( jeem 5 66 )ﺣﺮف اﻟﺤﺎء( ḥaa 6 71 )ﺣﺮف اﻟﺨﺎء( ḫaa 7 76 )ﺣﺮف اﻟﺪال( daal 8 81 )ﺣﺮف اﻟﺬال( ḏaal 9 84 )ﺣﺮف اﻟﺮاء( raa 10 92 )ﺣﺮف اﻟﺰاي( zaay 11 95 اﻟﺴﯿﻦ( seen 12 )ﺣﺮف 62 )ﺣﺮف vii Contents 102 )ﺣﺮف اﻟﺸﯿﻦ( šeen 13 109 )ﺣﺮف اﻟﺼﺎد( ṣaad 14 113 )ﺣﺮف اﻟﻀﺎد( ḍaad 15 118 )ﺣﺮف اﻟﻄﺎء( ṭaa 16 122 )ﺣﺮف اﻟﻈﺎء( ẓaa 17 123 )ﺣﺮف اﻟﻌﯿﻦ( ʿayn 18 147 )ﺣﺮف اﻟﻐﯿﻦ( ġain 19 اﻟﻔﺎء( faa 20 160 )ﺣﺮف اﻟﻘﺎف( qaaf 21 170 )ﺣﺮف اﻟﻜﺎف( kaaf 22 175 )ﺣﺮف اﻟﻼم( laam 23 194 )ﺣﺮف اﻟﻤﯿﻢ( meem 24 208 )ﺣﺮف اﻟﻨﻮن( noon 25 اﻟﮭﺎء( haa 26 اﻟﻮاو( waaw 27 اﻟﯿﺎء( yaa 28 228 )اﻷﻣﺜﺎل( Proverbial phrases 29 249 PART II THE PRACTICE EXERCISES 251 اﻟﻌﺠﯿﺐ( Practice exercise 1 )ﺣﺮف 150 )ﺣﺮف 216 )ﺣﺮف 219 )ﺣﺮف 226 )اﻟﻜﺘﺎب 255 اﻟﮭﻮس( Practice exercise 2 ) َ 260 اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ( Practice exercise 3 264 269 273 278 )اﻟﻤﻘﺎھﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻮاﺻﻢ )ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺪﯾﻦ ﺗﺪان( Practice exercise 4 )اﻟﺘﺤﺪﯾﺎت اﻟﺒﯿﺌﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ )ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﯾﻐﻠﺐ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ( Practice exercise 5 ﻋﻠﻰ أﻣﺮه( Practice exercise 6 )اﻟﻠﺒﺎن اﻟﻌﻤﺎﻧﻲ( Practice exercise 7 viii Contents Practice exercise 8 (واﻟﺨﺒﺎز )اﻟﻮﻋﺪ Practice exercise 9 (ﻋﻘﺮ داره Practice exercise 10 (ﺗﺘﻐﯿﺮ )ﻧﺎدي اﻟﻮاﺣﺔ ﯾﻌﻮد اﻟﻘﮭﻘﺮى ﻓﻲ )اﻷﺧﺒﺎر ﻻ Practice exercise 11 (اﻟﻘﯿﺎدﯾﺔ Practice exercise 12 (اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ )اﻟﻤﺮأة اﻟﺨﻠﯿﺠﯿﺔ واﻟﻤﻨﺎﺻﺐ )ﻓﻲ ﺑﯿﺖ 281 285 289 293 297 Practice exercise 13 (اﻷول )اﻟﻠﻘﺎء 301 Practice exercise 14 (اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ )وﻛﺎن اﻟﻠﻘﺎء 306 Practice exercise 15 (وﺗﻘﺪﯾﺮ )رﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺷﻜﺮ 312 Practice exercise 16 (ﻣﻨﺎص )وﻻت ﺣﯿﻦ 316 Practice exercise 17 (ﻋﺠﻮزﯾﻦ )ﺣﺪﯾﺚ ﺑﯿﻦ 320 Practice exercise 18 (أﯾﻦ؟ )اﻟﺤﺮب اﻷھﻠﯿﺔ إﻟﻰ 324 Practice exercise 19 (ﺑﺪﯾﻦ )ﻣﺤﻨﺔ ﺷﺎب 329 Practice exercise 20 (رﺳﻤﻲ )ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺮ 334 Practice exercise 21 (دواﻟﯿﻚ )وھﻜﺬا 337 Practice exercise 22 (ﺳﺎﺑﻖ )ﺗﺄﺑﯿﻦ زﻋﯿﻢ Practice exercise 23 (ﺑﺨﻮاﺗﯿﻤﮭﺎ )اﻷﻣﻮر 342 346 Practice exercise 24 ()اﻟﺼﺤﺮاء 350 Practice exercise 25 (ﺗﻘﻊ 354 )اﻟﻄﯿﻮر ﻋﻠﻰ أﺷﻜﺎﻟﮭﺎ Practice exercise 26 (ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻲ )ﺑﯿﺎن Practice exercise 27 (اﻟﻤﺴﻘﻮﻓﯿﺔ Practice exercise 28 (واﺳﺘﻨﻜﺎر Practice exercise 29 (اﻟﺘﻤﯿﯿﺰ )اﻟﻤﻘﺎﻣﺔ )ﺷﺠﺐ )ﻗﺮار ﻣﺤﻜﻤﺔ Practice exercise 30 (اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ )ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ ﻣﻄﺮب ﻓﻲ زﻣﻦ 358 362 366 370 374 ix Preface Idioms and proverbs are used in everyday life in the Arab World, ranging from spoken colloquial to standard Arabic. 650 Idioms and Proverbial Phrases in MSA is a textbook and reader that focuses on standard Arabic idioms and proverbs. The aim of this textbook is to develop the knowledge and understanding of idioms in Arabic. Furthermore, it aims to enhance the learner’s skills in Modern Standard Arabic through its integrative approach that brings all skills together. This book is suitable for students of Arabic who need to improve their understanding of Arabic idioms and proverbs and to gain fluency in the language. The book is also an indispensable source for students, scholars, translators, and all professionals who deal with Arabic. 650 Idioms and Proverbial Phrases in MSA explains and exercises the idioms in a way that reflects not only the idioms’ meanings but also incorporates real life examples that bring together language, context, and culture. The book has two parts: Part I includes 29 chapters, and covers over 650 common Arabic idioms and proverbs, which are alphabetically ordered. They are diacritically marked to show their correct pronunciations, according to the most reliable Arabic literature sources. The meanings of each idiom/proverb are given in English, then model sentences are presented, together with their English translations. These examples show the idiom’s typical contextual use, and elucidate the grammatical peculiarities, the morphological modifications, and the cultural aspects of the idiom. The model examples are also diacritically marked where needed to display grammatical and syntactic features, to demonstrate accurate pronunciation of the words, and to make it easier for the learner to fully comprehend the modifications that occur to the Arabic grammatical modes. x Preface Significant efforts have been made to find the most accurate meaning for each idiom/proverb in Arabic and English. We went through many sources in both languages, comparing and analysing texts and materials to determine how the idioms/proverbs are used and in which context. We have noticed that inaccurate translations of some Arabic idioms are widely used today. One example is “false friends,” expressions that have similar forms in both languages with totally different meanings. The Arabic idiom ( )اﻟﺤﻖ ﯾﻘﺎلfor instance is commonly and wrongly translated as “truth be told.” While it is used in English to admit or tell the truth about something negative, it is used in Arabic to express a positive opinion in defense of someone’s action. It is never used in Arabic to express negative thoughts. Part II includes 30 practice exercises; each has a text that uses idioms from Part I. We have written the texts specifically for this book, and they are diverse in their themes, styles, and genres. All the texts are fictional, and they come in the form of short stories, reports, political analysis, articles, football match report, a letter of thanks, a formal speech, official statements, a Maqamah (Arabic rhymed prose), a eulogy, and a court ruling. The idioms and proverbs are presented for study and practice in natural contexts within language usage that is informative, enjoyable, and simulates reality. Furthermore, the practice exercises concentrate on familiarising the student with the meanings of the idioms and proverbs and how they are used in different contexts and writing styles. Part II also can be used independently as a reader to enhance the student’s skills in reading and analysing different texts and genres in Arabic. This textbook/reader is indispensable for anyone who wants to develop and enrich their Arabic language and make it more expressive. xi ﻧﺒﺬة ﻋﻦ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﯾﻜﺘﺴﺐ ھﺬا اﻟﻜﺘﺎب أھﻤﯿﺘﮫ ﻟﯿﺲ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ أﻧﮫ ﻛﺘﺎب ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻤﻲ ﻟﺘﺪرﯾﺲ اﻟﺘﻌﺎﺑﯿﺮ اﻟﻠﻐﻮﯾﺔ واﻷﻣﺜﺎل اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺜﺔ ﻟﻐﯿﺮ اﻟﻨﺎطﻘﯿﻦ ﺑﮭﺎ ،ﺑﻞ ﯾﺘﺨﻄﻰ ذﻟﻚ ﻟﯿﻜﻮن ﻛﺘﺎﺑًﺎ ﻻ ﻏﻨﻰ ﻋﻨﮫ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺜﯿﻦ واﻟﻤﺘﺮﺟﻤﯿﻦ واﻟﻄﻼب ﻓﻲ ﺣﻘﻞ اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ وإﻟﯿﮭﺎ ،ﻧﺎھﯿﻚ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﯾﺘﻌﺎﻣﻠﻮن ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔً وﺣﺪﯾﺜًﺎ وﻗﺮاءةً ،وﯾﺤﺮﺻﻮن ﻋﻠﻰ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻟﺪﯾﮭﻢ ﻟﻐﺔ ﻋﺮﺑﯿﺔ ﺳﻠﯿﻤﺔ. واﺿﺤﺎ ﻓﻲ أي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻤﻲ ﯾﻌﻨﻰ ﺑﺘﺪرﯾﺲ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ .إذ إن دراﺳﺔ ﻧﻘﺼﺎ ً ﯾﺴﺪ ھﺬا اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ً ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ أﯾﺔ ﻟﻐﺔ وﻓﮭﻤﮭﺎ ﻻ ﯾﻜﺘﻤﻼن دون ﻓﮭﻢ اﻟﺘﻌﺎﺑﯿﺮ اﻟﻠﻐﻮﯾﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﮭﺎ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ، ً أن اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ ّ ﺗﻌﺞ ﺑﮭﺎ ،وﻻ ﯾﻜﺎد ﯾﺨﻠﻮ ﻧﺺ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺼﻮﺻﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺘﻌﺎﺑﯿﺮ .وﻗﺪ ﺳﻌﯿﻨﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺷﺎﺋﻌﺎ ﻓﻲ ھﺬا اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﺗﻌﺒﯿﺮا ﻟﻐﻮﯾًّﺎ وﺳﻌﻨﺎ اﻟﺴﻌﻲ إﻟﻰ ﺟﻤﻊ وﻋﺮض أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺘﻤﺎﺋﺔ وﺧﻤﺴﯿﻦ ً ً اﻟﺬي ﻗﺴﻤﻨﺎه إﻟﻰ ﻗﺴﻤﯿﻦ: اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻷول ﯾﺤﻮي اﻟﺘﻌﺎﺑﯿﺮ اﻟﻠﻐﻮﯾﺔ واﻷﻣﺜﺎل اﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ اﺧﺘﯿﺎرھﺎ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ ،وﺗﻢ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺒﮭﺎ ﺑﺤﺴﺐ اﻟﺤﺮوف اﻟﮭﺠﺎﺋﯿﺔ .وﻗﺪ وﺿﻌﻨﺎ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺗﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻟﻐﻮي ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺎت ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻹﻧﻜﻠﯿﺰﯾﺔ ً ّ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﯾﻦ اﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﻓﻲ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺎت اﻹﻧﻜﻠﯿﺰﯾﺔ واﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎ ﺷﯿﻮﻋﺎ ﺗﻔﺴﺮ ﻣﻌﺎﻧﯿﮫ اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ً ھﻲ اﻷﻗﺮب واﻷدق ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ اﻟﻠﻐﻮي اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ،ﺣﺘﻰ وإن ﺗﺒﺎﻋﺪت اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺘﺎن أﺣﯿﺎﻧًﺎ وﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻌﺐ إﯾﺠﺎد اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ ھﺬا اﻟﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ اﻟﻠﻐﻮي أو ذاك ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻷﺧﺮى .ﻛﻤﺎ ﺣﺮﺻﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﺿﯿﺢ ﻛﻞ ﺗﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻟﻐﻮي أو َﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل وﺿﻌﮫ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻞ ﺗﻤﺖ ﺻﯿﺎﻏﺘﮭﺎ ﺑﻌﻨﺎﯾﺔ ،آﺧﺬﯾﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺴﯿﺎﻗﺎت اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﯿﮭﺎ ،واﻟﻤﺘﻐﯿﺮات اﻟﻨﺤﻮﯾﺔ واﻟﺼﺮﻓﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻄﺮأ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ .وﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ وﺿﻊ ﻋﻼﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﺸﻜﯿﻞ ﻹظﮭﺎر اﻟﻨﻄﻖ اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺢ وﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﮭﻢ اﻟﺘﻐﯿّﺮات اﻹﻋﺮاﺑﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻄﺮأ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻌﺎﺑﯿﺮ اﻟﻠﻐﻮﯾﺔ أﺛﻨﺎء اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ .وﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﺮض ھﺬه اﻟﺠﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ ،ﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﺑﺘﺮﺟﻤﺘﮭﺎ إﻟﻰ اﻹﻧﻜﻠﯿﺰﯾﺔ ﻛﻲ ﯾﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﻣﻦ ﺗﻜﻮﯾﻦ ﺻﻮرة أوﺿﺢ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ اﻟﻠﻐﻮي واﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎﺗﮫ. xii ﻧﺒﺬة ﻋﻦ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﻟﻘﺪ ﺑﺬﻟﻨﺎ ً ﺟﮭﺪا ﻓﻲ ﺗﻨﻘﯿﺢ وﺗﺼﺤﯿﺢ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺎت اﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺗﻌﻄﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﺤﻘﯿﻘﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ اﻟﻠﻐﻮي ،وﺳﻌﯿﻨﺎ إﻟﻰ إﯾﺠﺎد ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺎت أدق وأﻗﺮب ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﺤﻘﯿﻘﻲ .وﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻷﺧﻄﺎء اﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻘﻞ اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ وإﻟﯿﮭﺎ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺘﻌﺎﺑﯿﺮ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت ﱡ ٌ اﻟﺤﻖ ﯾُﻘﺎل ( اﻟﺬي ﻣﺜﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟﻚ ﺗﻌﺒﯿﺮ ) ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻐﺘﯿﻦ ّإﻻ أن اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﮭﺎ ﯾﻜﻮن ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺎ ً ﻛﻠﯿًّﺎ. ﯾُﺘﺮﺟﻢ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺧﺎطﺊ إﻟﻰ اﻹﻧﻜﻠﯿﺰﯾﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ اﻹﻧﻜﻠﯿﺰي ) .( Truth be toldﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ اﻹﻧﻜﻠﯿﺰي ﻟﻘﻮل اﻟﺤﻘﯿﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻏﺎﻟﺒًﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن ﺳﻠﺒﯿﺔ ،ﻓﻲ ﺣﯿﻦ ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ اﻟﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻹﻧﺼﺎف ﺑﺤﻖ ﺷﺨﺺ أو ﺷﻲء ﻣﺎ وﻻ ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺳﻠﺒﯿًﺎ ً أﺑﺪا ،وﻟﺬا ﻓﮭﻮ أﻗﺮب ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ اﻹﻧﻜﻠﯿﺰي ).(In fairness ﻟﻘﺪ اﺳﺘﻐﺮق اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﮭﺪ واﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ أن ﯾﺨﺮج ﻋﻠﻰ أﻛﻤﻞ وﺟﮫ .وﻗﺪ اﺳﺘﻌﻨﺎ ﺑﺄﻣﮭﺎت اﻟﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﺘﺮاﺛﯿﺔ واﻟﻠﻐﻮﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻼ اﻟﻠﻐﺘﯿﻦ وﺑﻌﺪد ﻛﺒﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ واﻹﻧﻜﻠﯿﺰﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ،اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺚ ﻣﻨﮭﺎ واﻟﻘﺪﯾﻢ ،ﻛﻲ ﻧﺼﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻨﻰ اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻗﺮﺑًﺎ وﺻﺪﻗًﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ اﻟﻠﻐﻮي وﺗﺮﺟﻤﺘﮫ. ﻧﺺ ﻣﻨﮭﺎ ﻗﺼﯿﺮا ﻛﺘﺒﻨﺎھﺎ ﻧﺼﺎ ﺧﺼﯿﺼﺎ ﻟﮭﺬا اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ،ﯾﺤﻮي ﻛﻞ ﱟ ً ً ﯾﻀﻢ اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﺛﻼﺛﯿﻦ ً ً ﻋﺪدا ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻌﺎﺑﯿﺮ اﻟﻠﻐﻮﯾﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ وردت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب .وﺗﺘﻨﻮع ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت اﻟﻨﺼﻮص وأﻏﺮاﺿﮭﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻘﺼﺔ اﻟﻘﺼﯿﺮة ،واﻟﺘﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻹﺧﺒﺎري ،واﻟﺒﯿﺎن اﻟﺮﺳﻤﻲ ،واﻟﺨﺒﺮ ،واﻟﻤﻘﺎل اﻟﺴﺎﺧﺮ واﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﺮﺳﻤﯿﺔ واﻟﺪﺑﻠﻮﻣﺎﺳﯿﺔ واﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﯿﺔ واﻹﻋﻼﻣﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ أرﺟﺎء اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ .وﺳﻌﯿﻨﺎ إﻟﻰ ﺗﻐﻄﯿﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﻟﯿﺐ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ ،ﻓﺸﻤﻠﺖ اﻷﺳﻠﻮب اﻟﺴﺮدي ﻟﻠﻘﺼﺔ اﻟﻘﺼﯿﺮة، واﻷﺳﻠﻮب اﻟﺨﻄﺎﺑﻲ ،وﺣﺘﻰ أﺳﻠﻮب اﻟﻤﻘﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﻌﺮﯾﻒ اﻟﻘﺎرئ ﺑﺎﻟﺬوق اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ .ﻟﻘﺪ ﺣﺮﺻﻨﺎ أن ﻧﺼﻮغ اﻟﻨﺼﻮص ﺑﻌﻨﺎﯾﺔ ﻓﺎﺋﻘﺔ ﻟﻜﻲ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻔﯿﺪة ﺑﻘﺪر ﻣﺎ ھﻲ ﻣﻤﺘﻌﺔ وﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ، ﻛﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ أﻗﺼﻰ ﻓﺎﺋﺪة ﻣﻤﻜﻨﺔ ،وﻗﺪ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ ﺗﻤﺎرﯾﻦ ﻣﺮاﻓﻘﺔ ﻟﮭﺬه اﻟﻨﺼﻮص ﺣﻮل اﻟﺘﻌﺎﺑﯿﺮ اﻟﻠﻐﻮﯾﺔ اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﯿﮭﺎ ،وﻗﺪ راﻋﯿﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻤﺎرﯾﻦ أن ﺗﻌﻜﺲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ اﻟﺮﺻﯿﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺳﯿﺎﻗﺎﺗﮭﺎ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ،وﻛﺬﻟﻚ أﺧﺬﻧﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﺗﻄﻮﯾﺮ اﻟﻘﺪرات واﻟﻤﮭﺎرات اﻟﻠﻐﻮﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪدة ﻛﺎﻟﻘﺮاءة واﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ واﻟﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ اﻟﺸﻔﮭﻲ واﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ. إن ھﺬا اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﯾﻘﻮم ﺑﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﻓﺮﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﻋﮫ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻟﺠﻮاﻧﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ ،ﺣﯿﺚ ﺗﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ دراﺳﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﺎﺑﯿﺮ اﻟﻠﻐﻮﯾﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺼﺮف واﻟﻨﺤﻮ وأﺳﺎﻟﯿﺐ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ واﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ .ﻟﻘﺪ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ ھﺬا اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﻟﯿﻐﻄﻲ ﻓﮭﻢ اﻟﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ اﻟﻠﻐﻮي واﻟﻤﺜﻞ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺜﺔ ،وﻟﻜﻨﮫ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻛﺘﺎب ﻣﺘﻌﺪد اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎت ﯾﻐﻄﻲ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ واﺳﻌﺔ وﻣﮭﻤﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﯾﺮﯾﺪ ﺗﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ وإﺗﻘﺎﻧﮭﺎ. xiii PART I The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases اﻟﺘﻌﺎﺑﯿﺮ اﻟﻠﻐﻮﯾﺔ واﻷﻣﺜﺎل أ ﺣﺮف اﻷﻟﻒ اﻟﺤ ﱡ ﻆ َ َُﺴَﻢ ﻟَﮫ َ ْاﺑﺘ Fortune smiles on someone. ُ اﺑﺘﺴﻢ/ .ﺑﻔﻀﻞ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻓﯿﺪﯾﻮ ﻧﺸﺮﺗﮫُ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ طﺒﺨﮭﺎ اﺑﺘﺴﻢ ﻟﮭﺎ اﻟﺤﻆّ ﺑﻌﺪ أن اﺷﺘﮭﺮ ﻟﻘﺪ ِ َ ّ ﻛﺎن اﻟﺤﻆ/ .ﺐ اﻟﻤﺮﻣﻮﻗﺔ ّ ّدراﺳﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻠﯿّﺔ اﻟﻄ ﯾﺒﺘﺴﻢ ﻟﮭﺎ ﻣﻨﺤﺔ ﺣﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ أن َ ّﻟﮫ اﻟﺤﻆ ٍ ٍ َ ُ .ﻷﻧّﮭﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﻄﯿﻔﺔً ﻣﻊ اﻟﻨّﺎس Good fortune smiled on her when her cooking became famous, thanks to a video she posted online./Good fortune smiled on him after he was granted a scholarship to the prestigious School of Medicine./Good fortune was smiling upon her because she was nice to people. اﻟﺪْھِﺮ أَﺑَُﺪ ﱠ Eternally; forever; for all eternity. ّ “ أﺑﻮ اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ.اﻟﺤﻔﺮ ّ أﺑﺪ ْ ﯾﻌ ﺳﯿﺒﻘﻰ اﻟﻘﻤﺮ/ .اﻟﺸﺎﺑﻲ ﺻﻌﻮد ّﺐ ُ ھﺮ ﺑﯿﻦ ُ ”وﻣﻦ ﯾَﺘﮭﯿ َ ﺶ َ ِ … اﻟﺠﺒﺎل ِ ِ اﻟﺪ ً ّ أﺑﺪ ّ أﺑﺪ ّ ُ ﺳﺘ/ .ﻟﺤﺒّﻨﺎ ھﺮ .اﻟﺪھﺮ ﺑﺎﺗﺠﺎه ازدھﺎرھﺎ ﻮﺟﮫ ُ رﻣﺰا ُ َ َ َروﺣﮭﺎ اﻷﻣﺔ ِ اﻟﺪ “He who does not dare to climb the mountains should live forever among the hollows.” Abu Al-Qassim Al-Shabbi./The moon will be an eternal symbol of love between me and you./Her spirit will eternally guide the nation towards its progress. َ َأَ ْﺑﺪى ُوْﺟَﮭﺔَ ﻧ ﻈﺮ To express or show a point of view, perspective, or opinion. DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-2 3 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases إﺑﺪاء ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺣﺮﯾﺼﺔً ﻋﻠﻰ/ .إﺑﺪاء وﺟﮭﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﮭﻢ أﺛﻨﺎء ﻏﯿﺎﺑﮫ ﺳﻌﻰ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻣﻲ إﻟﻰ ِ ِ ﺳﯿﺎدة ﺣﻜﻢ ﻧﻈﺮ ُﺒﺪ اﻟﻤﺴﺆول وﺟﮭﺔ ٍ ِ ِ ﻟﻢ ﯾ/ .وﺟﮭﺔ ﻧﻈﺮھﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨّﻘﺎﺷﺎت اﻟﺒﺮﻟﻤﺎﻧﯿّﺔ ِ إﯾﺠﺎﺑﯿﺔ ﺣﻮل ٍ .اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻠﺪ The attorney sought to show the defendant’s point of view in his absence./She was eager to express her opinion in the parliamentary discussions./The offcial did not express a positive perspective regarding the rule of law in the country. ﻮر َ ّﺼَﺮ اﻟﻨ َ أَ ْﺑ To see the light of day; to be born; to be launched; to start to exist. ْ ّ ُ أﺑﺼﺮت اﺗﻔﺎﻗﯿﺔ/ .أﺑﺼﺮت ھﺬه اﻟﺮواﯾﺔ اﻟﻨﻮر اﻟﻨﻮر اﻟﺴﻼم وﻟﻮﻻ دﻋﻢ زوﺟﺘﻲ وﺻﺒﺮھﺎ ﻟﻤﺎ َ إﻋﺎدة أﻏﻠﺐ ﻣﺸﺎرﯾﻊ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺳﻮء اﻟﺘّﺨﻄﯿﻂ ﻟﻢ ﺗُﺒﺼﺮ/ .أﻋﻮام ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺤﻀﯿﺮات أﺧﯿﺮا ﺑﻌﺪ ُ ً ِ ٍ .اﻟﻨﻮر ﻗﻂ اﻹﻋﻤﺎر َ This novel would never have seen the light of day without the support and patience of my wife./After years of preparations, the peace agreement fnally saw the light of day./Due to poor planning, many reconstruction projects never saw the light of day. ﺴﻨًﺎ َ ﻼء َﺣ ً َأَ ْﺑﻠﻰ ﺑ To perform well in something challenging; to stand the test. / . ﺣﯿﺚ ﻓﺎز ﺑﺄﻏﻠﺒﯿﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﻋﺪ اﻟﺒﺮﻟﻤﺎن،اﻻﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎت اﻷﺧﯿﺮة ﺑﻼء ﺣﺴﻨًﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺰب أﺑﻠﻰ ُ ً اﻟﺤﺎﻛﻢ ِ ُ ّ ﻣﻮاﺟﮭﺔ ُ اﻟﻘﻄﺎع اﻟﺨﺎص ُﺒﻞ اﻟﺸﺘﺎء ﺑﻼء ﺣﺴﻨًﺎ ﻓﻲ ً ﻟﻘﺪ أﺑﻠﺖ اﻟﺒﻌﺜﺔُ اﻻﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎﻓﯿّﺔ ّ ِ ِ ﻟﻢ ﯾ/ .اﻟﻘﻄﺒﻲ .ﺑﻼء ﺣﺴﻨًﺎ ھﺬا اﻟﻌﺎم ً The ruling party has performed well in the last elections, winning the majority of the seats in the parliament./This Expeditionary mission stood the test against the harsh arctic winters./The private sector has not done well this year. ُﺻْﺪُره َ ﺴَﻊ َ ّاﺗ To show breadth of mind; to be forbearing, understanding, patient, and open-minded; to be clement or lenient; to be tolerant or forgiving. َاﻟﻤﺪﯾﺮ ﺳﻌﺔ ُ ّﺻﺪر ﺟﺪﯾﺮةً ﺑﺎﻟﺜﻨﺎء ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ واﺟﮭﮫُ اﻟﻤﻮظ ﻟﻘﺪ اﺗّﺴﻊ/ .ﺑﻮاﺑﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻹھﺎﻧﺎت ﻒ أظﮭﺮ ُ ٍ ٍ ُ ّ ﺳﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﯿﻄﺔ / .واﻟﺼﺮﯾﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﺻﺪر اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ُ ٍ 4 ﺣﺮف اﻷﻟﻒ ّ ﺑﻘﺎﻋﺔ ّ ﺑﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﺼﺪر ﻓﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻧﺄﻣﻞ أن ﯾﺘﺤﻠّﻰ اﻟﺠﯿﺮان ﻟﻜﻨّﻨﺎ،ًاﻟﺰﻓﺎف ﻣﺰدﺣﻤﺔ ُ ِ ِ ّ .اﻟﺴﻌﯿﺪة The manager showed a commendable breadth of mind when the employee confronted him with a barrage of insults./The king tolerated many direct and explicit questions in the interview./The area around the wedding hall will be congested, but we hope that the neighbours will have patience on such a happy occasion. َﻔﯿﻈﺔ َ ﺛﺎر َﺣ َ َأ To provoke the anger of someone; to irritate someone. ﱢ ّ َرﻓﻊ أﺳﻌﺎر اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﯿّﺔ ﺣﻔﯿﻈﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪث ﺗﺼﺮﯾﺢ وﻗﺪ أﺛﺎر/ .ﻜﺎن وﺳﺨﻄﮭﻢ وأﺛﺎر ُ ُ ِ اﻟﺴ ًﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻼﻣﺔً ﺗﺠﺎرﯾﺔ َﺳﻤﻲ ﺣﻔﯿﻈﺔ ُ ُاﻟﺴﻮﯾﺪﯾّﺔ ﺗ ّ اﻟﻤﻤﺜﻠﺔ/ .اﻟﻤﻌﺎرﺿﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ اﻋﺘﺒﺮﺗﮫُ إﺳﺎءةً ﻟﮭﺎ ّ ّ اﻟﺮ ِ .ﻟﻤﻼﺑﺲ داﺧﻠﯿﺔ ﺗُﺜﯿﺮ ﺣﻔﯿﻈﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﯿﻦ The rise in food prices has angered the population./The spokesperson’s statement angered the opposition, which it considered an insult./Swedish actress launches lingerie brand irritating conservatives. َ َأَ ْﺛﺒ َ ﺖ ُو ُﺟﻮده To prove oneself; to make one’s presence felt; to excel. ﺧﻠﻒ أﺑﯿﮫ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ أن/ .ﻟﻲ َ َ ﺛﺒﺘﺖ اﻟﻤﺮأةُ وﺟ ّ ﻮدھﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻞ اّﻟﺪوﻟﯿّﺔ وﻓﻲ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻘﺮار اّﻟﺪو ِ ﻟﻘﺪ أ ّ ﺷﯿﺦ اﻟﻘﺒﯿﻠﺔ ا ُ ﺛﺒﺖ ّ ﻟﺸﺎب وﺟﻮده ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺎرك َ أ طﻨﻲ وﺟﻮده ُ أﺛﺒﺖ اﻟﺤﺮ/ .ﺿﺪ اﻟﻘﺒﺎﺋﻞ اﻷﺧﺮى ّ س اﻟﻮ ّ ﻓﻦ اﻟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺘﻲ ھﻮ وﺳﯿﻠﺔ ّ إن ّ / .ﻓﻲ زﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺮب واﻟ ّﺴﻼم .ﻮدھﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ َ ﻟﻠﺸﺒﺎب ﻛﻲ ﯾُﺜﺒﺘﻮا وﺟ Women have proved themselves in international forums and decision-making./ After succeeding his father, the young tribal sheikh proved himself in battles against the other tribes./The national guards excelled in times of war and peace./Graffti is a way for young people to make their presence felt in society. أَﺛَ ًﺮا ﺑَْﻌَﺪ َﻋْﯿﻦ To leave something in ruins; to be wiped out; to be in total destruction. / .ﺛﻮان ﺑﻌﺪ ﺿﺮﺑﮭﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻨﺒﻠﺔ اﻟﻨّﻮوﯾّﺔ ﻏﻀﻮن أﺛﺮا ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ ً أﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﻣﺪﯾﻨﺔُ ھﯿﺮوﺷﯿﻤﺎ ٍ ِ ّ اﻟﺒﯿﺎن ُ ﺿﺮب/ .أﺛﺮا ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﯿﻦ أن اﻟﺤﺮب اﻷھﻠﯿّﺔ ﻗﺪ وﻗﺪ ذﻛﺮ ً ﺗﺮﻛﺖ اﻟﺒُﻨﯿﺔ اﻟﺘّﺤﺘﯿّﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻠﺪ ِ ّ ّ ﻟﺰال اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔَ وﺗﺮك .أﺛﺮا ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﯿﻦ ُ اﻟﺰ ً ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲء 5 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases The city of Hiroshima was wiped out in a matter of seconds after it was hit by the nuclear bomb./The statement said that the civil war had left the infrastructure totally destroyed./The earthquake rocked the city and left everything in ruins. ﻛﺎھَﻞ ِ أَ ْﺛﻘََﻞ To weigh heavily on someone; to burden heavily. اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪات ﻛﺎھﻞ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺗﻌﺮف ﻛﯿﻒ ﺗُﺪﺑّﺮ أﺛﻘﻠﺖ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔُ اﻟﻼﺟﺌﯿﻦ واﻟﻨﺎزﺣﯿﻦ َ ِ / . وﻣﻊ اﻗﺘﺮاب ﺷﮭﺮ رﻣﻀﺎن ﻓﻘﺪ أﺛﻘﻞ اﻧﻘﻄﺎع اﻟﺮواﺗﺐ ﻛﺎھﻞ اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻼت اﻟﻔﻘﯿﺮة/ .اﻟﻌﺎﺟﻠﺔ ُ ّ اﻟﺪﯾﻮن ﻛﺎھﻠﮫ .ﻓﻘﺮر اﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎر أﺛﻘﻠﺖ ِ The problem of refugees and displaced persons has weighed heavily on the government, which does not know how to manage emergency aid./The cut in salaries has weighed heavily on poverty-stricken families as Ramadan approaches./ The debt had burdened him heavily, and he decided to commit suicide. ﺻْﺪَر َ أَ ْﺛﻠَ َﺞ To warm someone’s heart; to be tremendously heartened by something; to be gratifying. ﺛﻠﺞ ﺻﺪري ﱡ ﻟﻘﺪ أﺛﻠﺞ ﺻﺪورﻧﺎ اﻟﺘﺠﺎوب اﻟﺬي/ .رد رﺋﯿﺴﺔ اﻟﻮزراء واﺳﺘﻌﺪادھﺎ ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪﺗﻨﺎ َ ﻟﻘﺪ أ ّ / .ﻟﻘﯿﻨﺎه وإﻗﺒﺎل اﻟﻨﺎس ﻋﻠﯿﻨﺎ .إن ﻣﺎ ﯾُﺜﻠﺞ ﺻﺪورﻧﺎ ھﻮ ﻗﺪرﺗﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺪاد اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ دﯾﻮﻧﻨﺎ ﻟﮭﺬا اﻟﻌﺎم I am heartened by the prime minister’s response and her willingness to help us./We were heartened by the response we received from people./It is gratifying for us to be able to pay off so much of the debts for this year. ُاﺟﺘََﻤَﻌْﺖ َﻛﻠِ َﻤﺔ ْ To join forces; to unite; to come together; to have consensus upon to do something common. ّ ﯿﺎﺳﻲ ّ ﻟﻘﺪ اﺟﺘﻤﻌﺖ ﻛﻠﻤﺔُ اﻹﻋﻼم ّ ّ ﺿﺪ ھﺬا ﻣﻮاﺟﮭﺔ ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻛﻠﻤﺘﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ / .ﻌﺒﻮي اﻟﺸ ُ ّ اﻟﺴ ِ ّ ُﮭﻤﻨﻲ أن ﺗﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻛﻠﻤﺘﮭﻢ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﻘﯿﺎدة ﻛﻲ ﯾَﺤﻤﻮا أﻧﻔﺴﮭﻢ اﻟﺘﮭﺪﯾﺪات ﺿﺪ ّ ﯾ/ .اﻹرھﺎب وﺟﺬوره ِ .اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﯿّﺔ 6 ﺣﺮف اﻷﻟﻒ The media have come together against this populist politician./We should join our forces to battle terrorism and its origins./It is important for me that they should unite under the leadership to protect themselves against external threats. َ أَ ْﺟَﺤ ُ َﺣﻘﱠﮫ/ ﻒ ﺑَِﺤﻘﱢ ِﮫ To be biased against someone; to be unfair or unjust to someone; to deny the right of someone. ّ اﻟﺨﺒﯿﺮ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻘﻮل ﱢ ﺟﺪﯾﺮة ﺑﺤﻖ اﻟﺒﻠﺪ وﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺠﮫ ﻏﯿﺮ أﺟﺤﻒ ﺑﺄن اﻟﺘّﻘﺮﯾﺮ ﻗﺪ وﻗﺪ ذھﺐ ُ َ ٍ ّ / .ﺑﺎﻟﺜّﻘﺔ َﺨﻀﻊ وﻣﻦ اﻟﻮاﺿﺢ أﻧّﮫ ﯾﻨﺒﻐﻲ أن ﺗ،ﺑﺤﻘﻮق اﻟﻤﺮأة إن اﻟﻘﻮاﻧﯿﻦ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﯿّﺔ ﺗُﻤﺜّﻞ إﺟﺤﺎﻓًﺎ َ ِ ﱢ .ﺑﺤﻖ أﻧﻔﺴﮭﻢ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺒﻨّﻮا أھﺪاﻓًﺎ ﻏﯿﺮ واﻗﻌﯿّﺔ ﻻﯾﺴﺘﻄﯿﻌﻮن ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﮭﺎ ﻟﻘﺪ أﺟﺤﻔﻮا/ .ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﺟﻌﺔ The expert argued that the report was biased against the country and its fndings lacked trustworthiness./The current laws deny the rights of women; it is obviously fair that they should be revised./They became unfair toward themselves when they set unrealistic goals they could not achieve. َ َأ ِﺣﺎطﮫُ ِﻋ ْﻠًﻤﺎ ﺑـــ To inform someone; to bring to someone’s knowledge; to brief someone. ّ ﻋﻠﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻹﻧﻘﺎذ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺤﺮ َ ُﻟﻘﺪ أ ّ / .اﻟﺸﻤﺎل إن ﻛﺒﯿﺮ أﻣﻨﺎء اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻟﻢ ﯾُﺤﻄﻨﻲ ﺣﯿﻂ ُ ً اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺲ .ﺗﻢ اﺗّﺨﺎذھﺎ ﻋﻠﻤﺎ ﺑﮭﺬه ّ ﻋﻠﻤﺎ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ اﻟﻘﺮارات اﻟﺘﻲ ِ ً وﺳﯿُﺤﯿﻄﻚ اﻟﺨﺒﺮاء/ .اﻟﻤﺨﻄﻮطﺎت اﻟﻘﺪﯾﻤﺔ ً The president was informed about the rescue operation in the North Sea./No old manuscripts have been brought to my knowledge by the head librarian./ The experts will brief you on some decisions that have been made. ﺨﺎطُﺮ ِ اﻟﻤ َ أَ ْﺣَﺪﻗَ ْﺖ ﺑِِﮫ To be surrounded by danger. ْ ُ ﺤﺪ أﺣﺪﻗﺖ ﺑﮭﺎ اﻟﻤﺨﺎطﺮ ﻟﻘﺪ/ .اﻟﻤﺨﺎطﺮ ﻓﺈﻧّﮫ ﯾﺒﺪأ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﻜﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘّﻜﯿّﻒ ﻣﻌﮭﺎ ق ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺴﺎن ُ ِ ُﺣﯿﻦ ﺗ ُوﺗ ﻗﺮارة أﻧﻔﺴﮭﻢ ﻣﺴﺘﮭﺪﻓﯿﻦ ﻓﺈﻧّﮭﻢ ﯾﻌﺮﻓﻮن ﻓﻲ وإن ﻛﺎﻧﻮا ﻏﯿﺮ/ .ﺑﺄي ﺛﻤﻦ ُ ﺤﺎول ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺔَ أطﻔﺎﻟِﮭﺎ ﱢ َ ِ ّ ﺤﺪﻗﺔ ﺑﮭﻢ اﻵن ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪاﺗﮭﻢ ّ .اﻟﺪﯾﻨﯿّﺔ ِ أن اﻷﺧﻄﺎر ُﻣ 7 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases When humans are surrounded by danger, they begin to think of adaptation./ She is surrounded by danger, and she is trying to protect her children at all costs./Even if they are not targeted, they know deep don that they are now surrounded by danger because of their religious beliefs. ﻀﺔَ ﻋﻠﻰ أَ ْﺣَﻜَﻢ ﱠ َ اﻟﻘَ ْﺒ/ َاﻟﺴْﯿﻄََﺮة To tighten the control or the grip over something; to take full control over; to take over. ّ ت ﻋﺴﻜﺮﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺪن ا / .ﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﺔ ٍ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﺎم ﺑﺒﻨﺎء ﺛﻜﻨﺎ،ُﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﻨﻈﺎُم ﻗﺒﻀﺘﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ِ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ أن ﯾ ّ ﻮاﻣﺎ ﻋﺪﯾﺪةً ﺣﺘﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ/ .ﻔﻄﻲ ّ ّﺗﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﻣﻦ إﺣﻜﺎم ﺳﯿﻄﺮﺗﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻄﺎﻋﮫ اﻟﻨ ً ﻟﻘﺪ اﺳﺘﻐﺮق اﻷﻣُﺮ أﻋ ّ اﻧﮭﯿﺎر اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿّﺔ ا .ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﻢ ﻗﺒﻀﺘَﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎت اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﯿّﺔ ُ ﻟﺴﯿﺎﺳﯿّﺔ أﺣﻜﻢ اﻟﺤﺰ ُ ب اﻟﺤﺎ ٍ In order to tighten its control over the region, the regime started building army barracks in the main cities./It took the country many years until it took full control over its oil sector./After the collapse of the political process, the ruling party has fully tightened its grip on the government institutions. َ ﺲ اﻟﻨﱠ ْ ﻈﺮ َ َاﺧﺘَﻠ To sneak a look; to peek furtively; to peep; to steal a glance. ْ ّ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻻﺣﻆ/ .وﻧﺴﺨﺖ إﺟﺎﺑﺘﮫ ﯾﻘﻮﻣﻮن ﺑﺄن اﻟﻨﺎس ﻛﺎﻧﻮا اﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﮫ اﺧﺘﻠﺴﺖ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ إﻟﻰ ورﻗﺔ َ ِ ِ ّ ً ّ ُ ﺟﺎرھﺎ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺎ ﻗﻠﯿﻼ وﻟﺬا ﻟﻢ ﺷﺒﺎك ﻏﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﻄﻌﺎم ﻛﺎن/ .ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻼس اﻟﻨﻈﺮ إﻟﯿﮫ ﺑﻘﻠﻖ ُ ﯾﺴﺘﻄﻊ ً ِ ِ َﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ .ﻧﻔﺴﮫ ﻣﻦ اﺧﺘﻼس اﻟﻨّﻈﺮ ِ She sneaked a look at his exam paper and copied his answer./He noticed that people were casting furtive glances at him worryingly./The dining-room window was ajar, so her neighbour could not resist peeping in. ْ اﺧﺘَﻠَﻂَ اﻟﺤﺎﺑُِﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﱠﺎﺑِِﻞ Everything got mixed up; to be in a state of confusion; to be plunged into chaos. ﻓﺎﻟﺠﻤﯿﻊ،ﯾﻌﺪ ﺑﺎﻹﻣﻜﺎن اﻟﺘّﻤﯿﯿﺰ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺪﻧﯿﯿﻦ واﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﯾﯿﻦ ﻟﻘﺪ اﺧﺘﻠﻂ ُ اﻟﺤﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻨّﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺤﯿﺚ ﻟﻢ ُ ّ ّ ﯾﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺤﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻨّﺎﺑﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺑﺤﯿﺚ أﺻﺒﺢ اﺧﺘﻠﻂ/ .اﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮي ﻼح وﯾﻠﺒﺲ اﻟﻠّﺒﺲ ُ َ اﻟﺴ 8 ﺣﺮف اﻷﻟﻒ ّ ّ اﻟﺤﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻨّﺎﺑﻞ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺑﺪأت اﺧﺘﻠﻂ/ .اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺤﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺎذﺑﺔ اﻟﺼﻌﺐ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻷﺧﺒﺎر ﻣﻦ ُ .اﻟﻠﯿﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺮاك ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻠﮭﻰ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﻀﻮر ّ ِ ِ Things are getting confusing so that civilians are not distinguishable from the military; everybody is bearing arms and wearing camoufage./Everywhere on the Internet news is mixed up, so it is diffcult to know what is true and what is not./The party became chaotic when two groups of people started fghting each other at the nightclub. َأَ َﺧَﺬ ﺑِﺘ ﻼﺑﯿﺐ ِ To grab by the lapels; to captivate the (heart/emotions/feelings). ّ ﺑﺘﻼﺑﯿﺐ رﺟﻞ اﻹطﻔﺎء ﺑﺘﻼﺑﯿﺒﮭﺎ ورﻓﻌﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺧﺬ/ .اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ودﻓﻌﮫُ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﺋﻂ أﺧﺬ ُ ِ .ﺑﺘﻼﺑﯿﺐ اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻋﺮ إﻧّﮭﺎ أﻏﻨﯿﺔٌ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ/ .اﻷرض ِ He grabbed the man by the lapels and pushed him against the wall./The freman grabbed her by the lapels and lifted her up off the foor./This is a song that captivates the emotions. أَ َﺧَﺬ ﺑِﯿَ ِﺪ To lead; to guide; to help; to take someone under one’s wing. ّ ﺑﯿﺪ ا ْ ﻟﻘﺪ أﺧ/ .ﻧﺼﺮ إﻟﻰ ﻧﺼﺮ / .ﻛﺘﺸﻒ ھُﻮﯾّﺘﻲ اﻟﺤﻘﯿﻘﯿّﺔ ﺬت واﻟﺪﺗﻲ ﺑﯿﺪي ﻛﻲ أ ﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﻣﻦ َ ِ ﻟﻘﺪ أﺧﺬ ٍ ّ طﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﮫ اﻷﺧﺬ ﺑﯿﺪ َ ّ وأﺧﺬ/ .اﻟﺸﺒﺎب ﻛﻲ ﯾﺤﻘّﻘﻮا اﻟﻨّﺠﺎح ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﯿﺎة اﻟﻤﺤﺴُﻦ ﺑﯿﺪ اﻟﯿﺘﯿﻢ ﺟﻞ ُ اﻟﺮ ِ .وﻋﻠّﻤﮫ اﻟﻘﺮاءةَ واﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ He led the people to victory after victory./My mother guided me to discover my real identity./He asked him to help the young people to achieve success in life./ The kind man took the orphan under his wing, teaching him to read and write. ﺒﯿﺮا ْ / أَ َﺧَﺬ ً اﺣﺘ ﱠَﻞ َﺣﯿﱢًﺰا َﻛ To receive a considerable amount of; to take a considerable amount of; to dominate. ً واﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﱟ ُ ّ ﺣﺪ ﻛﺒﯿﺮا ﻣﻦ اﻻھﺘﻤﺎم ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﺣﯿﺰا اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪ اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف أﺧﺬ ً ّ ً اﻟﺨﺘﺎﻣﻲ ّ ّ ﻟﻘﺪ أﺧﺬ اﻟﺘ/ .ﺳﻮاء / .وﻗﺖ اﻟﻮﻓﺪ ﻛﺒﯿﺮا ﻣﻦ ﺣﯿﺰا إﺟﻤﺎع ﺑﺸﺄن اﻟﺘّﻘﺮﯾﺮ ﻮﺻﻞ إﻟﻰ ً ّ ِ ٍ ً ﻣﻮﺿﻮع اﻟﻤﺮأة ُ ّ .ﻛﺒﯿﺮا ﻣﻦ أﺷﻌﺎر ﻧﺰار ﻗﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺣﯿﺰا ﯾﺤﺘﻞ ً 9 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases This new scientifc discovery has received a considerable amount of interest among scholars and specialists alike./It took a considerable amount of the delegation’s time to achieve consensus on the fnal report./Notions of women dominate the poems of Nizar Qabbani. أَ َﺧَﺬ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺗِﻘِِﮫ To take it upon oneself to do something. / .ﻗﺮب ﺣﻘﻮل اﻟﻨّﻔﻂ ﺳﻜﻨﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺮوﯾّﯿﻦ اﻟﻘﺎطﻨﯿﻦ وﺣﺪات أﺧﺬت ﺷﺮﻛﺔُ اﻟﻨّﻔﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺗِﻘﮭﺎ ﺑﻨﺎء ٍ ٍ َ ّ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻧﻘﺺ/ .ﺑﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻜﻨﯿﺴﺔ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻒ ﻮن ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺗِﻘﮭﻢ ﻧﺼﯿﺤﺔ ﺑﻨﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ َ َ ّاﻟﻘﺲ أﺧﺬ اﻟﻤﺼﻠ ً ِ ِ ّ ِأﺧﺬت اﻟﻨﺴﻮةُ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺗ .ﺗﻘﺪﯾﻢ اﻟﻌﻼج ﻟﻠﺠﺮﺣﻰ ﻘﮭﻦ اﻹﻣﻜﺎﻧﯿﺎت اﻟﻄﺒﯿّﺔ ِ َ The oil company has taken upon itself the construction of several housing units for villagers living near the oil felds./On the advice of the priest, the worshippers took it upon themselves to clean the courtyard of the church./Because of the lack of medical capacity, women have taken it upon themselves to treat the wounded. اﻟﺠﺪ َ َﺣَﻤَﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ َﻣْﺤَﻤٍﻞ/ اﻟﺠﺪ َ أَ َﺧَﺬ َﻋﻠﻰ َﻣﺄْ َﺧِﺬ To take something or someone seriously. ّ أ، إﻧّﮫ ﻣﻨﺰﻋﺞ/ .ﺪات اﻟﻤﺘﻄﺮﻓﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺄﺧﺬ اﻟﺠﺪ ظﻦ أﻧّﮫ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻣﺰﺣﺘﻲ ِ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ أن ﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﺗﮭﺪﯾ .ﺚ واﻟُﻤﺠﻮن وﻛﺎن، ﻟﻢ ﯾﺄﺧﺬ اﻟﺤﯿﺎة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺄﺧﺬ اﻟﺠﺪ ﻗﻂ/ .ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺠﺪ ُ َ ﯾﻌﯿﺶ ﺣﯿﺎةً ﺗﻤﺘﻠﺊ ﺑﺎ ِ َﻟﻌﺒ The government should take the threats of the extremists seriously./He is upset; I think that he took my joke seriously./He never took life seriously; he was living a life full of futility and profigacy. ﺤﻰ ً أَ َﺧَﺬ َﻣْﻨ To take a turn; to take a direction; to take an approach. ّ رﺋﯿﺲ اﻟﺒﺮﻟﻤﺎن ﺑﺴﻮء اﺳﺘﻐﻼل وﻗﺪ/ .اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﺋﺐ آﺧﺮ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ اﺗّﮭﻢ اﻟﺠﺪل وأﺧﺬ ُ ُ َ َ ﻣﻨﺤﻰ ً ﻣﻨﺤﻰ ﺳﻠﻤﯿًّﺎ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﯿﻖ أﺧﺬ اﻟﻤﺆﺗﻤﺮ/ .ﻣﻨﺤﻰ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔًﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺑﺪأ ﯾﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﺒﺮة أﺧﺬت ﺣﯿﺎﺗُﮫ ً ً .أھﺪاف اﻟﺤﻘﻮق اﻟﻤﺪﻧﯿّﺔ وﻏﺎﯾﺎﺗِﮭﺎ ِ The debate took a different turn when the member of the parliament accused the speaker of abuse of his power./His life took a different direction when he 10 ﺣﺮف اﻷﻟﻒ started working in the cemetery./The conference took a peaceful approach to achieve the civil rights goals and objectives. َ َ َﺣﻨ/ ُأَ َﺧﻠَﻒ َوْﻋَﺪه ﺚ ﺑِ َﻮْﻋِﺪِه To break a promise; to renege on a promise; to go back on one’s word. ُ أﺧﻠﻒ اﻟﺒﻨﻚ وﻋﺪه ﺑﺪﻓﻊ اﻟﻌﻼوات ﺑﻌﺪ أن أﺑﻠﻎ ﻋﻦ ﺧﺴﺎﺋﺮ ﺗﺒﻠﻎ ﺧﻤﺴﺔ ﻣﻼﯾﯿﻦ دﯾﻨﺎر ﻓﻲ ّ ﺰوج اﺑﻨﺘﮫ ﻟﻠﻤﻠﯿﻮﻧﯿﺮ ا ّ أﺧﻠﻒ ا/ .اﻟﻌﺎم اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﺣﻨﺜﺖ إن/ .ﻟﺸﺎب ُ ﻟﺮ َ ﺟﻞ و ﻋﺪه ورﻓﺾ أن ﯾ ﱢ ِ ُ ﻧﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﺮاء اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﺗ ّ ﻮدھﺎ ھﺬه ا ﺰﻋﻢ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔُ أﻧّﮭﺎ ٍ ﺑﺔ ﺧﯿﺎ ِ ﻟﻤﺮة ﻓﺴﯿﻜﻮن ذﻟﻚ ﺑﻤﺜﺎ ِ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔُ ﺑﻮﻋ . ﺗﺤﻤﯿﮭﻢ The bank reneged on its promise to pay bonuses after reporting a 5-milliondinar loss last year./The man broke his promise and refused to marry off his daughter to the young millionaire./If the government breaks their promises this time, they will betray the poor people they claim to be protecting. ﺮاح َ َ أَ ْطﻠ/ ﺒﯿﻞ َ ﺳ َ ﻖ َ أَ ْﺧﻠﻰ َ ﺳ To release someone. ُ ﻟﺴﻠُﻄ ّ ﺳﺒﯿﻞ ا / . وﻟﻜﻨّﮫ ﺑﻘﻲ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ إﻟﻰ وﻓﺎﺗﮫ،ُﻟﺮواﺋّﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ إﺟﺮاء اﻟﺘّﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻣﻌﮫ ﺎت ُ ﺧﻠﺖ ا َ ِ أ ّ أُﺧﻠَِﻲ/ .وﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺬي ﺗﺮاه ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒًﺎ ﯾُﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ أن ﺗﻔﺮض ﺷﺮوطًﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ إﺧﻼء ﺳﺒﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﺘّﮭﻢ ّ ﻋﻤﺎل اﻧﺘﮭﺎء وﺗﻤﺖ إﻋﺎدﺗﮭﻢ إﻟﻰ ﺣﯿﺎﺗﮭﻢ اﻟﻄّﺒﯿﻌﯿّﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺤﺮب اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﯿ ِّﺔ ُ ّ اﻟﺴﺨﺮة ّ ﺳﺒﯿﻞ أﻏﻠﺐ ِ ِ .ﺳﺮاح اﻟﻨّﺎﺷﻄﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺜّﻮرة وأُطﻠِﻖ/ .اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ُ The authorities released the novelist after investigation, but he remained under surveillance till his death./The court may impose conditions upon the release of the accused as it may determine appropriate./After the end of WWII, most of the forced labourers were released and returned to their normal lives./The activist was released from prison after the revolution. آﺧًﺮا ً ِ أﺧﯿﺮا وﻟَ ْﯿﺲ Last but not least. ّ آﺧًﺮا ﻓ ّ ﻟﺮﻋﺎﯾﺔ ا ّ ﻛﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﻟﺘﺰام ﺑﺘﻘﺪﯾﻢ ا ﻟﺼﺤﯿّﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺈن اﻟﻨّﺠﺎح ﯾﻌﺘﻤﺪ ِ وأﺧﯿًﺮا وﻟﯿﺲ ٍ ٍ ّ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ّ آﺧًﺮا أود ﻣﺮةً أﺧﺮى أن أﺷﻜﺮﻛﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ِ وأﺧﯿًﺮا وﻟﯿﺲ/ .ﻟﻠﺸﺨﺺ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ 11 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases ّ آﺧًﺮا ﻓ ﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﺗﺒﻘﻰ ﺑﻼ أﺟﻮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ِ ﺈن اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻷ ِ وأﺧﯿًﺮا وﻟﯿﺲ/ .ﺴﻦ اﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻟِﻜﻢ ِ ُﺣ . ا ﻟﺤﺎ ﻟﻲ Last but not least, success largely depends on the commitment to provide the right health care to the right persons./Last but not least, I would like once again to thank you for your kind reception./Last but not least, many questions are left without answers at this time. أَ ْدﻟﻰ ﺑَِﺪْﻟِﻮِه To contribute one’s opinion, comments, ideas, etc. in a discussion or about an issue; to provide some input into a discussion; to make remarks; to share one’s perspective. ّ ّ أود أن أﺷﻜﺮ اﻟﻄﺒﯿﺐ وأدﻟﻰ/ .ﻛﻞ اﻟﺬﯾﻦ أدﻟﻮا ﺑﺪﻟﻮھﻢ ﻣﻦ أﻓﻜﺎر وﺗﻌﻠﯿﻘﺎت ﻓﻲ ھﺬه اﻟﻨّﺪوة ُ ّ اﻟﻤﺪﻋﻲ اﻟﻌﺎم ّ راﻓﻀﺎ ّادﻋﺎءات ﻟﻘﺪ أدﻟﺖ ﻟﺠﻨﺔُ اﻟﺨﺒﺮاء/ .ﺿﺪ اﻟﻤﺮأة ﻔﺴﻲ ﺑﺪﻟﻮه ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻀﯿّﺔ ً ّ ّاﻟﻨ ّ ﺑﺪﻟﻮھﺎ .ﻋﻘﻮﺑﺔ اﻹﻋﺪام ﺿﺪ ِ I would like to thank all those who contributed with their ideas and comments to this symposium./The psychiatrist gave his opinion in the case and rejected the prosecutor’s claims against the woman./The committee of experts expressed its opinion against capital punishment. أَ ّدى ﻣﺎ َﻋﻠَ ْﯿِﮫ To fulfl one’s duty/responsibility toward someone or something; to pay off a debt. ّ إن اﻟﺠﻨﻮد اﻷﺑﻄﺎل اﻟﺬي ﻟﻘﻮا ﻣﺼﺮﻋﮭﻢ ﻓﻲ ّ أرﺿﮭﻢ ﻗﺪ ّأدوا ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﻢ ﺗﺠﺎه وطﻨِﮭﻢ اﻟﺪﻓﺎع ﻋﻦ ِ ّ إﻧّﮫ ﯾﻨﻮى أن ﯾ/ .ﺗﺠﺎه أﺑﻨﺎﺋﮭﻢ ﯾﺸﻌﺮ اﻵﺑﺎء ﺑﺄﻧّﮭﻢ ّأدوا ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﻢ ﻣﻦ/ .وأﻣﺘِﮭﻢ ُﺆدي ﻣﺎ ٍ ّ ِ ﻣﺴﺆوﻟﯿﺔ ّ دﯾٍﻦ ﻓﻲ ْ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﻣﻦ .اﻟﺸﮭﺮ اﻟﻤﻘﺒﻞ The brave soldiers who were killed defending their land have fulflled their duty toward their homeland and nation./The parents feel that they have fulflled their responsibilities towards their children./He is considering paying off his debt in full next month. 12 ﺣﺮف اﻷﻟﻒ ِﻮرَن ﺑـــ ِ ُإذا ﻣﺎ ﻗ When compared with; in comparison with. ُ ﻻ ﯾﺰال ً ّ ﺑﻌﺪد اﻧﺨﻔﺾ/ .اﻟﺮﺟﺎل ﻣﻨﺎﺻﺐ ُﻋﻠﯿﺎ ﯾﺸﻐﻠﻦ اﻟﻨﺴﺎء اﻟﻠﻮاﺗﻲ ﻋﺪد َ َ ِ ِ ﻣﺤﺪودا إذا ﻣﺎ ﻗﻮرن ّ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﯾﻮم اﻟﺜّﻼﺛﺎء إذا ﻣﺎ ﻗﻮرن ﺑﺄﺳﮭﻢ ّ أداء ﺳﮭﻢ ّ / .ﺮﻛﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﻔﻂ اﻟﺸ ُ ِ ّإن إﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﻨ ِ ٌ .ﻗﻮرن ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺎم اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﺘﻮاﺿﻊ ھﺬا اﻟﻌﺎم إذا ﻣﺎ َ The number of women who occupy senior positions remains limited when compared with men./The company stock underperformed Tuesday when compared to competitors./The oil production is modest this year by comparison with last year. ﻣﺎء َوْﺟِﮭِﮫ َ َأ َ راق To debase oneself; to degrade oneself. أراق اﻟﻀﺎﺑﻂُ ﻣﺎء وﺟﮭﮫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ أﻟﻘﻰ/ .وﺟﮭﮫ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ اﻟﻤﺎل ﻣﺎء إﻧّﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ ٍ ِ َ اﺳﺘﻌﺪاد ﻷن ﯾُﺮﯾﻖ ﻟﻢ/ .ﺮﯾﻖ اﻟﻤﺮأةُ اﻟﻔﻘﯿﺮةُ ﻣﺎء وﺟﮭﮭﺎ ﻟﺘﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﻤﺎل َ ُ ﻟﻦ ﺗ/ .ﻗﺪﻣﻲ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ طﻠﺒًﺎ ﻟﻠﻌﻔﻮ َ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﮫ ﺗﺤﺖ .وﺟﮭﮫ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﻗﯿﻊ اﻟﻤﻤﺜّﻠﺔ ﺮﯾﻖ ﻣﺎء َ ُﮭﻤﮫ أن ﯾ ّ ُﯾ ِ He is willing to debase himself for money./The offcer humiliated himself by throwing himself at the king’s feet, asking for a pardon./The poor woman would not degrade herself by asking for money./He did not bother degrading himself to obtain the actress’s autograph. إرﺑًﺎ ْ إرﺑًﺎ ْ To tear something to pieces, chunks, or shreds. ّ /.ﺣﯿﻮان ﻛﺒﯿﺮ إرﺑًﺎ إرﺑﺎ ﺧﻼل دﻗﺎﺋﻖ ّ ﺗﻘﻄﯿﻊ ّ ٌ إن ﻣﻤﺎرﺳﺎت أي اﻟﻀﺒﺎع ﻗﻄﯿﻊ ﻣﻦ ﯾﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ َ ٍ ّ ُاﻟﺘّﻔﺮﻗﺔ اﻟﻈّﺎﻟﻤﺔ ﺗ ّ ﻗﺮأت اﻟﻤﻠﻜﺔُ رﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘّﮭﺪﯾﺪ وﺑﺪون ﺗﺮدٍد ﻗﺎﻣﺖ / .ﻤﺰق اﻟﻤﺪن إرﺑًﺎ إرﺑًﺎ ِ .ﺑﺘﻤﺰﯾﻘﮭﺎ إرﺑًﺎ إرﺑًﺎ أﻣﺎم ﺣﺎﺷﯿﺘﮭﺎ A cackle of hyenas can tear a big animal into chunks in a matter of minutes./ The iniquitous practices of segregation are tearing the cities apart./The queen read the threatening letter, and without hesitation, she tore it into pieces before her retinue. 13 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases ﻀﺎن ْ ِ ارﺗَﻤﻰ ﻓﻲ أَ ْﺣ To throw oneself into the arms of someone or something; to be under the control of someone voluntarily. ّ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم إﻟﻰ أن ﯾﺮﺗﻤﻲ ﻓﻲ أﺣﻀﺎن ّ اﻟﻌﺰﻟﺔ ّ / .اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﺎرﻗﺔ ﻀﻄﺮ ُاﻟﺪوﻟﯿّﺔ ﺳﯿ ُ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺿﻐﻂ ُ إﻧّﮫ ﯾﺘﻤﻨﻰ/ .أﻣﮭﺎ وأﺟﮭﺸﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻜﺎء ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ أﺧﺒﺮھﺎ ُ ّ ارﺗﻤﺖ ﻓﻲ أﺣﻀﺎن،اﻟﻄﺒﯿﺐ ﺑﻮﻓﺎة واﻟﺪھﺎ ّ .اﻟﺤﯿﺎة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ ﺿﻐﻮط أن ﯾﺮﺗﻤﻲ ﻓﻲ أﺣﻀﺎن اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﺔ ھﺮﺑًﺎ ﻣﻦ ِ ِ The regime will be forced to throw itself into the arms of the rogue state under the pressure of international isolation./When the doctor told her that her father was dead, she threw herself into the arms of her mother and burst into tears./He wishes to throw himself in the arms of nature to escape the stress of city life. ً َأَ ْرداهُ ﻗ ﺘﯿﻼ To kill someone instantly; to put an end to someone’s life. ً اﻟﻠﺺ اﻟﺬي ﻻذ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺮار ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻨﻚ وأرداه ّ ﻛﺎن ﯾُﻌﺘﻘﺪ/ .ﻗﺘﯿﻼ ّ أن اﻟﻨﺎر ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻣﻦ ﺣﺎرس أطﻠﻖ ُ َ ِ ً ﺷﺨﺼﺎ وﺗُﺮدﯾﮫ ﺷﺎﺣﻨﺔٌ ﺛﻘﯿﻠﺔٌ ﺗﺪھﺲ/ .ﺷﻘﯿﻘﮭﺎ ﻗﺪ أﻗﺪم ﻋﻠﻰ طﻌﻨﮭﺎ ﺑﺨﻨﺠﺮه وأرداھﺎ ﻗﺘﯿﻠﺔ .ﻗﺘﯿﻼ ً A security guard shot and killed the thief as he ran from the bank./It was thought that her brother put an end to her life by stabbing her with his dagger./A heavy truck runs over and kills a person. َ ﻖ اﻷَ ْﺣ ﺪاث َ َاﺳﺘَﺒ ْ To preempt the events; to get ahead of oneself; to act in advance. ُ ّ أﺧﺬت واﺳﺘﺒﻘﺖ اﻷﺣﺪاث ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻧﺸﺮ وﺣﺪات ﻠﻄﺎت اﻟﺘّﮭﺪﯾﺪات اﻹرھﺎﺑﯿّﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺄﺧﺬ اﻟﺠﺪ اﻟﺴ ِ ِ ﺗﺴﺘﺒﻖ اﻷﺣﺪاث ﺑﺎﻟﺘّﺨﻄﯿﻂ أن/ .ھﺠﻤﺎت ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ اﻹرھﺎب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻄﺎرات ﻟﻤﻨﻊ أﯾّﺔ َ ٍ َ ﻟﺮواﯾﺔُ اﻟﻤﺘﺸﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻷﺣ ّ ﺳﺘﺒﻘﺖ ا / .ﺎﻣﺎ ا/ .أﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮاﺟﮭﺔ ﻋﻮاﻗﺒﮭﺎ ِ ً ﺪاث ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻋﺸﺮﯾﻦ ﻋ .ﻧﺼﺤﮫ ﺻﺪﯾﻘُﮫ ﺑﺄﻻّ ﯾﺴﺘﺒﻖ اﻷﺣﺪاث وأن ﯾﻨﺘﻈﺮ ردة ﻓﻌﻞ زوﺟﺘﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺧﺒﺎر ﻋﻼﻗﺘﮫ اﻟﻐﺮاﻣﯿّﺔ The authorities took the terrorist threats seriously and acted in advance by deploying counter-terrorism units in airports to prevent any possible attacks./ It is better to plan ahead of events rather than facing their consequences./The dystopian novel preempted the events of the world 20 years ago./His friend 14 ﺣﺮف اﻷﻟﻒ advised him not to rush the events and urged him to wait to see his wife’s reaction to the news about his affair. ْ َاﺳﺘَْﺮﻋﻰ ْاﻧﺘِﺒﺎه To draw someone’s attention; to come to someone’s attention. ّ ُﻗﻀﯿﺔ ﺗ ّ ،ﻗﺒﻞ أن ﻧﻮاﺻﻞ وﻗﺪ اﺳﺘﺮﻋﻰ/ .ﮭﺪد ﺑﺘﺪﻣﯿﺮ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌﻨﺎ أود أن أﺳﺘﺮﻋﻲ اﻧﺘﺒﺎھﻜﻢ إﻟﻰ ٍ ّ ٌ ٌ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺑًﺎ ﻛﺎن/ .اﻟﻠﺼﺎن اﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎن ﯾﺨﺘﺒﺊ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ ﻏﺮﯾﺐ اﻧﺘﺒﺎھَﮫ إﻟﻰ ھﻤﺲ ُ ِ ِ .ﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﻣﻤﺎ اﺳﺘﺮﻋﻰ اﻧﺘﺒﺎھَﮫ،اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ ِ Before we continue further, I would like to draw your attention to an issue that threatens to destroy our society./A strange whispering drew his attention to the room, where the two thieves were hiding./The book was written in Arabic, which drew his attention to that language. اﻟﺴْﻤَﻊ َ اﺳﺘﺮ ق ﱠ َ To listen in; to eavesdrop; to overhear. ّ ﻟﯿﻔﮭﻢ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻛﺎن ﯾﺠﺮي ﺑﯿﻦ ُ ّ اﺳﺘﺮاق ّ ﯾﺴﺘﺮق ﻤﻊ ﺗﻌﻮد ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻊ ﻛﺎن ّ ﻟﻘﺪ/ .اﻟﺰوﺟﯿﻦ َ اﻟﺴ َ ِ ِ اﻟﺴ ْ ّ ﺗﺴﺘﺮق ّ ﻧﻘﺎﺷﻨﺎ دون ﺣﺎوﻟﺖ أن / .اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻨّﺎس ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﮭﻰ إﻟﻰ اﻷﺣﺎدﯾﺚ َ ِ اﻟﺴﻤﻊ إﻟﻰ .ﻓﺎﺋﺪة He was eavesdropping to understand what was going on between the couple./He got used to overhearing private conversations between people in the café./She tried to listen in on our discussion without success. ﻀﺒًﺎ ْ َ اﺳﺘَﺸﺎطَ َﻏ To become fuming with rage; to fy off the handle; to become livid or infuriated. ّ ﻟﻘﺪ اﺳﺘﺸﺎطﺖ ﻏﻀﺒًﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻤﺖ ﻟﻘﺪ اﺳﺘﺸﺎط ﻏﻀﺒًﺎ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ/ .ﺮأة أﺧﺮى أن زوﺟﮭﺎ ٍ ﺑﺼﺤﺒﺔ اﻣ ِ ّ ﮭﻢ ّ طﺖ ا ﺿﺪ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﻓﻘﺪاﻧﮫ اﻟﻮﺻﺎﯾﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ِ اﺳﺘﺸﺎ/ .أوﻻده ِ َ ّﻟﻤﺪﻋﯿﺔُ ﻏﻀﺒًﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ أﺳﻘﻂ اﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺘ .ﯾﺚ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺼﻠﮫ ُ اﺳﺘﺸﺎط اﻟﻤﺪّر/ .اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮش اﻟﻤﺰﻋﻮم ِ س ﻏﻀﺒًﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺑﺪأ اﻟﻄّﻼب ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺪ It infuriated her that her husband was with another woman./He was fuming with rage over the possibility of losing the custody of his children./The 15 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases complainant became furious when the judge dropped the charges against the alleged harasser./The teacher few off the handle when the students started talking during his class. ﺑﺎﻟﻀِﺤِﻚ ق َ اﺳﺘ َْﻐَﺮ ْ ﱠ To crack up; to dissolve into laughter; to get the giggles; to be in stitches; to be in fts of laughter; to laugh like a drain; to guffaw. ّ ﻤﻜﻦ أن ُ ُﯾ ّ / .اﻟﻀﺤﻚ اﻻﺳﺘﻐﺮاق ﻓﻲ ي اﺳﺘﻨﺸﺎق ﻏﺎز أﺣﺎدي أﻛﺴﯿﺪ اﻟﻨﯿﺘﺮوﺟﯿﻦ إﻟﻰ َ ﯾﺆد ِ ّ ﻟﻘﺪ اﺳﺘﻐﺮق ّ ّ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺤﻚ ﺣﯿﻦ اﻷم / .ﺳﺒﺐ واﺿﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺤﻚ دون ﻣﻘﺪم اﻷﺧﺒﺎر ٍ ّ واﺳﺘﻐﺮﻗﺖ ِ ّ أدرﻛﺖ ّ َﺣﻤﺎﻟﺔ ّ أن اﺑﻨﮭﺎ واﺳﺘﻐﺮق اﻟﺠﻤﯿﻊ / .اﻟﺼﺪر ﻣﻌﮫ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ َ ّ اﻟﺼﻐﯿﺮ ﻗﺪ أﺧﺬ ﺑﺎﻟﺨﻄﺄ ّ .ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺤﻚ ﺣﯿﻦ روى ﻟﮭﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺟﺮى ﻓﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ Inhaling nitrous oxide can cause fts of giggles./The news presenter laughed uncontrollably for no obvious reason./The mother laughed like a drain when she discovered her little son had taken her bra into school by mistake./His account of the job interview sent everybody into fts of laughter. ق َوْﻗﺘًﺎ َ اﺳﺘ َْﻐَﺮ ْ To use an amount of time. ّ / .ﻒ ﻣﻊ واﻗﻌِﮫ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪ إن إﺗﻘﺎن ﺧﻂّ اﻟﺜﱡﻠﺚ ﯾﺴﺘﻐﺮق ﻣﻦ ﻟﻘﺪ اﺳﺘﻐﺮﻗَﮫُ اﻷﻣُﺮ وﻗﺘًﺎ ً َ ّﻗﺼﯿﺮا ﻛﻲ ﯾﺘﻜﯿ ً اﻟﺨﻄﺎطﯿﻦ وﻗﺘًﺎ طﻮ ُ ق اﻻﻗﺘﺼ ُ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻐﺮ/ .ﺟﺪا ً ﯾﻼ .ﺒﯿﻌﻲ ﺎد وﻗﺘًﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ أن ﯾﻌﻮَد ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن إﻟﻰ و ّ ّﺿﻌﮫ اﻟﻄ ِ ً ھﻞ اﺳﺘﻐﺮق اﻟﺘﺤﻀﯿﺮ ﻟﻠﺪرس وﻗﺘًﺎ طﻮ/ . ﺳﺘﺴﺘﻐﺮق ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔُ اﻟﻮﺛﯿﻘﺔ ﺑﺄﻛﻤﻠﮭﺎ ﯾﻮﻣﯿﻦ/ ﯾﻼ؟ It took a short time for him to adjust to his new reality./It takes calligraphers a very long time to master the Thuluth script./The economy will take time to be back to normal again./Did it take too long to prepare for the lesson?/It will take two days to translate the whole document. ﻤﯿﺤَﻚ ُﻋْﺬًرا ْ َأ ُ َ ﺳﺘ I beg your pardon; I apologise; I stand corrected. ُ ﺬرا ھﻞ ھﻞ ﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎﻧﻚ أن،ﺬرا ﺳﯿﺪي ً أﺳﺘﻤﯿﺤﻚ ﻋ/ ﻗﻠﺖ ﺷﯿﺌًﺎ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻻﺋﻖ؟ ً أﺳﺘﻤﯿﺤﻚ ﻋ ُ ﺗﺨﺒﺮﻧﻲ أﯾﻦ أ أﺳﺘﻤﯿﺤﻜﻢ/ .ﺬرا ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺪر ﻣﻨّﻲ ﺗﺠﺎھﻚ ً أﺳﺘﻤﯿﺤﻚ ﻋ/ ﺟﺪ ھﺬه اﻟﻜﺘﺐ؟ 16 ﺣﺮف اﻷﻟﻒ ّ ،ﺬرا ّ أود أن أ ﺗﻢ إﻧﺸﺎء اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮﯾّﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺜّﺎﻟﺚ ً ﻋ ّ ﺻﺤﺢ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺔ ﻓﻘﺪ ّ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻻ ا .ﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ I beg your pardon, have I said something wrong?/I beg your pardon, Sir, but could you please tell me where I can fnd these books?/I apologise for what I have done to you./I stand corrected; the Mustansiriya Madrasah was established in the 13th century, not the 14th. ْ ِاﺳﺘ ََﮭﱠﻞ َﺣﺪﯾﺜَﮫُ ﺑـــ To open one’s speech; to start one’s talk. ّ ّ اﺳﺘﮭﻞ ﺣﺪﯾﺜﮫ / .ﺑﺎﻟﺜﻨﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘّﺎرﯾﺦ اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮك ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﯾﻦ اﻟﻮزﯾﺮ ﺣﺪﯾﺜﮫ اﺳﺘﮭﻞ وﻗﺪ ُ ِ ّ ّ ﻌﺮض ّ ّﺑﺈﺣﺼﺎﺋﯿﺎت ﻋﻦ آﺛﺎر اﻟﺘ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺿﺮ ﺣﺪﯾﺜﮫ ﺑﻌﺒﺎرة ”ﯾﺎ اﺳﺘﮭﻞ / .اﻟﻌﻤﺎل ُ ٍ ّ ﻟﻠﻀﺠﯿﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ “.ﻋﺎﻟﻢ ﺟﻤﯿﻞ ٍ ﻟﮫ ِﻣﻦ The minister opened his speech by praising the shared history between the two countries./He started his speech with statistics on the effects of exposure to noise on workers./The lecturer started his talk with this statement: “What a beautiful world!” ﺳﺪى َﻣْﻌﺮوﻓًﺎ ْ َأ To do someone a favour. ّ ھﻼ/ .وﺳﺘُﺴﺪي ﺻﺎﺣﺒﺔُ اﻟﻌﻘﺎر ﻟﮭﻢ ﻣﻌﺮوﻓًﺎ وﺗُﺨﻔّﺾ اﻹﯾﺠﺎرات َ أﺳﺪﯾﺖ ﻟﻲ ﻣﻌﺮوﻓًﺎ وأﺧﺬﺗَﻨﻲ .ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮاﻓﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻈّﮭﻮر ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺠﻨﺎ ﺑﻼ ُﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ اﻟﻤﻄﺮب ﻣﻌﺮوﻓًﺎ ﻟﻘﺪ أﺳﺪى ﻟﻨﺎ/ ﻣﻌﻚ؟ ُ ِ The landlady will do them a favour and cut rent./Would you do me a favour and take me with you?/The singer did us a favour by agreeing to appear on our programme for free. ﺴّﻤﻰ ْ َ اﺳٌﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ُﻣ A ftting name; to be aptly named. ّ / .ﺗﺸﺘﮭﺮ ﺑﺄﺳﻮارھﺎ وﻗﻠﻌﺘﮭﺎ ذات اﻟﻠﻮن اﻷﺣﻤﺮ ﻓﮭﻲ،ﻣﺴﻤﻰ ُ ّ اﺳﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ٌ إن ﻣﺪﯾﻨﺔَ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء ھﻲ و”راھﺎت ھﺎن“ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿّﺔ/ . ﻓﮭﻲ اﻣﺮأةٌ ﻧﺎﺟﺤﺔٌ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺪارة،ﻣﺴﻤﻰ اﺳﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ّ ٌ ﻧﺠﺎح ھﻲ .ﻣﺴﻤﻰ اﺳﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ّ ٌ واﻟﻨﺰل ھﻮ،ﺗﻌﻨﻲ اﻟﻨﺰل اﻟﻤﺮﯾﺢ 17 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases The aptly named Alhambra is known for its red walls and castle./Najah’s name is ftting, as she is a successful woman in her own right./“Rahat han” is Turkish for “The comfortable inn”, and the name is ftting. ْ ُأ ِﺳَﻮةً ﺑـــ Following the example or the pattern of; in the same manner; along the lines of; just as. ّ / .اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻌﯿﺪةً ﻋﻦ اﻷﺿﻮاء أﺳﻮةً ﺑﺒﺎﻗﻲ اﻟﻔﻨﺎﻧﺎت ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻔﻨﺎﻧﺔُ ﺣﺮﯾﺼﺔً ﻋﻠﻰ إﺑﻘﺎء ﺣﯿﺎﺗﮭﺎ ّ اﻟﻀﺮوري أن ً ّ ّ اﻛﺘﺸﻒ،اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺳﯿﯿﻦ ّ أﺳﻮةً ﺑﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻻ/ .ﻷﺗﺒﺎﻋﮫ وﻋﻮدا ﯾﻘﺪم ﯿﺎﺳﻲ أﻧّﮫ ﻣﻦ ّ اﻟﺴ ِ ّ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت ﻟﻠﻘﻮاﻧﯿﻦ أﺳﻮةً ﺑﻐﯿﺮھﺎ ﻣﻦ ّ ﺑﻌﺾ َﺗ .اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت ﺨﻀﻊ ُ ُ The female artist was keen to keep her private life away from the spotlight, just as other female artists did./The politician found it necessary to make promises to his followers just like other politicians./Some businesses are not subject to regulations in the same way as other businesses. ﻨﺎق ْ ُ اﺷَﺮأَﺑﱠ ْﺖ ﻟَﮫُ اﻷَ ْﻋ To look up at someone with great admiration; to strain one’s neck; to hold someone in awe or in high esteem. ُ اﺷﺮأﺑّﺖ ﻟﮭﺎ أﻋﻨﺎ / .ت ﻓﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ اﻷﻣﯿّﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻨﺴﺎء ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌﮭﺎ ٍ ق اﻟﻨّﺴﺎء ﻟﻤﺎ ﺣﻘّﻘﺘﮫُ ﻣﻦ إﻧﺠﺎزا ُ ُ َرواﺋﻲ ﺗ ّ أﻋﻨﺎق اﻟﺠﯿﻞ ﺸﺮﺋﺐ ﻟﮫ إﻧّﮫ/ .أﻋﻨﺎق اﻟﻨّﺎس وﻗﺪ ﻓﺘﻨﺘﮭﻢ ﺷﺠﺎﻋﺘﮫُ وﺣﻜﻤﺘﮫ اﺷﺮأﺑّﺖ ﻟﮫ ّ ّ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ .اﻟﺮواﺋﯿﯿﻦ واﻟﻜﺘّﺎب She is a highly admired hero among women for her achievements in combating illiteracy among women in her society./The people looked up at him with high admiration, mesmerised by his courage and wisdom./He is one novelist highly admired by the new generation of novelists and writers. ﻼك ْ َأ َ ﺷَﺮ َ /ت ِ اﻟﮭ ِ اﻟﻤْﻮ َ ف َﻋﻠﻰ To nearly die; to be on the verge of death; to be within an inch of one’s life. ّ با ّ ﻟﻘﺪ/ .ﻟﺸﺮﺳﺔ ﺗﻌﺮﺿﻨﺎ ِ ﻓﺖ اﻟﻤﺮأةُ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻮت ﺣﯿﻦ ھﺎﺟﻤﺘﮭﺎ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔٌ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻼ ِ أﺷﺮ ّ ﻛﻞ أﻧﻮاع ا ّ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺬﯾﺐ واﻹھﺎﻧﺔ و ﺄة ُ و،ﻟﻀﻐﻮط ِ ﺑﻌﻀﻨﺎ أﺷﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﮭﻼك ﺗﺤﺖ وط 18 ﺣﺮف اﻷﻟﻒ أﺷﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻮت ﺑﻌﺪ،طﻔﻞ ﻋﻤﺮه ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أﻋﻮام ﻧﺠﺢ اﻟﻤﺴﻌﻔﻮَن ﻓﻲ إﻧﻘﺎِذ/ .اﻟﺘّﻌﺬﯾﺐ ٍ ّ أﺷﺮف ا/ .أن ﺗﻮﻗّﻒ ﻗﻠﺒُﮫ وﻓﻘﺪ اﻟﻮﻋﻲ ﻛﻠﯿًﺎ ﺳﺒﯿﻞ ﻟﮫ ﯾﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﮭﻼك وﻣﺎ ِﻣﻦ ُ ﺟﻞ اﻟﻐﺮ ُ ﻟﺮ ٍ .ﻟﻠﻌﻮدِة إﻟﻰ أھﻠﮫ The woman nearly died when she was attacked by a pack of dogs./We were subjected to torture, humiliation, and all kinds of pressure; some of us nearly died./The paramedics managed to save a 3-year-old who had nearly died after his heart had stopped and he had lost consciousness completely./The stranger is on the verge of death and has no way of going home. اﻟﺠﻨﻮن أَﺻﺎﺑَﮫُ َﻣ ﱞ ُ ﺲ ِﻣَﻦ To be touched by madness; to go crazy or insane. ﻧﻮﺑﺎت اﻟﻐﻀﺐ ﺑﻤﺲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻨﻮن ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﻤﺤﯿﻄﻮن ﺑﺎﻟﺪﯾﻜﺘﺎﺗﻮر ﯾﻌﺘﻘﺪون أﻧّﮫ ﻗﺪ أُﺻﯿﺐ أﺻﺒﺢ ﱟ َ ِ اﻟﻜﻤﺎل إن ﻟﻢ ﯾُﺼﺒﮫ ﱞ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ/ “.ﻣﺲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻨﻮن اﻟﻌﻘﻞ ”ﻻ ﯾَﺒﻠﻎ: ﯾﻘﻮل أرﺳﻄﻮ/ .اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺘﺎﺑﮫ ُ َ ّ َﻣﺸﻮﺷﺔ ُ ﺑﻤﺲ ﻣﻦ اﻋﺘﻘﺪت أﻧّﮭﺎ أُﺻﯿﺒﺖ ،درﺟﺔ اﻟﺒﻜﺎء اﻟﺬھﻦ وﻣﺮﺗﺒﻜﺔ وﺗﻀﺤﻚ ﺑﮭﺴﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ إﻟﻰ ﱟ ّ ِ .اﻟﺠﻨﻮن The sudden outbursts of rage made people around the dictator think that he was touched by madness./“No great mind ever existed without a touch of madness.” – Aristotle./She was confused and laughing hysterically to the point of crying; I thought she was going insane. ﺴﯿّﺎ ْ َﺻﺒَ َﺢ ﻧ ْ َأ ِ ﺴﯿًﺎ َﻣْﻨ To sink into oblivion; to become non-existent. ُ ﺗﻮﺷ / .ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﻧﺴﯿًﺎ ﻣﻨﺴﯿًﺎ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔً ﻟﺰﺣﻒ اﻟﻤﺪﻧﯿّﺔ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﻚ أﻧﻤﺎطُ اﻟﺤﯿﺎة اﻟﺘّﻘﻠﯿﺪﯾّﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘُﺮى أن َ ِ أﺻﺒﺤﺖ اﻟﻤﻄﺮﺑﺔُ ﻧﺴﯿًﺎ ﻣﻨﺴﯿًﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ أن اﻧﺴﺤﺒﺖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﯿﺎة ﻟﻘﺪ ﺗﻤﻨّﻰ أن/ .ﻟﻤﺪة طﻮﯾﻠﺔ ٍ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ّ ِ .ﺑﮫ َ ﻟﺤ َ ِ ﻖ ِ ﯾﻜﻮن ﻧﺴﯿًﺎ ﻣﻨﺴﯿﺎ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔَ اﻟﻌﺎر اﻟﺬي The traditional patterns of living in villages are sinking into oblivion as a result of the advance of modernity./The singer had been withdrawn from public life for a long time; she became non-existent in the eyes of people./He felt so ashamed that he wished to sink into total oblivion. 19 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases اﻟﻌِﻜِﺮ ﻄﺎد ﻓﻲ َ اﺻ ْ َ اﻟﻤﺎء ِ To fsh in troubled waters. ٌ ﻟﻢ ﯾﺴﺘﺠﺐ ّ دﻟﯿﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ وﻋﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ٌ أﺣﺪ ﻟﺨﻄﺎب اﻟﻜﺮاھﯿﺔ وھﺬا ﯾﺼﻄﺎد ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﯾُﺤﺎول أن َ ّ وﻧﻨﺼﺢ ،اﻟﻤﯿﺎه اﻟﻌﻜﺮة اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺳﯿﯿﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻻﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎت ﺑﻌﺪم اﻻﺻﻄﯿﺎد ﻓﻲ / .ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎء اﻟﻌﻜﺮ ُ ِ .ﺼﻮﻣﮭﻢ ﻧﻘﺎط ﻋﻠﻰ ُﺧ ٍ وﻋﺪم اﺳﺘﻐﻼل اﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﻟﺘﺴﺠﯿﻞ ِ No one responded to hate speech, and this is a testament to society’s awareness of anyone trying to fsh in troubled water./Politicians are advised not to fsh in troubled water during the election and not to take advantage of the situation to score points over their opponents. ذات اﻟﺒَ ْﯿﻦ ْ ُ إﺻ ِ ﻼح To settle differences; to resolve confict; to reconcile and restore friendly relations. ُ ّ ذات اﻟﺒﯿﻦ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺟﮭﻮد ﻓﺸﻠﺖ/.اﻟﺴﻜﺎن اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿﯿﻦ رﺋﯿﺴﺎ ﻓﻲ إﺻﻼح دورا ﯾﻠﻌﺐ ُ ً ً وﺟﮭﺎء اﻟﻘﺮﯾﺔ ُ ِ ُ ذات اﻟﺒﯿﻦ اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﯿّﺔ ﺗﻘﻮم ِ ﻣﺮاﻛﺰ إﺻﻼح ِ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ إﺻﻼح ِ ُ / .ذات اﻟﺒﯿﻦ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﯿﺨﻲ اﻟﻘﺒﯿﻠﺘﯿﻦ ﺑﺘﻘﺪﯾﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﱢ .اﻟﻌﺪاوات ﺑﯿﻦ أﻓﺮاد اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻼت ﻟﻠﺤﺪ ﻣﻦ ِ The notables of the village play an important role in settling the differences among the locals./The government efforts have failed to resolve the confict between the two tribal sheikhs./The family reconciliation centres help reduce animosities among family members. اﻹﯾﻤﺎن ﻒ ُ ﺿَﻌ ْ َأ ِ The minimum possible action someone can take; the very least thing to do. ّ اﻷﻗﻞ أن ﺗﻤﻨﻊ إﻋﻼﻧﺎت ّ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ / . وذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ أﺿﻌﻒ اﻹﯾﻤﺎن،اﻟﺴﺠﺎﺋﺮ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔُ ﻋﻠﻰ ُ ُ ّ ّﺿﺪ إﺟﺮاءات اﻟﺘ ّ ﺗﻘﻮم ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﻗﯿﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ رﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻻﺣﺘﺠﺎج وذﻟﻚ أﺿﻌﻒ،ﻘﺸﻒ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﯿّﺔ أن َ ً اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ وذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ أﺿﻌﻒ،ﻟﯿﻼ ﻛﻲ ﯾَﺤﻤﻮا ﺣﯿّﮭﻢ ﯾﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷھﺎﻟﻲ ﺣﺮاﺳﺔ/ .اﻹﯾﻤﺎن ِ .اﻹﯾﻤﺎن The government can at least ban cigarette advertising, and this is the minimum possible action it can take./You can sign the letter of protest against the 20 ﺣﺮف اﻷﻟﻒ government’s austerity measures, and this is the minimum possible action you can take./The residents should guard the area at night; this is the very least thing they can do to protect their neighbourhood. ُ ﺿ ﻐﺎث أَ ْﺣﻼم ْ َأ Pipe dreams; nothing but fanciful dreams. ّ ﻘﺪ ّ وﻟﻲ إن اﻟﺨﻄّﺔ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﯿّﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺗﻜﺰة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺸﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻠﯿﺎر ﻣﻦ ّ اﻟﺪ ِ ّﺻﻨﺪوق اﻟﻨ ِ ﻟﻠﻮﺻﻮل إﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﺮش ّإﻻ أﺿﻐﺎث ﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ ﺗﻄﻠّﻌﺎت وزﯾﺮ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ/ .ھﻲ ﺑﻤﺜﺎﺑﺔ أﺿﻐﺎث أﺣﻼم ِ ّ رﺑﻤﺎ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ/ .أﺣﻼم .أن أﻣﻨﯿﺎﺗﻲ ﻣﺎ ھﻲ ّإﻻ أﺿﻐﺎث أﺣﻼم ّإﻻ أﻧّﮭﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺗُﺼﺒﺢ ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺔ The government’s plan to get 20 billion from the IMF is a pipe dream./The vizier’s aspirations for the throne were nothing but fanciful dreams./You may say that my wishes are nothing but fanciful dreams, but those fanciful dreams could become a reality. ﻖ ُﺣْﻜًﻤﺎ َ َأَ ْطﻠ To pass judgment on somebody; to stereotype. ّ ّإﻻ، رﻏﻢ ﺗﺒﺮﺋﺘﮫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ/ .ﻈﺎھﺮھﻢ أن اﻟﻨﺎس ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل َﻣ اﻷﺣﻜﺎم ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺜﯿﺮاً ﻣﺎ ﺗُﻄﻠَﻖ ِ ُ ِ ّ أﺳﺘﻄﯿﻊ أن أﺗﻮﻗّﻒ ﻋﻦ إطﻼق اﻷﺣﻜﺎم ﻻ/ .اﻟﺤﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﺑﺄﻧّﮫ ﻣﺠﺮم أﻗﺎرﺑﮫ ُ ُ اﺳﺘﻤﺮوا ﻓﻲ إطﻼق .ﻋﻠﻰ اﻵﺧﺮﯾﻦ People are mostly judged by the way they look./Although he was acquitted in court, his relatives kept judging him as a criminal./I cannot stop passing judgment on others. اﻟﺤْﻜَﻢ ِﺟﺰاﻓًﺎ َ َأَ ْطﻠ ُ ﻖ To judge arbitrarily; to decide haphazardly; to be biased or prejudiced. أطﻠﻖ ﻋﺎﻟُِﻢ/ .ﺗﻌﺮف اﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﻤﺤﯿﻄﺔَ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻀﯿﺔ اﻷﺣﻜﺎم ﺟﺰاﻓًﺎ دون أن رﺟﺎء ﻻ ﺗُﻄﻠﻖ َ ً َ ُ ﺮﻗﻲ وﻟﻢ / .أﺳﺲ ﺳﻠﯿﻤﺔ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔً ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﺟﻨﺎس اﻟﺒﺸﺮﯾّﺔ ّ ّأﺣﻜﺎﻣﮫ ﺟﺰاﻓًﺎ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘ ّ اﻟﻌ ِ ﻔﻮق َ ٍ ّ .اﻟﻘﺼﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻟﻘﻄﺔ ﻓﯿﺪﯾﻮ ﻗﺼﯿﺮة ﻟﻢ ﺗﻌﻜﺲ أﺣﻜﺎﻣﮭﻢ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﺟﺰاﻓًﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل أطﻠﻘﻮا ِ َ 21 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases Please do not judge without knowing the truth surrounding the case./ The anthropologist’s views on race superiority were haphazard and illgrounded./They judged him based on a short video clip that did not refect the full story. ﯾﺢ َ َأَ ْطﻠ ّ ِﻖ ﺳﺎﻗَ ْﯿِﮫ ﻟ ِ ﻠﺮ To take to one’s heels; to rush away; to do a runner; to shoot off into the blue, to race off. ّ ﺳﻤﺎﻋﮫ ﺻﻔﺎرات ﺳﯿﺎرات َﺺ ﺳﺎﻗﯿﮫ ﻟﻠﺮﯾﺢ ﻟﺤﻈﺔ ّ ّأطﻠﻖ اﻟﻠ وﻣﺎ إن أذھﻠﮫ إطﻼق/ .اﻟﺸﺮطﺔ ِ ّ اﻟﻐﺰال ﺳﺎﻗﯿﮫ ﻟﻠﺮﯾﺢ واﺧﺘﻔﻰ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻷطﻔﺎل ﺳﯿﻘﺎﻧﮭﻢ ﻟﻠﺮﯾﺢ أطﻠﻖ/ .اﻟﺸﺠﯿﺮات اﻟﻨّﺎر ﺣﺘّﻰ أطﻠﻖ ُ ُ .ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻓُﺘﺢ اﻟﺒﺎب The robber took to their heels when they heard the police sirens./Stunned by the shooting, the gazelle took to the heels and disappeared in the bushes./The children raced off when the door opened. َ اﻟﻌ َ َأَ ْطﻠ َ ﻖ ِﻨﺎن ﻟــ To unleash something; to give free rein to something or someone. ّ / .ﻌﺼﺐ ّ ّ ّﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺮاھﯿﺔ واﻟﺘ إن اﻟﺘﺸﺮﯾﻊ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪ اﻟﻌﻨﺎن إن ﺧﻄﺎب اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺳﯿُﻄﻠﻖ َ ٍ ّ اﻟﻌﻨﺎن ﻟﻠﺮﺋﯿﺲ ﻛﻲ اﻟﻘﺮار ﻟﻘﺪ أطﻠﻖ/ .اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻼد ﻟﻠﻨﻤﻮ ﺴﺎھﻢ ﻓﻲ إطﻼق اﻟﻌﻨﺎن ُ َ ّ ُ ُﺳﯿ ّ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﺣﻲ ّ ﯾﻤﺎرس ﺳﻠﻄﺔً ﻣﻄﻠﻘﺔً ﻋﻠﻰ .اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ َ The government’s discourse will unleash a wave of hatred and intolerance./ The new legislation will contribute to unleashing economic growth in the country./The resolution gave the president the free rein to exercise unbridled authority over all aspects of the state. َاﻟﻜّﺮة َ ﻋﺎد َ َأ To retry; to repeat something; to redo something over again. ّ ﺑﻌﺪ َ إن أﻋﺎدوا اﻟﻜﺮة/ .اﻟﻜﺮةَ وأﺟﺮى اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔَ ﺑﻨﺠﺎح ّ أﻋﺎد اﻟﻌﺎﻟِ ُﻢ،ﻋﺪِة ﻣﺤﺎوﻻت ﻓﺴﯿﺨﺴﺮون َ ُ ّاﻟﻜﺮة ﻟﻤﺎ ﻏﯿ ّ ﻋﻠﻲ أن أُﻋﯿﺪ .ﺮت ﺷﯿﺌًﺎ ﺗﻢ ُ ّ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺄة وﻗﺪ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎن ﱠ/ .إﻧﺬارھﻢ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ 22 ﺣﺮف اﻷﻟﻒ After many attempts, the scientist retried the experiment with success./They were warned that if they did it again, they would lose the bonus./If I had to do it over again, I would not change a thing. ُأَ ْﻋﯿَ ْﺘﮫُ اﻟﺤﯿﻠَﺔ To be at wit’s end; to be in despair after making every effort. ّ ﺟﺮﺑﺖ ّ ﻓﻘﺪ،ﻟﻘﺪ أﻋﯿﺘﮭﺎ اﻟﺤﯿﻠﺔ ﻟﻘﺪ أﻋﯿﺘﻨﻲ اﻟﺤﯿﻠﺔ ﻟﻔﮭﻢ/ .إﻧﺠﺎب طﻔﻞ أﺟﻞ ﺷﻲء ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ٍ ِ ِ ُ اﻟﻤﺒﻌﻮث اﻟﺨﺎص أﻧّﮫ ﯾﻨﺒﻐﻲ اﻷﺧﺬ اﻗﺘﺮح ﻓﻘﺪ، ﺑﻌﺪ أن أﻋﯿﺘﮫ اﻟﺤﯿﻠﺔ/ .اﻟﺘﻨﺎﻗﻀﺎت ﻓﻲ ﺷﺨﺼﯿّﺘﮫ َ ِ ّ أﺟﻞ ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺔ ّ .اﻟﺴﻜﺎن اﻟﻤﺪﻧﯿﯿﻦ ﺑﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻌﯿﻦ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﻘﯿﺎم ٍ ِ ﻋﺴﻜﺮي ﻣﻦ She has tried everything to have children, and now she is at her wit’s end./I am at my wit’s end to understand the reason behind the contradictions in his personality./The special envoy, at his wit’s end, suggested that military action should be considered to protect the civilian population. ْ َﺻﺔ َ ْاﻧﺘ ََﮭَﺰ اﻟﻔُ ْﺮ/ اﻏﺘَﻨَ َﻢ To seize the opportunity; to take advantage of something; to take the chance. ْ ّ ّ أود أن أﻏﺘﻨﻢ ھﺬه اﻟﻔﺮﺻﺔ ﻛﻲ أﻋﺒّﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻣﺘﻨﺎﻧﻲ ﻟﺴﯿﺎدة ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت اﻏﺘﻨﻤﺖ / .اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺲ ُ ﻹﺣﺪاث ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﺎﺧﺒﯿﻦ اﻏﺘﻨﺎم اﻟﻔﺮﺻﺔ/ .ﻟﺘﺰﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ أرﺑﺎﺣﮭﺎ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ ظﻞ اﻟﻜﺴﺎد اﻟﻔﺮﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ ﱢ َ ّ ِ .ﺣﻘﯿﻘﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻼد ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ّ ٍ I would like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude to his excellency the president./Some companies seized the opportunity of the global recession to increase their profts./The voters should seize the opportunity to make a real change in the country. ْ ﻣﻮع اﻏَﺮْوَرﻗَ ْﺖ َﻋْﯿﻨﺎهُ ﺑِ ﱡ ِ ﺎﻟﺪ One’s eyes fll up with tears; one’s eyes become welled up with tears. ّ ُاﻏﺮورﻗﺖ ﻋﯿﻨﺎه / .ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻣﻮع ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ وﺻﻒ ﻛﯿﻒ ﻓﻘﺪ زوﺟﺘﮫ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻣﺮض اﻷﻟﺰھﺎﯾﻤﺮ ّ اﻏﺮورﻗﺖ ﻋﯿﻨﺎھﺎ وﺣﯿﻦ/ .أطﻼل اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ اﻟﺬي ﻛﺎن أﯾﻘﻮﻧﯿًّﺎ ﻓﯿﻤﺎ ﻣﻀﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻣﻮع ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ رأت َ ُ ّ ّ ﻋﯿﻨﺎي .أﺻﺪق ﻛﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮزن ﻗﺪ ﻓﻘﺪت ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻣﻮع وﻟﻢ ﻧﻈﺮت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮآة اﻏﺮورﻗﺖ َ 23 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases His eyes filled up with tears when he described how he lost his wife to Alzheimer’s disease./Her eyes filled up with tears when she saw the ruins of the once iconic building./As I looked at my reflection in the mirror, my eyes welled up with tears, and I could not believe how much weight I had lost. ُأَﻓَ َﻞ ﻧَ ْﺠُﻤﮫ One’s star has waned. ﻓﻮل ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﮫ ﻧﺠﻢ اﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻓﻘﺪ ٍ َ ﱟ ُ أﻓﻞ ِ ُ وﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻨّﻈﺮ إﻟﻰ أ/ .راﺋﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ٍ ّ ﻧﺠﻢ ﻓﺈﻧّﮫ ﻣﻦ ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﻮاﺿﺢ ﻣﺪى اﻟﻨّﻔﻮذ اﻟﺬي ﺳﯿﻜﻮن ﻟﺪﯾﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿّﺔ،ﯿﺎﺳﻲ اﻟﻤﺨﻀﺮم ّ اﻟﺴ ّ / .اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺳﯿّﺔ ّ ﯾﺮﻏﺒﻮن ﻓﻲ إن ﺷﻌﺒﯿّﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻀﯿﺾ واﻟﺠﻨﺮاﻻت ﻟﯿﺴﻮا ﻣﺘﺄﻛﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻦ أﻧّﮭﻢ َ .أن ﯾﺮھﻨﻮا ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﮭﻢ ﺑﮭﺬا اﻟﻨّﺠﻢ اﻵﻓِﻞ The country’s star waned when it lost its position as a leading fnancial centre in the region./But given the waning star of the veteran politician, it is unclear how much infuence he will have over the political process./The king’s popularity is at rock bottom, the generals are not sure if they want to tie their future to this waning star. اﻟﺪْﻧﯿﺎ َوﻟَ ْﻢ ﯾُ ْﻘِﻌْﺪھﺎ ُ ﻗﺎم َ َأ To raise Cain; to make a scene; to cause a great turmoil; to be up in arms. ّ اﻟﺪﻧﯿﺎ وﻟﻢ ﺗﻘﻌﺪھﺎ ّ ُأﻗﺎﻣﺖ اﻟﻤﻤﺜﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﺮ إﻧّﮫ ﻗﺎل/ .ﻓﻨﺎء دارھﺎ ُ ِ ﻷن ﻗﻄﺔ اﻟﺠﯿﺮان دﺧﻠﺖ إﻟﻰ ِ ّاﻟﻤﺮﺷﺢ اﻟﺪﻧﯿﺎ وﻟﻢ ﯾُﻘﻌﺪھﺎ ﻷﻧﮫ ّ ﺳﯿُﻘﯿﻢ أﻗﺎم/ .اﻗﺘﺮاﺣﮫ اﻟﺪﻧﯿﺎ وﻟﻦ ﯾﻘﻌﺪھﺎ إذا ﻟﻢ ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ اﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ُ ِ ّ أﻗﺎم/ .اﺗﮭﺎﻣﺎت ﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﯿﮫ ﺑﺘﺰوﯾﺮ اﻻﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎت ّ ﺟﻞ اﻟﺪﻧﯿﺎ وﻟﻢ ﯾﻘﻌﺪھﺎ ووﺟﮫ ،ﯾﺘﻢ اﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﮫ ُ اﻟﺮ ٍ ّ ﻟﻢ ّ ﻷﻧﮫ وﺟﺪ .ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺟﯿّﺪ أن ﺣﺬاءه ﻟﻢ ﯾُﻨﻈﱠﻒ ٍ The actress made a scene because the neighbour’s cat walked into her yard./ The manager said he would raise Cain if the committee would not approve his proposal./The candidate made a scene when he was not elected and accused his opponents of electoral fraud./The man made a scene when he found out that his shoes were not cleaned properly. 24 ﺣﺮف اﻷﻟﻒ ﺴﮫُ ﻓﻲ َ أَ ْﻗَﺤَﻢ ﻧَ ْﻔ To barge in on something; to force one’s self into something. ّ اﻟﺨﺒﺮاء ّ ﻧﻔﺴﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎع ﻷن ﻏﻀﺐ/ .دون دﻋﻮة َ اﻟﺮﺳﻤﻲ ُ َ ﻟﻘﺪ أﻗﺤﻤﺖ زوﺟﺔُ اﻟﻮزﯾﺮ ّ ّ /.اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﮭﻢ ُ ّ اﻟﺤﻖ ﻓﻲ إﻗﺤﺎم ﺗﻤﺘﻠﻚ إن اﻷطﺮاف اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﯿّﺔ ﻻ ﻣﺠﺎل ﯿﺎﺳﻲ أﻗﺤﻢ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ ﻓﻲ ّ اﻟﺴ ِ ِ ّ ﻧﻔﺴﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺆون .اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﯿّﺔ ِ The minister’s wife barged in without invitation to the offcial meeting./The experts were infuriated that the politician had barged in on their feld of expertise./External actors have no right barging in on the state’s internal affairs. ﺲ َ ِﻀَﺮ َواﻟﯿﺎﺑ َ أَ َﻛَﻞ اﻷَ ْﺧ To obliterate; to devour everything. ُ ُ اﻟﺤﺮب اﻟﺘﻲ طﺎل اﻟﻔﺴﺎد اﻷﺧﻀﺮ أﻛﻞ/ .ﻣﻤﺘﻠﻜﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ اﻷﺧﻀﺮ واﻟﯿﺎﺑﺲ ﻣﻦ أﻣﺪھﺎ أﻛﻠﺖ ُ َ ِ ِ رﺳﻮم ﺳﺘﺄﻛﻞ / .ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘُﮭﺎ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻌﻘﻮد اﻟﻤﺎﺿﯿﺔ ُ ّ واﻟﯿﺎﺑﺲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﺳﺐ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﯾّﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ُ ّ اﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪة اﻟﻤﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔ اﻷﺧﻀﺮ واﻟﯿﺎﺑﺲ ﻣﻦ .ﺣﯿﺎﺗﮫ ﺧﺮات ﻣﺪ ِ ِ The long-lasting war devoured everything the family had owned./Corruption wiped out all the economic gains that had been achieved in the past decades./His life savings will be obliterated by high-interest charges. ب َ اﻟﺪْھُﺮ َو َ أَ َﻛَﻞ َﻋﻠَ ْﯿِﮫ َ ﺷِﺮ To be timeworn; to be dead and gone. ً ﻓﺸﻠﮫ ّ / .ھﺮ وﺷﺮب ّ ﻓﺸﻼ ﻹﯾﺪﯾﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎت أﻛﻞ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ إن اﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮار ﻓﻲ ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻖ ﻟﻘﺪ رأى ﻓﻲ ُ اﻟﺪ ِ ّ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺎت أﻛﻞ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ّ اﻟﺪھﺮ وﺷﺮب ﻗﺪ ﯾ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺰال/ .ﻋﻼﻗﺎت اﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﻣﻊ ﺟﯿﺮاﻧﮫ ﻟﻠﺨﻄﺮ ُﻌﺮض ٍ ِ ُ ّ ﻟﻘﺪ أﻛﻞ/ .اﻟﺪھﺮ وﺷﺮب ّ ﺗﺪرﯾﺲ أﻛﻞ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ اﻟﺪھﺮ وﺷﺮب ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻠﻚ أﺳﺎﻟﯿﺐ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم َ َ ٍ ّاﻟﻨ .ﻮﻋﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺘﻘﺪات ِ He saw his failure as a failure of timeworn ideologies./A continued application of timeworn policies would endanger the country’s relations with its neighbours./The school is still using timeworn methods of teaching./That kind of belief is dead and gone. 25 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases ّإﻻ َﻣْﻦ َرِﺣَﻢ َرﺑّﻲ Except for the lucky or the blessed ones; except for a few; except for a small minority. أﻏﻠﺐ أطﻔﺎل اﻟﻘﺮﯾﺔ ﯾﻌﻤﻞ / .ﺑﯿﻮت وﺷﻘﻖ ﻣﺆﺟﺮة رﺣﻢ رﺑّﻲ ﻓﻲ ﯾﻌﯿﺶ ُ ُ ُ ُ ٍ ِ أﻏﻠﺐ اﻟﻨﺎس ّإﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﺺ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﯿﺘﺎﻣﯿﻨﺎت أﻏﻠﺐ اﻟﻨّﺴﺎء ﻣﻦ ﺗُﻌﺎﻧﻲ/ . ّإﻻ ﻣﻦ رﺣﻢ رﺑّﻲ،ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻧﻊ اﻟﻄّﺎﺑﻮق ُ ٍ ّ ّ ﻟﻢ/ . ّإﻻ ﻣﻦ رﺣﻢ رﺑّﻲ،واﻟﻤﻌﺎدن ﻣﻤﻦ اﻟﺴﻜﺎن ﻣﻦ ﯾﺘﻤﻜﻦ ّ ﺗﺸﻐﯿﻞ ﻣﻜﯿّﻔﺎﺗﮭﻢ ّإﻻ ﻣﻦ رﺣﻢ رﺑّﻲ ِ .ﯾﻤﺘﻠﻜﻮن ﻣﻮﻟّﺪات ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎء Except for the lucky few, the vast majority of the people live in rented houses and apartments./Except for the lucky few, most children in the village work in brick factories./Except for the blessed few, most women suffer from vitamin and mineral defciencies./Except for the few lucky ones with electricity generators, nearly all residents have been unable to run their air-conditioners. أَ ْﻟﻘﻰ ﺑِ ِﻈﻼﻟِ ِﮫ َﻋﻠﻰ To cast a shadow over something. ّ اﺣﺘﻔﺎل ُ ّ اﻟﺬﻛﺮى ّ أﻟﻘﺖ/.اﻟﺴﻨﻮﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﺜّﻮرة ﺑﻈﻼﻟﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ واﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدي اﻟﺘﻔﺎوت أﻟﻘﻰ ّ ِ ِ ّ ﺑﻈﻼل ﻣﻦ ُ ّ اﻟﺸ اﻹﯾﺠﺎﺑﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘّﺄﺛﯿﺮ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﺸﻮرةُ ﺣﺪﯾﺜًﺎ ّ ٍ ّ ﺑﻈﻼل ﻣﻦ ّ اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎت ّ اﻟﺸ .اﻟﺪﯾﻨﯿّﺔ ﻤﻌﺔ اﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻘﻲ ﯾُﻠﻘﻲ اﻟﻔﯿﻠﻢ/ .اﻟﺘّﻮظﯿﻒ ّ ِ ِ ﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ُﺳ ٍ Economic and social inequalities had cast a shadow over the celebration of the revolution’s anniversary./The newly published data has cast a shadow of doubt over the positive impact of new technologies on employment./ The documentary is casting a shadow over the reputation of the clerical establishments. ّ ِأَ ْﻟﻘﻰ ﺑ ﺴﺆوﻟِﯿﱠ ِﺔ َﻋﻠﻰ ْ ﺑﺎﻟﻤ َ / ﺑﺎﻟﻠﱠ ْﻮِم/ ﺎﻟﻼﺋِ َﻤِﺔ To lay the blame/responsibility on someone or something; to pin the blame on someone. ّ ﺳﻤﻲ ّ وﻻرﺗﻔﺎع ّ ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﻮﻓﯿّﺎت ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺮﺿﻰ أﻟﻘﻰ اﻟﺘّﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺋﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻘﺺ اﻟﻤﮭﺎرات ّ اﻟﺮ ِ ﺑﺎﻟﻼ ّ ﻟﯿﺲ ﻣﻦ/ .ﻠﺖ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔُ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﯿّﺔ ﺑﺈﻟﻘﺎء اﻟﻠّﻮم ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮى أﺟﻨﺒﯿّﺔ / .ﻟﺪى اﻷطﺒﺎء ِ ﺗﻨﺼ .اﻟﻌﺪل إﻟﻘﺎء اﻟﻠّﻮم ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺎدﻣﺘﻜﻢ ِ 26 ﺣﺮف اﻷﻟﻒ The offcial inquiry laid the blame for the high mortality rate among the sick on lack of skill among doctors./The government exempted itself from responsibility by putting the blame on foreign powers./It is not fair to pin the blame on your maid. ب اﻟﺤْﺒَﻞ َﻋﻠﻰ َ ﺗ ََﺮَك/ أَ ْﻟﻘﻰ ِ اﻟﻐﺎر ِ To let loose of something; to give up control of something; to leave things unchecked. ّ ﺑﺎﻹﻣﻜﺎن اﻟﺴﯿﻄﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺒﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻐﺎرب ﺣﯿﻦ ﻻ ﯾﻜﻮن ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﺣﯿﺎن ﯾﻨﺒﻐﻲ أن ﻧُﻠﻘﻲ ﻓﻲ َ ِ ِ ْ ﻟﻢ/ .اﻷﻣﻮر اﻟﺤﺒﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻐﺎرب ﻓﯿﻤﺎ ﯾﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﺳﺘﯿﺮاد ﯾﻜﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻧﯿ ِّﺔ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ أن ﺗﺘﺮك َ وإذا ﺗُﺮك ﻟﮫ اﻟﺤﺒﻞ،ﯾﺘﺤﻮل اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﻔﺮط ﻟﻺﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ إﻟﻰ إدﻣﺎن ﯾُﻤﻜﻦ أن/ .اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﯿّﺔ ّ ّ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻐﺎرب ﻓﻘﺪ .ﺧﻄﺮا ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷطﻔﺎل ﯾﺸﻜﻞ ً Sometimes we should let loose of what we cannot control./The government never intended to let things go out of control regarding the monitoring of food imports./Excessive Internet use can become an addiction; if left unchecked, it can be dangerous for children. َ ﺳﻠﱠ اﻟﻀْﻮَء َﻋﻠﻰ َ ﻂ َ / أَ ْﻟﻘﻰ To shed light on something; to highlight; to bring to light. ّ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺑﺈﻟﻘﺎء ّ ﻮء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗِﯿَﻢ ّ ﻣﻮﻋﻈﺘﮫ ﻮء ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺪأ/ .ﺣﻤﺔ واﻟﻌﺪاﻟﺔ ﺳﻠّﻂ اﻟﻮاﻋﻆُ ﻓﻲ ُ ِ اﻟﻀ ِ اﻟﺮ ِ َ اﻟﻀ ّﻄﻮر اﻟﺘ ّ ُأﻟﻘﺖ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﺔ .ﻐﺎت اﻟﺴﺎﻣﯿّﺔ وﻗﺪ/ .ﺎرﯾﺨﻲ ﻟﻠﻨّﻈﺮﯾّﺔ ّ ّاﻟﺘ ّ ِ ّﺸﺎﺑﮫ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻠ ِ ّﻮء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘ ِ َ اﻟﻀ The preacher emphasised in his sermon the values of kindness and fairness./ The chapter began by shedding light on the historical development of the theory./The researcher highlighted the similarities among Semitic languages. َ أَ ْﻟﻘﻰ ﻮاھﻨِ ِﮫ ِ ﻼم َﻋﻠﻰ َﻋ َ اﻟﻜ To blurt out; to speak unthinkingly. ﻧﺎﺋﺐ اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺲ اﻋﺘﺬر / .ﻋﻮاھﻨﮫ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﺣﯿﺎن دون اﻟﺘّﻔﻜﯿﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻮاﻗﺐ اﻟﻜﻼم ﻋﻠﻰ إﻧّﻨﺎ ﻧُﻠﻘﻲ ُ َ ِ َ ّ ّ اﻟﻤﺴﺆول اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ اﻟﻜﻼم ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻘﺪ أﻟﻘﻰ/ .وﺗﺤﺪﺛﮫ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻻ ﯾﻠﯿﻖ ﻹﻟﻘﺎﺋﮫ اﻟﻜﻼم ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻮاھﻨﮫ ُ ّ ﺑﺸﺄن ﺳﻮء إدارة اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻟﺸﺆون .اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ ﻋﻮاھﻨﮫ وﻛﺬب ِ ِ 27 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases Sometimes we blurt out things without thinking of the consequences./The vice president has apologised for blurting out inappropriate words./The former offcial blurted out lies about the government’s mismanagement of state affairs. ً ُأَ ْﻟﻘﻰ ﻟَﮫ ﺑﺎﻻ To take notice of someone or something; to pay attention to someone or something. ً اﻟﺴّﻜﺎن اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿﻮن ً ﻟﻦ ﯾُﻠﻘﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟَ ُﻢ ّ ﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻟﻠﻤﺨﺎطﺮ اﻟﺒﯿﺌﯿّﺔ اﻟﻨّﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ ِ ِ ُ ﻟﻢ ﯾ/ .ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻨّﻔﻂ ً اﻋﺘﻘَﺪ أﻧّﮭﺎ ﺳﺘُﻠﻘﻲ ﻟﮫ/ .ﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ّ ﺑﺎﻻ إذا ّ ُﻟﻠﺘﺤﺬﯾﺮات اﻟﺘﻲ أطﻠﻘﺘﮭﺎ ﺳﻠﻄﺔ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ ﻟﮭﺎ َ ﻗﺪم ِ اﻟﺴ ِ ً ُﻠﻖ ّ ً وﻟﻜﻦ ّ / .وﻋﺮﻓﮭﺎ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﮫ .ﺑﺎﻻ ﻟﺸﻜﺎواﻧﺎ ِ أﺣﺪا ﻟﻢ ﯾ The world will never take notice of the environmental hazards caused by the oil industry./The local people ignored the warning which the public safety authority had given./He thought if he introduced himself to her, then she would take notice of him./But our complaints fell on deaf ears. ٰ اﻟﻠّ ُﮭﱠﻢ ّإﻻ Except barely; save for. / . اﻟﻠّﮭﻢ ّإﻻ ﻛﺴﺮة ﺧﺒﺰ،ھﺐ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻨّﻮم دون أن ﺗﺘﻨﺎوَل ﺷﯿﺌًﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄّﻌﺎم ُ ﻧﺖ اﻟﻤﺮأةُ ﺗﺬ ً و ِ ﻛﺜﯿﺮا ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎ ّأر واﺣﺪةً ﻣﻦ ھﺬه اﻟﻠ ّ أي ﻣﻜﺎن ﻗﻂ اﻟﻠّﮭﻢ ّإﻻ ّ ﻮﺣﺎت اﻹﻋﻼﻧﯿّﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮة واﺣﺪة َ ﻟﻢ ِ ِ . اﻟﻠّﮭﻢ ّإﻻ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت،ﺤﺴﻦ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿّﺔ ِ ُ إﻧّﮭﺎ ﻻ ﺗ/ .ﺣﺪﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺤﯿﻮان ِ She often went to bed without eating anything, except barely for a piece of bread./I have never seen one of these billboards anywhere except barely once near the zoo./She cannot speak Arabic save for a few words. ﺪﯾﻦ َ ِإِﻟﻰ أَﺑَ ِﺪ اﻵﺑ Forever and ever; in eternity. ّ اﻟﻤﺼﺮﯾﻮن اﻟﻘﺪﻣﺎء ﻟﻺﻟﮫ أﺗﻮم ﻟﯿﺤﻤﻲ ﻣﻠﻮﻛﮭﻢ اﻷﻣﻮات ﻣﻦ ّ / .أﺑﺪ اﻵﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﺗﻀﺮع َ ِ اﻟﺸﺮور إﻟﻰ ّ ّاﻟﻜﻮن ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘ ُ ّ .أﺑﺪ اﻵﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﺮ / .أﺑﺪ اﻵﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻊ ِ ﻤﺪد إﻟﻰ ِ رﺣﯿﻠﮫ ﺳﺘﺒﻘﻰ ذﻛﺮاهُ وﻗﯿَﻤﮫ إﻟﻰ ِ Ancient Egyptians prayed to the god Atum to protect their dead kings against evil forever and ever./With his passing, his memory and values will last forever and ever./The universe will continue to expand forever and ever. 28 ﺣﺮف اﻷﻟﻒ ﺴّﻤﻰ َ إﻟﻰ أَ َﺟٍﻞ َﻏْﯿِﺮ ُﻣ Indefnitely; until further notice. اﻟﻘﻠﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﺑﺎء ﻣﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ أﺟﻞ ﻏﯿﺮ ّ ّ ﻟﻘﺪ ٍ ﺗﻢ إرﺟﺎء اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻷﺧﯿﺮة ﻣﻦ اﻷﻟﻌﺎب إﻟﻰ ِ ُ ُ ّ / .اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ إﻣﺪادات ﺳﺘﺒﻘﻰ/ .ﻣﺴﻤﻰ أﺟﻞ ﻏﯿﺮ أطﺮاف ﻗﺮرت ّ ّ ِ ٍ اﻟﻤﻌﺎھﺪة ﺗﻤﺪﯾﺪ اﻟﻤﻌﺎھﺪة إﻟﻰ .ﻣﺴﻤﻰ أﺟﻞ ﻏﯿﺮ ّ ِ ٍ اﻟﻐﺬاء ﻣﺘﺎﺣﺔً إﻟﻰ The fnal phase of the games has been postponed until further notice because of concerns with the pandemic./The parties to the treaty decided to extend the treaty indefnitely./The supplies of food will continue to be available until further notice. ﺴِﮫ أَ ْن ِ آﻟﻰ َﻋﻠﻰ ﻧَ ْﻔ To pledge oneself to do something; to take upon oneself; to devote or commit one’s self to do something. ْ وﻓﺎة ﺷﻘﯿﻘﮭﺎ آﻟﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ َ ُﻧﻔﺴﮭﺎ أن ﺗ ِ ﻟﻘﺪ آﻟﺖ ﻋﺎﻟِﻤﺔُ اﻟﻠّﺴﺎﻧﯿّﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ ِ وﺑﻌﺪ/ .ﻐﺔ اﻟﻤﯿّﺘﺔ ِ ّﻌﯿﺪ إﺣﯿﺎء اﻟﻠ ّ اﺧﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ّ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨّﻈﺎم1 ﺗﻨﺺ اﻟﻤﺎدة ّ ﻧﻔﺴﮭﺎ / .ﻧﻔﺴﮭﺎ أن ﺗﺮﻋﻰ أوﻻده ّ اﻟﺪ ِ أن اﻟﺠﻤﻌﯿّﺔ ﺗﺄﻟﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ُ ُ ّ ّﻣﺮض اﻟﺘ ﺑﻘﯿﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻋﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﻮاﻟﺪﺗﻲ ﻣﺎ آﻟﯿﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ أن ﻟﻘﺪ/ .ﻮﺣﺪ ﻮﻋﯿﺔ ﺣﻮل ِ ّﺑﻨﺸﺮ اﻟﺘ َ ِ .ﻗﯿﺪ اﻟﺤﯿﺎة ِ The linguist has pledged to herself to revive the dead language./After her brother died, she took upon herself the responsibility for protecting his kids./ Rule 1 of the book of rules states that the organisation devotes itself to raising awareness about autism./I have committed myself, as long as I lived, to taking care of my mother. َ َأ ﺜﺎم َﻋﻦ َ ﻣﺎط اﻟﻠﱢ To unveil something; to reveal or disclose something. ﺧﻄﺔ طﺖ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔُ اﻟﻠّﺜﺎم ﻋﻦ أﻣﺎط ُ ٍ ِ أﻣﺎ/ .ت اﻟﮭﯿﺮوﻏﻠﯿﻔﯿّﺔ ِ ﻓﮭﻢ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺎ ِ ﺣﺠﺮ رﺷﯿﺪ اﻟﻠﺜﺎَم ﻋﻦ ﻣﻔﺎﺗﯿﺢ ّ . أﺛﺎرت إﻣﺎطﺔُ اﻟﻠﺜﺎم ﻋﻦ ھُﻮﯾ ِّﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺮِم اﻟﺤﻘﯿﻘﯿ ِّﺔ اﻟﺼﺪﻣﺔَ ﻟﺪى اﻟﻨﺎس/ .ﻟﺘﺨﻔﯿﻒ اﻟﺒﻄﺎﻟﺔ ﺪة ٍ ﺟﺪﯾ ِ The Rosetta stone revealed the key to understanding the hieroglyphic scripts./ The government unveiled a new unemployment mitigation plan./The unveiling of the criminal’s true identity shocked the people. 29 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases أَﻣﺎﻧَﺔٌ ﻓﻲ ُﻋﻨُﻘِِﮫ To be entrusted with something; the responsibility of something rests on one’s shoulder; to have a sacred obligation. ّ ُﺗ ّ ، أﯾّﮭﺎ اﻟﻤﻮاطﻨﻮن/ .اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ أﻋﻨﺎﻗﻨﺎ إن ﻧﺼﻮن ﺑﺄھﻤﯿﺔ أن ﺗﺠﺎرب اﻟﺒﺸﺮﯾّﺔ ﺬﻛﺮﻧﺎ ُ َ ِ ِ َ ّ / .اﻟﻘﺎدﻣﺔ ھﻮ أﻣﺎﻧﺔٌ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻨﻘِﻨﺎ ﻷﻣﺘِﻨﺎ ھﻮ أﻣﺎﻧﺔٌ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﯿﺮاث إن اﻷﺟﯿﺎل ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ َ ّ اﻟﻐﻨﻲ ّ ّ ِ ِ ّ ،اﻟﺼﻌﺒﺔ ّ ظﻞ ھﺬه اﻟﻈﺮوف ّ ﻓﻲ/ .أﻋﻨﺎﻗِﻨﺎ .اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن واﻟﻨﻈﺎم ھﻮ أﻣﺎﻧﺔٌ ﻓﻲ أﻋﻨﺎﻗِﻜﻢ اﺣﺘﺮام ﻓﺈن َ ِ The experience of humanity reminds us why we must guard what has been entrusted to us./My fellow citizens, the future of coming generations rests on our shoulders./We bind ourselves to preserve the rich cultural inheritance of our nation./Under these diffcult circumstances, respecting law and order is a sacred obligation upon you. اﻵﻣُﺮ اﻟﻨّﺎھﻲ ِ The person with the absolute authority; the person in the driving seat; the person in control; the one who calls the shots. ّ اﻷﺻﻮات ﻣﻦ%99.9 وﻗﺪ ﺣﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ،اﻵﻣﺮ اﻟﻨﺎھﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻠﺪ رأس اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ھﻮ إن َ ِ ِ اﻟﺤﺎﻛﻢ ِ ّ ﻖ ّ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺆون ّ َإن اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ ّ / .اﻻﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎت اﻷﺧﯿﺮة ُ ّاﻟﺪﯾﻨﯿّﺔ ھﻲ اﻵﻣﺮ اﻟﻨﺎھﻲ ﻓﯿﻤﺎ ﯾﺘﻌﻠ اﻟﺪﯾﻨﯿّﺔ ﻓﻲ ِ ّ اﻟﺸﯿﻒ ّ ﻛﺎن/ .ﻟﻠﻨﺎس ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ .واﻟﺪه ﻣﻄﻌﻢ اﻟﺸﮭﯿﺮ ھﻮ اﻵﻣﺮ اﻟﻨﺎھﻲ ﻓﻲ ِ ِ The head of the regime controls everything in the country and won 99.9% of the votes in the latest elections./The religious establishment has absolute authority over all the religious affairs of the people in the region./The famous chef and celebrity was the one who called the shots in his father’s restaurant. ﺳﯿّﺎن ِ اﻷَْﻣُﺮ It is all the same; it makes no difference to someone either way. ّ إن ﻓﺎﻷﻣﺮ ،ﯾﮭﻤﮭﻢ إن ﻛﺎن اﻟﺪﻓﻊ أﺳﺒﻮﻋﯿًّﺎ أو ﺷﮭﺮﯾًّﺎ ُ َ ّ ﻻ/ . إن ﺑﻘﯿﺖ أو رﺣﻠﺖ،اﻷﻣﺮ ِﺳﯿّﺎن ﻟﻲ ّ .اﻟﻮزاري أم ﻻ اﻷﻣﺮ ِﺳﯿّﺎن ﻓﯿﻤﺎ إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻮزﯾﺮ ﺳﯿﻨﺠﻮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮ / .ﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﮭﻢ ُ ِ ِّﺳﯿّﺎن ﺑﺎﻟﻨ It is all the same to me whether you stay or leave./It makes no difference to them whether they get paid weekly or monthly./It is all the same whether the minister will survive the cabinet reshuffe or not. 30 ﺣﺮف اﻷﻟﻒ ُﻤﯿﺮه ُ ﺿ َ أَ ْﻣﻠﻰ َﻋﻠَ ْﯿِﮫ To act according to one’s conscience; to be dictated by one’s conscience. ّ ّ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺿﻤﯿﺮه ﻓﯿﻤﺎ ﯾﺘﻌﻠّﻖ ﺗﺼﺮف ﺑﻤﺎ ﯾﻤﻠﯿﮫ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ أﺻﺮ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻣﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧّﮫ ﻗﺪ وﻗﺪ ُ ِ ﻣﺪروﺳﺎ ﺧﯿﺎرا اﻟﻤﺴﺎواة أﺟﻞ ﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﮭﺎ ﻣﻊ ً ً َ َﺗ ِ ِ ِ ﻀﺎل ﻣﻦ ِ ّ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺸﺎرﻛﺘُﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨ/ .اﻟﻮﺻﯿّﺔ ّ ّ ﺿﻤﯿﺮه وﻟﯿﺲ ﺑﺄواﻣﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ف ﻟﻘﺪ/ .ﺿﻤﯿﺮھﺎ أﻣﻼهُ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ُ ُ َ ﺗﺼﺮ ِ ُاﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮي ﺑﻤﺎ أﻣﻼه .اﻟﻌﻠﯿﺎ ُ اﻟﻘﯿﺎدة ِ The lawyer insisted that he had acted according to his conscience regarding the way he handled the will./Her participation in the struggle for equality was a deliberate choice dictated by her conscience./The military man acted according to his conscience; and not because of orders from the high command. وان ُ َﺣﺎن اﻷ َ / آن َ It is time; it is about time to do something; the time has come. ّ ُ ّ إن ﯾﻘﻮم ﻟﻘﺪ آن اﻷوان ﻛﻲ/ .ﺣﺼﺎد اﻟﻘﻤﺢ أوان آن َ ﻟﻘﺪ،ﻨﺎﺑﻞ ﺟﺎﻓّﺔٌ وﺗﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻟﻸﺳﻔﻞ َ اﻟﺴ ِ َ ّ ﺑﻤﺰﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻋﻤﺎﻟﻘﺔ اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺸﻔﺎﻓﯿﺔ ﺣﻮل ﻛﯿﻔﯿِّﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻄﺎﻟﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﻠﻜﻮن َ ٍ ِ ِ ِ ِ ّ ﻧﻜﻮن ﻣﻨﻔﺘﺤﻲ ّ ّ / .اﻟﺸﺨﺼﯿّﺔ .ﺣﻠﻮل واﻗﻌﯿّﺔ ھﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎن اﻷوان ﻛﻲ َ َ أظﻦ أﻧّﮫ ﻗﺪ ٍ ِ اﻟﺬ The spikes are dry and bowing down; it is time to harvest the wheat./It is about time that consumers demand more transparency about how the Internet giants use personal data./I think it is about time to be open-minded about realistic solutions. ﻮار َرﺑﱢِﮫ ِ ِﺟ/ ْاﻧﺘَﻘَ َﻞ إﻟﻰ َرْﺣَﻤِﺔ ِﷲ To pass away; to die. ّ ﻌﻠﻦ ُ ُاﻟﺤﺰن واﻷﺳﻰ ﻧ ّ اﻟﺴﻌﺎدة ّ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻋﻤﺮ رﺣﻤﺔ ﷲ ﻋﻦ اﻧﺘﻘﻞ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺲ ﻗﺪ أن ﺑﻔﺎﺋﻖ َ َ ِ ِ ٍ ِ ّ ّ ّ ُ ُﯾ ّ ﺆﺳﻔﻨﺎ أن ﻧُﺨﺒﺮﻛﻢ ﻋﻤﺘﻜﻢ ﻗﺪ اﻧﺘﻘﻠﺖ إﻟﻰ رﺣﻤﺔ ّ أن ِ ُ ﯾ/ . وإﻧﺎ إﻟﯿﮫ راﺟﻌﻮنa إﻧﺎ،ﻨﺎھﺰ اﻟﺘﺴﻌﯿﻦ .طﻮﯾﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺮض ﺻﺮاع ﺑﻌﺪ َ ﷲ ٍ ٍ It is with the deepest feelings of sorrow and regret that we have to announce the passing of his excellency the president at the age of 90. To God we belong 31 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases and to Him shall we return./We are sorry to tell you that your aunt passed away after a long illness. ﻤﺎﻣﮫُ َﻋﻠﻰ ْ ﺐ ﺼ ﱠ َ ْاﻧ ُ ِاھﺘ To focus one’s attention on something; to devote attention to something. ّ / .اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘّﻌﻠﯿﻢ ّ اھﺘﻤﺎم اﻧﺼﺐ ﺳﺒﻌﯿﻨﯿﺎت اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﻌﺸﺮﯾﻦ ﻓﻲ ُاﻟﺒﻠﺪ اﻟﺬي ﻛﺎن ﯾﻮاﺟﮫ َ إن ِ ِ ُ ّ ّ ﺼ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اھﺘﻤﺎم ﻨﺼﺐ اھﺘﻤﺎﻣﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺐ ُ َأزﻣﺔً اﻗﺘﺼﺎدﯾﺔً ﺻﻌﺒﺔ ﻟﻢ ﯾ َ ﯾ/ .ﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎد ِ ِ ّإﻋﺎدة اﻟﺜ ِ ُ َ .اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ وﻓﮭﻤﮭﺎ ﺿﻤﻦ إطﺎرھﺎ اﻟﺠﺮﯾﻤﺔ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎع ﻋﻠﻰ ّ ِ ِ ِ Through the 1970s, the government focused its attention on education./The country, faced with a diffcult economic crisis, has not focused its attention on restoring confdence in the economy./Sociologists devote considerable attention to analysing and understanding crime in its social context. ﻮاء َ َﻀﻮى ﺗ َ ْاﻧ ِ ِﺤﺖ ﻟ To join and become part of; to adhere; to enrol under. ْ أُﺟﺒِﺮ/ .اﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺤﻜﻢ ،ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺮﯾﺪاﻧﯿّﺔ ھﺰﯾﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﻤﺎﻟﯿﻚ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ ُ اﻧﻀﻮت ﻣﺼﺮ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻟﻮاء َ ّ ِ ِ ُ ٌ ٌ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت ﺗﻨﻀﻮ ﻟﻢ/ .ﻟﻮاء اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻛﺒﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﺗﻠﻲ اﻟﺜّﻮار ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪد ِ اﻻﻧﻀﻮاء ﺗﺤﺖ ِ ِ ّ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ .اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺳﯿّﺔ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪة ﻟﻮاء ِ اﻟﻄّﻼّﺑﯿّﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ ِ Following the defeat of the Mamluks in the battle of Ridanieh, Egypt adhered to the Ottoman rule./Many rebel fghters were forced to enrol under the fag of the government./The student groups did not join the new political movement. ْاﻧِﻄﻼﻗًﺎ ِﻣﻦ To be based on; to act out of; on the basis of. ُ اﻟﺘﺒﺮ ّ / .ﺑﻤﺴﺘﻠﺰﻣﺎت طﺒﯿّﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻠﺪ اﻟﻔﻘﯿﺮ ّ ّ اﻧﻄﻼﻗًﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘّﻮﺟﯿﮭﺎت رت ع ﺗﻢ ٍ ّ ﻓﻘﺪ،اﻟﺴﺎﻣﯿﺔ ﻟﻸﻣﯿﺮ ِ ﻗﺮ ّ ﺗﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﻌﻮﯾﺾ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﻠﻜﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﯿﺔ اﻷﺧﻼﻗﯿّﺔ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔُ واﻧﻄﻼﻗًﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻠّﺠﻨﺔُ ﺑﺄﻧّﮫ ﯾﻨﺒﻐﻲ أن ِ َ ِ ّ ﻗﻨﺎﻋﺘﮫ ّ ّ ّ ﻟﯿﺤﻤﻲ ﻗﻮي ﺟﯿﺶ ﺑﺤﺎﺟﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺒﻠﺪ اﻟﺤﺎﻛﻢ اﻧﻄﻼﻗًﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺼﺮف / .اﻟﻤﺘﻀﺮرﯾﻦ َ ﺑﺄن ٍ ِ ُ َ ٍ .اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﺤﻮزﺗﻨﺎ ﮭﺎﺋﻲ اﻧﻄﻼﻗًﺎ ﻣﻦ َ ّ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺘﺒﻨﺎ اﻟﺘ/ .ﻧﻔﺴﮫ ّ ّﻘﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻨ ِ 32 ﺣﺮف اﻷﻟﻒ Based on the directives of his excellency the emir, medical supplies were donated to the poor country./The commission recommended that out of moral responsibility, the company should compensate the aggrieved consumers./The ruler acted out of his conviction that the country needed a strong army to defend itself./We wrote the fnal report on the basis of the information we had. َْاﻧﻔَ َﺮَﺟْﺖ أ ﺳﺎرﯾﺮه ُ One’s face lights up. رأت اﻧﻔﺮﺟﺖ أﺳﺎرﯾﺮھﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ/ .اﻟﻮظﯿﻔﺔ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﻋﺮض ﺗﻢ ﻟﻘﺪ اﻧﻔﺮﺟﺖ ُ ُ ّ أﺳﺎرﯾﺮه ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ِ ِ ﱢ ّ ﯾﺘﺠﻮل اﻷطﻔﺎل ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻋﺎدت ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺘُﮭﻢ أﺳﺎرﯾﺮ اﻧﻔﺮﺟﺖ/ .ﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺷﻮارع اﻟﻘﺮﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺎﻋﺰ ُ ّ ٍ ﺑﺤﺮ ِ .اﻟﻤﺤﺒﻮﺑﺔُ ﻣﻦ إﺟﺎزﺗﮭﺎ His face lit up when he got the job offer./Her face lit up when she saw the goats roaming freely in the streets of the village./The faces of the children lit up when their beloved teacher came back from her vacation. ﻌﺎل ُ ﺴَﻤْﺖ ُر َ َْاﻧﻘ ِ اﻷَْﻓ/ دود اﻟﻔِ ْﻌِﻞ To have divided or mixed reactions; to have divided opinions. ّﺣﻮل اﻟﺘ ُ ُ ردود اﻧﻘﺴﻤﺖ/ .ﺒﻌﺎت اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﯾ ِّﺔ ﻟﻠﮭﺠﺮة ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎد أﻓﻌﺎل ردود اﻧﻘﺴﻤﺖ َ ِ ِ ِ ّ أﻓﻌﺎل ،ﺻﺪور اﻟﺘّﻘﺮﯾﺮ اﻧﺘﺒﺎهَ اﻟﻨﺎس أﺛﺎر/ .اﻷﻋﻀﺎء ﻓﯿﻤﺎ ﯾﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮار اﻟﻤﺜﯿﺮ ﻟﻠﺠﺪل ول ُ ِ ِ اﻟﺪ ِ ّ اﻷﻓﻌﺎل ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ اﻟﺤﻀﺮﯾّﺔ ّ ﻋﻠﻰ .واﻟﺮﯾﻔﯿّﺔ ردود اﻧﻘﺴﺎم اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ِ ِ ِ Economists had mixed reactions regarding the economic consequences of immigration./The reactions were mixed among the member states regarding the controversial resolution./The release of the report captured the attention of the public, although reactions were mixed among urban and rural areas. ﺮوف َ اﻟﻤْﻌ َ أَ ْﻧَﻜَﺮ َ / ﻤﯿﻞ َ اﻟﺠ To bite the hand that feeds you; to be ungrateful and thankless; to be in a state of ingratitude. ّ ﺑﺬل / .ﻨﻜﺮ اﻟﺠﻤﯿﻞ وﺗﻨﺘﻘﺪهُ ﺑﮭﺬا اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ُ اﻟﺮ َ ﻟﻘﺪ ِ ُﮭﺪه ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪﺗﻚ ﻓﻼ ﯾﻨﺒﻐﻲ أن ﺗ ِ ﺟﻞ ﻗُﺼﺎرى ُﺟ ّ ” / .اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺲ اﻟﻔﺎﺳﺪ واﻟﻨّﺎﻛﺮ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﯿﻞ ّ إزاﺣﺔ ھﺬا ﻜﺮان ﻧﺤﻦ ﻧُﺤﯿّﻲ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺖ اﻟﺒﺮﻟﻤﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ َ ُإن ﻧ ِ ّ دﻟﯿﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ٌ اﻟﺠﻤﯿﻞ .“ – ﯾﻮھﺎن ﻏﻮﺗﺔ.ُﻨﻜُﺮ اﻟﺠﻤﯿﻞ وﻟﻢ أﻋﺮف،اﻟﻀﻌﻒ ً ِ ﺷﺨﺼﺎ ﻗﻮﯾًﺎ ﻗﻂ ﯾ 33 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases The man went out of his way to help you, so you ought not to bite the hand that feeds you and criticise him like that./We applaud the parliament’s vote to remove this corrupt and ungrateful president./ “Ingratitude is a sign of weakness; I never knew a strong character ungrateful.” – Goethe. اﻷَْﻧﻜﻰ ِﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ What is even worse; and worst of all; worse yet. ّ ُ واﻷﻧﻜﻰ ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ أﻧّﻨﻲ،ﻧﺴﯿﺖ أﺧﺬ اﻷوراق اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﻣﻌﻲ ُ ُ ﻛﻨﺖ ﻣﺘﺄﺧًﺮا ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ وﻗﺪ ﻛﻨﺖ ُ ﻗﺎم/ .ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ اﻟﺨﻄﺄ واﻷﻧﻜﻰ ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ أﻧّﻨﻲ ﺗﺎﺋﮫ وھﺎﺗﻔﻲ،ﺑﺴﺮﻗﺔ ﻣﻔﺎﺗﯿﺢ ﺳﯿﺎرﺗﻲ أﺣﺪھﻢ ِ واﻷﻧﻜﻰ، ﺷﺮﻛﺔُ طﯿﺮان ﺑﻤﺜﻞ ھﺬا اﻟﺤﺠﻢ ﻟﯿﺲ ﻟﺪﯾﮭﺎ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻟﻠﺤﺠﺰ ﻋﺒﺮ اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ/ .ﻟﯿﺲ ﻣﻌﻲ .ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺻﺤﯿﺢ ﺗﺸﺮح ﻣﻮﻗﻔﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ أﻧﮭﺎ ﻻ ُ ٍ I was late for the interview, I had forgotten to take the required paperwork, and worst of all, I discovered I was in the wrong building./Someone stole my car keys, worse yet, I am lost and do not have my phone with me./An airline of this size does not have online booking, and what is even worse is they will not properly explain their position. ُأَ ْھَﺪَر َدَﻣﮫ To forfeit one’s life or blood; to declare a justifable homicide; the loss of tribal protection and blood vengeance when killed. ّ ُأﺻﺪرت اﻟﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺟﺎل اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﻗﺎﻣﻮا / .دم اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ دم ﱢ ِ ِ ِ اﻟﺮ ِ اﻟﺪﯾﻨﯿّﺔُ ﻓﺘﻮى ﺑﺈھﺪار َ ُأھﺪرت اﻟﻌﺸﯿﺮة ّ ﻨﻈﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن وﻣﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻘﺪﯾﻢ إﻟﻰ ”اﻟﮭﻮﻣﻮﺳﺎﻛﺮ“ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧّﮫ اﻟﺮ ﺑﺎﻏﺘﯿﺎل ُ ُ ﻛﺎن ﯾ/ .ﺷﯿﺨﮭﺎ ّ ِ ِ ّ وﻣﮭﺪور ّ َﺷﺨﺺ أن ﯾﻘﺘﻠﮫُ دون أن ﯾﻮاﺟﮫ ّ ﯾﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ ٌ ٌ أي أي اﻟﺪم ﺧﺎرج ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن ﺷﺨﺺ ُ ُ ٍ .ﻋﻘﺎب The religious court issued a fatwa forfeiting the author’s blood./The tribe forfeited the blood of the men who murdered its sheikh./In ancient Roman law, the “homo sacer” was regarded as an outlaw who could be killed by anyone with impunity. 34 ﺣﺮف اﻷﻟﻒ اﻟﺸﱠﺮْﯾِﻦ أَ ْھَﻮُن ﱠ The lesser of two evils. ّ ٌ أھﻮن ﻗﯿﺎدﺗﮫ أن ﺗﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﺒﻠﺪ وﻋﻠﻰ،إﻣﺎ اﻟﺤﺮب اﻷھﻠﯿّﺔ أو اﻟﺘّﻘﺴﯿﻢ َ َ إن ّ ،ﻣﺤﺎﺻﺮ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺧﯿﺎرﯾﻦ ِ ُ أ/ .اﻟﺸﺮﯾﻦ ُ ُ ّ أھﻮن ﻓﺎﺧﺘﺮت اﻟﺒﻘﺎء ﻣﻊ اﻷوﻻد اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺎت اﻹﺿﺎﻓﯿّﺔ وﺑﯿﻦ ﻋﻄﯿﺖ اﻟﺨﯿﺎر ﺑﯿﻦ َ ِ ِ ّ ﻈﺎم ُ ُ ُ ﯾ/ .وﺑﻘﯿﺖ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ّ ﻟﻼﺟﺌﯿﻦ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﯾﺔ ﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﻨّﻈﺮ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺸﺮﯾﻦ ِ ِ ُ ّاﻟﻤﺸﺮوطﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ وﻓّﺮھﺎ اﻟﻨ ّ .اﻟﻤﺘﻄﺮﻓﻮن اﻟﻤﺮوﻋﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ارﺗﻜﺒَﮭﺎ اﻟﺸﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔً ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺮاﺋﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧّﮭﺎ أھﻮن ﱢ ﱢ The country is trapped between two choices: civil war or partition; its leadership should take the lesser of two evils./Given the options of doing overtime and staying with the kids, I chose the lesser of two evils and did overtime./ The conditional protection that was offered by the regime can be regarded as the lesser of two evils for the refugees compared with the horrendous crimes committed by the extremists. ًﺲ ِﺧﯿﻔﺔ َ أَ ْوَﺟ To sense a fear; to dread; to have apprehensions. ْ ّ ُ ّ ﯾﻔﻘﺪ ّ أوﺟﺴﺖ ﺧﯿﻔﺔً ﻣﻦ / .اﻟﺘﻀﺨﻢ اﻟﺴﯿﻄﺮةَ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰي اﻟﺒﻨﻚ وﺑﺪأ ُ َ ﯾﻮﺟﺲ ﺧﯿﻔﺔً ﻣﻦ أن ُ ّ ﻟﻘﺪ أوﺟﺲ/ .اﻗﺘﺮاب اﻟﻌﺎﺻﻔﺔ اﺳﺘﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﱡﻦ ﺧﯿﻔﺔً ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺸﺎھﺪ اﻟﺨﻄﺮ اﻟﻤﺠﮭﻮل وھﻲ ُ اﻟﺮ َ َ ِ ﺟﻞ ِ .اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ اﻟﻮﺑﺎء أﻧﺒﺎء ّ ِ ِ إﻟﻰ The Central Bank started to fear that it will lose control of infation./Watching the storm coming, she sensed a fear of the unknown danger./The old man sensed a fear when he listened to the news about the pandemic. ﯿﺎة ِ أَ ْودى ﺑَِﺤ To claim the life of someone. ُوﻗﺪ أ ّ ف اﻟﻌﺎم اﻟﻤﻘﺒﻞ ُ ﺼﺎد اﻟﺬﻛﺮى ﺳﯿﺮ أودى ﺑﺠﺮوح ﻓﻲ اﻷب ﺻﯿﺐ ُ َ ِ ُ ﺳﺘ/ .ﺑﺤﯿﺎة اﺑﻨﮫ ِ ِ ٍ ﺣﺎدث ٍ ُ اﻟﻤﺪﻣُﺮ اﻟﺬي اﻟﺤﺮﯾﻖ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ وھﻮ ﻟﻮاﺣﺪة ﻣﻦ أﻛﺜﺮ اﻟﺤﺮاﺋﻖ ﻣﺄﺳﺎوﯾﺔً ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺸﺮون ٍ ﱢ ِ .ﺑﺤﯿﺎة اﻟﻤﺌﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص أودى ِ 35 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases The father sustained injuries in a car crash which claimed the life of his son./ Next year will mark the 20th anniversary of one of the most tragic fres in the city’s history, a devastating blaze that claimed the lives of hundreds of people. ﺿْﺮﺑًﺎ َ ُﺳَﻌﮫ َ أَ ْو To beat someone up. ّ ﺷﻮھﺪت ﺷﺮطﺔُ ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ ْ ّ اﻟﻤﺘﻈﺎھﺮﯾﻦ ُ ﻗﺎل/ .اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺿﺮﺑًﺎ أﺣﺪ ﺿﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻊ اﻟﺸﻐﺐ وھﻲ ُ َ ِ ّ أﻋﻄﻨﻲ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﺘﻚ ُ ّ اﻟﻌﺼﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ ﯾَﺮﻗُ ُﺪ/ “.وإﻻ أوﺳﻌﺘﻚ ﺿﺮﺑًﺎ أﻓﺮاد ِ ” :ﻟﻠﻀﺤﯿّﺔ ِ ِ .ﺣﻔﻠﺔ ﻛﺎن ﻓﯿﮭﺎ وﺑﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺣﺮﺟﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ أن أوﺳﻊ ﺿﺮﺑًﺎ ﻓﻲ ٍ ٍ The riot police were seen beating up the anti-government protesters./A member of the gang said to the victim: “Give me your wallet or I will beat you up!”/The boy is now in hospital in critical condition after being beaten up at a party. أوًﻻ ﺑِﺄ َ ﱠول ّ To keep abreast; to keep someone in the loop. ّ / .ﺑﺄول ّ ّ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ إن وﺳﻮف ﻧُﻮاﻓﯿﻜﻢ ﻠﻌﺎ اﻹﺧﺒﺎري ھﻮ ً ّاﻟﻤﻨﺼﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗُﺒﻘﯿﻚ ُﻣﻄ ّ أو ًﻻ ّ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﯿﻞ َ ِ ّ ﺑﮫ ُﻛﻞ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﻟﯿُﻌﻠِﻤﮫ ُ ّ وﻛﺎن اﻟﺴﻜﺮﺗﯿﺮ ﯾﺘ/ .أوًﻻ ﺑﺄول ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﺎﻟَﻢ اﻟﺬي ﯾﺘﻐﯿّﺮ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮار ّ ِ ﺼﻞ ّ وأﺧﺒِﺮﻧﻲ ﺑﺂﺧﺮ اﻟﺘ/ .أوﻻ ﺑﺄول ً ﺑﻤﺠﺮﯾﺎت اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿّﺔ .أوًﻻ ﺑﺄول ّ ﻄﻮرات ِ ِ We will keep you updated as more details come in./The news agency is the platform to keep you abreast of the ever-changing world./His secretary called him every hour to keep him in the loop on what was going on with the operation./Keep me posted on the latest development. (ﺪودة )ات َ ﺎﻣﮫُ َﻣْﻌ ُ ّأَﯾ One’s days are numbered. ّ ّإﻻ،ﻋﻠﻤﻲ رﺻﯿﻦ أن أﯾﺎﻣﮭﺎ ﺑﺎﺗﺖ ﻛﻤﻌﮭﺪ ﺗﺰال اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔُ ﺗﺤﺘﻔﻆُ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ ُﺳﻤﻌﺘِﮭﺎ وﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﻣﺎ ُ ٍ ﱟ ّ / .ﺑﺄن أﯾﺎﻣﮫ ﻣﻌﺪودة اﻟﺘﻔﺖ إﻟﻰ اﺑﻨﺘﮫ واﺑﺘﺴﻢ ّ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺷﻌﺮ/ .ﻣﻌﺪودة ّ أﯾﺎم اﻟﺤﺎﻛﻤﺔ ﻼﻟﺔ ِ ِ اﻟﺴ َ إن ُ .ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻌﺪودة ﻟﻠﺒﻼد ﻗﺪ 36 ﺣﺮف اﻷﻟﻒ While the university still retained much of its reputation as a prestigious scientifc institute, its days are numbered./As he felt his days were numbered, he turned to his daughter and smiled./The days of the dynasty ruling the country may well be numbered. َأﺛﺎر اﻟﻔِ ْﺘﻨَﺔ ْ َ أ/ َأَ ْﯾﻘَﻆ َ / ﺷَﻌَﻞ To stoke strife, animosity, divisions, or discord; to instigate discord; to open the doors of confict; to sow chaos. ﻗﺘﻞ اﻟﺠﻮاﺳﯿﺲ اﻷﺟﺎﻧﺐ أن ﯾﻮﻗﻈﻮا اﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔَ ﻣﻦ ﺤﺎول ُ ُ ُﯾ ٍ ﺧﻼل ﻧﺸﺮ أﻧﺒﺎء ﻛﺎذﺑﺔ ﻋﻦ أﻋﻤﺎل ِ ّ / .اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﻗﯿّﺔ ّ ﻣﻔﺘﺮﺿﺔ / .ﻔﻮﻓﮫ إﯾﻘﺎظ إن ﺗﺴﯿﯿﺲ اﻟﺠﯿﺶ ﺳﯿﺆدي إﻟﻰ ﺿﺪ ُ اﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ ِ ﺻ ِ ِ ِ ّ وﻗﺪ ّ رﺟﻞ ﺗﻢ ھﺆﻻء اﻷﺷﺮار اﻟﺬﯾﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻣﻦ اﺗّﺒﺎع اﻟﺪﯾﻦ ﺣﺬر ُ َ َ ّ / .ﯾﻮﻗﻈﻮن اﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔَ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ِ ّ اﻹﺻﻼح / .ﯿﺎﺳﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﻣﻘﺎﻻت ﺗﺪﻋﻮ إﻟﻰ ﺑﺈﺛﺎرة اﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﻮﺟﯿﮫ اﻻﺗّﮭﺎم ﻟﻠﺼﺤﻔﯿّﺔ ٍ ّ اﻟﺴ ِ ِ .اﻟﻤﻠﻚ اﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔَ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻏﺘﯿﺎل أﯾﻘﻆ ُ ِ The foreign spies are trying to stoke animosity by spreading misinformation about alleged killings of the minority ethnic group./Politicising the military will instigate discord among its ranks./The cleric warned the people not to follow those evil men who incite sedition in society./The female journalist has been charged with inciting sedition in connection with articles calling for political reform in the country./The assassination of the king opened the doors of discord and confict in the kingdom. ْ / ﻘﻮط ﻟﻼﻧِﮭﯿﺎر آﯾِ ٌﻞ ﱡ ِ ﻟﻠﺴ On the verge or brink of collapse; set for collapse. ُ ّ ،آﯾﻞ ﻟﻠﺴﻘﻮط َ / .ﻟﺘﺄﻣﯿﻦ اﻷﻣﻮال اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﺤﺘﺎﺟﮭﺎ ﺑﺎت طﺮق ﯾﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻓﺈن اﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﻣﻊ ٍ ٍ اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ٍ ِ ً اﻟﻌﺎﺻﻤﺔ ّ اﻟﻤﺘﺨﺼﺼﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ ّ ّ ﻈﺎم ﻋﺎﯾﺔ آﯾﻼ ﻟﻠﺴﻘﻮط ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻣﻐﺎدرة اﻟﻌﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺤﻲ ﻓﻲ ّ اﻟﺼ ِ اﻟﺮ ِ ُ ّاﻟﻨ ّ ﻟﻘﺪ/ .اﻟﺼّﺤﯿّﺔ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ ً ﺮﺟﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻌﻈﯿﻢ أﺻﺒﺢ ّ اﻟﺨﺒﺮاء ﻣﻦ ّ .آﯾﻼ ﻟﻼﻧﮭﯿﺎر اﻟﻤ ﺣﺬر ُ ّ ُ أن اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺰ With an economy teetering on the verge of collapse, the country is seeking ways to secure the needed funds./The capital’s healthcare system is set to collapse, as many healthcare specialists are leaving the city./Experts warned that the Great Barrier Reef is on the brink of collapse. 37 ب ﺣﺮف اﻟﺒﺎء ﻮى ً ﺑﺎﺋِ َﻌﺔُ َھ A prostitute; a woman of ill repute. ّ ﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻦ ا ُ ﺪأت اﻟﻌﺪ / .ﻟﺸﻮارع ِ ﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﺋﻌﺎ ِ ت اّﻟﺪﻋﺎرة ﺑ ِ ﻼق ﺑﯿﻮ ِ ت اﻟﮭﻮى ﺑﺎ ِ ﺑﻌﺪ إﻏ ّ ﺻﻔﺖ ا ﺋﻌﺔ ھﻮى ﯾﻘﻮُد ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ و ّ ع اﻟﻌﺎم اﻟﺘﻲ ِ ﺗﻢ ﺧﺼﺨﺼﺘﮭﺎ ﻛﺒﺎ ِ ِ ﻟﺼﺤﯿﻔﺔُ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔَ اﻟﻘﻄﺎ ّ ﻟﺮاﻗﺼﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ أ ّ ﺻﻢ ا ٌ ﺗﺎ ﻧﮭﻦ ﺑﺎﺋﻌﺎت ھﻮى ﻣﻦ ﻗِﺒﻞ ﺷﺮاﺋَﺢ ّ / .ﺟﺮ وﺗُﺒﺎع ﻟﻤﺴﺎھﻤﯿﻦ ُ ﺗﻢ و ّ .ﻣﺤﺪدة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ After closing down the brothels, many prostitutes started working as street prostitutes./The newspaper described the privatised state-owned enterprise as a prostitute pimped by a dealer and sold to shareholders./Female dancers were stigmatised as whores by specifc segments of society. ئ ذي ﺑَ ْﺪٍء َ ﺑﺎد ِ First of all; to begin with; frst and foremost. َ ،ﺑﺎدئ ذي ﺑﺪء / .ﯾﺘﺨﺮﺟﻮن اﻟﯿﻮم ﺟﻤﯿﻊ طﻼّﺑﻨﺎ اﻟﺬﯾﻦ أن أھﻨﺊ، ﺑﺎدئ ذي ﺑﺪء،اﺳﻤﺤﻮا ﻟﻲ َ َ َ ﺗﻮﺛﯿﻖ اﻟﺘﻘﺮﯾﺮ ﺤﺎول / .ﺑﺮاﻏﻤﺎﺗﻲ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﻷﻣﻮر ﻣﻦ ﺗﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺣﺎول أن ُ ُ ُ ﯾ،ﺑﺎدئ ذي ﺑﺪء َ َ ّ ٍ ِ ِ .ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ ﻣﻨﮭﺠﯿ ٍّﺔ ودﻗﯿﻘﺔ اﻷﺣﺪاث ٍ ِ Let me begin by congratulating all our students who are graduating today./ First of all, try to approach things from a pragmatic point of view./To begin with, the report mainly attempts to document the events in a systematic and accurate way. 38 DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-3 ﺣﺮف اﻟﺒﺎء وﻗﺖ ُﻣْﻤِﻜﻦ / ﺳَﺮع ﻣﺎ ﯾُ ْﻤِﻜﻦ ْ َ ﺑِﺄ ٍ As quickly as possible; as soon as possible. ّ / .اﻟﻤﺤﺎدﺛﺎت ﺑﺄﺳﺮع ﻣﺎ ﯾُﻤﻜﻦ ﺑﻼده اﺳﺘﻌﺪاد اﻟﺴﻔﯿﺮ أﻛﺪ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﺎن ﯾﺴﺘﺄﻧﻒ اﻟﻮﺳﻄﺎء أن وﯾﺄﻣﻞ ُ ُ َ َ ُ ِ ِ ِ ﻟﻠﻘﻠﺐ دﻗﯿﻖ ﻓﺤﺺ ﯾﺠﺐ إﺟﺮاء / .اﻹﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﺑﺄﺳﺮع ﻣﺎ ﯾُﻤﻜﻦ إﻋﺎدة إﻋﻤﺎر ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎھﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ُ ِ ِ ِ ِ ٍ ٍ .ﺑﺄﺳﺮع ﻣﺎ ﯾُﻤﻜﻦ The mediators hope that both sides will restart talks as quickly as possible./ The ambassador expressed his country’s readiness to contribute to the reconstruction of the region as soon as possible./A careful cardiac examination should be carried out as soon as possible. ﺑِﺄ ُ ﱢم َﻋْﯿﻨَْﯿِﮫ With one’s own eyes; to see for one’s self; to see frst-hand. ُ ُ ﺻﺪ ّ ﻋﯿﻨﻲ ﻟﻤﺎ رأﯾﺖ ﻟﻘﺪ/ .اﻟﻘﺼﺺ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗُﺮوى ﻋﻨﮭﺎ ﻗﺖ ﺑﺄم َ َ ﻟﻮ ﻟﻢ ّ ّ أر ھﺬه اﻷﺷﺠﺎر اﻟﻌﻤﻼﻗﺔ ْ وﻗﺪ/ .ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﺮ ﺑﺄم ﻋﯿﻨَﯿﮭﺎ ﻛﻢ ﻋﯿﻨﻲ ﻓﺸﻞ َﻣﺪرﺳﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺄم ّ رأت ّ ّ ﻣﺴﺎﻧﺪة اﻟﺘّﻼﻣﯿﺬ اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﺗﻌﺮﺿﻮا ﱡ ِ .ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ ﺟﻤﯿﻠﺔ ِ If I had not seen these giant trees with my own eyes, I could not have believed the stories about them./I saw frst-hand how my school failed to support bullied pupils./She saw for herself how beautiful the city was. َ ﻤﺎم َو ﻤﺎل ِ اﻟﻜ ِ ﺑِﺎﻟﺘﱠ A whole; fully and completely; in full; exactly; to the day/hour/minute. ّ ّ ﻧﺤﺘﻔﻞ ھﺬه اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ اﺳﺘﻤﺮ / .ﻤﺎم واﻟﻜﻤﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ زواﺟﻨﺎ اﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮور ُ ُ َ ً ﺛﻼﺛﯿﻦ ِ ّﻋﺎﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺘ ﻟﻘﺪ/ .ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع ّ وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ ﻟﻢ،ﻟﺨﻤﺴﺔ أﻋﻮام ﺑﺎﻟﺘّﻤﺎم واﻟﻜﻤﺎل ِ ﯾﺘﻢ اﻻﻧﺘﮭﺎء ﻣﻦ ِ ّ ﻤﺎم واﻟﻜﻤﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮاﺋﻨﺎ ﻟﮭﺬه .اﻟﺸﻘﺔ ﻣﻀﻰ ِ ّﻋﺎﻣﺎن ﺑﺎﻟﺘ ِ This year my wife and I are celebrating a whole 30 years together./It has been a continuous work in the project for fully fve years, and still, the hospital is not complete yet./It is two years to the day since we bought this fat. 39 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases ﮭﻮد ْ اﻟﻤ ُ ِﺑ ِ ﺸ َ ﺎﻟﺠْﺮِم To be caught red-handed; in fagrante delicto. ّ ّس ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺮ ِم اﻟﻤﺸﮭﻮد أﺛﻨﺎ َء إﺣﺪى ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت اﻟﺘ ﺟﺐ َ ﺗﻢ ّ ِ ﺑﻤﻮ/ .ﻟﻤﻀﺎد ُ ﺠﺴﺲ ا ِ ﺿﺒﻂُ اﻟﺠﺎﺳﻮ ّ ّ ﻓﺈﻧّﮫ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﻋﺘﻘﺎل،ﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻦ اﻟﻄﻮارئ ﺗﻢ ﺿﺒﻄﮫ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺮِم اﻟﻤﺸﮭﻮد أﺛﻨﺎَء أي ّ ﺷﺨﺺ إذا ﻣﺎ ٍ ﻮن ﺳﺮﻗﺔ دراﺟٍﺔ َ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺿﺒﻄﺘُﮭﻢ ﻣﺘﻠﺒّﺴﯿﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺮِم اﻟﻤﺸﮭﻮد وھﻢ ﯾﺤﺎوﻟ/ .ﺑﮫ ﺟﺮﯾﻤﺔ ﻣﺎ ِ ارﺗﻜﺎ . ﻧﺎرﯾّﺔ The spy was caught red-handed during a counterespionage operation./Under the emergency laws, a person can be apprehended when caught in fagrante delicto of committing a criminal offence./I caught them red-handed, stealing a motorbike. ﺑِ َﺠﱠﺮِة ﻗَﻠَ ٍﻢ At/with a stroke of a pen. ّ ﻋﺪد ﻣﻦ ّ ﺨﺼﯿﺎت اﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﯾّﺔ اﻟﻤﺪاﻧﺔ اﻟﺸ اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺲ وﺑﺠﺮة ﻗﻠﻢ ﻗﺎم ُ ٍ ﻋﻔﻮ ﻋﻦ ِ ِ ٍ اﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮي ﺑﺈﺻﺪار ّ ﺑﺎﻧﺘﮭﺎﻛﺎت ُ ّ ﻗﻠﻢ آﻻف اﻟﻤﻮاطﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻘّﮭﻢ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪ اﻟﻤﺮﺳﻮم ﺟﺮد / .ﺣﻘﻮق اﻹﻧﺴﺎن ﺿﺪ َ ٍ ِ ُ ٍ وﺑﺠﺮة ِ .ﺑﺤﺮﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻼد ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘّﻨﻘّﻞ ٍ With a stroke of a pen, the military council pardoned several military fgures convicted of human rights abuses./At a stroke of a pen, the new decree stripped thousands of citizens of their rights to move freely in the country. ﺬاﻓﯿﺮِه ﺑَِﺤ ِ In something’s entirety; down to the minute details of something. ّ ﯾﺤﺘﺎج ﻣﮭﻨﺪﺳﻮ اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﯿّﺎت إﻟﻰ ﻓﮭﻢ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﯿﻞ ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﺑﺤﺬاﻓﯿﺮھﺎ ﻟﯿﺘﺴﻨّﻰ ﻟﮭﻢ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ ُ ُ ﻟﻘﺪ اﻟﺘﺰﻣﺖ/ .ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ ﻣﻤﺘﺎزة ﻟﮭﺎ وﻣﻦ اﻷھﻤﯿ ِّﺔ/ .ﺑﺤﺬاﻓﯿﺮه إطﻼق اﻟﻨّﺎر وﻗﻒ ﺑﺎﺗﻔﺎق ﺑﻼدﻧﺎ ِ ِ ِ ِ .ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬ ھﺬه اﻟﺨﻄّﺔ ﺑﺤﺬاﻓﯿﺮھﺎ ودون ﺗﺄﺧﯿﺮ ّ ﺑﻤﻜﺎن أن To build excellent software, software engineers need to understand the business down to the minute details./Our country has adhered scrupulously to the ceasefre agreement./It is of utmost importance that this plan is implemented in its entirety and without delay. 40 ﺣﺮف اﻟﺒﺎء اﻟﻮاﺣِﺪ ف َ ِﺑ ِ ِ ﺎﻟﺤْﺮ To the letter; to do something with adherence to every detail; literally. ّ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮف اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ ُوإﻻ ﻓﺈﻧّﻨﺎ ﻧ ّ ﻗﺎل ﺑﺨﺴﺎرة ﺨﺎطﺮ ﯾﺠﺐ اﺗﺒﺎع أواﻣﺮ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﺮ ُ ُ َ وﻗﺪ/ .اﻟﺼﻔﻘﺔ ِ ِ اﺳﺘﺪﻋﺖ / “.اﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﯿﻜﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﯿﻄﺎت ﻠﻮث ﯾﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﯿﻨﺎ أن ُ ” :ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮف اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ َ ّ ّﻧﻮﻗﻒ اﻟﺘ ّ ِ ِ ُﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮف اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ إﻧّﮭﺎ ﺳﺘ ّ .ﺳﺎق واﺣﺪة ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻗﻮف ﻋﻠﻰ ﻌﺎﻗﺒﮭﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻤﺔُ اﻟﻔﺘﯿﺎت وﻗﺎﻟﺖ ِ ِ ٍ The manager’s orders must be followed to the letter, or we risk losing the deal./ He literally said: we need to stop plastic pollution in the oceans./The teacher called the girls and literally said they would be punished by standing on one leg. ُﻀَﻢ َﺣﻘﱠﮫ َ َھ/ ﺲ َ ﺑَ َﺨ To unfairly deny or compromise the right of someone; to withhold what is due to someone; to abuse or not to acknowledge someone’s right. ّ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺨﺲ ﱡ وﺑﺼﻮت اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ أﻋﻠﻦ / .أﺟﺮه ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﯾﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻮظﻒ ﻓﻲ أن ﺣﻖ رب ُ َ ٍ َ َ ِ ِ ِ ّ ْ ّ ﯾﺘﻢ ﺑﺨﺲ ّ ﻋﺎل ﺣﻖ ﺑﺨﺴﺘﮫُ ﺣﻘﮫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ أن اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎت ﻗﺪ ٍ َ ّ ﻣﺎ ﯾﺰال/ .ﻣﺤﺎﻛﻤﺔ ﻋﺎدﻟﺔ ٍ ْ ﻻ ﯾﻨﺒﻐﻲ/ .اﻟﻨّﺴﺎء ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘّﺼﻮﯾﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺒُﻠﺪان اﻟﻔﺮص ﺑﺨﺲ اﻟﻤﻮاطﻨﯿﻦ ﺣﻘّﮭﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻜﺎﻓﺆ ِ ّ / .ظﺮف ﻣﻦ اﻟﻈﺮوف ّ اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ اﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﯿّﺔ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﻊ ّ إن ّ وﺗﺤﺖ ھﻀﻢ ﻟﺤﻘﻮق اﻟﺬﯾﻦ أي أي ٍ ٍ .ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﻘﺪﯾﻤﮭﻢ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺎﻛﻤﺔ ّ The employer has unfairly denied the employee his full wages./The author loudly announced that the authorities unfairly compromised his right to a fair trial./In some countries, women are still deprived of their right to vote./Citizens’ rights to equal opportunities should not be withheld under any circumstances./The judiciary is working to prevent any violation of the rights of those brought to trial. ﺑَ َﺬَل ﻗُﺼﺎرى ُﺟْﮭِﺪِه To do one’s utmost; to try one’s best effort; to leave no stone unturned; to go to great lengths. ُ أﻋﺘﺮف / .ﻛﻞ ﻋﺎم ُ ﻧﺤﻦ ﺼﺪر أرﺑﻌﺔ أﻋﺪاد ﻣﻦ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﯾﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﱢ ِ ُﻧﺒﺬل ﻗُﺼﺎرى ُﺟﮭﺪﻧﺎ ﻟﻨ ُﺗﻨﺺ ﻣﮭﻤﺔ ّ اﻟﻮزن ّ ّ اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ / .اﻟﺰاﺋﺪ أﻧّﻲ ﻟﻢ أﺑﺬل ﻗﺼﺎرى ﺟﮭﺪي ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘّﺨﻠّﺺ ﻣﻦ ِ ْ ﯾﺘﻢ ّ ﺗﮭﺪﯾﺪات اﻷﻣﻦ ﺳﯿﺒﺬﻟﻮن / .ﯿﺒﺮاﻧﻲ اﻟﺴ اﻛﺘﺸﺎف وﻣﻨﻊ ﺑﺬل ﻗﺼﺎرى اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ َ ّ ّ أن ِ ِ .ﻟﻠﻮﺻﻮل ﻷھﺪاﻓﮭﻢ ﻗﺼﺎرى ﺟﮭﺪھﻢ ِ 41 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases We do our utmost to publish four issues of this long-standing journal every year./I admit that I have not done my best to get rid of excess weight./The organisation’s mission states that every effort possible is made to detect and prevent cybersecurity threats./They will leave no stone unturned to reach their goals. ٌﻋﺎﺟﯿﱠﺔ ٌ ُﺑ ِ ﺮوج To live in an ivory tower. ﻻ/ .ﺣﯿﺎة ﺑﺴﯿﻂ ﺑﻨﻤﻂ ﻣﻐﺎدرة أﺑﺮاﺟﮭﻢ اﻟﻌﺎﺟﯿّﺔ واﻟﻌﯿﺶ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﺛﺮﯾﺎء ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ إﻟﻰ ﯾﺸﻌﺮ ُ ُ ٍ ِ ِ .ﻋﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﻨّﺎس ﺑﺮﺟﮫ أﺗﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﺘﻰ ﻧﺰل اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻆُ ﻣﻦ ُ َ ُاﻟﻌﺎﺟﻲ ﻛﻲ ﯾ ّ ﻘﺎﺑﻞ ّ ِ Some rich people feel the need to leave their ivory tower and live a minimalist lifestyle./I cannot remember when the governor has come down from his ivory tower to meet ordinary people. ﺸْﺤِﻤﮫ َوﻟَ ْﺤِﻤِﮫ َ ِﺑ In the fesh; the very same person. ّ ﯾﺎﺿﻲ ُ ّ ًﻣﺆﺧﺮا ﺻﺪﻓﺔ ُﻋﺜﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﻨّﺎدر/ . ﻧﻌﻢ ﺑﺸﺤﻤﮫ وﻟﺤﻤﮫ،اﻟﺸﮭﯿﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺮ واﻟﺘﻘﯿﺖ ً ّ دوﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن/ .اﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻐﺪاد ﺴﻄﺎت ُ َاﻟﺬي ﻟﻢ ﯾ َُﺮ ﺑﺸﺤﻤﮫ وﻟﺤﻤﮫ ﻣﻦ ﻗَﺒﻞ ﻓﻲ إﺣﺪى ﺑ ِ ِ ً اﻟﻤﺴﺆول ّ وﻟﻜﻨّﮫ ﺑﺸﺤﻤﮫ وﻟﺤﻤﮫ،ﯾﺸﺠﺐ اﻟﻔﺴﺎد ﺑﻘﻮة ﻻﺳﺘﻐﻼل اﻟﻨّﻔﻮذ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﻓﻀﯿﺤﺔ ﺗﻮرط ﻓﻲ أﻛﺒﺮ ُ ٍ ِ ّ ﺎم اﻟﻜﺎرﯾﻜﺎﺗﯿﺮ ﺑﺸﺤﻤﮫ وﻟﺤﻤﮫ اﻟﺬي اﺑﺘﻜﺮ ّ ھﺬا ھﻮ/ .اﻟﺒﻼد .اﻟﺸﺨﺼﯿّﺔ اﻟﻜﺎرﺗﻮﻧﯿّﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺒﻮﺑﺔ ُ رﺳ I recently bumped into the famous athlete, yes, in the fesh./The rare book that was never seen in the fesh before was found in a bookstall in Baghdad./The offcial was always decrying corruption, but he in the fesh has been involved in the biggest infuence-peddling scandal in the history of the country./This is the very same cartoonist who created the beloved cartoon character. ﺲ ﺸ ﱢ ِ ِﺑ ِ ُﻖ اﻷَْﻧﻔ With great diffculty; hard-fought; exhaustingly; to barely be able to manage something. ُﺗﻮﺻﻞ ﻗﺎدة ّ ُﺟﻌﻠﺖ اﻟﺠﻠﻄﺔ ّ ّ ﻟﻘﺪ / .ﺑﺸﻖ اﻷﻧﻔﺲ ﻗﺎدر ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﻼم ّإﻻ ﺷﺨﺼﺎ ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﺪﻣﺎﻏﯿّﺔ ﻣﻨﮫ ً ِ ٍ ّ ّ اﻟﻤﺤﺎدﺛﺎت / .اﻟﺼﻌﺒﺔ أﺳﺒﻮع ﻣﻦ اﺗﻔﺎق ﻟﺘﻨﻈﯿﻢ اﻟﺘّﺠﺎرة اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﯿّﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﺸﻖ اﻷﻧﻔﺲ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﺎﻟَﻢ ِ ٍ ٍ ّ .ﺑﺸﻖ اﻷﻧﻔﺲ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻌﺎم اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ أﺻﻠﺤﮭﺎ اﻷﺛﺎث اﻟﻘﺪﯾﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ رؤﯾﺔ اﺑﺘﺴﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ َ ِ ِ ِ َ 42 ﺣﺮف اﻟﺒﺎء The stroke made him unable to speak except with great diffculty./The world leaders reached a hard-fought agreement to regulate world trade after a week of tough talks./He smiled at the sight of the vintage piece of furniture he had exhaustingly repaired over the past year. ﺼَﺪِد َ ِﺑ One about to do something; to face something; regarding. ُ / .اﻟﺤﻘﻮق اﻟﻤﺪﻧﯿّﺔ أزﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﯿﺎدة ﺑﺼﺪد ﻧﺤﻦ إﻋﻼن ﻗﺮارھﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﯿ ِّﺔ ﺑﺼﺪد اﻟﻌﻠﯿﺎ ُ ُاﻟﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ٍ ِ ِ ِ ِ ّ اﻟﺘﻮﻗﯿﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ّ ّﺆدي ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻼد إﻟﻰ اﻟﺘ ّ ُﯾُﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗ ﻧﺰع ﺗﻔﺎھﻢ ﻣﺬﻛﺮة اﻟﻮزﯾﺮ وﻗﺪ رﻓﺾ/ .ﻔﻜﻚ ُ َ ِ ٍ ِ ﺑﺼﺪد .اﻟﺤﺪود ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺳﻼح ِ ِ ِ The Supreme Court is about to announce its decision on the civil rights case./ We are facing a leadership crisis that could cause the country to disintegrate./ The minister refused to sign a memorandum of understanding regarding the demilitarisation of the border between the two countries. ﺼﯿﺺ ِﻣ َﻦ اﻷَ َﻣ ِﻞ ٌ ُ َ ﺑ/ ﺼﯿﺺ أَ َﻣ ٍﻞ َﺑ A glimmer of hope; a glimpse of hope. ﺿﻐﻂ ﻌﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﻦ ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﻌﻘﺎر اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪ ﺗﻌﻄﻲ اﻟﻤﻮاﻓﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ھﺬا ُأﻣﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺿﻰ اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﯾ َ َ ِ ٍ ﺑﺼﯿﺺ ِ ّ ّإﻻ،اﻟﺴﻼم ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻄّﺮﻓﯿﻦ ّ ّ ﻣﺤﺎدﺛﺎت ٌ ﺑﺼﯿﺺ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻣﻞ أن ھﻨﺎك ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻧﮭﯿﺎر/ .اﻟﺪم ِ ّ / .اﻟﺘﻮﺻﻞ إﻟﻰ ھُﺪﻧﺔ ّ ّ إن ّ ﺑﺼﯿﺺ اﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎري ﻟﻠﺸﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﯿّﺔ ﯾﻘﻀﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﻠﻮك ﻓﻲ إﻣﻜﺎﻧﯿ ِّﺔ ِ ّ اﻷﻣﻞ ﻟﺪى ّ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت .اﻟﺼﻐﯿﺮة ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻤﺮار ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﺟﻮد ِ The approval of this new drug gives a glimmer of hope to patients with hypertension./Despite the breakdown of peace talks between the two parties, there is a glimmer of hope that a truce can still be reached./The monopolistic behaviour of the global frm is killing any glimpse of hope for small frms to survive. ﮭﯿﺪ ٍ ﺑَ ْﻌَﺪ ُﺟْﮭٍﺪ َﺟ After/with considerable effort. ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻤﺮأةُ اﻟﻌﺠﻮُز/ .ﺗﮫ اﻟﻄّﺎﺋﺮة ﺑﻨﺠﺎح َ و ٍ ﺑﻌﺪ ُﺟ ّ ﮭﺪ ﺟﮭﯿﺪ ﻗﺎم اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎ ِ ﻧﯿﻜﻲ ﺑﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﺳﯿﺎر ّ ُ وﻟﻢ،ﺗُﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ أٍﻟﻢ ﻓﻲ أﺳﻔﻞ اﻟﻈّﮭﺮ ﺟﮭﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻜﻦ َ / .ﺟﮭﺪ ﺟﮭﯿﺪ َ ﻛﺔ ّإﻻ ٍ ٍ ِ ﺗﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺮ 43 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases ﻛﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﺮض اﻟﺘّﺠﺎرة ُ ﻓﺸﻞ ر،ﺟﮭﯿﺪ ِ ﻮل ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎر ٍ ﺟﻞ اﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺄﺷﯿﺮِة دﺧ .ﻟﻤﻲ ّ اﻟﻌﺎ After a considerable effort, the car mechanic has successfully tested his own fying car./The old woman had pain in her lower back, and only with considerable effort did she manage to move./The businessman failed after a considerable amount of effort to obtain a visa to participate in the international trade show. َ ﻮات وان ِ َﺑَ ْﻌَﺪ ﻓ ِ اﻷ To be too late. ّ وﻧﻌﺮف ّ ﻋﺪد ﻣﺮﺿﻰ ﻟﻢ/ .ﻓﻮات اﻷوان ﺑﻌﺪ ﯾﺘﻢ ﻧﺼﻒ أن ُ َ ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺼﮭﻢ َ ّ اﻟﺴﺮطﺎن ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒًﺎ ِ ِ ْ ّ ﯾﻠﺤﻆ َﺪرك اﻟﻌﺎﻟَُﻢ ﺧﻄﻮرة وﺷﻚ اﻟﺤﺪوث ّإﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ أن اﻷزﻣﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ َ ُ ﻟﻦ ﯾ/ .ﻓﻮات اﻷوان ِ ِ ّاﻟﺘ .ﻓﻮات اﻷوان ﮭﺪﯾﺪات اﻟﺒﯿﺌﯿّﺔ ّإﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ِ ِ We know that almost half of the cancer patients are diagnosed too late./ He did not notice the impending crisis until after it was too late./The world will not realise the seriousness of the environmental threats until it is too late. ﺾ اﻟﻨَﻈَِﺮ َﻋﻦ ﺑِ َﻐ ﱢ Regardless of something; irrespective of something; no matter who/what. ﺑﻐﺾ اﻟﻨّﻈﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻮع ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻌﺎم اﻟﺠﺎري ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻞ ﻣﺠﺮى اﻟﻨّﮭﺮ ﺑﺤﻠﻮل ﱢ ّ وﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻞ أن ِ ُ ﱡ ﺑﻐﺾ اﻟﻨّﻈﺮ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﻌﻤﻼء اﻟﻤﺼﺮف ﺨﺪم ﯾﺘﻢ ﱢ َ ّ اﻻﺗّﻔﺎق اﻟﺬي ِ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﻞ ُ َ ﯾ/ .دول اﻟﺠﻮار ِ إﻟﯿﮫ ﻣﻊ ّ ﻋﻤﻦ ﺳﯿﺘﻮﻟّﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﯿﺔ ّ ﻓﺈن اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺑﻜﻞ ﺗﺄﻛﯿﺪ ﺗُﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ / .ﻋﻦ ﺟﻨﺴﯿّﺎﺗﮭﻢ ﱢ ّ ﺑﻐﺾ اﻟﻨّﻈﺮ .اﻟﻌﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ The river diversion will probably happen by the end of this year, irrespective of the type of agreement reached with the neighbouring countries./The bank serves all customers, regardless of their nationality./No matter who will be in charge, certainly the university is plagued with a multitude of problems. 44 ﺣﺮف اﻟﺒﺎء اﻟﺼْﺒِﺮ غ ﱠ ِ ِﺑ ِ ﻔﺎر Eagerly; impatiently; with bated breath. ّ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ ُ ّ ﯾﻨﺘﻈﺮ ﺑﻔﺎرغ اﻟﻤﺰارﻋﻮن ﺐ ﻓﻲ/ .اﻟﺼﺒﺮ ﺑﺪاﯾﺔَ اﻟﻤﺒﺎراة اﻟﺤﺸﺪ ﻛﺎن ُ ّ ﯾﺘﺮﻗ،اﻟﺸﺘﺎء ُ َ ِ ّ ْ ّ وﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺷﻮﻗﮭﺎ ﺑﻔﺎرغ ّ ﻗﺪوم اﻟﺮﺑﯿﻊ ﺑﻔﺎرغ وﻟﺪھﺎ اﻟﺼﺒﺮ ﺗﺤﺪﺛﺖ / .اﻟﺼﺒﺮ ِ ﻟﺮؤﯾﺔ ِ ٍ َ ّ ﺧﺎرج .اﻟﺴﺠﻦ The crowd was eagerly waiting for the match to begin./In the middle of winter, the farmers yearn impatiently for spring to come./She spoke movingly about her impatient longing to see her son out of prison. َ ﺑِ ُﻜﱢﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﻠَِﻤِﺔ ِﻣْﻦ َﻣْﻌﻨﻰ In every sense of the word. ّ ّ ً ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺻﺪﯾﻘﺔً ﺣﻘﯿﻘﯿّﺔ/ .ﺑﻜﻞ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ّ ٌإن زﻧﺠﺒﺎر ﺟﺰﯾﺮةٌ راﺋﻌﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ِ ّ ٌاﻷﺷﺠﺎر ﺟﺮﯾﻤﺔ ّ / . ﻓﮭﻲ ﻣﺴﺎﻧﺪة وﻣﺨﻠﺼﺔ وﻛﺮﯾﻤﺔ ﺑﻼ ﺣﺪود،ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﺿﺪ اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﺔ ﻗﻄﻊ إن َ ِ ّ .ﺑﻜﻞ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ Zanzibar is an idyllic island in every sense of the word./She was a true friend in every sense of the word, supportive, loyal, and generous without limit./ Cutting trees is a crime against nature in every sense of the word. ﻘﺎﯾﯿﺲ اﻟﻤ ِ َ ﺑُِﻜﱢﻞ By all standards; by all measures. ُﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ زﯾﺎرة ّ ًاﻟﻔﺮﯾﻖ ﻧﺎﺟﺤﺔ اﻻﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎت ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺸﺎرﻛﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﱠﻊ أن/ .ﺑﻜﻞ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﯾﯿﺲ َ ِ ِ ّ ،ﺑﻜﻞ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﯾﯿﺲ ّ إن ﻋﻤﻠﯿّﺔ ّ / .ﺑﻜﻞ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﯾﯿﺲ ّ ًاﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﮭﺬا اﻟﻌﺎم ﺿﺨﻤﺔً وﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯿّﺔ ﺗﺴﯿﺮ اﻟﺴﻼم ُ ّ ّ ﻓﻲ اﻻﺗّﺠﺎه .اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺢ The team’s visit has been successful by all measures./The voter turnout of this year’s general election is expected to be massive and historical, by all standards./By all measures, the peace process is moving in the right direction. 45 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases اﻟﻜﺒَ ِﺮ ِﻋﺘِﯿّﺎ ُ ﺑَﻠَ َﻎ ِﻣَﻦ ِ / اﻟﻌُﻤِﺮ To become decrepit/weakened by old age; to become very elderly; to reach a great age. َ ّ ،اﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﻋﺘﯿّﺎ ”ﻗﺎل: وﺳﺄل زﻛﺮﯾﺎ رﺑﱠﮫ/ .ﻟﻮﺣﺪه ﯾﻤﻮت ﯾﻌﺘﺰل ﻗﺒﯿﻠﺘﮫ ﻛﻲ ﻗﺮر أن ُ ﺑﻌﺪ أن ﺑﻠﻎ ﻣﻦ َ َ ِ ُ / .“ – ﺳﻮرة ﻣﺮﯾﻢ.ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺒﺮ ﻋﺘﯿّﺎ ﻋﺎﻗﺮا وﻗﺪ ﻏﻼم وﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻣﺮأﺗﻲ رب أﻧّﻰ ﯾﻜﻮن ﻟﻲ ً ﱢ ٌ ُ .وﻟﺪه ﯾﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ اﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮار ﻓﻲ ﯾﻌﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ أن ﺑﻠﻎ ُ ُ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﻋﺘﯿّﺎ ﻟﻢ ِ ﻣﻮاﺟﮭﺔ ﺳﻠﻄﺔ ِ When he was weakened by old age, he left the tribe and lived in solitude, to die alone./Zechariah wondered: “My Lord! How can I have a son when my wife is barren, and I have become decrepit with old age?” [Quran 19:7]./The king could not continue defying his son’s power as he became weakened by age. ﺴِﺠُﻢ َﻣَﻊ َ ﺑِﻤﺎ ﯾَ ْﻨ To be in line with something; in accordance with; in keeping with. ً ّ ﺗﻌﻘﯿﺪا ﻣﻦ وﻗﺖ أي اﻟﯿﻮم أﻛﺜﺮ أﺻﺒﺤﺖ واﻗﻊ اﻟﺤﯿﺎة اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﻨﺴﺠﻢ ﻣﻊ ﻋﻠﯿﻨﺎ ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺔ أطﻔﺎﻟﻨﺎ ﺑﻤﺎ ٍ ِ ُ َ ِ ُ ّ ﺗﺘ/ .ﻣﻀﻰ ُﺨﺬ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ّ ّﯾﻨﺴﺠﻢ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘ ﺤﺪﯾﺎت اﻷﻣﻨﯿّﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗُﻮاﺟﮭﮭﺎ إﺟﺮاءات اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﯿّﺔً ﺑﻤﺎ ٍ ُ ُ ﻣﺘﺰاﯾﺪ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺔً ﺧﺎرﺟﯿّﺔً أﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺒﻼد ﺗﺘﺒﻨّﻰ،ﻛﺪوﻟﺔ ﺛﻮرﯾّﺔ ﯾﻨﺴﺠﻢ ﻣﻊ ھُﻮﯾﺘﮭﺎ ﺑﻤﺎ/ .اﻟﺒﻼد ٍ ٍ ُ ٍ / .رادﯾﻜﺎﻟﯿّﺔ .اﺣﺘﯿﺎﺟﺎت اﻟﯿﻮم ﺗﻌﺪﯾﻞ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن ﺑﻤﺎ ﯾﻨﺴﺠﻢ ﻣﻊ وﯾﺠﺐ ُ ُ ِ We must raise our children in line with the realities of life, which are more complex today than ever before./The government is taking extraordinary measures in accordance with the security challenges facing the country./The country is increasingly adopting a more radical foreign policy in line with its identity as a revolutionary state./The law should be amended in keeping with the needs of the present day. إرادﺗِِﮫ َ ﺾ ِ ﺑَِﻤْﺤ To do something of one’s own or free will. ّ ّإﻻ،ﺳﺮ دﯾﻨﯿّﺔ ّ رﻏﻢ أن اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻲ اﺧﺘﺎَر أن َ أن ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﯾﺼﺒﺤﻮن رﺟ ٍ ﺎل دﯾﻦ ﯾﻨﺤﺪرون ﻣﻦ أ ّ ﻠﻄﺔ ﻣﺎﻟﻢ ﯾﻘﺎوﻣﮫ ا ّ ﻟﻦ ﯾﺘﺨﻠّﻰ اﻟﺪﯾﻜﺘﺎﺗﻮر ﻋﻦ ا/ .ﺑﻤﺤﺾ إرادﺗﮫ ﺑﻤﺤﺾ ﻌﺐ ﯾﻦ ُ ﻟﺸ َ ﯾﻜﻮَن ر ِ ﻟﺴ ٍ ﺟﻞ د ِ ِ ُ ُ .ﻗﺴﺮا ﯾﺘﻢ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺗﻠﯿﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﯿﻠﯿﺸﯿﺎت ﯾﻠﺘﺤﻖ ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ/ .إرادﺗِﮫ ُ ً ﯾﻦ َ ﺗﺠﻨﯿﺪ آﺧﺮ ّ ،ﺑﻤﺤﺾ إرادﺗﮭﻢ ِ 46 ﺣﺮف اﻟﺒﺎء Though most people become clerics because they are born into religious families, the mufti became one of his own will./The dictator will not relinquish power unless the people, of their own will, resisted him./While some fghters choose to join the militias out of their free will, others are forcibly conscripted. اﻟﺼْﺪﻓَ ِﺔ ُ ﺾ ِ ﺑَِﻤْﺤ By serendipity; by pure coincidence; purely by chance; by accident. ّ ھﻞ/ .اﻟﺼﺪﻓﺔ ّ ّ أن ﺑﻤﺤﺾ اﻟﻤﮭﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻏﯿّﺮت اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﺣﺼﻠﺖ إن اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﺎت ّ ِ ّ ﺣﺼﻮﻟﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﺤﺾ اﻟﺪرﺟﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻻﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎت ﻋﻨﺪ ارﺗﺪاﺋﻲ رﺑﺎط ﻋﻨﻘﻲ اﻷزرق ھﻮ ُ ّ ﺑﻤﺤﺾ .اﻟﺼﺪﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﻔﻮز ﺑﺎﻟﯿﺎﻧﺼﯿﺐ ُ ﻣﻦ/ ﺻﺪﻓﺔ؟ ِ Pure serendipity made many important discoveries that changed the world./Is it a pure coincidence that I always get the best grades in exams when I wear my blue tie?/Winning the lottery can occur due to pure chance. ﻓﻜﺎر ُ َﺑ ِ َﻨﺎت أ Brainchild of someone. ّ أن اﻟﻤﻮﺳﯿﻘﻰ ّ اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻦ اﻟﺬي ﻛﺎن ﯾﺮى ﺑﻨﺎت أﻓﻜﺎر ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻷﻏﻨﯿﺔُ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﺮﻗﯿﺔ ﯾﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻟﮭﺎ أن ﱢ ِ ً ﺗﺴﯿﺮ اﻟﻌﯿﻮن ﺑﻨﺎت أﻓﻜﺎر وھﺬا اﻟﻌﻼج اﻟﻤﺒﺘﻜﺮ ھﻮ ﻣﻦ/ .ﯾﺪا ﺑﯿﺪ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺜﺔ ُ ﻋﯿﺎدة ِ ِ ّ / .اﻟﻤﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗُﻌﺎﻟﺞ اﻟﻤﺮﺿﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ أﻧﺤﺎء اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ّ إن ﺑﻨﺎت أﻓﻜﺎر اﻟﺒﺮوﻓﺴﻮر اﻟﺘﻲ ّ اﻟﺮوﺑﻮﺗﺎت ّ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻄﻮﯾﺮھﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺘﻨﺎ ّ ﺗﻘﺪم أﺣﺪث اﻟﺘﻘﻨﯿّﺎت ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎل .اﻟﺪﻗﯿﻘﺔ ّ The song was the brainchild of the composer who saw modern technology and Oriental music going hand in hand./The innovative treatment is the brainchild of the specialist eye clinic that is helping patients from across the district./The professor’s brainchild developed at our university offers the latest advance in microrobotics. ﺖ اﻟﻘَﺼﯿﺪ ُ ﺑَْﯿ The gist of something; the bottom line; the whole point behind something. ُ ﯾﺮﯾﺪون أن / .اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎت اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿّﺔ ﺑﯿﺖ اﻟﻘﺼﯿﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮة اﻟﯿﻮم ھﻮ أھﻤﯿﺔُ اﻷﺳﺮة ﻓﻲ َ ِ ُ ﻋﺪد ﻣﻦ اﻷﺻﻮات وھﻨﺎ ّ / .ﺑﯿﺖ اﻟﻘﺼﯿﺪ َ إن ﺑﯿﺖ اﻟﻘﺼﯿﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺤﺜِﻨﺎ ھﻮ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﺎ ٍ ﯾﻜﺴﺒﻮا أﻛﺒﺮ .إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻨّﺎس ﻋﻘﻼﻧﯿّﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ اﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺘﮭﻢ ﻟﻸﺧﺒﺎر 47 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases The gist of today’s lecture is the importance of family in Arab societies./They want to win the highest number of votes, and that’s the bottom line./The whole point behind our research was to see if people are rational in their response to the news. ﺑَْﯿَﺪ أَ ﱠن But; nevertheless; nonetheless; however; yet; still. ً ّ ﺑﯿﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺤﯿﺎةُ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﺎرج/ .ﺟﻤﺎﻻ أن اﻟﺒﻨﺪﻗﯿﺔ أﻛﺜﺮھﺎ ﻓﻲ أوروﺑﺎ ُ َ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺪن اﻟﺠﻤﯿﻠﺔ ّ / .ﺑﻌﯿﺪا ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺘﻲ ً أﺗﺼﻮر أن أﺣﯿﺎ ﺑﻘﯿﺔَ ﻋﻤﺮي ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ اﻻﺿﻄﺮاﺑﺎت إن ﺑﯿﺪ أﻧّﻲ ﻻ َ ،ًراﺋﻌﺔ ّ َ ّ ﺑﯿﺪ ً ّ ﺑﯿﺪ أن ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮاﺗﮭﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻤﯿﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺳﯿّﺔ ﻛﺎن َ / .اﻟﺒﻼد ﺑﺄﻛﻤﻠﮭﺎ َ ،ﻣﺤﺪودا ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﺻﻤﺔ ِ .اﻟﺤﺴﺒﺎن ُ أﻧّﮫ ﯾﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ آﺧﺮ ﯾﺠﺐ أﺧﺬه ﻓﻲ There are many beautiful cities in Europe, but Venice is the most beautiful./ Living abroad was great; nonetheless, I could not imagine spending the rest of my life away from my family./The impact of the political disturbances was limited in the capital; nevertheless, it had a profound effect on the whole country./There is, however, another factor to bear in mind. ﺑَْﯿَﻦ اﻟﻔﯿﻨَِﺔ َواﻷُْﺧﺮى Every now and then/again; from time to time; ever and anon. ُ ّ ّ ﻗﺼﺺ اﻟﺤﯿﺎة ﱡ اﻟﺒﻨﻚ ﯾﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻗﺪ/ .اﻟﻔﯿﻨﺔ واﻷﺧﺮى اﻟﺴﺮﯾّﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻈّﮭﻮر ﺑﯿﻦ وﺗﺴﺘﻤﺮ ُ ِ ّ ّاﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰي ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘ ّ ﻹﺑﻘﺎء اﻟﻌﻤﻠﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ ّ وﻧﺘﻠﻘّﻰ/ .اﻟﺴﯿﻄﺮة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘّﻘﻠّﺒﺎت اﻟﻔﯿﻨﺔ واﻷﺧﺮى ﺪﺧﻞ ﺑﯿﻦ ِ ِ ً .اﺗﺤﺎد أﻣﻨﺎء اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺎت ﺑﺮﯾﺪا إﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﯿًّﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﯿﻨﺔ واﻷﺧﺮى ﺑﯿﻦ ِ ِ Stories about the secret life of the actress keep popping up every now and then./The Central Bank may continue to step in from time to time to keep the currency volatility in check./Every now and again, we get an e-mail from the consortium of librarians. ﺿﺤﺎھﺎ ُ ﺸﯿﱠ ٍﺔ َو ِ َﻋ/ ﺑَ ْﯿَﻦ ﻟَ ْﯿﻠَ ٍﺔ To take place overnight, rapidly, or suddenly. َ ّ ،اﺳﺘﻘﺮار اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ُ ﯾﺤﺪث ﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﺘّﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻟﻦ ﻣﺴﺒﻮﻗﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﺎت ﻏﯿﺮ اﻧﮭﯿﺎر اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﺳﯿﺘﺮك ُ ٍ ٍ ِ ّ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت ّ ظﺮوف اﻟﺘّﻤﯿﯿﺰ اﻟﻤﻤﻨﮭﺞ ُ دة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺸﺮ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺿﺪ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻨﺸﺄ/ .وﺿﺤﺎھﺎ ُ ﻟﯿﻠﺔ ٍ ﻣﺤﺪ ٍ ٍ ﺑﯿﻦ 48 ﺣﺮف اﻟﺒﺎء ُ ﺷﺨﺺ اﻟﻌﻨﯿﻒ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﺮم ﯾﺘﺤﻮل ﻻ ﯾُﻤﻜﻦ أن/ .وﺿﺤﺎھﺎ ُ ﻟﯿﻠﺔ ُ ﻟﯿﻠﺔ ّ ٍ وﺿﺤﺎھﺎ وﻟﻦ ﺗَﻨﺘﮭﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ ٍ ُ ٍ .وﺿﺤﺎھﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻢ ُ ﻟﯿﻠﺔ ٍ وﻧﺒﯿﻞ ﺑﯿﻦ ٍ ٍ The collapse of the regime will have unprecedented consequences on the region’s stability, but the effect will not take place overnight./The conditions for systematic discrimination against specifc groups of people did not start overnight, and it will not end overnight./A violent criminal does not transform overnight into a peaceful gentleman. 49 ت ﺣﺮف اﻟﺘﺎء ﺗﺎرة َ ﺗﺎرةً َو َ Alternating; sometimes; at times. ًاﻟﻤﺮاھﻘﻮن ﺗﺎرة ّ ّ وﻛﺒﺎﻟﻐﯿﻦ ﻛﺄطﻔﺎل ﯾﺘﺼﺮف / .اﻟﯿﻤﯿﻦ وﺗﺎرةً إﻟﻰ اﻟﯿﺴﺎر ﯾﺘﺤﺮك اﻟﺒﻨﺪول ﺗﺎرةً إﻟﻰ َ َ ٍ ِ ُ ﻣﺘﺤﻤﺴﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮوع اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪ وﺗﺎرةً أﺧﺮى ُ ً ﺗﺎرة/ .ﺗﺎرةً أﺧﺮى .ﻣﻜﺘﺮث ﻟﮫ ﻏﯿﺮ ﺗﺠﺪه ً ٍ َ ﺗﺠﺪه The pendulum swings alternately to the left and the right. / Teenagers behave like children and like adults at other times. / One minute he is enthusiastic about the new project, and the next minute he acts like he does not care about it. َﺒﺎدَر إﻟﻰ ِذْھﻨِِﮫ َ ﺗ To occur (thought) to someone. ّ ﻟﻢ ﯾﺘﺒﺎدر إﻟﻰ ذھﻨﻲ ﻗﻂ/ .ﻣﻌﻘﻮﻻ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﺎح ﻓﻲ ﺣﯿﺎﺗﻲ ً ُ ّﯾﺘﺒﺎدر إﻟﻰ ذھﻨﻲ أﻧّﻨﻲ ﺣﻘ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى ﻘﺖ ُ ً ً ّ ھﻞ ﺗﺒﺎدر إﻟﻰ ذھﻨِﮭﺎ/ .ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻛﺎذﺑﺔ ّ أن اﻷﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﻔﻨﯿّﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺤﺘﺮﻣﺎ ﻗﺪ ﯾُﻌﻄﻲ ﻣﺴﺆوﻻ أن ٍ ً رأﺗﮭﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﮭﺎ أﯾﺪي ﻓﻨﺎﻧﯿﻦ ﻣﻜﻔﻮﻓﯿﻦ؟ It occurs to me that I have achieved a decent level of success in my life./It never occurred to me that a respectable offcial would give false information./ Has it occurred to her that the art she saw done was by blind artists? َ َﺗ ﺪﯾﺚ َ ب أَ ْط َ ﺮاف َ ﺠﺎذ ِ اﻟﺤ To converse, talk, or chat with someone. ُ ُ ﯾﺴﺘﻐﺮق ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻗﺪﯾﻢ ﻛﺎن أﺗﺠﺎذب أطﺮاف اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺚ ﻣﻊ ﻛﻨﺖ ﻟﯿﻠﺔ أﻣﺲ ُ ٍ ﺻﺪﯾﻖ ٍ اﻟﻤﺮء ﻣﻊ وﺗﺠﺎذﺑﻨﺎ أطﺮاف اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺚ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻛﻤﺎ ﯾﻔﻌﻞ/ .طﯿﺸﮫ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺒﺎﺑﮫ ذﻛﺮﯾﺎت ُ ِ ِ 50 DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-4 ﺣﺮف اﻟﺘﺎء ّ ّ ﻄﻮِر ﻣﻊ اﺳﺘﻤﺮاره ﺑﺘﺠﺎذب أطﺮاف ﻟﻘﺪ/ .ار واﻟﻀﯿﻮف ّ ّاﺳﺘﻤﺮت ﻗﺪراﺗﮫُ اﻟﻠّﻐﻮﯾّﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘ ِ اﻟﺰّو ّ اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺚ ﻣﻊ .اﻟﺴّﻜﺎن اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿﯿﻦ Last night I was talking to an old friend who was reminiscing about the pranks of his youth./We chatted for a while, as one does with visitors./His language skills developed as he continued to converse with the locals. اﻟﻤﱠﺮ ُ ﺗََﺠﱠﺮَع A bitter pill to swallow. ّ / .1919 اﻟﻤﺮ وذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺗﻮﻗﯿﻌﮭﺎ اﺗﻔﺎﻗﯿﺔ ﻓﺮﺳﺎي ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم ّ ﺗﺠﺮﻋﺖ أﻟﻤﺎﻧﯿﺎ ّ اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺲ ﺗﺠﺮع ُ ّ / .ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﺠﯿﺶ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻨﺼﺒﮫ ّ ﺑﻤﺜﺎﺑﺔ ّ اﻟﻤﺮ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﱠ ﺗﺠﺮع إن اﻟﮭﺰﯾﻤﺔَ ﻓﻲ اﻻﺳﺘﻔﺘﺎء ﺗﻨﺤﻰ ﺗﺤﺖ ِ ِ ّ ّ اﻟﻤﺮ ﻟﻔﺘﺮة ﻏﯿﺮ ﱠ ّ .ﻣﺤﺪدة ﺳﯿﺆﺧﺮ اﺳﺘﻘﻼل اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻷن ذﻟﻚ ٍ Germany had swallowed a bitter pill by signing the treaty of Versailles in 1919./The president swallowed a bitter pill by stepping down under the pressure of the military./The referendum defeat is a bitter pill to swallow because it will suspend the independence of the region for an unspecifed period. ﻨﺎء ﺗََﺠ ﱠ َ ﺸَﻢ َﻋ To bear the burden of something; to take the trouble. ّ / .ﻟﺘﺠﺸﻤﻚ ﻋﻨﺎء ﻗﺮاءة ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻲ واﻟﺘّﻌﻠﯿﻖ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ّ ّ ّ ُإﻧّﻨﻲ أ ّ ﺗﺠﺸﻢ اﻟﻌﻨﺎء اﻟﻤﺴﻦ ﺟﻞ ﻗﺪم ﻟﻚ اﻣﺘﻨﺎﻧﻲ ُ اﻟﺮ َ ّ ّ ﯾﺘﺠﺸﻢ ﻣﻮظﻔﻮ اﻟﻘﻄﺎع ّ ﺷﮭﺎدة اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮراه ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼّﺤّﻲ / .ّﺎت ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﺮه ﯾﺤﺼَﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻲ ُ ِ اﻟﺴﺘﯿﻨﯿ ِ .إﻧﻘﺎذ ﺣﯿﺎة اﻟﻨّﺎس ِ ﻋﻨﺎء I am very grateful to you for taking the trouble to read and comment on my book./The old man undertook the trouble to gain his PhD in his 60s./The health workers bear the burden of responsibility to save people’s lives. ﺴِﮫ ِ ﺤﺎﻣَﻞ َﻋﻠﻰ ﻧَ ْﻔ َ َﺗ To force or push oneself to do something with pain, or extreme discomfort. ّ ﻗﺪﻣﯿﮫ ﻛﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ/ .ﺐ ﺑﻀﯿﻮﻓﮫ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺿﻌﻔﮫ ﻓﻘﺪ َ ﯾﺮﺣ َ ِ ﺗﺤﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ َ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ واﻗﻔًﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺄﺻﺎﺑﻊ َ ِ ﻣﻦ إﺻﺎﺑﺎﺗﮭﺎ اﻟﺒﻠﯿﻐﺔ ّإﻻ أﻧّﮭﺎ ﺗﺤﺎﻣﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ِ وﺑ/ .ﻧﻔﺴﮭﺎ وﺻﺮﺧﺖ طﻠﺒًﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة .وﻛﺘﺐ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺗِﮫ اﻷﺧﯿﺮة ﻧﻔﺴﮫ ،ﻣﺮﺗﺠﻔﺔ ٍ َ َ ِ ﺗﺤﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ 51 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases In spite of his weakness, he forced himself to his feet to welcome his guests./ Though she had life-threatening injuries, she pushed herself to shout, asking for help./With trembling fngers, he forced himself to put pen to paper and wrote his fnal words. َ ﺳْﻠ ﻄِﺔ َ ﺗَْﺤ ُ / إﻣَﺮِة ْ ﺖ Under the command or authority or direction of someone. ّ / .اﻟﻘﻮات اﻟﻤﺴﻠّﺤﺔ ّ ﯾﺠﺐ أن اﺗﻔﺎﻗﯿﺎت ﻣﻊ اﻟﺒُﻠﺪان اﻷﺟﻨﺒﯿّﺔ إﺑﺮام أﯾِّﺔ إن اﻟﻤﻘﺮ ﺗﺤﺖ ﯾﻌﻤﻞ ُ ُ ّ إﻣﺮة ٍ ِ َ ّاﻟﺮﺋﯿﺲ اﻟﺘ ّ ﺳﻠﻄﺔ ّ ّ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﺮ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪ ﺗﺤﺖ إﻣﺮة .اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﻨﻔﯿﺬي ﺳﯿﻌﻤﻞ / .اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ ﯾﻜﻮن ﺗﺤﺖ ُ ُ َ ّ ِ The headquarters operates under the command of the armed forces./Entering into agreements with foreign countries should fall under the authority of the state./The new manager will be working under the directions of the current CEO. رﯾﻌِﺔ َ ﺗ َْﺤ َ ﺖ َذ Under the pretext of. ّ ذرﯾﻌﺔ أﻓﻌﺎﻟﮫ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻣﺤﺎوﻻت اﻟﻨّﻈﺎم ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺮ ﻧُﺪﯾﻦ / .ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ اﻹرھﺎب ﻓﺎع ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨّﻔﺲ أو ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ اﻟﺪ ّ ّ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺗﺤﺖ/ .اﻟﺤﻀﺮي ﺑﺘﮭﺠﯿﺮ اﻟﺒﺪو ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ذرﯾﻌﺔ اﻟﺘّﻄﻮﯾﺮ اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿّﺔ وﺗﺤﺖ ِ ِ ّ ﺣﻤﻠﺔ ّ رﺟﻞ اﻟﺪﯾﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﱢ ﺿﺪ اﻟﻨّﺸﺎطﺎت اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿّﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻄﺔ ﺷﻦ أﻗﺪم،ذرﯾﻌﺔ ﺗﻄﻮﯾﺮ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ُ ٍ ِ .اﻟﺠﻨﺴﯿﻦ ﺑﯿﻦ َ We condemn attempts by the regime to justify its action under the pretext of self-defense or counting terrorism./The local authorities, under the pretext of urban development, have displaced the Bedouins from the area./Under the pretext of improving society, the religious leader has launched a campaign against mixed-gender activities. ﺣﺎﺻٍﻞ ﺼﯿﻞ ِ ُ ﺗَْﺤ A foregone conclusion. ّ ﯾﺒﺪو ّ / .ﻣﺸﺎرﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺎرﺿﺔ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻻﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎت ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻋﺪم أن إن َ ِ إﻧّﮫ ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻞ/ .أﻏﻠﺐ اﻟﺒُﻠﺪان اﻹﺳﻼﻣﯿّﺔ ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻊ اﻷﻛﻞ ﻋﻼﻧﯿﺔً ﻓﻲ رﻣﻀﺎن ھﻮ ُ ِ .وزﯾﺮا ﻟﻠﻌﺪل ﯾﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﻤﻮاﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ً ّ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ أن 52 ﺣﺮف اﻟﺘﺎء It seems that the election results were a foregone conclusion because the opposition did not participate./It is a foregone conclusion that eating in public is prohibited in Ramadan in many Islamic countries./Selecting the pro-government judge to be the minister of justice has become a forgone conclusion. ص َ ﺗ ََﺤﯿﱠ َﻦ اﻟﻔُ َﺮ To await the opportunity; to exploit or seize the opportunities, chance, or circumstances. َاﻟﺼﻘﺮ اﻟﻔﺮﺻﺔ ّ ﯾﺘﺤﯿ ُّﻦ ﻨﻮن اﻟﻔﺮص ﻛﻲ َ ّ وﻛﺎن اﻟﺠﻮاﺳﯿﺲ ﯾﺘﺤﯿ/ .ﻟﻼﻧﻘﻀﺎض ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺮﯾﺴﺘﮫ ِ ّ ﺗﺤﯿّﻨﺖ/ .اﻟﺴﺮﯾﺔ ّ ﺎت ّ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ أراض ﻓﻲ ﻟﺸﺮاء اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔُ اﻟﻌﻘﺎرﯾّﺔُ اﻟﻔﺮص ِ ِ ّﯾﺤﺼﻠﻮا ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻠﻔ ٍ ّ ھﺬا اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ .اﻟﺠﺬاب The falcon is seeking the opportunity to swoop down on its prey./The spies were awaiting the opportunity to get their hands on the company’s secret fles./The real estate company has exploited the opportunity to purchase land in this attractive location. ﺐ َ ﺗ ََﺨﻠﱠ ﺤﺎق ﱠ ﻒ َﻋِﻦ ﱠ ِ ﺑﺎﻟﺮْﻛ ِ اﻟﺮْﻛ ِ اﻟﻠﱠ/ ﺐ To lag behind; to be left behind. ّ / .ﻠﺪان اﻷﺧﺮى ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘّﻌﻠﯿﻢ ّ رﺋﯿﺲ اﻟﻮزراء إن اﻋﺘﺮف ُ َ ِ ُﺤﺎق ﺑﺮﻛﺐ اﻟﺒ ِ ّﺑﺄن ﺑﻠﺪه ﻗﺪ ﺗﺨﻠّﻒ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻠ ًﻣﻌﺮﺿﺔ ُ ّ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﺔ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﺘﺰاﯾﺪ ﻟﻤﺨﺎطﺮ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﯿﺠﯿﺎت ﺗﺴﻮﯾﻘﯿّﺔً ﻏﯿﺮ ﺗﻤﺘﻠﻚ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ٍ ٍ ٍ ِ ٍ ّ اﻟﺘﺨﻠّﻒ ﻋﻦ رﻛﺐ ُ ﺤﺎق اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﻓﻲ وﺗﺨﻠّﻒ/ .ﺮﻛﺎت اﻷﺧﺮى اﻟﺸ ِ ِ ّاﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ اﻟﺮﯾﻔﯿ ِّﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻠ ِ ﺑﺮﻛﺐ .اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺪن ِ The prime minister acknowledged his country lagged behind other countries in education./Companies with dysfunctional marketing strategies are at increased risk of being left behind./The economy in rural areas has lagged behind urban areas. ش ِ ﺗ ََﺮﺑﱠ َﻊ َﻋﻠﻰ َﻋْﺮ To reign the world of; to ascend the throne; to sit on the throne. ﺗﺮﺑّﻊ آﯾﻨﺸﺘﺎﯾﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ/ .ﻧﺼﻒ ﻗﺮن اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﻨﺎء ﻋﺮش ﺗﺮﺑّﻌﺖ ّأم ﻛﻠﺜﻮم ﻋﻠﻰ ّ ِ ِ ِ ّ ﯾﺘﻨﺎﻓﺲ ﻣﺼﻨّﻌﻮ ﯿﺎرات ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺮﺑّﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴ / .ﻧﺸﺮه ﻧﻈﺮﯾّﺘﮫ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﯿّﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ُ َ ﻋﺮش اﻟﻔﯿﺰﯾﺎء ِ ِ ِ .ﺳﻮق اﻟﻌﺠﻼت اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿّﺔ ﻋﺮش ِ ِ 53 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases Umm Kulthum reigned the world of Arabic music for over half a century./After publishing his theory of relativity, Einstein reigned the world of physics./Car manufacturers are competing to reign in the world of the electric vehicles market. ﻮادِه َ ﺗ ََﺮﱠﺟَﻞ َﻋْﻦ ِ ﺻْﮭَﻮِة َﺟ To honourably die or be killed; to dismount from a horse; to honourably retire, depart, or step out of a position. ُﺗﺮﺟَﻞ اﻟﺨﻄّﺎط ّ ﻣﺴﯿﺮﺗﮫ اﻟﻤﮭﻨﯿّﺔ روة ﺻﮭﻮة اﻟﻌﺮاﻗﻲ ھﺎﺷﻢ اﻟﺒﻐﺪادي ﻋﻦ ّ ِ ِ ﺟﻮاده وھﻮ ﻓﻲ ُذ ِ ِ ّ / .ﺮاز اﻷول ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﻌﺸﺮﯾﻦ ﺣﯿﺎة اﻟﺰﻋﯿﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺻﮭﻮة ﺟﻮاده ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﺮﺟﻞ ٍ ُ ِ ّﺧﻄﺎطًﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄ ّ وﻗﺪ/ .ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺐ ﻟﺸﻌﺒﮫ ووطﻨﮫ ّ ﻛﻌﻤﯿﺪ ﻟﻜﻠﯿ ِّﺔ ﺗﺮﺟﻞ اﻟﺒﺮوﻓﺴﻮر ﻋﻦ ﺻﮭﻮة ﺟﻮاده ﻣﻠﯿﺌﺔ طﻮﯾﻠﺔ ٍ ٍ ٍ .اﻟﺤﻘﻮق ُ The Iraqi calligrapher Hashim Al-Baghdadi died at the peak of his career as the most distinguished Arabic calligrapher of the 20th century./The leader respectfully died after a long life full of love for his people and country./The professor has honourably departed his position as the dean of the law school. ُﺗﯿﺮة َ َ ﺗ/ ﺴﺎر َﻋ ْﺖ َ َﺗ َ ﺼﺎﻋ َﺪ ْت َو To gather pace; to accelerate; to escalate. ُاﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﯿﻮﻣﯿّﺔُ ﻟﻠﻮﺑﺎء ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔً ﻓﻲ ﺣﯿﻦ ﺗﺴﺎرﻋﺖ وﺗﯿﺮة ُ اﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎت ﻓﻲ أﻓﺮﯾﻘﯿﺎ وأﻣﺮﯾﻜﺎ ﺑﻘﯿﺖ ِ ِ ً ّ وﻣﻊ ﺗﺼﺎﻋﺪ وﺗﯿﺮة اﻟﮭﺠﻤﺎت اﻟﺼﺎروﺧﯿّﺔ/ .اﻟﻼﺗﯿﻨﯿّﺔ اﻟﮭﺠﻤﺎت اﻟﺠﻮﯾِّﺔ اﻟﺠﯿﺶ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻦ ُ ِ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻊ أن ﺗﺘﺴﺎرع وﺗﯿﺮة اﻟﺘّ ﱡ ّ ﻀﺨﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎم اﻟﻤﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﻤﺎ ﺳﯿﺰﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ وﻣﻦ/ .واﻟﻤﺪﻓﻌﯿّﺔ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ّ .ﻋﻠﻰ أﺳﻌﺎر اﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪة New daily cases have remained low, whereas the pandemic has gathered pace in Africa and Latin America./As the rocket attacks escalated, the army launched a series of air and artillery attacks./Infation is expected to accelerate next year, adding further pressure on interest rates. اﻟﺴْﻠﻄَِﺔ َ َﺴﻠﱠ َﻢ َﻣ ﱡ/ اﻟﺤْﻜِﻢ ُ ﻘﺎﻟﯿﺪ َ ﺗ To take reins of power; to take over the power or offce; to inaugurate; to take charge. 54 ﺣﺮف اﻟﺘﺎء ُ و ﻣﺎ إن ﺗﺴﻠّﻢ ا طﻖ ا ﻟﻤﺠﺎ و ر ِة ﻋﻠﻦ َ ﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻣﻘﺎ ﻟﯿﺪ اﻷﻣﻮر ﻓﻲ ا ﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ أ ّ ِ ﺿﻢ ا ﻟﻤﻨﺎ ﺗﺴﻠّﻤﺖ/ . ﻟﯿﺪ ا ﻟﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ا ﻟﻌﺎ م ا ﻟﻤﺎ ﺿﻲ َ ﻤﺖ ا ﻟﺮ ﺋﯿﺴﺔُ ا ﻟﺠﺪ ﯾﺪ ةُ ﻣﻘﺎ ِ ّ ﺗﺴﻠ/ . إ ﻟﻰ ﻣﻤﻠﻜﺘﮫ ٌ ﺣﻜﻮ ﻣﺔٌ ﻣﻌﺘﺮ ّ ﻟﯿﺪ ا ب ﻋﺴﻜﺮ ﱞ ٌ ﺑﻌﺪ أن أطﺎح ا ﻧﻘﻼ ي ﺑﺎ ﻟﺪ ﯾﻜﺘﺎ ﺗﻮ ر َ ﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ َ ف ﺑﮭﺎ دوﻟﯿًﺎ ﻣﻘﺎ ّ ا . ﻟﺴﺎ ﺑﻖ As soon as the king took the reins of the kingdom, he announced annexing the neighbouring territories to his kingdom./The new female president was inaugurated last year./An internationally accepted government took offce after a military coup ousted the former dictator. َُﺴﻨّﻰ ﻟَﮫ َ ﺗ To be able to do something; to have the opportunity or the chance; to get to do something. ّ ّﺎﺟﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘ ﺴﺮب ﻟﺘﻐﻄﯿﺔ ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ ﻣﻮارد ﻣﺎﻟﯿّﺔ ﻛﺎﻓﯿﺔ ﻔﻂ ﻟﻦ ﯾﺘﺴﻨﱠﻰ َ ِ ّاﻷﺿﺮار اﻟﻨ ِ ِ ّﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻨ ِ ِ ّ اﻟﻜﺮة ﱠ ﻟﻢ/ .اﻟﻤﺠﺮدة ﺑﺎﻟﻌﯿﻦ ﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺸﺎھﺪةَ اﻟﻤﺬﻧّﺐ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺳﯿﺘﺴﻨّﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻗﺒﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ/ .ﻔﻄﻲ ّ اﻟﺸ ّ ّاﻟﻨ ِ ِ ِ ﱠ .ﯾﺨﺘﮫ ﻣﺒﺤﺮا ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺮﺟﻞ اﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﻷﻧّﮫ ﻗﻀﻰ اﻟﯿﻮم أﻟﺘﻘﻲ ﯾﺘﺴﻦ ﻟﻲ أن ً ِ ِ َ The oil company will not be able to secure enough fnancial resources to cover the damages incurred by the oil spill./Observers in the Northern Hemisphere will have the chance to see the comet in their night sky with their naked eye./I did not get to meet the businessman, for he was sailing in his yacht for the day. ﺟﻮﻋﺎ َﻀﱠﻮَر ً َ ﺗ To suffer from hunger; to starve. ّ ّ اﻷﻣﻢ اﻟﻤﺘّﺤﺪةُ ﻣﻦ ً وﻗﺪ/ .ﺟﻮﻋﺎ ﻓﻲ أﺟﺰاء ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺎﻟَﻢ ﯾﺘﻀﻮرون أن اﻟﻤﻼﯾﯿﻦ رت َ ِ ﺣﺬ ُ ً ْ ّ أﺗﻨﺎول ﺷﯿﺌًﺎ ﻣﻨﺬ اﻟﺼﺒﺎح ﻟﻢ/ .أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺤﺮب ﺟﻮﻋﺎ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻟﻤﻮت ﻓﻲ ﺎس ﺗﻀﻮر ُ ّ ِ ِ ّاﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ ً .ﺟﻮﻋﺎ أﺗﻀﻮُر واﻵن ّ The United Nations has warned that millions are suffering from hunger in many parts of the world./So many people starved to death during the war./I have not eaten since morning, and I am starving now. 55 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases ﺗ ََﻐﱠﻤَﺪهُ ﷲُ ﺑَِﺮْﺣَﻤﺘِِﮫ May one’s soul rest in peace; may God bestow his mercy and grace upon someone. ّ ّ رﺣﻤﺘﮫ وﯾُﻠﮭﻢ أھﻠَﮭﺎ ّ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺒﺮ ﺑﻮاﺳﻊ ﯾﺘﻐﻤَﺪھﺎ اﻟﺴﻤﻮ ﺗﻌﺎزﯾﮫ ﻟﺬوﯾﮭﺎ داﻋﯿًﺎ ﷲ أن وﻗﺪم ُ َ اﻟﺼ ّ ِ ِ ّ .وﻓﻀﻠﻚ ﺑﺮﺣﻤﺘﻚ ﺗﻐﻤﺪﻧﻲ َ َ ّ اﻟﻠﮭﻢ/ .واﻟﺴﻠﻮان His Highness expressed his condolences, praying to the almighty God to rest her soul in peace and grant her family patience to bear the loss./Oh God, bless me with your mercy and grace. ُﺮﯾﺤﺘُﮫ َ َﺗَﻔَﺘﱠﻘَ ْﺖ ﻗ One’s talent starts to shine; to ingeniously come up with an idea or invention; to be devised by the ingenuity of someone; to think up something. ُ ﺗﻔﺘّﻘﺖ ﻗﺮﯾﺤﺔ/ .ﻗﺼﺎﺋﺪهُ اﻷوﻟﻰ اﻟﻐﺮﺑﺔ ﺣﺘّﻰ ﺗﻔﺘّﻘﺖ ﻗﺮﯾﺤﺘﮫُ وﻛﺘﺐ ﻣﺎ إن ﺣﻂّ اﻟﺮﺣﺎل ﻓﻲ دﯾﺎر َ ِ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ ﯾﻘﻮل اﻟﻤﮭﺎﺗﻤﺎ ﻏﺎﻧﺪي ﻋﻦ / .اﺧﺘﺮاﻋﺎت ﺳﺒﻘﺖ ﻋﺼﺮهُ ﺑﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻟﯿﻮﻧﺎردو داﻓﻨﺸﻲ ﻋﻦ ُ ٍ ِ .دﻣﺎر ﺗﻔﺘﻘﺖ ﻋﻨﮭﺎ ﻗﺮﯾﺤﺔُ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن أﺳﻠﺤﺔ اﻟﻼّﻋﻨﻒ إﻧّﮭﺎ أﻗﻮى وأﻋﺘﻰ ﻣﻦ أﻋﻈﻢ ِ ٍ As soon as he settled down in the foreign land, his talent started to shine, and he wrote his frst poems./Leonardo da Vinci came up with inventions that were way ahead of their time./“Non-Violence: It is mightier than the mightiest weapon of destruction devised by the ingenuity of man.” – Mahatma Gandhi. ﺪان ُ ﺸِﻌﱡﺮ ﻟَﮫُ اﻷَْﺑ َ ﺗَْﻘ Chilling; creepy; spine-chilling; to make one’s hair stand up on the back of one’s neck; to send a chill down one’s spine; to get goose bumps. ّ ٌ وﻗﺪ/ .اﻟﺤﺮب اﻷھﻠﯿ ِّﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﯿﺮوت ﺗﻘﺸﻌﺮ ﻟﮭﺎ اﻷﺑﺪان ﻋﻦ ﺻﻮر ُﻋﺮﺿﺖ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺮض ِ ّ ﻋﺮض ّ / .ﺗﻘﺸﻌﺮ ﻟﮫ اﻷﺑﺪان ﻟﻤﺎ ﺣﺪث ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺰرة ُ اﻟﺸ ّ ّ ّ ﻟﻤﺠﺮد ﯾﻘﺸﻌﺮ ﮭﻮد وﺻﻔًﺎ ُإن ﺑﺪﻧﮫ .اﻟﻌﻮدة إﻟﻰ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻤﻜﺎن اﻟﻤﺨﯿﻒ اﻟﺘّﻔﻜﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ ِ The exhibition showed chilling images of the civil war in Beirut./The witnesses shared a spine-chilling description of the events during the massacre./ Just the thought of going back to that eerie place makes the hair stand up on the back of his neck. 56 ﺣﺮف اﻟﺘﺎء اﻟﺴﺒُ ُﻞ ﺗَﻘَﻄﱠ َﻌْﺖ ﺑِِﮫ ﱡ To be stranded; to be marooned. ُ ﺗﻢ ّ ﺗﻢ ﻣﻨﻌﮫ ﻣﻦ ّ ﺗﻘﻄّﻌﺖ إﻧﻘﺎذ ّ / .ﻌﻮد ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺘﻦ اﻟﻄّﺎﺋﺮة ّ اﻟﺴﺒﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻄﺎر ﺑﻌﺪ أن ِ اﻟﺼ ّ ﻖ اﻟﺠﺒﺎل ﺑﻌﺪ أن ﺗﻘﻄّﻌﺖ ﺑﮫ ذﻛﺮ اﻟﻨّﺎس أﻧّﮭﻢ ﺷﺎھﺪوا/ .ﺟﺒﻠﯿﺔ وﻋﺮة ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺴﺒﻞ ﻓﻲ ٍ ٍ ِ ّﻣﺘﺴﻠ ّ ﻗﻄﯿﻌﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺰﻻن وﻗﺪ ﺗﻘﻄّﻌﺖ ﺑﮫ .اﻟﻔﯿﻀﺎﻧﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺴﺒﻞ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ً ِ A passenger was stranded in the airport after he was prevented to board the fight./The climber was rescued after he was marooned in the treacherous mountain area./People said they saw a herd of deer marooned by foods in the area. اﻟﺪْﻧﯿﺎ ﺗَﻜﺎﻟَﺒَ ْﺖ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﮫ ﱡ To be gripped by life; life becomes cruel or hard to someone; to be tortured by life. ً ُ ﻋﺎطﻼ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ وﻟﻢ ّ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺗﻜﺎﻟﺒﺖ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ٌ ﻓﺮص ﻟﺪﯾﮫ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺎن،اﻟﺪﻧﯿﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻷﻋﻮام اﻷﺧﯿﺮة ِ ﺗﻜﻦ / . ﯾﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻨﺎس اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﺗﺘﻜﺎﻟﺐ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﻢ اﻟﺪﻧﯿﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﯿﻨﺔ ﺗﺠﺎه اﻵﺧﺮﯾﻦ/ .اﻟﻌﯿﺶ َ ﻟﻘﻤﺔ ِ ﻟﻜﺴﺐ ّ ﺗﻜﺎﻟﺒﺖ .اﻟﺪﻧﯿﺎ ﻛﻠّﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﯿﻨﺎ ﺳﻨﻘﺎوم ﺣﺘّﻰ اﻟﻨّﮭﺎﯾﺔ ﺣﺘّﻰ ﻟﻮ إﻧﻨﺎ ِ ُ Life was cruel to him in the last few years because he was unemployed with no prospects of earning a living./Some people feel hostile against others because life has been cruel to them./We will fght to the end even if the whole world stands against us. ﻔﺎء ﺗَﻤﺎﺛَ َﻞ ﻟِ ﱢ ِ ﻠﺸ To recover from illness; to regain one’s health; to be on the mend. ُ ْ ﺳﻤﻮ وﺗﻤﺎﺛﻞ/ .ﺗﻤﺎﺛﻠﺖ ﻟﻠﺸﻔﺎء ﺟﺮﯾﺖ ﻟﮭﺎ ﻧﺎﺟﺤﺔً وﺳﺮﻋﺎن ﻣﺎ ّ ِ ُﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ِ ﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﻜﺒﺪ اﻟﺘﻲ أ وﺿﻊ ﻛﺎن أﺧﻲ ﻓﻲ/ .اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﻲ أﺟﺮﯾﺖ ﻟﮫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ اﻷﻣﯿﺮ ﻟﻠﺸﻔﺎء إﺛﺮ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ّ ِ ٍ .ﯾﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﻟﻠﺸﻔﺎء ﺻﺤﻲ ﺳﻲء وھﻮ اﻵن ُ ﱟ Her liver transplant operation was successful, and she soon regained her health./His highness the Prince recovered after the operation he had undergone at the University Hospital./My brother has been very unwell, but he is on the mend now. 57 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases ُﺗَﻤﺎﻟَ َﻚ أَ ْﻋﺼﺎﺑَﮫ To get a hold of one’s anger; to refrain from becoming enraged due to some provocation; to pull oneself together; to keep one’s temper in check; to collect one’s self. ّ ُ ﺳﺎﺋﻖ ﻟﻢ ﯾﺘﻤﺎﻟﻚ/ .ﯾﺴﺘﻔﺰك اﻵﺧﺮون ﺑﺸﻜﻞ أﻓﻀﻞ ﺣﯿﻦ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﻛﯿﻒ ﺗﺘﻤﺎﻟﻚ أﻋﺼﺎﺑﻚ ﯾﻨﺒﻐﻲ أن ٍ َ ُ ّ اﻟﻤﺸﺎة ﻣﻦ ِﻛﺒﺎر أﺗﻤﺎﻟﻚ ﺣﺎوﻟﺖ أن / .اﻟﺴﻦ أﺣﺪ ُ َ َﺳﯿﺎرة اﻷﺟﺮة أﻋﺼﺎﺑَﮫ وﺑﺪأ ﯾ ِ ِ ﺼﯿﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ِ .أﻋﺼﺎﺑﻲ وﻟﻜﻦ دون ﺟﺪوى You need to do a better job of keeping your temper when other people provoke you./The taxi driver lost his temper and started shouting at an old pedestrian./I have tried to get a hold of my anger but to no avail. ﺼﺒِِﮫ ِ ﺗَﻨَ ّﺤﻰ َﻋْﻦ َﻣْﻨ To step down from one’s position; to stand down. ّ ﺗﺨﺺ ﺣﯿﺎﺗﮫ ّ / .اﻟﺸﺨﺼﯿﺔ ّ ّ ﺗﻨﺤﺖ رﺋﯿﺴﺔ اﻟﺒﺮﻟﻤﺎن ﻋﻦ ﻣﺰاﻋﻢ ﻣﻨﺼﺒﮫ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﻮزﯾﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻨﺤﻰ ُ ِ َ ّ / .اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎت اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﯿّﺔ ّ إن ّ ّ اﺣﺘﺠﺎﺟﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘّﮭﻤﯿﺶ اﻟﺬي ﺗﻨﺤﻲ ض ﻟﮫ اﻟﻤﺮأة ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺼﺒﮭﺎ ُ ﺗﺘﻌﺮ ً ًﯾﻔﺘﺢ ﻧﺎﻓﺬة .ﻟﻺﺻﻼح ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﯿﺶ ﻣﻨﺼﺒﮫ اﻟﺠﻨﺮال ﻋﻦ ُ ﻛﺮﺋﯿﺲ ﻟﻸرﻛﺎن ِ ٍ ِ The minister has stepped down from his position following allegations about his personal life./The speaker of the parliament has stepped down in protest against the marginalisation of women in the government bodies./The stepping down of the general as chief of staff opens a window of opportunity for reform in the military. ﺪاء ﺲ ﱡ َ اﻟﺼَﻌ َ ﺗَﻨَﻔﱠ To breathe a sigh of relief. ُ ﺧﺎن اﻟﻤﺘﺼﺎﻋﺪ ﻟﻢ ّ اﻛﺘﺸﻒ أن ﱡ ﺗﻨﻔّﺴﺖ/ .ﺑﯿﺘﮫ ﯾﻜﻦ وﻗﺪ ﺗﻨﻔّﺲ اﻟﺼﻌﺪاء ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ً َ اﻟﺪ َ ِ ﺻﺎدرا ﻣﻦ ُ ّ ّ ﺳﻤﻌﻦ اﻟﻜﮭﻒ ﱡ .أطﻔﺎﻟﮭﻦ ﺑﺨﯿﺮ أن اﻟﺼﻌﺪاء ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻘﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻷطﻔﺎل أﻣﮭﺎت َ َ ِ ِ He breathed a sigh of relief when he discovered that the smoke was not coming from his house./The mothers of the children trapped in the cave breathed a sigh of relief when they heard their children were safe and well. 58 ﺣﺮف اﻟﺘﺎء ﻈﺎر ِ ﺗَﻮارى َﻋِﻦ اﻷَْﻧ To disappear from view; to keep out of sight; to go in hiding. ﱢ / .اﻟﻤﺨﺪرات ﺗﻮارت زوﺟﺘﮫُ ﻋﻦ اﻷﻧﻈﺎر ﺧﻮﻓًﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﯿﺎﺗﮭﺎ ﺗﺎﺟﺮ اﻟﻘﺒﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ إﻟﻘﺎء ﺑﻌﺪ ِ ِ ِ ّ ّ اﻟﻠﺺ ﻋﻦ اﻷﻧﻈﺎر وﺗﻮارى/ .اﻟﺨﺮاف ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﻮارت ﻋﻦ اﻷﻧﻈﺎر اﻟﺼﺒﻲ ﻓﻲ واﺳﺘﻤﺮ ّ ِ ﻣﺸﺎھﺪة ِ .اﻷﻣﻦ ﺳﯿﺎرﺗﮫ رﺟﺎل ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﻓﺘّﺶ ُ ِ After the drug dealer was arrested, his wife went underground in fear for her life./The boy kept watching the sheep until they disappeared from view./The thief kept out of sight while the police searched his vehicle. ﺗ ََﻮﱠرَع َﻋْﻦ To abstain from something on moral or religious ground; to scruple; to refrain from; to restrain oneself. ّ ّ إﻟﺤﺎق ّ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻗﺘﻞ أﺷﻘّﺎﺋﮫ ﻷﻧّﮭﻢ ﯾﺘﻮرع ﻟﻢ/ .أي أذى ﺑﺎﻟﻨّﺎس دوﻣﺎ ﻋﻦ ُ ً ﺗﻮرَع واﻟﺪي ِ اﻟﺤﺎﻛﻢ ﻋﻦ ِ ْ ّ ّ داﺋﻤﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﻮل .ع ﻋﻦ اﻟﻜﺬب ﻧﻔﺴﮭﺎ ﻓﻘﺪ،اﻟﺼﺪق َ أﻟﺰﻣﺖ ً إﻧّﮭﺎ/ .َﻋﺼﻮا أواﻣﺮه ِ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮر My father has always abstained from doing any harm to people./The ruler had no scruples about killing his brothers because they did not obey his orders./ She always tells the truth; she has committed herself to refrain from lying. ﺳَﻢ َﺧْﯿًﺮا ﺗ ََﻮ ﱠ To anticipate something good from someone; to have high hopes from someone; to see promising signs in someone or something; to expect good. ّ إﻧّﻨﻲ/ .اﻷزﻣﺔ اﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﯿِّﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻹﻧﮭﺎء ﯾﺘﺪﺧﻞ ﺧﯿﺮا ﻓﻲ أن اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺗﻮﺳﻤﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ً اﻟﺪوﻟﻲ َ ّ ِ ِ ِ ٌأﺳﺒﺎب وﺟﯿﮭﺔ ّ ٌ ھﻨﺎﻟﻚ/ . ﻓﮭﻮ ﯾُﺼﻠﺢ ﺑﯿﻦ أﻗﺎرﺑﻲ ﻛﻠّﻤﺎ زارﻧﺎ،ﻋﻤﻲ اﻟﺨﯿﺮ داﺋﻤﺎ ّ أﺗﻮﺳ ُﻢ ﻓﻲ ً ّ .ﺧﯿﺮا ﻣﻦ ھﺬا اﻟﻤﺆﺗﻤﺮ ﺗﺠﻌﻠﻨﺎ ً ﻧﺘﻮﺳُﻢ We had high hopes that the international community might intervene and end the humanitarian crisis in the region./I always anticipate good from my uncle; when he visits us, he always tries to reconcile differences among our family members./There are valid grounds for expecting good results from this conference. 59 ث ﺣﺮف اﻟﺜﺎء اﻟﻌْﺰِم ُ ِﺛﺎﺑ َ ﺖ To be resolute or unyielding; to remain frmly determined and unshaken. ّ وأود / .ﺮاءات اﻟﺤﺎﺳﻤﺔ ﺑﺸﺄﻧﮫ ﺟﮫ اﻹرھﺎب وﻧﺄﺧﺬ اﻹﺟ ِ ِ ﻋﻠﯿﻨﺎ أن ﻧﻜﻮن ﺛﺎﺑﺘﻲ اﻟﻌﺰم ﻓﻲ و ّ أن أؤﻛﺪ ق اﻹﻧﺴﺎن ﻓﻲ ّ أن اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ اّﻟﺪو ِ ﻟﻲ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰم ﺑﺸﺄِن اﻟﻤﻄﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﺑﻤﺮاﻋٍﺎة أﻛﺒﺮ ﻟﺤﻘﻮ .ھﺬه اﻟﺒُﻠﺪان We must be resolute in the face of terrorism and must take decisive action./I would like to emphasise that the international community is determined to demand greater respect for human rights in these countries. ُﺛﺎرْت ﺛﺎﺋِ َﺮﺗُﮫ َ To fy off the handle; to become enraged or infuriated. ُ ﺗﺜﻮر ﺛﺎﺋﺮة/ .ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮب ُ ّ ّ ّ اﻷخ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﺑﺄﺧﺘﮫ ﺛﺎرت ﺛﺎﺋﺮﺗُﮫ واﻧﮭﺎل ش ﺟﻞ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ رأى ُ ﯾﺘﺤﺮ َ اﻟﺮ ِ ِ وﺛﺎرت ﺛﺎﺋﺮةُ ﺟﺎري ﺣﯿﻦ/ .ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﯾﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻊ وﻏﻀﺒُﮭﺎ ﻻ،ﻷﺗﻔﮫ اﻷﺳﺒﺎب زوﺟﺘﻲ ُ ِ ِ ُ .ﺑﯿﺘﮫ ِ أوﻗﻔﺖ ﺳﯿّﺎرﺗﻲ أﻣﺎم When the brother saw the man harassing his sister, he few off the handle and went up to beat him./My wife fies off the handle at the slightest things, and her anger is out of proportion to the problem at hand./My neighbour was so infuriated when I parked my car in front of his house. 60 DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-5 ﺣﺮف اﻟﺜﺎء َ َ أَ ْﺛﺒ/ َﺛَﺒﱠﻂ ُﺰﯾﻤﺘَﮫ َ ﻂ َﻋ To discourage, demoralise, or demotivate someone. ُ َاﻹﺟﺮاءات اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪةُ ﻋﺰﯾﻤﺔ ﻣﺸﺎرﯾﻊ ﺑﺤﺜﯿ ٍّﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻄّﻠﺒﺔ اﻷﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﻣﻦ ّﻄﺖ َ ِ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺛﺒ ِ ِ ّ أن ذﻟﻚ ﻟﻢ ﯾُﺜﺒّﻂ ﻋﺰﯾﻤﺔَ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺜﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻦ ّ اﻷﺳﮭﻢ ّإﻻ / .اﻟﺸﺮاء أﺳﻌﺎر ارﺗﻔﻌﺖ/ .ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺎت ُ ِ ّ .اﻟﻨﺎﺟﺢ ﻻ ﯾُﺜﺒﻂ ﻋﺰﯾﻤﺔَ ﻣﻮظﻔﯿﮫ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﺮ إن َ َ The new procedures have discouraged some international students from working on research projects in universities./The price of the stocks went up, but that has not discouraged investors from buying./A successful manager does not demotivate his employees. ﱢ/ اﻟﺪِم اﻟﻈﱢﻞ ﻘﯿﻞ ﱠ ُ َﺛ A bore; an uninteresting person; a dull or boring person; humdrum. ّ ّ إﻧّﮫ،ﺑﻄﺒﯿﻌﺘﮫ ﻟﻈﻞ ُ ﯾﺎ ﻟﮫ/ .ﻣﮭﺮٌج أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ أن ﯾﻜﻮَن ﻣﻤﺜﻼً ﻛﻮﻣﯿﺪﯾًّﺎ إن ھﺬا اﻟﻤﻤﺜﻞ ﺛﻘﯿﻞ ا ﱢ ِ ّ إﻧّﮭﺎ ﺑﻠﺪة ﺛﻘﯿﻠﺔ ا/ .ﻟﻈﻞ ّ ﺟﻞ ﺛﻘﯿﻞ ا ﻟﻈﻞ وھﺬه اﻟﺸﺎﺑّﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ أن ﺗﻘﺴﺮ ﻧﻔﺴﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ٍ ﻣﻦ ر .اﻟﻌﯿﺶ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ The actor is a bore by nature; he is a clown more than a comedian./This man is such a bore!/This young woman cannot bring herself to settle down in the humdrum town. 61 ج ﺣﺮف اﻟﺠﯿﻢ ﺧﺎطِﺮِه ِ ﺟﺎل ﻓﻲ َ To pass through someone’s mind; to cross someone’s mind; to occur in someone’s mind; to pop into someone’s head. ّ ﯾﺠﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺧﺎطﺮي ﻗﻂ ّ أن ھﺬه اﻟﺮواﯾﺔ وﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻔﻮر ُ ﻟﻢ/ .ﺟﺎل ﻓﻲ ﺧﺎطﺮھﺎ َ ﺑﺘﺪوﯾﻦ ﻣﺎ ِ ّ ﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﮭﺎ أن ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﻣﻦ أﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻘﻮم اﻟﺮ ً واﯾﺎت َ ھﻞ/ .ﻣﺒﯿﻌﺎ ِ ً ﺟﺎل ﻓﻲ ﺧﺎطﺮك َ ﯾﻮﻣﺎ أن اﻟﻘﺪﯾﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ؟ اﻷﺣﯿﺎء ﺑﺠﻮﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ ٍ ِ ِ She immediately jotted down what had passed through her mind./It never crossed my mind that this was a novel that might end up being a best-seller./Have you ever thought of taking a tour of the city’s old neighbourhoods? ُﺧﺎطَﺮه َ طَﯿﱠ/ َﺟﺒَ َﺮ ِ ﺐ To soothe someone; to calm someone’s feelings; to comfort or console someone; to make amends. ف ُ ﻛﺎن ا ِ ﻟﻄﻔﻞ ﻣﻜﺴﻮَر اﻟﺨﺎطﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺧﺴﺎرﺗﮫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠّﻌﺒﺔ وﺣﺎوﻟﻨﺎ أن ﻧﺠﺒﺮ ﺧﺎطﺮه ﺑﺎﻟﮭﺘﺎ ت اﻟﺠﻤﯿﻠﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ أن ﯾﻄﺒﻊ ﻗﺒﻠﺔً ﻋﻠﻰ وطﯿّﺐ ﺧﺎطﺮھﺎ/ .ﺎل ٍ ﺑﺎﺳﻤﮫ ﺑﺼﻮ ِ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎ ٍ تﻋ ِ ّ ﯾﻦ ُ أن ھﺬه اﻟﺘّﻌﻮﯾﻀﺎت اﻟﮭﺰﯾﻠﺔ ﺳﺘُﺴﺎ ْ ﻋﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ّ ﻟﻤﺘﻀﺮرﯾﻦ ﺟﺒﺮ ﺧﺎطﺮ ا َ ھﻞ ﺗﻌﺘﻘﺪ/ .رأﺳﮭﺎ ِ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻞ اﻟﻨّﮭﺮ؟ The kid was heartbroken after losing in the game, and we tried to console him by chanting his name loudly./To make amends, he soothed her feelings with nice words before planting a kiss on the top of her head./Do you think the meagre compensation will comfort those affected by the diversion of the riverbed and make them feel better? 62 DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-6 ﺣﺮف اﻟﺠﯿﻢ ﺻْﺪِرِه َ َﺟﺜَ َﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ To be weighed down by something; to perch heavily on someone. ُ ُ ﺳﺪ ّ ﻟﻘﺪ/ .ﺟﺜﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺪر ھﺬه اﻟﺒﻼد ﻟُِﻌﻘﻮد وﺷﻌﺮت ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ دت دﯾﻮﻧﻲ ﻛﻠّﮭﺎ َ ُأ َ طﯿﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﻨّﻈﺎم اﻟﺬي ّ .ﺟﺎﺛﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺪري ﻗﺪ زال وﻛﺄن ِﺣﻤﻼً ﻛﺎن ً The regime that perched on the chest of this nation for decades is overthrown./I paid off my debts then I felt as if a great weight had been lifted off me. َ ﯾﺎل اﻟﺨْﯿﺒَ ِﺔ َ َﺟﱠﺮ أَ ْذ With one’s tail between one’s legs. ّ َﻣﻐﺎدرة ﻣﺴﺘﻌﻤﺮاﺗﮭﺎ وھﻲ ﺗ وﻋﺎد/ .أذﯾﺎل اﻟﺨﯿﺒﺔ ﺠﺮ اﺿﻄُّﺮت اﻟﻘُﻮى اﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎرﯾّﺔ إﻟﻰ َ ِ ًّ ﺑﻠﺪه ُ .ﺒﺎراة اﻟﻨﮭﺎﺋﯿّﺔ ﺟﺎرا َ ِ اﻟﻤ ِ اﻟﻔﺮﯾﻖ إﻟﻰ ُ أذﯾﺎل اﻟﺨﯿﺒﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺧﺴﺎرﺗﮫ ﻓﻲ The colonial powers have had to leave their colonies with their tails between their legs./After losing the fnal game, the team went home with their tail between their legs. ُﺟْﺰٌء ﻻ ﯾَﺘََﺠﱠﺰأ To be an integral part of something. ُاﻟﻤﺴﺎﺟﺪ اﻟﻘﺪﯾﻤﺔ ّ ﻣﺄﻛﻮﻻت ُ ُ / .ﻣﺪﯾﻨﺔ ﻣﺮاﻛﺶ اﻟﺤﯿﺎة ﻓﻲ أﺳﻠﻮب ﺟﺰء ﻻ ﯾﺘﺠﺰأ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻮارع ھﻲ ٌ ِ ِ ِ ّ ُ .ﯾﺘﺠﺰأ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺮاﺛﮭﺎ ﺟﺰء ﻻ ﻣﺪﯾﻨﺔ ھﻮ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ أﯾّﺔ / .ﻟﻠﻘﺎھﺮة اﻟﻌﻤﺮاﻧﻲ ﺟﺰء ﻻ ﯾﺘﺠﺰأ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨّﻤﻂ ھﻲ ٌ ٌ ٍ ّ ِ Street food is an integral part of Marrakesh’s lifestyle./Old mosques are an integral part of Cairo’s urban style./The history of any city is an integral part of its heritage. ﺾ َﺟ ﱠ َ ﺲ ﻧَْﺒ To test the waters; take someone’s pulse (to ascertain the general opinion); to put out feelers. ّ َﻔﻀُﻞ أن ﻧ ّ ُﻧ ﻛﺒﯿﺮة ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎرات ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻘﯿﺎم ﺑﺸﺮاء ﺠﺲ اﻟﻨّﺒﺾ ﻟﻨﻌﺮف اھﺘﻤﺎم اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﻠﻚ ٍ ٍ َ ﻣﻨﺘﺞ ﻣﺎ ِ ٍ ّ ﺟﺲ ﻧﺒﺾ ّ ّ واﺳﺘﻤﺮوا ﻷﺷﮭﺮ / .اﻟﺸﺎرع وﻛﺎن اﻟﮭﺪف اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﯿﺎن اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪ ھﻮ/ .ﻓﯿﮫ ّ ّ .ﻟﺼﻔﻘﺔ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯿ ٍّﺔ ﺟﺪﯾﺪة اﻟﺘﻮﺻﻞ ﯾﺠﺴﻮن اﻟﻨّﺒﺾ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ ٍ 63 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases We prefer to test the waters and gauge consumers’ interest level in a product before we make signifcant investments./The main objective of the new statement was to feel the pulse of the general public./For months they have been putting out feelers to test the waters for a new political deal. ﺴﮭﻮ ْ َ ﯾ/ َﺟﱠﻞ َﻣْﻦ ﻻ ﯾُ ْﺨِﻄُﺊ Exalted the one who is not negligent nor forgetful; nobody is perfect; he is lifeless that is faultless; to err is human. ّ / .وﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻻ ﯾَﺴﮭﻮ ّ اﻟﻤﺪوُن وﺟﮫ ،ﻣﻘﺎﻟﺘﮫ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻋﻦ اﻷﺧﻄﺎء اﻟﺘﻲ وردت ﻓﻲ اﻋﺘﺬر ﻟﻘﺪ ُ ّ َ ِ ُ ّ ﺷﺮﺣﺖ ﻟﮭﻢ ﻟﻘﺪ/ .وﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻻ ﯾُﺨﻄﺊ ،ﻣﻨﻮھًﺎ إﻟﻰ أﻧّﮫ ﻗﺪ أﺧﻄﺄ اﻋﺘﺬارهُ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺆول ّ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﻲ ّ ّ .وﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻻ ﯾُﺨﻄﺊ ﻼﺑﺴﺎت اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ واﻟﺨﻄﺄ اﻟﺬي ﺣﺼﻞ ُﻣ ِ The writer apologised for the mistakes that were found in his article. Nobody is perfect./The blogger apologised to the offcial for the mistake he had made, and noting nobody is perfect./It was a mistake, and I have explained the circumstances to them; to err is human. ّ َﺟْﻠُﺪ ات ِ اﻟﺬ Self-reproach; self-fagellation; to be excessively self-critical. ّ ُ ﯾﺠﺐ أن / .أﺣﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻓﺈﻧّﮫ ﯾﻤﯿﻞ إﻟﻰ ﺟﻠﺪ اﻟﺬات ﻛﺜﯿﺮا وإن ﺷﻌﺮ ﺑﺄﻧّﮫ ﻗﺪ أﺧﻄﺄ ﯾﻨﺘﻘﺪ ذاﺗﮫ ھﻮ ُ ً ٍ ﺑﺤﻖ .ﺗﻨﺴﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ وﺗﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻧﻔﺴﻚ ﻛﻤﺎ ھﻲ وﺗﺘﺨﻠّﺺ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﺟﻠﺪ اﻟﺬات He is excessively self-critical; when he feels like he could have upset someone, he tends to self-fagellate./You should forget the past, accept yourself, and eliminate the feelings of self-reproach. ً ﺗﻔﺼﯿﻼ ُﺟْﻤﻠَﺔً َو As a whole and in detail; absolutely and totally; altogether; in full; completely and utterly. ّ اﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮي اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺲ ﯾﺮﻓﺾ/ .ﺟﺎرھﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﻋﺘﺪاءات اﻟﺘﻲ أﻧﻜﺮھﺎ ﺟﻤﻠﺔً وﺗﻔﺼﯿﻼ ُ َ ُاﺗﮭﻤﺖ اﻟﻤﺮأة ِ ّ ﻧﻔﺖ اﻟﻤﺪﻋﻰ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ھﺬه ِ ﯾﻮم أﻣﺲ ٍ وﻓﻲ/ .ھﺬا اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮح ﺟﻤﻠﺔً وﺗﻔﺼﯿﻼ َ ﺑﯿﺎن أﺻﺪرهُ ﻣﺤﺎﻣﻮھﺎ .اﻻﺗﮭﺎﻣﺎت ﺟﻤﻠﺔً وﺗﻔﺼﯿﻼ 64 ﺣﺮف اﻟﺠﯿﻢ The woman accused her neighbour of the attacks, which he absolutely and totally denied./The military council rejects this proposal altogether./In a statement issued by her lawyers yesterday, the defendant denied the accusations in full. ﻼم ِ ُﺟْﻨُﺢ اﻟﻈﱠ Under the cover of darkness/night; behind the scene; behind closed doors; in the dead of night. ُ اﻟﺰﻋﯿﻤﺎن اﻻﺗّﻔﺎﻗﯿّﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ وﻗّﻊ/ .اﻟﻮﻓﺪ إﻟﻰ طﺮاﺑﻠﺲ ﺗﺎﻣﺔ وﺻﻞ وﺑﺴﺮﯾﺔ ﺟﻨﺢ اﻟﻈّﻼم ﺗﺤﺖ ٍ ٍ ِ ِ ّ ﻓﺮا ﻣﻦ ّ وﻓﺠﺄةً وﻓﻲ ُﺟﻨﺢ اﻟﻈّﻼم/ .ُﺟﻨﺢ اﻟﻈّﻼم .دون أﺛﺮ َ ﺠﻦ واﺧﺘﻔﯿﺎ ِ اﻟﺴ In complete secrecy under cover of night, the delegation arrived in Tripoli./ The two leaders signed the deal behind closed doors./Then suddenly in the dead of night, they escaped from prison and disappeared without a trace. ﺟﯿﺌَﺔً َوَذھﺎﺑًﺎ Backwards and forwards (alternately); to move back and forth; to and fro. ّ واﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﯿﺎم ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺟﯿﺌﺔً وذھﺎﺑًﺎ ﺣﺘّﻰ / .ﺑﺒﻂء ﺟﯿﺌﺔً وذھﺎﺑًﺎ ﯾﺘﺄرﺟﺢ ﻛﺎن اﻟﺒﻨﺪول اﻟﻜﺒﯿﺮ ُ ٍ ُ أرض ﺮﻓﺔ ﻓﻲ وﻟﻢ ﺗﺘﻮﻗّﻒ ﻣﻄﻠﻘًﺎ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺸﻲ ﺟﯿﺌﺔً وذھﺎﺑًﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ/ .اﻟﺪراﺳﻲ ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ ّ ِ اﻟﻐ ِ ِ ّ .ﺷﺪﯾﺪﯾﻦ ﻄﺮاب واﺿ اﻧﻔﻌﺎل َ ٍ ٍ The large pendulum was swinging slowly backwards and forwards./He continued to do the journey back and forth until the end of the semester./She never ceased walking to and fro across the room in great agitation. 65 ح ﺣﺮف اﻟﺤﺎء ﺪﯾﮭِﺔ ُ ﺳ َ َﺮﯾﻊ اﻟﺒ َ / ﺣﺎﺿُﺮ ِ To be quick-witted; to have an alert mind to make effective reply; adroitness in reply; skill in repartee; to think on one’s feet. ُإن ﺻﺪﯾﻘﺘﻲ ﻣﺮﺣﺔٌ وﺣﺎﺿﺮة ّ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻠﻞ ﺗﺸﻌﺮ ﯾﺴﺘﺤﯿﻞ أن/ .اﻟﺒﺪﯾﮭﺔ وﻟﺪﯾﮭﺎ ﻟﺒﺎﻗﺔ وﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺗﻔﻜﯿﺮ َ ِ ِ ّ ﺗﺘﺤﺪث ﻣﻌﮫ ﻓﮭﻮ ﻣﺘﻮﻗّ ُﺪ ُﻋﺎﺑﺔ وﺳﺮﻋﺔ ّ روح ّ اﻟﺒﺪﯾﮭﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ/ .اﻟﺬھﻦ وﺳﺮﯾﻊ اﻟﺒﺪﯾﮭﺔ وأﻧﺖ ُ ِ ِ اﻟﺪ ّ أﺟﺎب ﺑﺬﻟﻚ .اﻟﺮد اﻟﻈﺮﯾﻒ واﺿﺤﺘﯿﻦ ﺣﯿﻦ ﻟﺪﯾﮫ َ ِ My friend is playful and quick-witted. She has an amazing ability to think and respond quickly./It is impossible to be bored when talking to him; he has a quick mind and a splendid gift for repartee./His ability to keep a sense of humour and think on his feet was evident when he gave that witty reply. اﻟﺤ ﱡ ﻆ َ ُﺣﺎﻟَﻔَﮫ Luck is on one’s side; to get lucky; to strike it lucky. ﱡ ﻋﻤﺘﻲ اﻟﺤﻆّ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﻤﻜﻨﺖ ﻟﻘﺪ/ .ﺑﻔﺎرق ﺑﺴﯿﻂ اﻟﮭﺰﯾﻤﺔ اﻟﺤﻆ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﺠﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺮﯾﻖ ﺣﺎﻟﻒ َ َ َ ّ ﺣﺎﻟﻒ ِ ٍ َوﺗﺮﺑﺤﻮن اﻟﺠﺎﺋﺰة ّ ھﻞ ﺳﯿُﺤﺎﻟﻔُﻜﻢ اﻟﺤﻆّ ھﺬه/ .ﺧﻼل ﻋﺎم ّ اﻟﻔﻮز ﺑﺎﻟﯿﺎﻧﺼﯿﺐ اﻟﻤﺮة ﻣﺮﺗﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ َ َ ِ اﻟﻜﺒﺮى؟ Luck was on the team’s side when they escaped with a narrow win./My aunt enjoyed a double dose of luck after winning the lottery twice in a year./Will you strike it lucky this time and win the grand prize? 66 DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-7 ﺣﺮف اﻟﺤﺎء ِﺣْﺒٌﺮ َﻋﻠﻰ َوَرق Nothing but empty words; words without action; not worth the ink on the paper; not worth the paper it is written on. ّ رﻏﻢ/ .ﺣﺒﺮا ﻋﻠﻰ ورق أن ً وﻻ ﺗﻌﺪو ﻛﻮﻧﮭﺎ،وﻗﺪ ظﻠّﺖ ھﺬه اﻷﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﯿّﺔ ﺑﺪون ﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬ ُ ُ وﯾ/ .ﺣﺒﺮا ﻋﻠﻰ ورق اﻟﻤﺮء ﺑﻌﺪ ﺪرك ً ﻣﮭﻤﺔ ّإﻻ إﻧّﮭﺎ ﻻ ﺗﺰال ُ ّ اﻟﺘﻌﮭّﺪات اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﺳﻮم ّ ﺣﯿﻦ ّ .ﻣﺠﺮد ﺣﺒﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ورق أن ھﺬه اﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﯿﺎت These important judgments have remained unimplemented and not worth the papers they are written on./While the pledges in the decree are important, they are still words without action./After a while one starts to realise that these agreements were nothing but empty words. ﻒ أَ ْﻧﻔِِﮫ َ َﺣْﺘ To die a natural death on one’s deathbed, rather than being killed. ّ اﻟﻤﻠِﻚ ﻗﺪ ﻗُﺘﻞ اﻋﺘﻘﺪ ﻗﺪﻣﺎء/ .أﻧﻔﮫ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﱢﻢ أم ﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﺆرﺧﻮن اﺧﺘﻠﻒ َ َ َ َ ِ ﺣﺘﻒ َ ﺣﻮل ﻣﺎ إذا ﻛﺎن ّ اﻟﻌﺮب ﻓﺈن ﻣﺎت ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺠﺮاح،أن روح اﻹﻧﺴﺎن ﺗﺨﺮج ﻣﻦ أﻧﻔﮫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﯾﻤﻮت ﺣﺘﻒ أﻧﻔﮫ .ﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺮاﺣﺎﺗﮫ Historians disagreed about whether the king was poisoned or died a natural death./Ancient Arabs believed that the soul of man leaves from his nose when he dies, and if he dies from his injuries, it comes out through his wounds. َﺣﺘّﻰ اﻟﻨُﺨﺎع To the core; through and through. ّ / .ﻤﻮ ﻋﺴﻜﺮﯾًﺎ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻟﻨّﺨﺎع ٌ ّ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻓﺎﺳﺪ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻟﻨّﺨﺎع وﻣﺼﻠﺤﺘﮫ اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺲ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪ إن ﻛﺎن ُ ّ اﻟﺴ َ ّ ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺔ ّ .وطﻨﯿﯿﻦ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻟﻨّﺨﺎع أﺑﻨﺎء ھﺬه اﻟﻄّﺎﺋﻔﺔ أﻧﻔﺴﮭﻢ ﯾﺮى/ .اﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﻗﺒﻞ ُ ِ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ ِ His Royal Highness was a military man through and through./The new president is corrupt to the core, and his self-interest comes before the nation./A substantial number of the people of this sect see themselves as patriotic through and through. 67 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases واھﯿﺔ ِ ٌُﺣﱠﺠﺔ Lame excuse; fimsy argument; false pretences; does not stand up to scrutiny. واھﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺘّﻐﻄﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﱡ ّ / .اﻟﻮﺻﻮل إﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ُ ّ اﻟﻤﻮظﻒ إن ﻓﻜﺮة ﻣﻦ ﯾﻘﻮل ﺑﺤﺠٍﺔ أﺗﻰ ُ ﺮه ﻓﻲ ٍ ِ ﺗﺄﺧ ّ ﺼﺐ ﺿﺮورﯾﺔ ﻟﺘﻌﻠﯿﻢ اﻟﺠﯿﻞ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪ ﺑﺎ ّ ّ ﻟﺸﺨﺼﯿﺎت واﻷﺣﺪاث اﻟﺘّﺎرﯾﺨﯿّﺔ ھﻲ / .ﺣﺠﺔٌ واھﯿﺔ ُ ُإن اﻟﻨ ُ ّ ّ َﺳﯿﻜﺘﺸﻒ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻧﻘﺎط .ﺑﻜﻞ ﺗﺄﻛﯿﺪ اﻟﺤﺠِﺔ اﻟﻮاھﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻌﻒ ﻓﻲ ھﺬه وﺳﺮﻋﺎن ﻣﺎ ُ ﺳﺘﻨﮭﺎر ﱢ ِ اﻟﻀ The employee made up a lame excuse for being late./The argument that monuments are needed to educate the new generation about historical fgures and events does not stand up to scrutiny./The fimsy argument is sure to collapse as people soon will discover its weakness. َﺣﱢﺪْث َوﻻ َﺣَﺮج You don’t know the half of it; you have no idea how bad the situation is (satirical); literally: It is known to all how bad it is, feel free to speak unreservedly about it. ّ ُ ّ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﺪارس ﻛﺎﻓﯿﺔ وﻻ ّ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﯿﻤﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺘﮭﻰ أﻣﺎ اﻟﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﺴﻮء ﻓﻼ إن اﻟﻨّﻈﺎم ّ ،ﻣﺪرﺳﯿﻦ ّ ّ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺗﻌﺘﻘﺪ َ اﻟﺼّﺤّﻲ ﱢ ّ أن اﻟﻘﻄﺎرات ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ ﺑﻄﯿﺌﺔ ﻓﺎﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻼت إن/ .ﻓﺤﺪث وﻻ ﺣﺮج اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻷرﯾﺎف ﱢ .ﺣﺪث وﻻ ﺣﺮج The educational system is so bad; not enough schools and no teachers. As for the health situation, you have no idea how bad it is!/If you think trains in town are slow, you don’t know the half of it as public transportation in rural areas is much worse. َﺣﺬا َﺣْﺬَو To follow suit; to follow in someone’s footsteps. ّ ﺑﺘﺨﻔﯿﺾ أﺳﻌﺎرھﺎ ﻓﺴﯿﺘﻌﯿّﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ّ إذا ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ھﺬه اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت اﻷﺧﺮى أن ﺗﺤﺬو اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻼﻗﺔ ِ ّ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ اﻟﺨﯿﺮي ﻋﻠﻰ وﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﺘّﻮاﺻﻞ ﺻﻮرا ﺗﻌﺮض ﻋﻤﻠﮫ اﻟﻤﺴﺆول ﺷﺎرك / .ﺣﺬوھﺎ ُ ً َ ّ ﺗﺄﻣﻞ ھﻨﺎء ﻓﻲ أن ﺗﺤﺬو ﺣﺬو واﻟﺪﺗﮭﺎ وﺗﺼﺒﺢ / .ﻟﺘﺸﺠﯿﻊ اﻟﻤﻮاطﻨﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ أن ﯾﺤﺬوا ﺣﺬوه ُ ّ .ﻣﺪرﺳﺔ رﯾﺎﺿﯿّﺎت If this giant company is cutting its prices, other companies will have to follow suit./The offcial shared photos of his charity work on social media to 68 ﺣﺮف اﻟﺤﺎء encourage citizens to follow suit./Hana hopes to follow in her mother’s footsteps and become a maths teacher. ﺴُﻦ ﻧِﯿﱠﺔ ْ ُﺣ In good faith; bona fde; goodwill. ﺪد ﻣﻦ ا ﱡ / .ﺳﺒﺔ ﺣﻠﻮل ﺷﮭﺮ رﻣﻀﺎن اﻟﻤﺒﺎرك ٍ ﺗﻢ اﻟﻌﻔﻮ ﻋﻦ ﻋ ّ ﺎدرة ﺣﺴﻦ ﻧﯿﺔ ﻓﻘﺪ ِ ﻟﺴﺠﻨﺎء ﺑﻤﻨﺎ ِ ﻛﺒ ُ ﻟﻢ ّ ُﻗﻀﺖ اﻟﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ّ ﯾﻜﻦ ُ ﯾﺘﺼﺮ ّ اﻹﺧﻼل ﺑﺤﺴﻦ اﻟﻨﯿﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺑﺄن / .ف ﺑﺤﺴﻦ ﻧﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺪﻋﻰ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ َ ِ ّ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﻌﻀﻨﺎ ﺧﻼل ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻠﻨﺎ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺴﻦ اﻟﻨﯿﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻦ/ .اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔُ ﺑﻔﺴﺦ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﺣﺼﻞ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ِ ِ ِ ّ ﻓﺈﻧّﻨﺎ ﻗﺪ،اﻟﺒﻌﺾ .ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌﻨﺎ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻧﺸﺮ ﺛﻘﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﺎﺿﺪ ّ ِ ِ ﺗﻤﻜﻨّﺎ ﻣﻦ As a gesture of good faith, several prisoners have been pardoned ahead of the Holy Month of Ramadan./The respondent was not acting bona fde./The court ruled that there was a breach of the duty of good faith when the company terminated the contract./By dealing with each other in good faith, we have created a culture of mutual support in our society. ﻣﺎء َوْﺟِﮭِﮫ َ ََﺣﻔِﻆ To save one’s face; to preserve dignity or self-respect. ّ ُاﻟﻮزﯾﺮ ﯾ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻣﻀﻠّﻠﺔً ﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺴﺮب ﻛﺎن،ﺷﻮھﺖ ﺻﻮرة اﻟﻮزارة ُ ً ّ ﻧﻈﺮا ﻟﻠﻔﻀﺎﺋﺢ اﻟﺘﻲ ٍ ُ َ ّ ﺣﻞ وﺳﻂ ﯾﺤﻔﻆ ﻣﺎء اﻟﻮﺟﮫ ﯾﺘﻌﯿّﻦ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﻢ/ .ﯾﺤﻔﻆ ﻣﺎء اﻟﻮﺟﮫ اﻹﻋﻼم ﻟﻜﻲ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﻞ إﻟﻰ ﱟ ً ًوﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ طﺮدھﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة .ﻗﺒﻠﺖ اﻹدارةُ اﺳﺘﻘﺎﻟﺘَﮭﺎ ِﺣﻔﻈًﺎ ﻟﻤﺎء وﺟﮭﮭﺎ / .ﻟﻠﻄﺮﻓﯿﻦ ِ Given the scandals marring the Ministry’s image, the minister was leaking misleading info to the media to help save face./They have to work out a compromise that will allow both parties to save face./Rather than fre her outright, the management let her save face by accepting her resignation. ﻘﺎل اﻟﺤ ﱡ َ ُ ُﻖ ﯾ In fairness; to be fair; to give someone their due; to give the devil his due. ّ ﻖ ﯾﻘﺎل ّ واﻟﺤ،ﻋﻤﻞ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ إن اﻟﺠﻤﯿﻊ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺒﻨّﻰ ھﺬا اﻟﻨّﻤﻂ ﻧﻤﻂ ِ ﻟﻘﺪ اﺿﻄُﺮرﻧﺎ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﻜﯿّﻒ ﻣﻊ ٍ ّ ّ ﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ واﻟﺤ ّ إﻧّﮭﺎ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣ/ .ﺑﺴﺮور ﯾﺮا ﻖ ﯾﻘﺎل ﻓﮭﻲ ً ﺗﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﺗﻘﺪ ٍ ﺪر َ ﺳﺔ ﺗُﺠﮭﺪ ﻧﻔﺴﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ ا 69 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases ًّ ﻋﺠﺎ ّ ﻟﻜﻦ ا ّ ﺟﺪا و ﻟﺤﻖ ﯾﻘﺎل ﻓﻘﺪ ﺳﺎﻋﺪﻧﻲ ﺑﮭﺬه ً رﻏﻢ أﻧّﮫ ﻛﺎن ﻣﺰ/ .أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ . ﮭﻤﺔ ّ ﻟﻤ َ ا We have had to adapt to a new work pattern, and in fairness, everyone has embraced it./She is the most overworked teacher in the school, and to be fair, she deserves more recognition than she has gotten./He was so annoying but – give the devil his due – he did help me with the task. اﻟﻮطﯿﺲ َ َﺣِﻤَﻲ The fghting escalates and becomes ferce. ّﺗﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﺘ ّ وﺣﻤﻲ وطﯿﺲ اﻟﺤﺮب ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ّ اﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮي ُ ُ ُ ّ اﻟﺒﻼد ھﺬا ﺗﺸﮭﺪ / .ﺿﺪ اﻟﻤﺘﻤﺮدﯾﻦ ﺤﺎﻟﻒ ّ ّ ﺧﻠﯿﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﺮﺋﯿﺲ .اﻟﺮاﺣﻞ ﻻﻧﺘﺨﺎب اﻟﺸﮭﺮ ﺣﻤﻠﺔً اﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﯿّﺔً ﺣﺎﻣﯿﺔَ اﻟﻮطﯿﺲ ٍ ِ The war escalated when the military coalition intervened against the rebels./ This month, the country is facing a ferce election campaign to fnd a successor to the late president. 70 خ ﺣﺮف اﻟﺨﺎء ُ َر/ ُ ظَﻨﱡﮫ/ ُﺧﺎب أَ َﻣﻠُﮫ ُﺟﺎؤه َ To have one’s hopes and expectations disappointed; to be sorely disappointed; to be let down. أﻋﺪﻛﻢ أﻧّﻲ آﻣﺎل ﻗﺪ ﻧﻘﻊ ﻓﻲ ُ ورطﺔ إن ﺧﺎﺑﺖ َ ٍ ِ / .اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺜﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻮاﺋﺪ اﻷرﺑﺎح ّ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪﺛﺔُ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ّ َ إﻧﮭﺎء اﻟﻮﺟﻮد ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺖ اﻟﺒﺮﻟﻤﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ إن وﻗﺎﻟﺖ / .ﺐ أﻣﻠﻜﻢ َ ﻟﻦ أُ َﺧﯿﱢ ِ ِ ّ .اﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮي ﺟﺎء ﻣﺨﯿّﺒًﺎ ﻟﻶﻣﺎل Investors are hoping to receive earnings yields, and there can be trouble if their hopes are disappointed./I promise I will not let you down./The government spokeswoman said the parliament’s vote to end the military presence was “disappointing.” ُﺧﺎرْت ﻗُﻮاه َ To go weak at the knees; to suddenly lose one’s strength and fall over. ﻟﺪى ﺗﻠﻘّﯿﮭﺎ ﻧﺒﺄ وﻓﺎة اﺑﻨﺘﮭﺎ/ . وﻗﺪ ﺧﺎرت ﻗﻮاهُ وﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎد ﺣﻤﻠﺘﮫُ ﺳﺎﻗﺎه،ﺟﺎﺋﻌﺎ اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎن ُ ً وﻛﺎن،ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ اﻟﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﻄﻮﯾﻠﺔ ﺧﺎرت ﻗُﻮى وﺑﻌﺪ / .أرﺿﺎ اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺟﺊ ﺧﺎرت ﻗﻮاھﺎ ووﻗﻌﺖ ً َ ِ ً اﻟﺨﯿﻞ ِ ّ .ﻻﺑﺪ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﻗﻮف The man was so hungry; he lost his strength, and his legs hardly carried him./ Receiving the news of her daughter’s sudden death, the mother went weak at the knees and fell to the ground./After the long journey, the horses completely lost their strength, and we had to stop. DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-8 71 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases ب َ ﻤﺎر َ ﺧﺎض ِﻏ َ ِ اﻟﺤْﺮ To enter the war; to engage in the war. ّ وﻗﺎل وزﯾُﺮ ا / .ﻟﺼّﺤﺔ إﻧّﮫ ﯾﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﯿﻨﺎ أن ﻧﻮاﺟﮫَ ھﺬا اﻟﻔﯿﺮوس ﻛﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﻛﻨّﺎ ﻧﺨﻮض ﻏﻤﺎَر اﻟﺤﺮب ً دة ّ ﻟﻢ/ .ﻵﻣﺎﻟﮫ اﻟﺘّﻮﺳﻌﯿّﺔ ﻗﺎﺗﻼ ﺟﺒﮭﺎت ﻗﺮار اﻟﺠﻨﺮال ﺑﺨﻮض ﻏﻤﺎر اﻟﺤﺮب ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺎن ُ ٍ ﻣﺘﻌﺪ ٍ ِ ُ ﺗﺨﺾ ﺳﻮﯾﺴﺮا ﻏﻤﺎر أﯾّﺔ .1815 ﺣﺮب ﻣﻨﺬ ﻋﺎم ٍ We must face this virus as we would fght a war, the health minister said./The general’s decision to fght a war on multiple fronts was fatal to his expansionist hopes./Switzerland never fought a war after 1815. اﻟﻮﻓﺎض ِ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ To be empty-handed. ّ اﻟﻮﻓﺪ ﺑﻤﻐﺎدرة اﻟﻤﺆﺗﻤﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﻮﻓﺎض ﻟﺬا ُ ّ ّ ھﺮب اﻟﻠ/ .ﺑﻤﺴﻮدة ﺟﺪﯾﺪة ﺺ ﺗﻘﺪم ﻟﻢ ﯾﺮﻏﺐ ٍ اﻟﻘﻤِﺔ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ھﻞ ﻋﺎد/ .ﻣﺤﺎوﻟﺘﮫ ﺳﺮﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﻠّﺢ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﻮﻓﺎض ﺑﻌﺪ ُ ّ رﺋﯿﺲ اﻟﻮزراء ﻣﻦ ِ .أھﻠﮫ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﻮﻓﺎض ﺑﻌﺪ أن ﻗﻀﻰ ﻋﺸﺮة/ اﻟﻮﻓﺎض؟ ِ أﻋﻮام ﺑﺤﺜًﺎ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻜﻨﺰ ﻋﺎد إﻟﻰ ٍ The delegation did not want to leave the conference empty-handed, so it put forward a new proposal./The armed robber left empty-handed after attempting to rob the store./Did the prime minister go home from the summit emptyhanded?/After spending ten years looking for the treasure, he came back home empty-handed. ّ ُﺧﺎﻧَْﺘﮫ ُاﻛَﺮة ِ اﻟﺬ To fail to recollect; to be unable to remember; one’s memory fails him. ّ إن ﻟﻢ ﺗﺨﻨّﻲ ّ ُﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪا ﻛﺎن ﯾﺸﻐﻠﮫ ّ اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة ً ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻣﮭﺪي ﺎﻋﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﺮوف ﻓﺈن ھﺬا اﻟﻤﻨﺰل ُ اﻟﺸ ّ ّ ھﻞ ﺑﺪأت ﺗﺨﻮﻧﻚ/ .اﻟﺠﻮاھﺮي ّ اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة ﻣﻊ ّ ﺗﻘﺪم إﻛﻤﺎل ﯾﺴﺘﻄﻊ ﺧﺎﻧﺘﮫ ذاﻛﺮﺗﮫُ وﻟﻢ/ اﻟﺴﻦ؟ َ ِ ّ إن ﻟﻢ ﺗﺨﻨّﻲ/ .اﻟﻘﺼﺔ ّ اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة ّ .ﻓﺈن ﻋﯿﺪ ﻣﯿﻼدك ﯾُﺼﺎدف ﻓﻲ اﻷول ﻣﻦ ﺳﺒﺘﻤﺒﺮ If my memory serves me well, this particular house was occupied by the famous poet M. Al-Jawahiri./Are you starting to forget with age?/His memory failed him and he could not complete the story./If my memory serves me correctly, your birthday is on the frst of September. 72 ﺣﺮف اﻟﺨﺎء ﺒﯿﺮ ُ ﺧﺎﻧَﮫُ اﻟﺘَْﻌ To unintentionally misspeak; saying something unthinkingly that may accidentally offend someone; literally: the ability of expression fails him. َ ﺑﺸﺄن رأي ﻣﺪﯾﺮ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺧﺎﻧﻨﻲ اﻟﺘّﻌﺒﯿﺮ/ .أﺣﺪ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺧﺎﻧﮫُ اﻟﺘّﻌﺒﯿﺮ ٍ َ ﻟﻢ ﯾﻘﺼﺪ إھﺎﻧﺔ،ﻋﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﮫ ّ اﻋﺘﺬر ِ ّ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ وﻟﺬا أﻋﯿﺪ ﺻﯿﺎﻏﺔ ﻣﺎ اﺳﻤﺢ ﻟﻲ ﺑﺄن، رﺑﻤﺎ ﺧﺎﻧﻨﻲ اﻟﺘّﻌﺒﯿﺮ، اﻟﻤﻌﺬرة/ .أود اﻻﻋﺘﺬار َ َ .ﻗﻠﺘﮫ He apologised for what he had said; he misspoke and did not mean to offend anyone./I misspoke myself concerning the opinion of the headmaster. For that I wish to apologise./Pardon me, I did not mean it that way, allow me to rephrase that. ﯿﺎء َ ش َﺣ َ َﺧَﺪ Inappropriate language or behaviour; socially offensive language or behaviour; abusive language or behaviour (legal); opprobrious language or behaviour. ﯾﺤﺘﻮي ھﺬا اﻟﻔﯿﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ/ .ﻻ ﯾُﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻠّﻐﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗَﺨﺪش اﻟﺤﯿﺎء ﻓﻲ ھﺬا اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺪى ﺗﺨﺪش اﻟﺤﯿﺎء ﻛﻠّﻤﺎ ﻛﻠﻤﺎت ﻋﺎدﺗﮫ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ/ .ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺸﺎھﺪ واﻷﻟﻔﺎظ اﻟﺨﺎدﺷﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﯿﺎء ُ ٍ ِ .أﺻﺒﺢ ﻋﺼﺒﯿًّﺎ One is not allowed to use foul language on this forum./This movie contains many inappropriate scenes and language./He had a habit of using opprobrious language when he was angry. ﻈﺎھُﺮ ِ اﻟﻤ َ َُﺧَﺪَﻋْﺘﮫ To be deceived by appearances or looks; to become tempted with the lure of riches. ُ ّ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﺖ ّ ّ ﻋﻠﻰ أن اﻟﻤﻈﺎھﺮ وﻗﺪ/ . ﻟﻢ ﯾﻨﺨﺪع ذوو اﻟﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻈﺎھﺮ،اﻟﺒﺸﺮي ﻣﺮ اﻟﺘﺎ ّرﯾﺦ ّ .ﺗﺮﻓﺾ ﻋﺮﺿﮫ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺧﺪﻋﺘﮭﺎ اﻟﻤﻈﺎھﺮ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻊ أن ﻟﻢ/ .ﺧﺪاﻋﺔ َ ِ Throughout human history, people of wisdom have not been fooled by appearances./I learnt that appearances often deceive./She fell for the lure of luxury and gold and could not say no to his offer. 73 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases َ َﺧَﺮَج َﻋﻦ طْﻮِرِه To fip out; to lose control of oneself; to blow one’s cool. ّ ﺗﺼﺮخ وﺗُﻜﯿﻞ إﻟﯿﮫ ُ ﻟﻘﺪ/ .اﻟﺸﺘﺎﺋﻢ ﺧﺮﺟﺖ اﻟﻤﺮأةُ ﻋﻦ طﻮرھﺎ وراﺣﺖ زوﺟﮭﺎ ُ ُوﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﮫ ِ ِ ّ اﻟﺤﺎرس ُ ّ ﺨﺼﻲ ﻋﻦ طﻮره اﻟﺸ ﺧﺮج/ .اﺷﺘﺪ اﻟﺠﺪال ﺧﺮج ﻋﻦ طﻮره اﺳﺘﻔﺰازه وﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻢ ُ ّ ّ ّ واﺷﺘﺒﻚ ﻣﻊ .اﻟﺼﺤﻔﯿﯿﻦ The woman fipped out about something her husband said and started screaming curse words./He was provoked and lost control of himself in the heat of the argument./The bodyguard lost control of himself and clashed with the journalists. ﺐ َﺟﻠَﻞ ٌ َﺧْﻄ Serious misfortune; calamity. ّ / .اﻟﻘﻠﯿﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺒﻠﺔ ّ ﺧﻄﺐ ﺟﻠﻞ ﺳﯿُﺤﯿﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻼد ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴ ﺸﯿﺮ ھﺬه اﻟﺘّﺼﺮﯾﺤﺎت إﻟﻰ إن ھﺬا ﻨﻮات ُ ُﺗ ٍ ِ ِ ٌ .ﺗﺤﻤﻠﮭﺎ ﻣﺴﺆوﻟﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﯿﻨﺎ وﯾﺤﺘﺎج إﻟﻰ ﺑﺄﺳﺮه اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺧﻄﺐ ﺟﻠﻞ ﯾُﺼﯿﺐ اﻟﻮﺑﺎء ُ ً ٍ َ ّ ﺟﻤﯿﻌﺎ ِ These statements hint towards a serious misfortune the country is expected to face in the next few years./This epidemic is a calamity that befalls an entire society and is a responsibility that we must all bear. َ َﺧ ﻄَﺮ ﺑِﺒﺎﻟِِﮫ To cross someone’s mind; to occur to someone; to pop into someone’s head. ّ وﺑﯿﻘﯿﻦ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ ّ وﺧﻄﺮ ﺑﺒﺎﻟﮭﺎ أن ﯾﻜﻮن اﺑﻨﮭﺎ ﺑﺼﺎﻟﺔ اﻷﻟﻌﺎب إن أﻗﻮل أﺳﺘﻄﯿﻊ أن / .اﻟﺮﯾﺎﺿﯿّﺔ ُ َ ٍ ّ ﺑﺒﺎﻟﮫ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻠّﺤﻈﺔ ُ أن اﻷﺳﻼك أﻋﺘﻘﺪ أﻧّﮫ ﺧﻄﺮ ﻻ/ .ﻣﺜﻞ ھﺬه اﻟﻔﻜﺮة ﻟﻢ ﺗﺨﻄﺮ ﻣﻄﻠﻘًﺎ ﺑﺒﺎﻟﻲ َ ِ ّ ﻟﻢ ﯾﺨﻄﺮ ﺑﺒﺎﻟﻨﺎ ﻗﻂ/ .ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻮﺻﻠﺔً ﺑﺎﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎء .أن ﺷﯿﺌًﺎ ﻛﮭﺬا ﺳﯿﺤﺼﻞ It crossed her mind that her son might be in the gym./I can say with absolute certainty that such an idea never crossed my mind./I do not think it occurred to him at that moment that the wires were live./We never thought that anything like this would happen. 74 ﺣﺮف اﻟﺨﺎء ﻔﯿﻒ ﱢ اﻟﻈﱢﻞ ُ َﺧ To be humorous or amusing; to be full of fun. ّ اﻟﻈﻞ وﯾﺘﻤﺘّﻊ ﺑﺮوح ّ ُ ّ ﻟﻘﺪ/ .دوﻣﺎ وﺟﻮه وﯾﻀﻊ اﻻﺑﺘﺴﺎﻣﺔَ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺪﻋﺎﺑﺔ ﺧﻔﯿﻒ إن اﻟﺨﺒّﺎز ُ ِ ِ ً زﺑﺎﺋﻨﮫ ّ ﻟﻘﺼﺔُ ﺧﻔﯿﻔﺔَ ا ّ ﻧﺖ ا / . ﻟﻘﺪ ﺟﻌﻠﺘﻨﻲ أﺿﺤﻚ وأﺳﺘﻐﺮق ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻔﻜﯿﺮ،ﻟﻈﻞ وﻋﻤﯿﻘﺔً ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ِ ﻛﺎ ّ ُ ّ .ﺑﺼﺤﺒﺘﮫ وأﺳﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺑﻮﻗﺘﻲ،اﻟﻈﻞ ﺧﻔﯿﻒ إن ﺻﺪﯾﻘﻲ ُ ﻛﺜﯿﺮا وأﻧﺎ ً The baker has a great sense of humour and always puts a smile on the faces of his customers./The story was comical and deep; it made me laugh and think a lot./My friend is humorous; it is a lot of fun being with him. اﻟﺤْﺰُن ُ َﺧﯿﱠ َﻢ َﻋﻠَ ْﯿِﮫ Grief descends upon someone or something; sadness to pervade someone. ُ ُ روﺣﮫ ﻛﻠّﻤﺎ اﻟﺤﺰن ﯾﺨﯿّﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺎن/ .اﻟﺤﺰن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﺎﺻﻤﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر أﻧﺒﺎء اﻟﻤﺬﺑﺤﺔ ﺧﯿّﻢ ِ ُ ُ اﻟﺤﺰن ﻋﻠﻰ وﺧﯿّﻢ/ .ﺳﻤﺎﻋﻨﺎ اﻷﺧﺒﺎر اﻟﻤﺤﺰﻧﺔ اﻟﺤﺰن ﻟﺪى وﺧﯿّﻢ ﻋﻠﯿﻨﺎ/ .ُﻋﺰﻓﺖ اﻷﻏﻨﯿﺔ ِ .ﺣﯿﺎﺗﮭﻤﺎ ﻟِﺴﻨﻮات A cloud of grief descended on the capital as the news of the massacre spread./A deep sadness pervaded his soul whenever the song played./Deep grief descended on us when we heard the sad news./Sadness took over their whole life for so many years. 75 د ﺣﺮف اﻟﺪال دار ﻓﻲ َﺧﻠَ ِﺪِه َ To go on in the mind of someone. ُ ﺪور ﻓﻲ ﻌﺮف ُ َﻋﻤﺎ ﯾ ُ ُ َ ﯾ/ .ﻧﺨﻤَﻦ ﻣﺎ دار ﻓﻲ ﺧﻠﺪھﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻠّﺤﻈﺔ ّ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻨﺰر اﻟﻘﻠﯿﻞ ّ ﯾﺴﺘﺤﯿﻞ أن .ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻨّﺎس ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﺎ ﯾﺪور ﻓﻲ ﺧﻠﺪ اﻵﺧﺮﯾﻦ ﯾﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ / .ﻔﺴﻲ ﺧﻠﺪ ُ ُ َ ّ ّاﻟﻤﺼﺎﺑﯿﻦ ﺑﮭﺬا اﻟﻤﺮض اﻟﻨ It is impossible to guess what went on in her mind at that moment./Scientists know very little about what goes on in the mind of people suffering from this mental illness./Some people can read what goes on in other people’s minds. اﻟﺤْﺮب َ دارْت َرﺣﻰ َ The war rages on; the war fares up. وﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ/ .ﺗﻠﻮح ﻟﮭﺎ ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔٌ ﻓﻲ اﻷﻓﻖ وﺗﺪور رﺣﻰ اﻟﺤﺮب اﻷھﻠﯿّﺔ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺳﻨﻮات دون أن ُ َ ّ ﺬﻣﺮ ّ ﯾﺸﺘﺪ ّ وﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ/.اﻹﻟﺰاﻣﻲ ﺿﺪ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﺘّﺠﻨﯿﺪ ﻌﺒﻲ ّ ّ اﻟﺸ ّ ّدارت رﺣﻰ اﻟﺤﺮب ﻛﺎن اﻟﺘ .اﻟﻤﺪﻣﺮة ﻟﻠﻘﺘﺎل ﻮن اﻟﺘّﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘّﺒﻌﺎت َ ّرﺣﻰ اﻟﺤﺮب ﺗﺪور ﺣﺎول اﻟﻤﺪﻧﯿ ّ The civil war has been raging for ten years with no end in sight./As the war raged on, a public discomfort against the policies of conscription was intensifying./While the war was faring up around them, the civilians attempted to deal with the devastating effects of the fghting. ﺖ ُ اﻟﻮْﻗ َ َ ُداھَﻤﮫ To run out of time. ُ ّ ﺣﺎوﻟﺖ ّ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻗﺒﻞ أن ﺗﻘﻮل ﻟﻘﺪ اﻟﺮد ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻨّﻘﺎط ّإﻻ أﻧّﮭﺎ،ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ أرادت ﻗﻮﻟﮫ داھﻤﮭﺎ ِ َ ٌ . وﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻸﺳﻒ ﻓﻘﺪ داھﻤﻨﺎ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ،ﺳﺆال وﺟﯿﮫ / .اﻟﺘﻲ أﺛﯿﺮت 76 DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-9 ﺣﺮف اﻟﺪال She has run out of time without saying what she wanted to say, but she tried to respond to some points made./That is a very good question but, unfortunately, we have run out of time. ُﺾ ُﺣﱠﺠﺘَﮫ َ َدَﺣ To dismiss; to refute; to disprove; to invalidate one’s argument, pretence, pretext, evidence, or claim. ّ ّ ﺣﺠﺞ َاﻟﻤﺪﻋﻲ اﻟﻌﺎم واﻟﺘﻤﺲ اﻟﺒﺮاءة ﯾﺘﺒﻨّﻰ ﻣﻔﺘﻲ اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ/ .ﻠﮫ ﻣﺮاﻓﻌﺘﮫ دﺣﺾ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻣﻲ ﻓﻲ َ ِ ﻟﻤﻮﻛ ِ ً ّ / .واﻟﺪﯾﻦ ّ اﻟﻤﺘﻄﺮﻓﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﯿﺎة ّ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت إن ﺣﺠﺞ ﯾﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ دﺣﺾ ﻣﻌﺘﺪﻻ ﺧﻄﺎﺑًﺎ دﯾﻨﯿًﺎ ُ ِ ِ ّ ﺗﺪﺣﺾ .ﺣﺠﺔ ھﺆﻻء اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﯾﺮﯾﺪون ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻤﺴﺎواة ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺠﻨﺴﯿﻦ ﺗﻌﺮﺿﮭﺎ اﻟﻮرﻗﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ُ ُ The lawyer dismissed the prosecutor’s arguments in his pleading and sought acquittal for his client./The grand Mufti adopts a moderate religious discourse to refute the arguments of extremists of life and religion./The information presented in the paper refutes the arguments of those who want to change the gender equality law. ﻔﯿﺬ ِ َدَﺧَﻞ َﺣﯿﱢ َﺰ اﻟﺘﱠ ْﻨ To come into force or effect. ّ دﺧﻠﺖ اﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﯿّﺔ ﯾﺘﻤﺎﺷﻰ وﺟﻌﻠﺖ اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺳﺔُ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪةُ ﺣﯿّﺰ اﻟﺘّﻨﻔﯿﺬ ھﺬا اﻟﻌﺎم َ ِ ِ ّ ﺳﯿﺪﺧﻞ ﺣﯿّﺰ اﻟﺘّﻨﻔﯿﺬ ّ / .اﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻘﯿّﺔ اﻟﺒﻼد / .اﻟﺸﮭﺮ اﻟﻤﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻤﺜﯿﺮ ﻟﻠﺠﺪل إن ﻣﻊ ُ َ ِ ّ إن ﻗﺮار إﻟﻐﺎء ﺗﺄﺷﯿﺮة ّ .اﺑﺘﺪاء ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺎم اﻟﺠﺎري ﯾﺪﺧﻞ ﺣﯿّﺰ اﻟﺘّﻨﻔﯿﺬ اﻟﺪﺧﻮل ﻟﻤﻮاطﻨﻲ اﻻﺗّﺤﺎد ُ ً The new policy came into effect this year and brought the situation south of the border into line with the rest of the country./The controversial law will come into force next month./The decision to cancel the visa for Union’s nationals is effective from this year. اﻟﺸْﺒَﮭﺔَ َﻋْﻦ َدَرأَ ﱡ To ward off suspicion; to avert suspicion. ّ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺪﻣﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ وﺻﻮل رﺟﺎل ﻧﻔﺴﮫ اﻟﺸﺒﮭﺎت ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﻈﺎھﺮ ﻣﻨﻔُّﺬ اﻟﺤﺮﯾﻖ وﻟﻜﻲ ﯾﺪرأَ ﻋﻦ ِ ّ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻗﺎﻣﻮا ﺑﻔﻌﻞ/ .اﻹطﻔﺎء ﻠﺔ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲء ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ أن ﯾﺪرؤوا ﺷﺒﮭﺔ ِ ّاﻟﻤﻤﺎرﺳﺎت اﻟﺘّﺴﻮﯾﻘﯿ ِّﺔ اﻟﻤﻀﻠ ِ 77 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases ّ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻋﺮض اﻟﺘّﻘﯿﯿﻢ ﻷداﺋﮫ ﺳﻤﻲ ﺣﺎول أن ﯾﺪرأ اﻟﺸﺒﮭﺔ ﻋﻦ/ .ﻋﻦ أﻧﻔﺴﮭﻢ ّ اﻟﺮ ِ ِ .اﻟﻮظﯿﻔﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﺎم اﻟﻤﻨﺼﺮم ّ To avert the suspicions from himself, the arsonist purported himself as a shocked person when the frefghters arrived./They did everything to avert the suspicions regarding their misleading marketing practices./He tried to ward off suspicions about himself by showing his formal performance assessment made last year. َ َدْﻋﮫُ َو ُﺷﺄﻧَﮫ To leave someone alone. ّ اﻟﺘﺪﺧﻞ ﻓﻲ أﻣﻮر ﺣﯿﺎﺗﻲ ّ ﱡ ﯾﺪﻋﻮك وﺷﺄﻧﻚ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻟﻦ/. دﻋﻮﻧﻲ وﺷﺄﻧﻲ،اﻟﺸﺨﺼﯿّﺔ ﯾﺤﻖ ﻟﻜﻢ ﻻ َ ُ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻟﻠﻨّﻈﺮ ﻓﻲ ﯾﺤﺘﺎج إﻟﻰ ﻓﮭﻮ،أﻋﺘﻘﺪ أﻧّﻨﺎ ﯾﻨﺒﻐﻲ أن ﻧﺪع ﺻﺪﯾﻘﻨﺎ وﺷﺄﻧﮫ /.ﺗﻮﻗّﻊ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ ُ ِ .ﺧﯿﺎراﺗﮫ ِ You have no right to interfere in my personal life, so leave me alone!/They will not let you alone until you sign the contract./I think we should leave our friend alone, he needs time to consider his options. ََدﻓََﻊ َﻋَﺠﻠَﺔ To drive something; to advance something. ّ / .اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ أﻧﺤﺎء اﻟﺒﻼد ﻤﻮ ﺑﺤﺎﺟﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺗﻄﻮﯾﺮ اﻟﺒﻨﯿﺔ اﻟﺘّﺤﺘﯿّﺔ ﻟﺪﻓﻊ ﻧﺤﻦ ّ ّﻋﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﻨ ٍ ِ ُ ﺻﺎدرات ﻟﻘﺪ ﺳﺎﻋﺪت/ .ﻋﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺐ ذﻟﻚ درﺟﺔً ﻋﺎﻟﯿﺔً ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘّﺨﻄﯿﻂ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ دﻓﻊ ُ ّﺳﯿﺘﻄﻠ ِ .اﻟﻨّﻔﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ دﻓﻊ ﻋﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﺘّﻨﻤﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻼد We need to develop the infrastructure to drive economic growth across the country./It will take a high degree of planning to drive this change./The oil exports have helped advance development in the country. َ ﻧﺎﻗﻮس اﻟﺨﻄَﺮ ق َد ﱠ َ To raise or sound the alarm. ُدﻗّﺖ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ ّ ﻧﺎﻗﻮس اﻟﺨﻄﺮ ﺑﺸﺄن ّ ﺗﺜﯿﺮ ﺑﻤﻌﺪﻻت ﺗﻔﺸﻲ ﻓﯿﺮوس اﻹﯾﺒﻮﻻ اﻟﺼّﺤﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﯿّﺔ ُ ٍ َ ّ / .اﻟﻘﻠﻖ اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت ﻧﺎﻗﻮس اﻟﺨﻄﺮ ﺣﻮل اﻧﻘﺮاض ھﺬه ﺗﺪق ﻗﻀﺖ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﺔُ ﺣﯿﺎﺗﮭﺎ وھﻲ َ ِ ِ 78 ﺣﺮف اﻟﺪال ّ ﻟﻘﺪ/ .اﻟﻤﺬھﻠﺔ ﺑﺸﺄن ﻋﺪم ﻗﺪرة اﻟﻨّﺎس ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘّﻔﺮﯾﻖ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺎ ھﻮ ﻧﺎﻗﻮس اﻟﺨﻄﺮ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ دق ُ َ ِ .ﺣﻘﯿﻘﻲ وﻣﺎھﻮ زاﺋﻒ ّ WHO raised the alarm that the Ebola outbreak was spreading at a disturbing rate./The scientist spent her life sounding the alarm bells about the extinction of these amazing animals./The writer has raised the alarm about people’s inability to differentiate between what is true and what is false. ﻤﺎء اﻟﻨّﺎس ُ َدْھ The masses; the common people (commoners). ّ ّ اﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت / .ﻟﺪھﻤﺎء اﻟﻨّﺎس ﻣﻔﮭﻮﻣﺔ اﻹﻋﻼم ھﻲ ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺳﯿّﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﺘﺪاوﻟﮭﺎ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ إن ٍ َ ِ ِ ُ ّ ﯾﺨﺘﻠﻔﻮن ﻋﻦ دھﻤﺎء اﻟﻨﺎس ّ ھﻞ ﺗﻮاﻓﻘﻨﻲ وأن ﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﻨﺎس ُﺧﻠﻘﻮا ﺳﻮاﺳﯿﺔ؟ أن اﻟﻨّﺒﻼء ﻻ َ Many political terms used by the media are incomprehensible to the masses./ Do you agree that nobles are no different from commoners and that all people are created equal? ﺷﻚ َ دون أَْدﻧﻰ َ Without the slightest doubt; undoubtedly. ّ اﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ دون أدﻧﻰ ّ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻘﺘﻞ ّ ّ ﻓﺈن ﺗﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﺪس وﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﻨﺎ ﺑﻨﻮﻋﯿِّﺔ َ ّ ﺷﻚ ّ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب دون أدﻧﻰ ّ ﻛﺎن/ .ھﺪﻓﮫ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺷﻚ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻧﺠﺢ ھﺬا/ .اﻟﻤﺴﺪس إطﻼﻗﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺲ ذﻟﻚ ُ ِ ِ ّ ﺑﯿﻠﯿﮫ دون أدﻧﻰ .ﻗﺪم ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﺷﻚ أﻋﻈﻢ ِ ﻻﻋﺐ ِ ٍ ﻛﺮة Because we know the type of pistol used in the killing, the bullet was undoubtedly fred from that same pistol./This book is without the slightest doubt successful in attaining its objective./Pelé was undoubtedly the best football player in the world. ف ﻟَﮫُ َﺟْﻔﻦ دون أَ ْن ﯾَ ِﺮ ﱠ َ Without blinking an eye; without remorse, scruple, compunction, or afterthought. ّ ُ ﯾﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ ﻗﺎﺋﺪ اﻟﺠﯿﺶ / .ﯾﺮف ﻟﮫ ﺟﻔﻦ وأﻧﺎ ﻣﺘﺄﻛﺪة أﻧّﮫ ﻗﺪ ﻗﺎم ﺑﻘﺘﻞ اﻟﻨّﺎس دون أن،إﻧّﮫ ﻣﺠﺮم ُ ّ / .ﯾﺮف ﻟﮫ ﺟﻔﻦ ّ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺪون أن ﯾُﻄﻠﻘﻮا اﻟﻨّﺎر إن ھﺆﻻء اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺗﻠﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ ﺑﻜﺎﻣﻠﮭﺎ دون أن إﺣﺮاق َ ِ ّ .ﯾﺮف ﻟﮭﻢ ﺟﻔﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨّﺎس وﻣﻦ دون أن 79 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases He is a criminal, and I am sure that he has killed people all without blinking an eye./The army general can burn the entire city without any remorse./The fghters are ready to fre at people without any scruples. دون َﺟْﺪوى َ To no avail; in vain. ّ ّاﻟﺠﯿﺶ اﻟﺘ ّ اﻟﻤﺴﻌﻔﻮن إﻧﻘﺎذ اﻟﻤﻘﺎطﻌﺎت ﻘﺪم إﻟﻰ ﺣﺎول/ .ﺟﻞ وﻟﻜﻦ دون ﺟﺪوى ﻟﻘﺪ ﺣﺎول ُ َ ِ ِ اﻟﺮ ّ ّﺟﮭﺪه ﻟﻠﺘ ّ ّ اﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﯿّﺔ وﻟﻜﻦ،ﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻄّﺎﺋﺮة ﺎر ﻗﺼﺎرى ﻋﺪة ُ ّ ﺑﺬل اﻟﻄﯿ/ .ﻣﺮات وﻟﻜﻦ دون ﺟﺪوى ٍ ِ .دون ﺟﺪوى Paramedics had tried to save the man but to no avail./The army tried many times in vain to advance into the Northern provinces./The pilot tried his best to control the plane but to no avail. ﻖ ْإﻧﺬار َ ِ ِدون ﺳﺎﺑ Without warning; without prior notice. ّ ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﺨﻔﯿﺾ ُ ُﯾ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻌﻄﯿﻞ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺎت اﻟﺘّﻮاﺻﻞ ّ ﻟﻘﺪ/ .ﺣﺪ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻻﺋﺘﻤﺎن دون ﺳﺎﺑﻖ إﻧﺬار ّ ﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻗﺪ ﺗﺘﻐﯿّﺮ اﻟﻤﺒﺎدئ اﻟﺘّﻮﺟﯿﮭﯿّﺔ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﯿّﺔ/ .ﻟﻠﻌﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨّﺸﻄﺎء دون ﺳﺎﺑﻖ إﻧﺬار اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ّ ِ ُ ّ ّ ّ ﺎر ﻋﻠﻰ .ﺟﻞ دون ﺳﺎﺑﻖ إﻧﺬار / .ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ودون ﺳﺎﺑﻖ إﻧﺬار ٍ َ أطﻠﻘﺖ اﻟﺸﺮطﺔ اﻟﻨ ِ ِ اﻟﺮ The credit card limit can be lowered without warning./Social media accounts of many activists were deactivated without warning./Government guidelines may change rapidly and without prior notice./The police have shot the man without warning. ﻖ دون َوْﺟِﮫ َﺣ ﱟ َ Unrightfully; unjustly; unfairly; unlawfully. ّ ﺗﺼﺮﻓﺎت اﻟﻨّﺎس وﺳﻠﻮﻛﮭﻢ دون وﺟﮫ ّ اﻟﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻗﺮار أﻟﻐﻰ/ .ﺣﻖ ﻧﺤﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﺣﯿﺎن ﻓﻲ ُ ِ ُ ِ ّ ﺗﻢ ﻣﻨﺤﮭﺎ دون وﺟﮫ ُ ﺣﻖ اﻟﻤﺼﺮف ﺑﺄﻧّﮫ اﺗّ ِﮭﻢ/ .ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺆوﻟﯿﻦ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﯿﯿﻦ َ ّ اﻻﻣﺘﯿﺎزات اﻟﺘﻲ ِ ّ ﯾﺤﺘﺠﺰ أﺻﻮل اﻟﻤﻮدﻋﯿﻦ دون وﺟﮫ .ﺣﻖ Sometimes we unrightfully judge people for their behaviour./The court ruling has cancelled the privileges unjustly conferred upon the government offcials./ The bank was accused of unlawfully retaining the assets of the depositors. 80 ذ ﺣﺮف اﻟﺬال َ ُذاع ﺻﯿﺘُﮫ To become renowned or famous; for one’s fame to spread. ُ ّ اﻟﺮﻋﺎﯾﺔ ّ ﻤﺔ اﻟﺨﯿﺮﯾّﺔ ﻟﺘﻘﺪﯾﻤﮭﺎ اﻟﺼّﺤﯿّﺔ ﻟﻸﺷﺨﺎص ذوي اﻹﻋﺎﻗﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ ذاع ِ ّﺻﯿﺖ اﻟﻤﻨﻈ ُ ّ وﻗﺪ/ .ﻣﺪﯾﻨﺔ ﺣﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﺬ اﻟﻘِﺪم ﺑﺈﻧﺘﺎج ﺻﺎﺑﻮن اﻟﻐﺎر اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻮع ﯾﺪوﯾًﺎ ﺻﯿﺖ وﻗﺪ ذاع/ .اﻟﺮﯾﻔﯿّﺔ ِ ُ ّ اﻟﻮﻟﻲ .اﻟﺒﻼد وﻋﺮﺿﮭﺎ اﻟﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻓﻲ طﻮل ﺻﯿﺖ ذاع ّ ِ The charitable organisation has become renowned for providing health care to disabled people in rural areas./Since ancient times, the city of Aleppo became famous for its production of the handmade laurel soap./The holy man’s fame has spread far and wide throughout the nation. ﻣﻮع ف ﱡ َ اﻟﺪ َ َذَر To shed tears; to weep or cry. ّ ّ ّ ﺎس اﻟﺪﻣﻮع ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ / .ﻣﺘﻮﺟﮭًﺎ ﻧﺤﻮ اﻟﻤﻘﺒﺮة اﻟﺠﻨﺎﺋﺰي اﻟﻤﮭﯿﺐ ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﻮﻛﺐ ﻣﺮ ﺑﮭﻢ ُ ُ ّذرف اﻟﻨ ّ ﺗﻢ اﻏﺘﯿﺎﻟﮫ ُ ّ ﺻﺪﯾﻖ ذرﻓﺖ / .دﻣﻮع اﻟﺘّﻤﺎﺳﯿﺢ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﯾﺬرﻓﻮن اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮﯾﻦ أن وأﺷﺎر َ َ َ ّ ﯿﺎﺳﻲ اﻟﺬي ّ اﻟﺴ ِ ّ اﻟﺮﯾﺎﺿﯿّﺔُ دﻣﻮع اﻟﻔﺮح ﻷﻧّﮭﺎ ﻓﺎزت ﺑﺎﻟﻤﯿﺪاﻟﯿّﺔ ّ ُاﻟﻤﺘﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ .اﻟﺬھﺒﯿّﺔ People shed tears as the majestic funeral procession of the king passed by, making its way to the cemetery./The assassinated politician’s friend noted that many were weeping crocodile tears on him./The athlete wept tears of joy when she won the gold medal. DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-10 81 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases اﻟﺼﻌﺎب َذﻟّ َﻞ ﱢ To overcome challenges or diffculties; to overcome the odds, obstacles, or hurdles; to surmount. ُﺳﺘﺠﺪ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ً ُ ﺳﺒﯿﻼ ﻟﺘﺬﻟﯿﻞ / .اﻟﺼﻌﺎب ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ اﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﻟﻘﺪ ذﻟّﻞ ﺷﻌﺒُﻨﺎ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ ﱢ ﻧﻨﺎﻗﺶ اﻟﻘﻀﺎﯾﺎ ﺑﮭﺪوء وﻧﺮى ﻛﯿﻒ ﻧﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ ﯾﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﯿﻨﺎ أن / .اﻟﺼﻌﺎب وإﻋﺎدة إﻋﻤﺎر اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ ُ ﱢ َ .اﻟﺼﻌﺎب ﺗﺬﻟﯿﻞ ﱢ Our people have overcome many diffculties for the sake of stability./The government will fnd a way to overcome the odds and rebuild the city./We need to discuss the issues calmly and see how we can surmount the diffculties. َذھﺎﺑًﺎ وإِﯾﺎﺑًﺎ Round-trip; there and back. ُ ّ اﻟﮭﺪف ﻣﻦ / .اﻷرض إﻟﻰ اﻟﻘﻤﺮ ذھﺎﺑًﺎ وإﯾﺎﺑًﺎ رﺣﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﺣﻠﺔ ھﻮ أﺧﺬ ُرّواد اﻟﻔﻀﺎء ﻓﻲ ﻛﺎن ٍ ِ / .ﺳﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮك ذھﺎﺑًﺎ وإﯾﺎﺑًﺎ ﻛﻠّﻤﺎ اﺣﺘﺎج اّﻟﺬھﺎب إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﺣﺎض ّ ﯾﺘﻢ أﺧﺬ اﻟﻤﺮﯾﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﺮ ّ ﻛﺎن .اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ ذھﺎﺑًﺎ وإﯾﺎﺑًﺎ َ ﻋﺎدةً ﻣﺎ ﺗﻤﺸﻲ اﺑﻨﺘﻲ إﻟﻰ The goal of the trip was to take the astronauts on a round-trip from Earth to the moon./The patient was wheeled there and back whenever he needed to use the toilet./My daughter usually walks to school there and back. ﯾﺎح راج ﱢ َ ﺐ أَ ْد َ َذَھ ِ اﻟﺮ To go up in smoke; to go up in fames; to fade away; to go with the wind. ُ ﻼﻣﮭﻢ أدراج اﻟﺮﯾﺎح ﺣﯿﻦ اﻧﮭﺎرت ﺳ / .ﻮق اﻷوراق اﻟﻤﺎﻟﯿّﺔ وﺧﺴﺮوا ﺟﻤﯿﻊ أﻣﻮاﻟﮭﻢ ُ ذھﺒﺖ أﺣ ّ ﺟﮭﻮد اﻟﻮﺳﯿﻂ ُ وﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﺴﻼم أدراج اﻟﺮﯾﺎح ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻢ إطﻼق ﺻﻮارﯾﺦ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﺼﺮ ذھﺒﺖ ّ اﻟﺪ / .ﺣﮫ ﺗﺬھﺐ أدراج اﻟﺮﯾﺎح ُ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺷﻌﺮ ﺻﺎ/ .ﻣﻲ َ ﺣﺐ اﻟﻤﻄﻌﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺰِن ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ رأى ﻓ ّ اﻟﺤﻜﻮ ِ ﺮص ﻧﺠﺎ ّ ﯾﺒﺪو .أن اﻹﯾﻤﺎن ﺑﺎﻟﻘﯿﻢ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻘﺔ ﻗﺪ ذھﺐ أدراج اﻟﺮﯾﺎح They lost money when the stock market crashed, and their dreams went up in smoke./The international mediator’s peace efforts went up into fames when rockets were fred on the government palace./The restaurant owner felt sad when he saw his chances of success fade away./It seems that belief in absolute values has gone with the wind. 82 ﺣﺮف اﻟﺬال ﺪى ُ ﺐ ً ﺳ َ َذَھ To go in vain; to be wasted; to be fruitless. ّ دﻟﯿﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ّ ّإن اﻟﺘ ّ ّ ﺳﺪى ٌ ﻛﻞ ﻟﻘﺪ ذھﺒﺖ/ .أن ﺟﮭﻮدﻧﺎ ﻟﻢ ﺗﺬھﺐ ﺳﺪى ﻘﺪم اﻟﺬي ﻧﺸﮭﺪهُ ھﻮ ً ُ أدرﻛﺖ / .ﻟﻠﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ھُﻮﯾّﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﯾﺾ اﻟﺬي ﯾﺘﻮﻟّﻰ ﻋﻼﺟﮫ ﻔﺴﻲ ّ ّاﻟﻤﺤﺎوﻻت ﻹﻗﻨﺎع اﻟﻄّﺒﯿﺐ اﻟﻨ ِ ِ ّ .أن اﻟﺨﺒﺮةَ اﻟﺘﻲ اﻛﺘﺴﺒﺘُﮭﺎ ﻟﻢ ﺗﺬھﺐ ﺳﺪى The progress that we are witnessing is proof that our efforts did not go in vain./The attempts to persuade the psychiatrist to disclose his patient’s identity went in vain./I realised that the experience I had gained did not go wasted. 83 ر ﺣﺮف اﻟﺮاء اﻟﺼْﺪَع ب ﱠ َ ََرأ To mend the rift. ْ اﻟﻘﻤﺔ ّ طﻠﺒﺖ / .اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻄّﺮﻓﯿﻦ اﻟﺨﻼﻓﺎت اﻟﺼﺪع وﺗﺴﻮﯾﺔ ب َ رأ ّ ﻻ ﻧﺘﻮﻗُّﻊ أن ﺗﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ ِ ِ ِ ّ ﺑﺮأب ﺳﺘﺮأب ھﺬه اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔُ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔُ ﻋﻠﻰ/ .اﻟﺼﺪع ﺑﯿﻨﮫُ وﺑﯿﻦ واﻟﺪه ﯾﻘﻮم وﻟﺪھﺎ أن ِ ِ اﻷم ﻣﻦ ﱡ َ ّ اﻟﺼﺪع ّ اﻟﻤﺴﺎواة .ﯿﺎﺳﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻠﺪ ّ اﻟﺴ We do not expect the summit to mend the rift between the two sides./The mother asked her son to mend the rift between him and his father./This egalitarian government will mend the political drift in the country. ﺄش َ ُراﺑِﻂ ِ اﻟﺠ A person who shows equanimity; to be calm and composed in diffcult situations. ﺑﺮﺑﺎطﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﺘّﺤﻠّﻲ/ .ﮭﻢ ھﺎدﺋًﺎ وراﺑﻂَ اﻟﺠﺄش ﻟﺪى ﺳﻤﺎع ﺣﻜﻢ اﻟﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ِ ُ ّﺑﺪا اﻟﻤﺘ ّ اﻟﺠﺄش واﻟﺼﻤﻮد ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻠّﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ھﺬه اﻟﻈّﺮوف أﻟﻘﺖ اﻟﺤﯿﺎةُ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺎھﻠﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﮭﻤﺎ/ .اﻟﺼﻌﺒﺔ ِ َأﻣﻮر ﻓﺴﺘﺠﺪھﺎ راﺑﻄﺔ ُ .ﺗﺨﺎف وﻻ ﺗﻔﺰع اﻟﺠﺄش ﻻ ِ The defendant appeared calm and composed when he listened to the court ruling./Everyone has to be composed and steadfast in overcoming these diffcult times./Regardless of what life throws at her, she is always composed and collected. 84 DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-11 ﺣﺮف اﻟﺮاء أﺳﺎ َﻋﻠﻰ َﻋﻘِﺐ ً َر To be upside down. ّ ّ ﻗﻠﺐ/ .واﻟﺮﻋﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺤﺐ وﻓﺎة رأﺳﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻘِﺐ ﺑﻌﺪ ُزوﺟﺘﮫ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻤﻨﺤﮫ ً ُاﻧﻘﻠﺒﺖ ﺣﯿﺎﺗﮫ ِ ِ ّ ّ ﻣﺤﻘّﻘﻮ ُ اﻟﻌﺸﺮات ﻣﻦ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص وﻗﺪ ﻋﻠِﻖ/ .رأﺳﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻘِﺐ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺤﺜﮭﻢ ﻋﻦ أدﻟﺔ اﻟﺸﺮطﺔ ً اﻟﺪار َ .اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ اﻟﺘّﺮﻓﯿﮭﯿّﺔ رأﺳﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻘِﺐ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻄﺎر اﻟﻤﻼھﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻄّﻞ ﻓﻲ ً ِ His life turned upside down after the death of his wife, who gave him love and care./The police investigators turned the house upside down in search of evidence./Dozens of people were left hanging upside down on a malfunctioning roller coaster at the amusement park. ُراوَح َﻣﻜﺎﻧَﮫ َ To mark time; to go in circles; to march in place; to be stagnant, to remain stalled or stuck; to stay unchanged; to show no progress; to linger. ّ ﺮاوﺣﻮن ﻣﻜﺎﻧﮭﻢ ﻓﻲ ّ ﻟﺪي اﻧﻄﺒﺎع ّ ﯾﻌﻮدون إﻧّﮭﻢ، ﺑﻞ أﺳﻮأ ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ،اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ُأن اﻟﻄّﻠﺒﺔَ ﯾ َ َ ُاﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺗ ّ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺣﯿﺎة/ .اﻟﻘﮭﻘﺮى / .ﻋﻤﻞ ﻟﻢ ﯾُﻌﺠﺒﮫ ﻣﻄﻠﻘًﺎ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺎن ﻋﺎﻟﻘًﺎ ﻓﻲ،ﺮاوح ﻣﻜﺎﻧﮭﺎ ُ ٍ ُ .ﺗﻌﺰف ﻣﻮﺳﯿﻘﻰ اﻟﻘﺮب راوﺣﺖ اﻟﻔﺮﻗﺔُ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﯿﻘﯿّﺔُ اﻻﺳﻜﺘﻠﻨﺪﯾّﺔ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﮭﺎ ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ِ I have the impression that the students are marking time, or worse still, going backwards./The man’s life was going in circles, as he was stuck in a job he never liked./The Scottish music band was marching in place and playing bagpipe music. ﺴﮭﺎ ِ راوَدْﺗﮫُ َﻋْﻦ ﻧَْﻔ ِ راوَدھﺎ َﻋْﻦ ﻧَْﻔ َ / ﺴِﮫ َ To offer oneself sexually or intimately to someone; to have sexual advances; to seek to seduce someone; to make improper advances to someone. ّ راود َاﻟﻤﺘﮭﻮر اﻟﻔﺘﺎة ّ ُراودت اﻟﻤﺮأة اﻟﺸ ﱡ ﺎب / .وأﻋﺮض ﻋﻨﮭﺎ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ ﻓﺄدار وﺟﮭﮫ ﺟﻞ ﻋﻦ َ ّ َ َ اﻟﺮ ِ ِ ّ ﻧﻔﺴﮭﺎ َﺣﺎوﻟﺖ اﻣﺮأةُ اﻟﻌﺰﯾﺰ ﻣﺮاودة ﺒﻲ ﯾﻮﺳﻒ ّ ّ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺼﺔ اﻟﻨ/ .وھﺪدھﺎ ﻛﻲ ﻻ ﺗُﺒﻠﻎ ﻋﻨﮫ ِ ِ ﻋﻦ .ﻧﻔﺴﮫ ﻟﻜﻨّﮫ رﻓﺾ ﯾﻮﺳﻒ ﻋﻦ ِ 85 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases The woman offered herself sexually to the man, who rejected her advances by turning his face away from her./The reckless young man made sexual advances to the young woman and threatened her not to report him./In the story of Joseph, Potiphar’s wife tried to seduce Joseph, but he refused. اﻟﮭْﯿﺌ َِﺔ َ َرﱡث To have a shabby appearance (human); to be dressed in rags. ُ َ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ رﺛّﺔ،ﻋﺮﻓﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﺮھﺎ أﻧّﮭﺎ ﻣﺤﺘﺎﺟﺔٌ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ُ اﻟﮭﯿﺌﺔ وﻣﺘﻌﺒﺔً وﻻ ﺗﻨﻈﺮ ﺗﻜﺎد ُ ِ ُ ﺗﺘﺤﺪ ّ ،ﺷﺨﺺ ﻓﻘﯿﺮ دور / .إﻟﻲ ﻋﯿﻨﻲ ﺣﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ ُ َ ﯾﻠﻌﺐ اﻟﻤﻤﺜّ ُﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺰء اﻷول ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﯿﻠﻢ ّ ث ّ ٍ وﯾﻈﮭﺮ ﻓﯿﮫ ﱠ .ﻣﻌﺪﻣﺎ اﻟﮭﯿﺌﺔ رث ِ ً I knew from the way she looked that she needed help. She was shabby, looked tired, and hardly looked into my eyes when she spoke to me./The actor plays in the frst part of the flm the role of an impoverished person, in which he appears to be shabby and destitute. َرﺛﻰ ﻟِﺤﺎﻟِِﮫ To feel pity or sorry for someone or something. ّإن اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘ ُ ﻟﻘﺪ ّ / .اﻟﺼﻌﺐ ّ دوﻣﺎ أرﺛﻲ ﻟﺤﺎل اﻟﻄّﻠﺒﺔ اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ّ ّ ون ھﺬا اﻻﻣﺘﺤﺎن ﺠﺎري َ ﯾﺆد ً ﻛﻨﺖ ْ اﻟﻤﺰارﻋﯿﻦ اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﺷﻘﻮا طﻮال اﻟﻌﺎم ﻟﺤﺎل رﺛﺖ ﻟﻘﺪ/ .ﻋﺎم ﻣﻦ اﻹﻏﻼق َ ٍ ﺣﺎل ﯾُﺮﺛﻰ ﻟﮭﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ٍ ﻓﻲ ِ ّ ﻟﯿﺮوا ﻣﺤﺎﺻﯿﻠﮭﻢ .ﻄﺮم ﻓﯿﮭﺎ اﻟﻨّﺎر ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻘﻮل ُ ﺗﻀ I have always felt pity for the students who do this diffcult exam./The shopping centre is in a miserable state after a year of closure./She felt pity for the farmers who worked hard for an entire year just to see their crops burned up in the felds. َ َِرْﺟًﻤﺎ ﺑ ﺐ ِ ﺎﻟﻐْﯿ To be guesswork; to pluck something out of the air. ُ ُ ﻧﻌﺘﻘﺪ / رﺟﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﯿﺐ؟ ﻘﺔ أم أﻧّﮭﺎ ُوﺿﻌﺖ اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻌﺎت اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﯾّﺔُ ﻣﺒﻨﯿّﺔٌ ﻋﻠﻰ ھﻞ ھﺬه ٍ ﻣﻌﻤ ٍ دراﺳﺔ ﱠ ً ّ ّ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻟﻌﺪد ّ أن اﻟﺘّﻘﺪﯾﺮات ﻧﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ وﻟﯿﺲ ﯾﺠﺐ أن / .رﺟﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﯿﺐ اﻟﺴّﻜﺎن ﺟﺎءت ُ َ ً ُ .ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﺟﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﯿﺐ اﻻﻓﺘﺮاﺿﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ِ 86 ﺣﺮف اﻟﺮاء Are these economic projections based on an in-depth study, or are the projected fgures guesswork?/We believe that the former estimates of the number of inhabitants were mere guesswork./We must rely on facts, not the assumptions that are plucked from the air. ﺻﺎﻋْﯿﻦ ﺎع َ َ اﻟﺼ ّ َرﱠد Two-fold response or retaliation; to infict a double punishment; to retaliate with more force or double the force. ّ ّ ٌﻣﺴﺘﻌﺪة ّ ّ اﻟﺪﻓﺎع ّ وزﯾﺮ ّ اﻟﺼﺎع ﺻﺎﻋﯿﻦ إن وﻗﻊ ّ ﻟﺮد أي ﻋﺪوان ﻋﻠﻰ أن اﻟﻘﻮات اﻟﻤﺴﻠّﺤﺔ وأﻛﺪ ُ ُ ّ ﺷﯿﺦ اﻟﻌﺸﯿﺮة أن ّ اﻟﺼﺎع ﺻﺎﻋﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ّ ﯾﺮد ّ ﻟﻘﺪ/ .اﻟﻨّﻘﺎط اﻟﺤﺪودﯾّﺔ أھﺎن ﺟﻞ اﻟﺬي ﻗﺮر َ ِ اﻟﺮ .إﺣﺪى ﻧﺴﺎء ﻋﺸﯿﺮﺗﮫ The minister of defence threatened two-fold retaliation if any of the border posts were attacked./The sheikh of the tribe has decided to infict a double punishment on the man who insulted one of his tribe’s women. ﺖ ﻧِﯿﺮ َ َرَزَح ﺗ َْﺤ Under the yoke; to fall under the control of or at the mercy of oppressive force. ُ ﻣﺎ ﯾﺰال ﺗﺮزح ﺑﻌﺪ اﻷزﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﯿّﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﺼﻔﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻼد/ .اﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﯾﺮزح ﺗﺤﺖ ﻧﯿﺮ اﻻﺳﺘﺒﺪاد ُ / .ﺣﻞ ﻟﻸزﻣﺔ ﻮن إﻟﻰ إﯾﺠﺎِد ﱟ ُ ا َ ّ وﯾﺴﻌﻰ اﻟﺨﺒﺮاُء اﻟﻤﺎﻟﯿ،ﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻨﻮك اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿّﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻧﯿﺮ اّﻟﺪﯾﻮن ّ .إن اﻟﻤﻼﯾﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺸﺮ ﻣﺎ ﯾﺰاﻟﻮن رازﺣﯿﻦ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻧﯿﺮ اﻟﻌﺒﻮدﯾّﺔ اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺜﺔ The country is still under the control of tyranny./After the fnancial crisis, many local banks are under the yoke of debt, and fnancial experts are seeking a solution./Millions of people are still living under the yoke of modern slavery. ُرْﻏَﻢ أَ ْﻧﻔِِﮫ Against somebody’s will or wish; in defance of someone’s will; to act against someone’s reluctance; despite the disagreement of somebody. ّ ﻼب ﻟﻠﺸﻮراع رﻏﻢ أﻧﻒ ا ﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎت ﻟﻼﺣﺘﺠﺎج ﻋﻠﻰ ُ ّ ﻧﺰل اﻟﻄ/ .ﺗﮫ ّ ﺗ ِ ﻧﻒ واﻟﺪ ِ ﺰوﺟﮭﺎ رﻏﻢ أ أﻣﺮﺗﮫ اﻟﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺑﺄن ﯾﻘﻮم رﻏﻢ أﻧﻔﮫ ﺑﺘﺴﻠﯿﻢ ﻛﻞ ﺳﺠﻼت اﻟﻘﻀﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ/ .ﻼق اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺎت ِ إﻏ .ﺑﺤﻮزﺗﮫ 87 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases He married her against his mother’s will./In defance of the authorities, the students took to the streets to protest the closure of universities./The court has ordered him, against his reluctance, to hand over all the records he has about the case. ُﻘﯿﺮﺗَﮫ َ َرﻓََﻊ َﻋ To raise one’s voice; to shout and talk very loudly. ّ اﻟﺰﻋﯿﻢ ّ اﻟﻄﻔﻞ أﻟﻘﻰ/ .ﺑﻤﻘﺎطﻌﺔ اﻟﺒﻀﺎﺋﻊ اﻷﺟﻨﺒﯿّﺔ ورﻓﻊ ﻋﻘﯿﺮﺗﮫُ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻄﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﻌﺒﻮي اﻟﺸ وﻏﻀﺐ ُ َ َ ِ ُ ْ اﻟﻤﺨﻤﻮر ﱡ ﱡ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺮاخ ﺣﺎﻟﻤﺎ ﻋﻘﯿﺮﺗﮫ ﺑﺮﻓِﻊ اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺑﺪأ/ .ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺮاخ ورﻓﻊ ﻋﻘﯿﺮﺗﮫ أرﺿﺎ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﮫ ُ ُ ً َ ِ .ﺑﺪأ اﻟﻌﺮض The populist leader got angered and raised his voice, demanding the boycott of foreign goods./The child threw himself on the foor and raised his voice screaming./The drunken man started shouting as the show got underway. ُ َرﻓَ َﻊ اﻟﻜْﻠﻔَﺔ To behave informally with someone; to take liberties with someone; to be on a frst-name basis with someone. ُ ْ إن ّ / .اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ اﻟﻜﻠﻔﺔَ ﺑﯿﻨﮫ وﺑﯿﻦ طﻼّﺑﮫ واﺳﺘﺒﺪﻟﮭﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺪاﻗﺔ ﻣﻌﮭﻢ اﻟﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻹﺧﻮة ﻻ رﻓﻊ رﻓﻊ ِ .أرﻓﻊ اﻟﻜﻠﻔﺔَ ﻣﻊ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ زﻣﻼﺋﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ أﻧﺎ ﻻ/ .ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ﻗﻠّﺔ اﻻﺣﺘﺮام وإﻧّﻤﺎ دﻟﯿﻞ ﻣﺤﺒ ٍّﺔ وﺗﻘﺎرب ُ The professor has lifted the formality between him and his students and replaced it with friendship./Taking the liberties among brothers does not mean lack of respect, rather is a sign of love and closeness./I am not on a frst-name basis with all my colleagues at work. َرﻓَ َﻊ )ِﻣﻦ( َﻣْﻌﻨَ ِﻮﯾّﺎﺗِ ِﮫ To boost somebody’s morale; to raise someone’s spirits. ْ اﻟﻤﻼزم أﺧﺒِﺮﻧﻲ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي أﺳﺘﻄﯿﻊ/ .ﻟﺤﻘﺖ ﺑﮭﻢ رﻓﻊ ﺣﺎول ِ ﻣﻌﻨﻮﯾﺎت اﻟﺠﻨﻮد ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﮭﺰﯾﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ِ ُ ُ ّ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ وﺟﻮد واﻟﺪﺗﻲ ﻣﻌﻲ أﺛﻨﺎء ﻟﻘﺪ رﻓﻊ/ اﻟﺼﻌﺐ؟ ﻷرﻓﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﻮﯾﺎﺗﻚ ﻓﻲ ھﺬا ُأن أﻓﻌﻠﮫ َ ِ .إﺟﺮاءات اﻟﻄّﻼق ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﻮﯾﺎﺗﻲ The lieutenant tried to boost the morale of the soldiers after their defeat./Tell me! What can I do to lift your spirits in this diffcult time?/Having my mother with me throughout the divorce proceedings lifted my spirits. 88 ﺣﺮف اﻟﺮاء ﺴِﮫ ِ َرﱠوَح ِﻋْﻦ ﻧَْﻔ/ ََرﻓﱠﮫ To self-entertain; to take recreation; to unwind. اﻻﺳﺘﺮﺧﺎء واﻟﺘّﺮﻓﯿﮫ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨّﺎس إﻟﻰ اﻟﻨّﺎدي ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻄﻠﺔ ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ اﻷﺳﺒﻮع ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ُ ِ ﻋﻤﻞ اﺳﺘﻐﺮﻗﺖ ﻟﻢ ﯾﺬھﺒﻮا إﻟﻰ اﻟﻘﺎھﺮة ﻟﯿﺮﻓّﮭﻮا ﻋﻦ أﻧﻔﺴﮭﻢ وإﻧّﻤﺎ ذھﺒﻮا إﻟﯿﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ رﺣﻠﺔ/ .اﻟﻨّﻔﺲ ٍ ً ﺑﺤﺎﺟﺔ ﻷن ﺗﺮﻓّﮭﻮا ﻋﻦ أﻧﻔﺴﻜﻢ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻻ إن ﻛﻨﺘﻢ/ ﻣﺎذا ﺗﻔﻌﻠﯿﻦ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻓﯿﮫ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻚ؟/ .أﺳﺒﻮﻋﺎ ٍ ّ ﺗﻠﺘﺤﻘﻮن ﺑﺼﺎﻟﺔ اﻷﻟﻌﺎب اﻟﺮﯾﺎﺿﯿّﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺘﻜﻢ؟ On weekends, many people come to the club for relaxation and self-entertainment./They did not go to Cairo to entertain themselves but went on a week-long business trip./What do you do to unwind?/If you are looking to unwind, why not join your local gym? َر ﱠ ُق ﻟَﮫُ ﻗَ ْﻠﺒُﮫ To feel emotional about something; to feel pity for someone. ُ ّ وﻟﻦ،أظﻦ أﻧّﮫ ﻗﺎﺳﻲ اﻟﻘﻠﺐ ّ ﻛﻨﺖ ّ ّإﻻ أﻧّﮫ اﺣﺘﻀﻨَﮭﺎ،وﺗﻮﺳﻼت اﻟﻄّﻔﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻜﯿﻨﺔ ﯾﺮق ﻗﻠﺒﮫُ ﻟﺪﻣﻮع ّ َ وﺣﯿﻦ رأﯾﺘﮫُ ﯾ/ .رق ﻗﻠﺒﻲ ﻟﺤﺪﯾﺜﮭﺎ اﻟﻤﺆﺛّﺮ ّ ﻟﻘﺪ/ .دﻣﻮﻋﮭﺎ ﻘﻮد اﻟﻘﻠﯿﻠﺔَ اﻟﺘﻲ أﺧﺮﺟﮭﺎ وﻣﺴﺢ َ ّﻌﺪ اﻟﻨ َ ُ ّ ﺟﯿﺒﮫ ﻟﯿﻌﻄﯿﮭﺎ ﻟﻲ .ورﻓﻀﺖ أﺧﺬھﺎ رق ﻟﮫ ﻗﻠﺒﻲ ﻣﻦ ِ I thought he was hard-hearted, and his heart would not fall to the tears and pleas of the poor child, but he hugged her and wiped her tears./Her talk was touching; I felt emotional about it./I felt pity for him when I saw him counting the few coins he took out of his pocket to give to me, and I refused to take them. ُ ﺳﮫ َ ﺐ َر ْأ َ َرِﻛ To dig one’s heels in; to stick to one’s guns; to become obstinate; to stubbornly refuse to take others’ opinions or change one’s chosen course of action. ّﻣﻮﻗﻔﮫ اﻟﺘ ّ أﻧﺎ/ .ﻔﺎوﺿﻲ ﺿﻌﻒ رأﺳﮫ ورﻓﺾ اﻟﻤﺴﺎوﻣﺔ رﻏﻢ اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ُرﻛﻮب أﺻﺮ ُ ّ ِ ِ ِ ّ وزﯾﺮ رﻛﺐ/ .رأﺳﮭﺎ أﺻﺮت أن ﺳﺘﺪﻣﺮ ﺣﯿﺎﺗﮭﺎ إن ﻓﺈﻧّﮭﺎ،ﻻ أﺗّﻔﻖ ﻣﻌﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺮارھﺎ ُ َ ﺗﺮﻛﺐ َ ّ ْ / .ﺿﺪ ﻧﺼﺎﺋﺢ اﻟﺨﺒﺮاء ّ رأﺳﮫ ﻓﺒﻼ ّ اﻟﻤﻀﻲ ّ رأﺳﮫ ﺷﻚ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم إن رﻛﺐ وﻗﺮر َ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ َ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﯿّﺔ ّ ّ ُ .ﺳﺎﺑﻘﮫ ﻣﺼﯿﺮ ﺳﯿﻠﻘﻰ َ ِ Despite the president’s weak negotiating position, he insisted on digging his heels in and refused to compromise./I disagree with her decision; her 89 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases sticking to her guns will destroy her life./The fnance minister became obstinate and went against the advice of the experts./If the current regime decides to become obstinate, then it will undoubtedly meet the fate of its predecessor. ﯿﺮ ُ اﻟﺮَﻣ ﱠ ُ ﻖ اﻷَِﺧ The last breath; to be dying; on the verge of death. ُ ّ ﻗﺎل/ .اﻟﺮﻣﻖ اﻷﺧﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻛﺔ ّ اﻟﺠﻨﻮد ﺣﺘﻰ ﱡ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻷﺣﻔﺎده ﺑﺄﻧّﮫ ﺟﻞ اﻟﻌﺠﻮز ﻗﺎﺗﻞ ُ اﻟﺮ ِ ّ إﻧّﻨﺎ ﻧﺸﮭﺪ/ .اﻟﺮﻣﻖ اﻷﺧﯿﺮ ّ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺮس اﻷﺷﺠﺎر ﺣﺘﻰ ﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ازدھﺮت ﻓﻲ ﺟﻨﺎن ﻣﻖ اﻷﺧﯿﺮ َ اﻟﺮ ٍ .اﻟﻨﺨﯿﻞ ﺣﻮل ﺷﻂّ اﻟﻌﺮب The soldiers fought to their last breath in the battle./The old man told his grandchildren that he will continue planting trees until his last breath./We are witnessing the last breath of a culture that thrived in the palm-flled paradise around Shatt Al-Arab. إﺷﺎرﺗِِﮫ َرْھُﻦ َ At the disposal of someone; at someone’s command; at someone’s beck and call; at someone’s fngertips. ُ ُ ً رھﻦ إﺷﺎرة وﺳﯿﻜﻮن ،طﻮال اﻟﯿﻮم ﻟﺨﺪﻣﺘِﻜﻢ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﮫ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدا ﻓﻲ ﺳﯿﻜﻮن ﺳﻜﺮﺗﯿﺮي اﻟﺨﺎص َ َ ِ ّ ّ اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎت رھﻦ إﺷﺎرة ﻟﻘﺪ ﻋﺒّﺮﻧﺎ ﺳﺎﺑﻘًﺎ ﻋﻦ اﺳﺘﻌﺪادﻧﺎ ﻟﻮﺿﻊ أﻧﻈﻤﺘِﻨﺎ/ .اﻟﻀﯿﻮف اﻟﻜﺮام َ ّ / .اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﯿّﺔ ُ ّ .رھﻦ إﺷﺎرة اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﯿﻦ ﻣﺤﺮك اﻟﺒﺤﺚ إن My private secretary will be at his desk all day to serve you and will be at the command of all distinguished guests./We have previously expressed our readiness to put our system at the disposal of government institutions./The search engine is at the fngerprints of users. ُرَوْﯾًﺪا ُرَوْﯾًﺪا Slowly; little by little; bit by bit; in dribs and drabs. ّ وأﺧﺬ ُ ً ً اﻟﺸ ﱡ ﯾﺒﺘﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﺮﻓﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ أن ﺳﺌﻢ ﻣﺠﻮﻧَﮭﺎ واﻧﺤﺮاﻓﮭﺎ روﯾﺪا روﯾﺪا ﺎب ّ ﺷﻚ ﻋﻨﺪي ّ ﻻ/ .اﻷﺧﻼﻗﻲ ً ً روﯾﺪا ﺗﺤﺎول ﺑﺄن زوﺟﺘﮫ اﻟﺜّﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﺑﺪأت / .أوﻻده ﺒﻌﺪه ﻋﻦ ُ َ ُروﯾﺪا أن ﺗ ّ ِ ِ ً ً ّ .داﺧﻞ اﻟﺤﺎوﯾﺔ روﯾﺪا إﻟﻰ روﯾﺪا ب ُ ﺗﺘﺴﺮ ُاﻟﻤﯿﺎه ِ 90 ﺣﺮف اﻟﺮاء The young man slowly began to move away from that deviant group, after he got tired of their obscenity and moral perversion./I have no doubt that his second wife is taking him away bit by bit from his children./Water began to seep into the container little by little. 91 ز ﺣﺮف اﻟﺰاي ًﯿﻦ ﺑِﻠّﺔ َ ّزاد اﻟﻄ َ To make matters worse; to be further compounded by; to add insult to injury; to add fuel to the fre. ُ ّ إﯾﻘﺎف ﺗﻢ اﻻﻋﺘﺪاء ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ،اﻟﺮﺟﻞ وﺗﻔﺘﯿﺸﮫُ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺘّﻔﺘﯿﺶ ﺗﻢ ّ وﻣﻤﺎ زاد اﻟﻄّﯿﻦ ﺑﻠّﺔ أﻧّﮫ ّ ّ ّ ﻟﻘﺪ/ .ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮب ّ وﻣﻤﺎ زاد اﻟﻄﯿﻦ ﺑﻠّﺔ ﻣﺤﺎوﻻﺗﮭﺎ،اﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺎدﺛﺔ ﺮت اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔُ ﻓﻲ ِ ِ ﺗﺄﺧ ُ ﻟﻢ/ .ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻄﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ً اﻟﮭﺎﺗﻒ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻺﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺳﺌﻠﺘﻲ وﻣﺎ زاد اﻟﻄﯿﻦ ﺑﻠّﺔ أﻧّﮫ أﻏﻠﻖ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺪا ﯾﻜﻦ َ ِ .ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﻤﺤﺎدﺛﺔ وﺟﮭﻲ ﻓﻲ ِ The man was stopped and searched at the checkpoint and, to make matters worse, he was assaulted./The government’s late response to the incident was further compounded by its attempts to conceal it./He was not prepared to answer my questions, and to add insult to injury, he hung up on me in the middle of the discussion. راﻓﺎت َوُوْﺣﺪاﻧًﺎ َز ٍ In droves; to fock. ٌ ﺗﻮﺟﮫ ّ زراﻓﺎت ووﺣﺪاﻧًﺎ إﻟﻰ ﻣﻀﻤﺎر ّ ّ ٌ ﻋﺪد / .اﻟﺴﺒﺎق اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪ ﺑﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ اﻓﺘﺘﺎﺣﮫ اﻟﻤﺸﺠﻌﯿﻦ ﻛﺒﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ ٍ ّ ﺎج إﻟﻰ ّ ﺟﺎء/ .اﻟﺤﺞ َﻣﻜﺔ ّ ّ زراﻓﺎت ووﺣﺪاﻧًﺎ ﺒﺎب زراﻓﺎت ووﺣﺪاﻧًﺎ ﻷداء ﻣﺮاﺳﻢ ُ اﻟﺸ ُ اﻟﺤّﺠ ُ ﯾﺘﻮﺟﮫ ٍ ٍ .ﺿﻔﺎف اﻟﻨّﮭﺮ ﻟﻤﺸﺎھﺪة ﻋﺮض اﻷﻟﻌﺎب اﻟﻨﺎرﯾّﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ِ ِ A huge number of spectators showed up in droves for the opening of the new racecourse./Pilgrims fock to Mecca to perform the Hajj ceremony./ Young people came in droves to watch the freworks display on the river banks. 92 DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-12 ﺣﺮف اﻟﺰاي ﺸﺮى ْ ُف اﻟﺒ َز ﱠ To break the good news; to announce the good news; to share the good news. ّ اﻟﺰواج ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﯿﻮﻧﯿﺮ ّ ﺖ اﻟﻤﻄﺮﺑﺔُ اﻟﺒﺸﺮى ﻋﻦ ﻧﯿّﺘﮭﺎ ّ اﻟﺸ ﺎب ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻔﺤﺘﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ وﺳﺎﺋﻞ ِ ّزﻓ ّ / .ﯾﺰف ﻟﮭﻢ اﻟﺒﺸﺮى ﺑﻔﻮزه ﻓﻲ اﻟﯿﺎﻧﺼﯿﺐ اﻷب إﻟﻰ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺘﮫ ﻛﻲ أﺳﺮع/ .اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ اﻻﺗّﺼﺎل ُ ّ ّ ّ .ﺳﺎﻟﻤﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻔﺪى اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ ﻧﺰف اﻟﺒﺸﺮى ﺑﻤﻐﺎدرة ﻣﻠِ ِﻜﻨﺎ ﯾُﺴﻌﺪﻧﺎ أن ً The singer broke the good news of her intended marriage to the young millionaire on her social media page./Hurrying back to his family, the father broke the good news of winning the lottery./We are happy to share the good news that our beloved king has left the hospital safe and sound. ﻣﻮر ُ َﻣ/ ﻣﺎم ِ ُﻘﺎﻟﯿﺪ اﻷ ُ ِز To take the reins of power; to be in control; to take matters into one’s hands; to be in charge. ّ / .زﻣﺎم اﻷﻣﻮر ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻼد ُ َ ﯾﺮﯾﺪ إﺑﻘﺎء زﻣﺎم اﻷخ اﻷﻛﺒﺮ إن اﻟﺤﺰب ﺑﺪﻋﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﯿﺶ ﺗﻮﻟّﻰ ُ ٍ َ َ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺣﺎن اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻧﺄﺧﺬ ﺑﺰﻣﺎم أﻣﻮرﻧﺎ ﺑﺄﯾﺪﯾﻨﺎ وﻧﺒﻨﻲ/ .ﺳﯿﻄﺮﺗﮫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ اﻷﻣﻮر ﺗﺤﺖ ِ .وطﻨَﻨﺎ Through the support of the army, the party seized the reins of power in the country./The big brother wants to keep everything under his control in the family./It is time to take matters into our hands and build our country. َزْوﺑَ َﻌﺔٌ ﻓﻲ ﻓِْﻨﺠﺎن A storm in a teacup. ّ إن ّ / “.اﻟﺠﺪل اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﺣﻮل اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪ ﺑﺄﻧّﮫ ”زوﺑﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻨﺠﺎن زﻋﯿﻢ اﻟﺤﺰب ووﺻﻒ رد َ ُ ّ / .ﻣﺠﺮد زوﺑﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻨﺠﺎن ّ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻟَﻎ ﺑﮫ ﻣﻦ ﻗِﺒﻞ رﺟﻞ ّ إن اﻟﺪﯾﻦ ﻻ ﯾﻌﺪو أن ﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﺨﻼﻓﺎت ِ .ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯿ ٍّﺔ ﻛﺒﺮى ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ وﻟﻜﻨّﮭﺎ،اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻌﺮﻗﯿﺘﯿﻦ ﻟﯿﺴﺖ زوﺑﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻨﺠﺎن ﺑﯿﻦ ٌ ٍ ِ The party leader called the controversy about the new law “a storm in a teacup.”/The cleric’s exaggerated reaction is just a storm in a teacup./The disagreement between the two ethnic groups is not a storm in a teacup but part of a major political issue. 93 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases زﯾﺮ ﻧِﺴﺎء ُ A womanizer; ladies’ man; a philanderer. ﻟﻘﺎءاﺗﮫ اﻟﻐﺮاﻣﯿّﺔ ﺗﺼﻒ ِ ِ ُﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎن ﺟﯿﺎﻛﻮﻣﻮ ﻛﺎزاﻧﻮﻓﺎ أﻛﺒﺮ زﯾﺮ ﻧﺴﺎء ﻋﺮﻓﮫ اﻟﺘّﺎرﯾﺦ ﻓﻤﺬﻛﺮاﺗﮫ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺜّﻘﺎﻓﺎت أن ﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﺮﺟﻞ زﯾﺮ ﻧﺴﺎء وﻟﺪﯾﮫ اﻟﻌﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺸﯿﻘﺎت ﺗﺘﻘﺒُّﻞ/ .ﺑﺎﻟﺘّﻔﺼﯿﻞ ُ وﻗﺖ ﻧﺪم ﻓﻲ ﻋﻼﻗﺎت واﻧﻐﻤﺲ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎن زﯾﺮ ﻧﺴﺎء/ .واﻟﻤﺤﻈﯿﺎت ٍ ٍ ٍ َ ِ ﺟﻨﺴﯿﺔ ﻛﺜﯿﺮة ّإﻻ أﻧﮫ .أﻋﻤﺎل ﻣﺸﯿﻨﺔ ﻋﻤﺎ ﺑﺪر ﻣﻨﮫ ﻣﻦ ّ ﻻﺣﻖ ٍ ٍ Giacomo Casanova was the most notorious womaniser in history. His memoir describes his amorous encounters in detail./Some cultures accept that a man can be a ladies’ man, having multiple lovers and concubines./He was a philanderer and indulged in many sexual activities, but he later regretted taking such actions. 94 س ﺣﺮف اﻟﺴﯿﻦ ﻖ ِﻷَواﻧِِﮫ ٌ ِﺳﺎﺑ Too early or too soon; to be premature to say or do something. ّ ّ ﻣﻦ/ .ﻷواﻧﮫ اﻟﺘﻜﮭّﻦ ﺑﻤﺎ إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﮭﺠﻤﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻠﺔ ﺑﺒﻌﻀﮭﺎ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ ّ إن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﺎﺑﻖ ِ ِ اﻟﺴ ّ وﻣﻦ/ .ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻷواﻧﮫ ﻓﻲ ھﺬه ﻷواﻧﮫ اﻟﻘﻮل اﻵن إﻧّﻨﺎ ﺗﺠﺎوزﻧﺎ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔَ اﻟﺨﻄﺮ ٍ .اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ إﻋﺎدة اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت اﻟﺪﺑﻠﻮﻣﺎﺳﯿّﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﯾﻦ It is too early to speculate whether the attacks are connected./It is premature to say that the danger is gone completely./At this stage, it is premature to resume the diplomatic relations between the two countries. ﺞ َ ِ ﻧَْﮭ/ ﺳﺎر َﻋﻠﻰ ُﺧﻄﻰ To walk or follow in someone’s footsteps. ّ ﯾﺴﯿﺮ ﺗﺴﯿﺮ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ اﻻﺗّﺼﺎﻻت ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗّﻊ أن/ .واﻟﺪه اﻟﺼﺎﺋﻎ اﻟﻤﺸﮭﻮر ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻄﻰ َ ِ ّ رﺟﻞ ّ اﻟﻤﺆﻣﻨﯿﻦ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺴﯿﺮ اﻟﺪﯾﻦ ودﻋﺎ/ .ﻄﺎق اﻟﻌﺮﯾﺾ ُ َ ِ ّﺧﻄﻰ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺴﺘﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺨﻔﯿﺾ رﺳﻮم اﻟﻨ ّ ﺒﻲ ﻓﻲ .ﻛﻞ ﺟﻮاﻧﺐ ﺣﯿﺎﺗﮭﻢ ّ ّﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﮭﺞ اﻟﻨ The famous jeweller is walking in his father’s footsteps./It is expected that the telecom company will follow in the footsteps of its competitor in reducing the broadband fees./The cleric called on the faithful to follow in the prophet’s steps in every aspect of their lives. DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-13 95 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases اﻟﮭَﻮْﯾﻨﻰ ُ َﻣﺸﻰ/ ﺳﺎر َ To saunter; to walk in a slow and relaxed manner; to take a leisurely stroll; to amble. ٌ ﺗﺴﯿﺮ اﻟﮭﻮﯾﻨﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺰرﻋٍﺔ ﻛﺒﯿﺮة و / .ﯾﺠﻠﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ أرﺟﻮﺣﺔ طﻔﻞ وﺗﻈﮭﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﻔﯿﺪﯾﻮ اﻣﺮأة ُ ُ ّ طﻮل ّ ُ ّﻏﺎدر اﻟﺤﻼ ﻗﺎم/ .وﺳﻂ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺆدي إﻟﻰ اﻟﺰﻗﺎق ق اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ وأﺧﺬ ﯾﻤﺸﻲ اﻟﮭﻮﯾﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ِ ِ .ﯾﺴﯿﺮ اﻟﮭﻮﯾﻨﻰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺪﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﻨﺎس ﺑﺘﺤﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻤﺜﻞ اﻟﻤﺨﻀﺮم ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن ُ The video clip features a woman sauntering through a big farm and a child sitting on a swing./The barber left the building and began to walk slowly along the alley leading back to the town centre./The veteran actor was greeted by people as he ambled through the park. راﻋﮫُ اﻷَْﯾَﻤِﻦ ُ ِذ/ ُﺳﺎﻋُﺪه ِ To be someone’s right-hand man; to be indispensable to someone. ّ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت ّ أﺻﺒﺢ ُ اﻟﺴ ّ ﺎﺑﻖ ّ ﺑﻠﻮﻣﺎﺳﻲ ﻏﺎدر/ .اﻟﺪوﻟﯿّﺔ ﻟﺮﺋﯿﺲ اﻟﻮزراء ﻓﻲ ﺎﻋﺪ اﻷﯾﻤﻦ اﻟﺪ َ اﻟﺴ ِ ﱡ ِ ّ ﻨﻔﯿﺬي ّﺎﻋﺪ اﻷﯾﻤﻦ ﻟﻠﺮﺋﯿﺲ اﻟﺘ ُ اﻟﺴ ّ ّ ﺗﻘﺎرﯾﺮ وﺣﺴﺐ/ .ﺧﻼف ﻣﻊ ﻣﺠﻠﺲ إدارﺗﮭﺎ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔَ إﺛﺮ ٍ َ ّ ﺻﺤﻔﯿّﺔ ّ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﺎرﯾﻦ ﻣﻮاﻟﯿﻦ ﯾﻘﻮﻣﻮن ﺑﺪور .ﺎﻋﺪ اﻷﯾﻤﻦ ﻟﺰﻋﯿﻢ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻓﺈن َ ِ اﻟﺴ The former diplomat has become the right-hand man of the prime minister in international affairs./A rift with the board of directors caused the CEO’s righthand man to leave the company./According to press reports, loyalist advisers are acting as the right-hand men to the leader of the movement. ّ ﻒ اﻟﺬِْﻛﺮ ُ ِﺳﺎﻟ The aforementioned; the above-mentioned. ّ ﯾﻨﺒﻐﻲ إرﺳﺎل اﻻﺳﺘﻔﺴﺎرات اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻨﻮان ّﺳﺎﻟﻒ ّ / .اﻟﺬﻛﺮ إن ّ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت ﺳﺎﻟﻔﺔ ُ اﻟﻤﮭﻢ ﻓﮭﻢ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ/ .ﺗﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻤﺎط ﻣﺒﻨﯿّﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺠﺎرب ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ اﻟﺬﻛﺮ أﻏﻠﺐ َ ّ ِ ّ ّ .اﻟﺤﺮاري ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻻﺣﺘﺒﺎس اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ ﺳﺎﻟﻔﺔ اﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ِ Enquiries concerning the assistance programme should be sent to the abovementioned address./The majority of the aforementioned data are based on patterns shown by past experiences./It is important to understand the effects of the aforementioned factors on global warming. 96 ﺣﺮف اﻟﺴﯿﻦ اﻟﺸﱡﻚ ﺳﺎوَرهُ ﱠ َ To become suspicious or sceptical about someone or something. ُ ﺗﺼﺮ ّ ّ ّ ﺳﺎور/ .ﻓﺎت زوﺟﮭﺎ ﺗﺘﻐﯿّﺮ ّ اﻟﺸﻚ ﺣﻮل اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻟﻎ اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎت اﻟﺸﻚ ﯾُﺴﺎورھﺎ ﺣﯿﻦ ﺑﺪأت ﺑﺪأ ّ ّ اﻟﺸﻚ ﺣﻮل اﻟﻈﺮوف اﻟﻤﺤﯿﻄﺔ ﯾُﺴﺎوره/ .اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﯾُﺮﺳﻠﮭﺎ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺨﺎرج اﻟﻨﻘﺪﯾّﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﯿﺮة اﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎن ُ .ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻔﺎء ﻓﺮﺳﮫ اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﺤﺒّﮭﺎ She got suspicious when her husband’s behaviour started to change./The authorities became suspicious of the large amounts of cash that the man was sending abroad./He is suspicious about the circumstances of the disappearance of his beloved mare. ﻖ ُ َﺳﺎوَرهُ اﻟﻘَﻠ َ To become concerned about something. ُ ﺑﺪأ ا ّ ﻟﻘﻮات اﻟﻤﺴﻠّﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ا وﺳﺎور/ .ﻟﺴﯿﺎﺳﺔ ﻟﻘﻠﻖ ﯾُﺴﺎور اﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔَ اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺳﯿّﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻌﺎظُﻢ ّ دور ا ِ ّ ا ﻓﻲ ﻟﺰوﺟﺔ اﻟﻘﻠﻖ ﺑﺸﺄن اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾُﺴﻲء ﺑﮭﺎ ُ ّ زوﺟﮭﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺣﺴﺎﺑﮭﻤﺎ اﻟﻤﺼﺮ ُ ﺳﺎرﻋﺖ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺘﮫُ إﻟﻰ أﺧﺬه إﻟﻰ اﻟﻄﺒﯿﺐ اﻟﻄّﺒﯿﺐ اﻟﺬي ﺳﺎوره ا/ .اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮك ﻟﻘﻠﻖ ﻣﻦ اﺣﺘﻤﺎِل .وﺟﻮد ﻋﺪوى ﺑﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾّﺔ ﻓﻲ اّﻟﺪم The political elite became concerned about the increased role of the military in politics./The wife became concerned about the way her husband was using their joint account./His family rushed him to the doctor, who got concerned about possible bacterial infection in the blood. ﺳﺒَ َﺮ َﻏْﻮر َ To fathom something; to examine in-depth; to explore. اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﺮ اﻟﺘّﺎرﯾﺨﯿّﺔ اﻟﻘﺪﯾﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺤﺮﯾﻦ ﺗُ َﻌ ّﺪ ﻣﻦ أﺳﺮار اﻟﺘّﺎرﯾﺦ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﯾُﻤﻜﻦ ﺳﺒﺮ ﻣﺎ زاﻟﺖ ُ / .ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﺎوﻻﺗﮭﻢ ﻟﺴﺒﺮ أﻏﻮار اﻟﻨّﻔﺲ اﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﯿّﺔ ﻔﺲ ﻣﺎ ﯾﺰال/ .ﻏﻮرھﺎ َ ُ ِ ّﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻨ ّ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء أﻧّﮭﻢ ﺳﺒﺮوا أﻏﻮار ّ .اﻟﺬّرة ﯾﺪﻋﻲ ُ The prehistoric graveyards of Bahrain are still of the unfathomable secrets of history./Psychologists are still trying to explore the depths of the human psyche./Scientists claim that they have fathomed the mysteries of the atom. 97 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases ُﺳﱠﺪ َرَﻣﻘَﮫ َ To subsist; to afford to feed oneself or someone; to keep someone on one’s feet; to afford the bare necessities of life; to help someone to stay alive or alleviate hunger; hand-to-mouth existence. ّ ّ ﺗﺘﻤﻜُﻦ ﻣﻦ أن ّ ّ ﺗﺴﺪ رﻣﻘﮭﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﻋﻠﻰ أﻏﻠﺐ اﻓﺘﻘﺮ/ .اﻟﺮاﺗﺐ ﻟﻮﺣﺪه أﻏﻠﺐ اﻷﺳﺮ ﻻ إن ُ َ ّ اﻟﻤﺰارﻋﯿﻦ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻮارد ّ اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ أﺗﻀﻮر إﻧﻨﻲ/ .ﻟﺴﺪ رﻣﻘﮭﻢ ورﻣﻖ ﻋﺎﺋﻼﺗﮭﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﺘﺎء ّ ّ ﺷﻲء ً ّ ھﻞ ﻟﺪﯾﻚ،ﺟﻮﻋﺎ .أﺳﺪ ﺑﮫ رﻣﻘﻲ إﻟﻰ أن ﯾﺠﮭﺰ اﻟﻌﺸﺎء أي ٍ Most households cannot afford to subsist on salary alone./Most of the farmers lacked the resources to feed themselves or their families in the winter./I am starving; do you have anything to keep me on my feet until the dinner is ready? ﻋﺎن ﻣﺎ َ ﺳْﺮ ُ Soon. ّ ﻣﺒﻜﺮة وﺳﺮﻋﺎن ﻣﺎ اﻛﺘﺸﻔﺖ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﻓﻲ ﱟ ّ أن ﻣﻮھﺒﺘﮭﺎ ھﻲ ﻓﻲ ّ ﺑﺪأت اﺑﻨﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻮان اﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﺳﻦ ٍ ِ ّ ﻟﻤﺎذا/ .اﻟﻤﺎﺋﯿّﺔ ﻣﺴﺆوﻟﻮن ﻓﻲ اﻗﺘﺮح/ ﺗﺘﺒﺪُد ذاﻛﺮة اﻷﺣﻼم ﺳﺮﻋﺎن ﻣﺎ ﻧﺴﺘﯿﻘﻂُ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨّﻮم؟ َ ّ دﺧﻮل . ّإﻻ أﻧّﮭﻢ ﺳﺮﻋﺎن ﻣﺎ ﻋﺪﻟﻮا ﻋﻦ رأﯾﮭﻢ،ﯿﺎرات إﻟﻰ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ اﻟﺴ ﻣﻨﻊ َ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ِ ِ My daughter began painting at a young age, but soon she found out that her talent was in watercolours./Why do memories of dreams disappear soon after waking up?/Government offcials proposed preventing cars from entering the city centre, but they soon changed their minds. ُﺳﻄََﻊ ﻧَ ْﺠُﻤﮫ َ One’s star is rising; to gain fame; to rise to prominence. ﯾﺴﻄﻊ/ .اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ﻣﺒﯿﻌﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻋﺎم اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻧﺠﻢ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺒﺔ ﺣﯿﺚ أﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﻛﺘﺒﮭﺎ ً َ ّ ُ ﺳﻄﻊ ٍ ﺧﻼل َ ﺳﺘُﻐﻄّﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺿﺮةُ اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ/ .اﻟﺘﺮاث واﻟﺤﺪاﺛﺔ ﻧﺠﻢ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻻﻧﺴﺠﺎم اﻟﻤﺬھﻞ ﺑﯿﻦ ِ ُ .اﻷﻛﺎدﯾﻤﻲ وﺳﻄﻮع ﻧﺠﻤﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ّ The author’s star rose and within a year, she became the best-selling author in the Arab World./The city is gaining fame for its amazing combination of heritage and modernity./The lecture will cover the university and its rise to prominence in the academic world. 98 ﺣﺮف اﻟﺴﯿﻦ َوﻗََﻊ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔَّﺦ/ َﺳﻘَﻂ َ To fall or walk into a trap. ّ اﻟﻔﺦ اﻟﺬي ﻧُﺼﺐ ﻟﮫ ﺑﺈﺣﻜﺎم ﻣﻦ ﻗِﺒﻞ ّ وأدرك ﺣﯿﻦ وﺻﻞ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺒﻨﺎﯾﺔ أﻧّﮫ ﺳﻘﻂ ﻓﻲ / .اﻟﺸﺮطﺔ ّ ﻮط ﻓﻲ ّ ﻗﺎم ﻋﺎﻟُِﻢ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎع ﺑﺪراﺳﺔ اﻟﻨّﺎس ﻓﻲ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ا ﻟﺮﯾﻔﯿّﺔ دون ا ﱡ ﻓﺦ اﻟﺘّﻔﻜﯿﺮ ِ ﻟﺴﻘ ﺳﻲ ﻓﻲ ﱟ ّ وﻗﻊ ا/ .ﻤﻄﻲ ت ٍ ﻓﺦ ﻧﺼﺒﮫ ﻟﮫ ﻣﻨﺎوؤوه ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل دﻋﻮﺗﮫ إﻟﻰ إﺟﺮاء اﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎ ّ ﻟﺴﯿﺎ ّ ّاﻟﻨ . ﻣﺒﻜﺮ ة He realised when he arrived at the building that he had fallen into a trap carefully laid by the police./The sociologist studied the people in this rural area without falling into the trap of stereotyping./By calling for early elections, the political leader fell into a trap set up by his opponents. ﻼح ذو َﺣﱠﺪْﯾﻦ ٌ ﺳ ِ Double-edged sword; something that has both positive and negative aspects. ّ ﻼح ذو ّ ُ أ/ .ﺛﯿﺮ ﺟﯿّﺪ وآﺧﺮ ﺳﻲء ٌ ﻟﮭﺎ ﺗﺄ،ﺣﺪﯾﻦ ٌ ﻋﻲ ﺳ ﻋﺘﻘﺪ َ إن وﺳﺎ ّ ﺋﻞ اﻟﺘﻮاﺻﻞ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎ ّ أن ا ّ / .ﻼﺣﺎ ذا ﺣﺪﯾﻦ ّ ّ إن ا ٌ ﻟﺴﯿﺎﺣﺔَ ﺳ إذ إﻧّﮭﺎ،ﻼح ذو ﺣﺪﯾﻦ ً ﻟﺸﮭﺮةَ ﻏﺎﻟﺒًﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن ﺳ ّ ﺑﻌﺾ ا ّ ﺎت ﻟﻠﺒﯿﺌﺔ و ّ ﻋﻤﺎ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدﯾًﺎ ﻟﻠﻘﺮى ا ﻟﻠﺴّﻜﺎن ﺗﺠﻠﺐ ﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﯿّﺔ وﺑﺎﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻞ ُ َ ِ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﯾ ً ﺗﺠﻠﺐ د . ا ﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿﯿﻦ Social media is like a double-edged sword. It has both good and bad effects./I believe that being famous is often a double-edged sword./Tourism is a double-edged sword, bringing an economic boost to the coastal villages but also some challenges to the locals and the environment. ُﺻﺔ َ ﺖ اﻟﻔُ ْﺮ َ ِ ﺳﻨَ َﺤ To have the opportunity; to have the chance. ﺳﻨﺤﺖ ﻧﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع ﻛﻠّﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﯿﻨﺎ أن/ .ﺼﻞ ﺑﻲ إذا ﺳﻨﺤﺖ ﻟﻚ اﻟﻔﺮﺻﺔ َ ِ ِ ّإﺗ ْ ﺗﺮﻛﺾ ﺣﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﺳﻨﺤﺖ ﻟﮭﺎ اﻟﻔﺮﺻﺔ؟ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻟﻢ/ .اﻟﻔﺮﺻﺔ If you get the chance, call me./We have to continue working on the project at every opportunity that presents itself./Why did she not run when she had the chance? 99 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases َ ﻮاد اﻷَْﻋ ﻈُﻢ ُ اﻟﺴ ﱠ The vast majority; most of; the great mass; the largest part. ُ ﻟﺴﻮاد اﻷﻋﻈﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨّﺎس ﻣﺸﺮوﻋﯿّﺔَ اﺣﺘﺴﺎِء ا ّ / .ﻟﺨﻤﻮر ّ إن ا ّ ﻋﻢ ا ﻟﺴﻮاد اﻷﻋﻈﻢ ﻣﻦ ُ ﯾﺪ ٌ ت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ھﻲ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎ ّ ﻗﯿﻤﺎ وﻏﺎﻟﺒًﺎ ﻣﺎ،ﻣﺘﻌﺪدةُ اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺎت ت ُ ِ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎ ً ﯾﺤﻤﻞ أﻓﺮادھﺎ ّ ھﻨﺎﻟﻚ أزﻣﺔٌ ﺑﯿﻦ ا/ .ﻣﺘﻀﺎرﺑﺔ ﻟﺴﻮاد اﻷﻋﻈﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻮاطﻨﯿﻦ واﻟﺤﺰب اﻟﺤﺎﻛﻢ ﻓﻲ . ا ﻟﻌﺎ ﺻﻤﺔ The vast majority of people support the legality of alcohol consumption./ Most societies in the world are multicultural, and their members often hold conficting values./There is a confict between the great mass of citizens and the ruling party in the capital. ﺳﻮء اﻟﻄﱠﺎﻟِ ِﻊ ُ Misfortune; bad luck; mischance; unfortunate. ّ ّ ُ ُ ﺑﻌﺾ ﯾﻌﺘﻘﺪ / .ﻧﻔﺴﮫ اﻟﻤﻨﻐﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن ﻓﻲ ھﺬا ﯾﻮﻟﺪ ﺎﻟﻊ أن ُ َ ِ ِ ِ ِ إن ﻣﻦ ﺳﻮء اﻟﻄ ّ اﻟﻨّﺎس ُ طﺎﻟﻌﮫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻋﻠِﻖ اﻟﺤﺎﻓﻠﺔ ﺳﻮء ﺳﺎﺋﻖ ﻟﻌﻦ/ .أرﻗﺎﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﯿّﻨﺔً ﻗﺪ ﺗﺠﻠﺐ ﺳﻮء اﻟﻄّﺎﻟﻊ أن ِ ِ ً .ﻓﻲ اﻻزدﺣﺎم It is a misfortune to be born in this closed society./Some people believe that certain numbers can bring bad luck./The bus driver cursed his mischance when he got stuck in the traffc. ُﺴﮫ ُ ﺳﱠﻮﻟَ ْﺖ ﻟَﮫُ ﻧَ ْﻔ َ To be tempted to commit a sin or a crime; literally: one’s soul disposes him to do something. ﻧﻔﺴﮭﺎ ُ وﺳﻮﻟﺖ ﻟﻘﺎﺑﯿﻞ ُ ﺳﻮﻟﺖ ﻟﮭﺎ ّ ّ ً وﺣﯿﻦ رأت ﺧﺰﻧﺔَ اﻟﻨّﻘﻮد ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ/ .ﻧﻔﺴﮫ ﻗﺘﻞ أﺧﯿﮫ ھﺎﺑﯿﻞ ّ وزﯾﺮ ّ / .ﺳﺮﻗﺔَ اﻟﻨّﻘﻮد ّ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﯿّﺔ ھﺪد .اﻟﻤﺴﺎس ﺑﺄﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻼد ﻧﻔﺴﮫ ُ ُ ﺴﻮُل ﻟﮫ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺗُ ﱢ َ Cain was tempted to kill Abel./When she saw the safe open, she was tempted to steal the money./The Minister of the Interior threatened anyone who violates the security of the country. 100 ﺣﺮف اﻟﺴﯿﻦ اﻟﻤْﻮﻗِﻒ َ َ ﺳﯿﱢ ُﺪ To be overwhelming or prevailing; to overrun something; a dominant situation. ّ ﻻ/ .دوﻣﺎ أﻧّﮭﺎ ﺳﯿّﺪة اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ ﻓﻲ ﺣﯿﺎة اﻟﺒﺸﺮ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻵن رد ﻣﻦ ِ ِ ً ُأﺛﺒﺘﺖ اﻟﺒﯿﺮوﻗﺮاطﯿّﺔ ُ ُ اﻟﺼ ّ وﻻ ﯾﺰال .ﻟﻠﻌﺪاﻟﺔ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ھﻲ ﺳﯿّﺪةَ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺣﺎن/ .ﻤﺖ ﺳﯿَّﺪ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ ِ Bureaucracy has always proven to be dominating people’s lives./There has been no response from the government so far, and silence still prevails./It is time for justice to prevail. 101 ش ﺣﺮف اﻟﺸﯿﻦ ﺷﺎء اﻟﻘََﺪُر َ By a twist of fate; fate has intervened; it just so happens to be; it was destined; fate wills it so. ﺗﺼَﻞ اﻟﻘﺎﻓﻠﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺳﻤﺮﻗﻨﺪ وﯾﺸﺎء ُ ُ ِ وﺷﺎء اﻟﻘﺪر أن/ .اﻟﻘﺪر أن ﺗﺼﺒﺢ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﯿّﺔ دوﻟﺔً ﻏﻨﯿﺔ وﺷﺎء اﻟﻘﺪر أن ﯾﺼﺒﺢ اﺑﻦ ھﺆﻻء/ .طﻮل ﻓﺮاق ﻣﻌﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ً وﺗﺸﺎء اﻷﻗﺪار أن ﯾﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎ/ .ﺑﺄﻣﺎن ِ ُ وإن ﺷﺎء اﻟﻘﺪر/ .رواﺋﻲ ﻓﻲ زﻣﺎﻧﻨﺎ .ﻓﻠﯿﻜﻦ أﻋﻈﻢ ﺎس اﻟﺒﺴﻄﺎء ﱟ َ ِ ّاﻟﻨ By a twist of fate, the coastal city became a rich state./Fate has intervened, and the caravan reached Samarkand safely./They were destined to meet after a long separation./It just so happens that the son of these simple people should become the greatest novelist of our time./If fate wills it, so be it. ﺷﺎرُد ﱢ اﻟﺬْھِﻦ ِ To be absent-minded or distracted; to be miles away. ّ ﺷﺎرد إن ﻛﺎن ﯾﺤﺼﻞ ﻟﻚ/ .وﺷﺪﯾﺪ اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺳﯿّﺔ ﻟﻠﻨّﻘﺪ اﻟﺬھﻦ ُﻋﺮف ﻋﻦ إﺳﺤﺎق ﻧﯿﻮﺗﻦ أﻧّﮫ ﻛﺎن َ َ ٌ ُﺷ ٌ أﻗﻮل وﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺗﻌﺎﺑﯿﺮ أﺳﺘﻄﯿﻊ أن/ .ﻣﺼﺎب ﺑﺎﻟﺨﺮف ذھﻨﻲ أﺣﯿﺎﻧًﺎ ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﻻ ﯾﻌﻨﻲ أﻧﻚ ﺮود َ ّ .وﺟﮭﮫ أﻧّﮫ ﺷﺎرد اﻟﺬھﻦ ِ Isaac Newton was known to be absent-minded and very sensitive to criticism./Getting a bit absent-minded does not mean you have got dementia./I can tell by the expression on his face that he is miles away. 102 DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-14 ﺣﺮف اﻟﺸﯿﻦ َ ي ﺷﺎطَﺮهُ ﱠ َ اﻟﺮ ْأ To share someone’s opinion. أﻋﺘﻘﺪ أﻧّﻲ أﺷﺎطﺮه اﻟﺮأي ﻓﻲ أﻧّﮫ ﯾﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﯿﻨﺎ اﺳﺘﺒﺪال/ . وﻟﻜﻨّﻨﻲ ﻻ أﺷﺎطﺮك اﻟﺮأي،ًﻣﻌﺬرة ّ ﻟﻸﺳﻒ ﻻ ﯾُﺸﺎطﺮﻧﻲ/ .اﻟﺴﺮﯾﺮ ﺑﺂﺧﺮ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ّ .اﻟﺴﻔﯿﺮ اﻟﺮأي ﻓﻲ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ I am sorry, but I do not share your opinion./I think I share his opinion that we should throw the bed out and get a new one./Unfortunately, the ambassador does not share my opinion on this matter. ﺎن ﻣﺎ ﺑَْﯿَﻦ َ َ ّﺷﺘ Worlds apart; what a difference; to be beyond comparison; like night and day; far cry from. ﺷﺘﺎن ﻣﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺪﯾﻜﺘﺎﺗﻮرﯾﺔ / .ﺷﺘﺎن ﻣﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﯿﻮم واﻷﻣﺲ / .ﺷﺘﺎن ﻣﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﺗﮫ وﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﺗﻚ َ َ َ إذ، ﺷﺘﺎن ﻣﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺳﻤﺮ وﻟﻄﯿﻔﺔ/ .ﻛﻞ أﻓﺮاد اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ واﻟﺪﯾﻤﻘﺮاطﯿّﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺮﺳﯿﺦ اﻟﻤﺴﺎواة ﺑﯿﻦ ﱢ ّ / . ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﻟﻄﯿﻔﺔ ﻻ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﻨﺪھﺎ اھﺘﻤﺎﻣﺎت ﺳﻮى اﻟﺨﺮوج ﻣﻊ ﺻﺪﯾﻘﺎﺗﮭﺎ،إن ﺳﻤﺮ ذﻛﯿّﺔ وﻣﺒﺪﻋﺔ .اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﯾّﺔ واﻟﺨﻄّﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ اﻗﺘﺮﺣﮭﺎ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت ﺷﺘﺎن ﻣﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺧﻄّﺔ ِ His writings and yours are worlds apart./What a difference between today and yesterday./Dictatorship and democracy are beyond comparison in terms of enhancing equality among all the members of society./Samar and Latifa are like night and day. Samar is smart and creative, while Latifa does not have any interests other than going out with her friends./The government’s economic plan is a far cry from the plan proposed by the think tank. ﺼِﺮِه َ َ َ ﺑِﺒ/ ُﺼُﺮه َ َﺺ ﺑ َ ﺷَﺨ To gaze; to look at; to fx one’s eyes upon; to stare. ّ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﺮﯾﻦ ﺧﺮوج وﻗﺪ/ .اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎن أﺑﺼﺎرھﻢ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺒﺎب اﻟﺮﺟﺎل ﺑﻼ ِﺣﺮاك وﻗﺪ ﺷﺨﺼﺖ وﻗﻒ ُ ُ َ ّ دﻟﯿﻞ اﻟﺒﻌﺜﺔ ﺑﺒﺼﺮه إﻟﻰ اﻟﻨّﺠﻢ ﺷﺨﺼﺖ اﻟﻔﺘﺎةُ ﺑﺒﺼﺮھﺎ / .وﻗﺮر أن ﯾُﻐﯿّﺮ اﺗّﺠﺎه اﻟﻤﻮﻛﺐ ُ ﺷﺨﺺ ِ .ﺑﺈﺟﻼل واﺣﺘﺮام إﻟﻰ اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ ٍ 103 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases The men stood motionless, looking at the door, waiting for the Sultan to come out./The guide of the expedition gazed at the star and decided to change the direction of the convoy./The young woman’s eyes were fxed on the lecturer with a look of respect. ِﻣْﻦ أَ ْزِرِه/ ُﺷﱠﺪ أَ ْزَره َ To be side by side with someone; to give support; to stand by someone. ّ اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺲ ﻣﻦ ّ ﯾﺠﺐ أن اﻟﺸﻌﺐ وﻗﺪ طﻠﺐ/ .ﻧﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ إﻋﺎدة إﻋﻤﺎر ﺑﻠﺪﻧﺎ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻛﻲ ﺑﻌﻀﻨﺎ أزر ﯾﺸﺪ ُ ُ ُ َ ٍ ّ ﺗﺸﺪ ﻣﻦ أزره ﻓﻲ أﯾّﺎم ّ دوﻣﺎ ّ .اﻟﺸﺪاﺋﺪ ﻣﺤﺎرﺑﺔ ﺷﺪ أزره ﻓﻲ ِ ِ ً ُ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ زوﺟﺘﮫ/ .اﻟﺠﺮﯾﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻼد We should stand side by side with one another so that we can rebuild our country./The president has asked the people to support him to combat crime in the country./His wife always stood by him in days of hardships. َ ُﺷﱠﺪ ِرﺣﺎﻟَﮫ To pull up stakes; to break camp; to migrate. ُ ﻟﻢ ّ ،اﻟﺤﻤﺪاﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻞ ّ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﯿﺶ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻼط ﺳﯿﻒ ﻓﺸﺪ رﺣﺎﻟﮫُ إﻟﻰ وﻟﺔ ﯾﻜﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻨﺒّﻲ راﺿﯿًﺎ ّ ِ اﻟﺪ ِ ّ / .ﺣﺎﻛﻤﺎ ُ اﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻲ ﺟﺎك ﻣﺎﺟﻮرﯾﻞ اﻟﺮﺣﺎل اﻟﻔﻨﺎن ﺷﺪ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﯿﻖ طﻤﻮﺣﮫ ﻓﻲ أن ﯾﺼﺒﺢ ّ ً ّ ﯾﻌﺎﻧﻮن ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮون ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﮭﺎﺟﺮﯾﻦ ﻛﺎن/ .ﻟﯿﺴﺘﻘﺮ ھﻮ وزوﺟﺘﮫُ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮاﻛﺶ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻐﺮب َ َ ُ واﻟﻤﺮض ﻓﻲ ﺑﻼد ّ ﻟﺬا،اﻟﻐﺮﺑﺔ .دﯾﺎرھﻢ ﻋﺎﺋﺪﯾﻦ إﻟﻰ ﺷﺪوا رﺣﺎﻟﮭﻢ اﻟﻘﺤﻂ َ ِ ِ ِ Al-Mutanabbi was not content living in the court of Al-Hamdani in Mosul, so he pulled up stakes and went to Egypt to fulfl his ambition to become a ruler there./The French artist Jacques Majorelle pulled up stakes and settled in Marrakech with his wife./Many migrants suffered from starvation and disease in exile, so they have pulled up stakes to go back home. ﺄس ُ ﺷ َ ِ َﺪﯾﺪ اﻟﺒ To be brave, intrepid, or bold; to have courage. ً اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺄﻧّﮫ ﻛﺎن ّ ﺣﺎرب،ﺷﺪﯾﺪ اﻟﺒﺄس ّ اﻟﺠﻨﺮال ﺑﻜﻞ ﺟﮭﺪه ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ ﺣﺮﯾﺔ ﻗﺎﺋﺪا وﻗﺪ ُوﺻﻒ ُ َ ﻣﻔﺎوﺿﺎ ﺑﺼﻔﺘﮫ / . ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺪام ﻛﻮري ﻋﺎﻟﻤﺔً ﺷﺪﯾﺪةَ اﻟﺒﺄس وراﺋﺪةً ﻓﻲ ﺑﺤﻮث اﻹﺷﻌﺎع/ .وطﻨﮫ ً ِ ِ .ﺑﺤﺰم ﻟﺘﺤﻘﯿﻖ اﺳﺘﻘﻼل ﺑﻼده ﻓﻘﺪ وﻗﻒ،ﺷﺪﯾﺪ اﻟﺒﺄس َ ٍ 104 ﺣﺮف اﻟﺸﯿﻦ The former general was described as a brave leader who fought well for the freedom of his country./The intrepid scientist, Madame Curie, was a pioneer in the research on radioactivity./As a bold negotiator, he stood frm to achieve the independence of his country. ﺄة ُ ﺷ َ ِ اﻟﻮْط َ ﺪﯾﺪ To have a devastating or heavy impact; to have a harmful or heavy effect. ّﺗﺸﯿﺮ اﻟﺘ ُ ّ ﻮﻗﻌﺎت ُ اﻟﻮطﺄة ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﯿﺎة اﻟﻤﻼﯾﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺪﯾﺪ ﺳﯿﻜﻮن أن اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺤﺎدي واﻟﻌﺸﺮﯾﻦ ُ َ ِ ّ رﺟﻞ اﻷﻋﻤﺎل ُ َﺳﺘﻜﻮن ﺷﺪﯾﺪة اﻟﻮطﺄة زوﺟﺘﮫ أن ﻋﻼﻗﺘﮫ اﻟﻐﺮاﻣﯿّﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺻﺪﯾﻘﺔ ﯾَﻌﺮف/ .اﻟﺒﺸﺮ ُ ِ ِ ّ / .ﺳﻤﻌﺘﮫ ُ ٌ اﻟﻮطﺄة ﺷﺪﯾﺪ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻟﮫ إن ﻧﺸﺮ اﻷﻧﺒﺎء اﻟﻜﺎذﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺳﺎﺋﻂ اﻟﺘّﻮاﺻﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ّ ِ ِ ّ .ﺻﺤﺔ اﻟﻨّﺎس ﻋﻠﻰ The estimates show that the 21st century will have a devastating impact on the lives of millions of people./The businessman knows that his affair with his wife’s friend will have a harmful effect on his reputation./The spreading of fake news on social media has a heavy effect on the health of people. ﯿﺎة ُ ﺷْﺮ َ ﯾﺎن ِ اﻟﺤ ِ Lifeblood. ّ / .ﻌﺪ اﻟﻨّﻔﻂُ اﻟﺨﺎم ﺷﺮﯾﺎن اﻟﺤﯿﺎة ﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎد اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺚ ّ ُﯾ إن ﻣﯿﺎهَ دﺟﻠﺔ واﻟﻔﺮات ھﻲ ﺷﺮﯾﺎن ّ / .اﻟﺤﯿﺎة ﻟﻤﻼﯾﯿﻦ اﻟﺒﺸﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺎ وﺳﻮرﯾﺎ واﻟﻌﺮاق ّ إن اﻟﺴﻜﻚ اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ ھﻲ ﺷﺮﯾﺎن اﻟﺤﯿﺎة ّ .اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻟﻠﺒﻠﺪ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻗﺮون Crude oil is the lifeblood of the modern world’s economy./Tigris and Euphrates water is the lifeblood for millions of people in Turkey, Syria, and Iraq./ Railroads have been the country’s economic lifeblood for centuries. ُﺮﯾﻌﺔ اﻟﻐﺎب َ َ ﺷ ِ The law of the jungle. ّ ُ ُ ٌ ﺳﺎﺋﻖ طﺒّﻖ/ .ﻗﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻐﺎب ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﯾﺤﻜﻤﮫ ﻣﺰاج ﻗﺎدﺗِﮫ إﻧّﻤﺎ ھﻮ إن اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ اﻟﺬي ﯾﺤﻜﻤﮫ ُ ّ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮب ﻋﻠﻰ ّ / .ﯾﺪﻓﻊ ﻟﮫ أﺟﺮﺗﮫ اﻟﺘّﺎﻛﺴﻲ ﺷﺮﯾﻌﺔ اﻟﻐﺎب ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ اﻋﺘﺪى َ ﺟﻞ اﻟﺬي رﻓﺾ أن ِ اﻟﺮ ّ ﯿﺎﺳﺔ ّ ﻛﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء ٌ .اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ ﺗﺤﻜﻤﮫ ﺷﺮﯾﻌﺔُ اﻟﻐﺎب ﻈﺎم ﯾﺠﺎدل ّ ِ اﻟﺴ َ ّأن اﻟﻨ 105 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases A society that is ruled by the mood of its leaders is a society that is ruled by the law of the jungle./The taxi driver used the law of the jungle to assault a man who refused to pay him the taxi fare./Many political scientists argue that the world order is governed by the law of the jungle. ﺶ ُ َﺷﻈ َ َ ﻒ ِ اﻟﻌْﯿ Hardship; poverty. ّ / .اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ ُ ﺷﻈﻒ إن ﯾﺘﺮك َ َ ﺷﻈﻒ اﻟﻌﯿﺶ أﺛﺮه ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪرة اﻷطﻔﺎل ﻓﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ اﻟﻨّﺠﺎح ﻓﻲ ّ ﯾﻜﻦ ﻟﺪى ْ ﻟﻢ/ .ﻣﻜﺎن ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒًﺎ اﻟﺸﺎب ﻛﻞ اﻟﻌﯿﺶ اﻟﺬي ﺗﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻨﮫ اﻟﻤﺮأةُ ﺟﻌﻠﮭﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﺠﺪي اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ ﱢ ٍ .اﻟﺤﺮب اﻷھﻠﯿّﺔ ﺷﻈﻒ اﻟﻌﯿﺶ اﻟﺬي ﺗﺴﺒّﺒﺖ ﻓﯿﮫ وﺳﯿﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﮭﺮب ﻣﻦ أﯾّﺔ ُ ٍ ِ The burden of poverty affects children’s ability to succeed in school./The woman’s poverty has left her begging for a job almost everywhere./The young man had no means to escape the hardships caused by civil war. َ ُﺷﻔﻰ َﻏﻠﯿﻠَﮫ To satisfy, quench, or fulfl someone’s thirst for revenge or vengeance. ً ّ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺪا أن ﯾﺘﺨﻄّﻰ اﻷب ﺑﺈﺣﺮاق اﻟﺒﯿﺖ ﻗﺎم/ .ﻛﻞ اﻟﺤﺪود ﻛﻲ ﯾَﺸﻔﻲ ﻏﻠﯿﻠﮫُ ﻣﻦ أﻋﺪاﺋﮫ ﻛﺎن ُ ّ / .ﻛﻲ ﯾَﺸﻔﻲ ﻏﻠﯿﻠﮫُ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺗﻞ وﻟﺪه ّ أن ُﺣﻜﻢ اﻟﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ّ أﻛﺪت ّأم اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﺔ اﻟﻘﺘﯿﻠﺔ ﺿﺪ ﻗﺎﺗﻞ اﺑﻨﺘﮭﺎ ﻟﻢ .ﺸﻒ ﻏﻠﯿﻠﮭﺎ ِ َﯾ There were no limits to how far he would go to quench his vengeance on his enemies./The father burned the house to satisfy his unquenchable thirst for revenge on his son’s killer./The mother of the murdered schoolgirl said that the court’s ruling against her daughter’s murderer did not quench her thirst for revenge. ﻒ اﻟﺼ ﱠ ﺷ ﱠ َ ﻖ ﱠ To divide; to drive a wedge; to sow seeds of discord; to create a split. ُ اﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ أﺟﮭﺰة/ .اﻟﺪول اﻷﻋﻀﺎء ّ ﺻﻒ ّ ّ ُ اﻟﻤﺨﺎﺑﺮات ﻟﺸﻖ اﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻐﻼل اﻟﻈّﺮوف ﻗﺎم ِ ّ ّ اﻟﺼ ّ ّ ﺗﺸﻖ ﺗﺸﻖ ﺗﺤﺎول اﻟﺼﺤﯿﻔﺔُ أن / .اﻟﻤﺎرﻗﺔ وﺣﻠﻔﺎﺋﮭﺎ اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ ﻒ ﺑﯿﻦ أﺳﺎﻟﯿﺐ ﻣﺘﻄﻮرة ﻛﻲ ُ َ ِ ِ ّ .ﺻﻔﻮف اﻟﺸﻌﺐ 106 ﺣﺮف اﻟﺸﯿﻦ The country has taken advantage of the situation in trying to divide the member states./The intelligence services used sophisticated methods to drive a wedge between the rogue state and its allies./The newspaper is attempting to sow seeds of discord among the people. ﺷ ﱠ َ ُﻖ طَﺮﯾﻘَﮫ To make one’s own way; to force one’s way; to plough ahead. ّ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺷﻘّﺖ طﺮﯾﻘﮭﺎ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ/ .ﺻﻮب اﻟﻨّﺠﺎح ﺗﺸﻖ طﺮﯾﻘﻚ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﯿﺎة ﯾﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻋﻠﯿﻚ أن َ ّ ﺷﻘّﺖ/ .اﻟﺼﻌﺎب ّ ﺑﺪأ ﺣﯿﺎﺗﮫ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿّﺔ/ .اﻷطﻠﺴﻲ اﻟﺴﻔﯿﻨﺔُ طﺮﯾﻘﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﯿﺎه اﻟﻌﺎﺻﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﯿﻂ ّ ّ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻟﻠﺒﻘﺎﻟﺔ وﻟﻜﻨّﮫ .ﻣﺎﻟﻚ أﻛﺒﺮ ﺳﻼﺳﻞ اﻟﺒﯿﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﺘّﺠﺰﺋﺔ ﻟﯿﺼﺒﺢ ﺷﻖ طﺮﯾﻘﮫ إﻟﻰ اﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺼﺎﺣﺐ َ َ ِ ٍ You should make your own way through life towards success./She forced her way through many diffculties./The ship ploughed ahead through the stormy water of the Atlantic./He started his career as a grocer, then made his way up to become the owner of the biggest retailing chains. ﺎﻋِﺔ ﺷ ﱠ َ َ ّﻖ َﻋﺼﺎ اﻟﻄ To revolt; to rebel; to disobey the ruler or the system; to renounce allegiance. ّ اﻟﺪﺳﺘﻮرﯾّﺔ ﻓﺈﻧّﮫ ﯾﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻋﻀﺎء اﻟﺤﺰب ّ ﺣﻞ ﻟﻸزﻣﺔ ﺷﻖ ﻋﺼﺎ اﻟﻄّﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ إﯾﺠﺎد ﱟ ّ وﻗﺪ/ .ﻗﯿﺎدة ﺣﺰﺑﮭﻢ ّ ﺎس ﻣﻦ ّ ﺴﺎت ﺷﻖ ﻋﺼﺎ اﻟﻄّﺎﻋﺔ واﻻﺳﺘﮭﺘﺎر ﺣﺬر ﻋﻠﻰ ُ َ ّاﻟﺨﻄﯿﺐ اﻟﻨ ِ ﺑﻤﺆﺳ ِ ّ إن ﻋﻘﻮﺑﺔ ّ / .اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ .ﺷﻖ ﻋﺼﺎ اﻟﻄّﺎﻋﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﻠﯿﻔﺔ ھﻲ اﻟﻤﻮت To solve the constitutional crisis, the party members should revolt against the leadership of their party./The cleric warned the people against rebellion and disregard for the institutions of government./Death is the punishment for disobeying the Caliph. ﺳﺎﻋَﺪْﯾِﮫ ﺷﱠﻤَﺮ َﻋْﻦ َ ِ To roll up one’s sleeves; to get down to work; to be keen to do something. ّ ﻗﺖ ا ُ ﻟﻤﺸ / .ﻟﻤﺤﺪد َ ﻟﻌﻤ ّ ﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ا ِ ُﺸﻤﺮوا ﻋﻦ ﺳﻮاﻋﺪھﻢ ﻹﻧﺠﺎز اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮ ُ أﻣﺮ ا ﺎل ﺑﺄن ﯾ ﱢ ّ ﻣﺌﺎت ﻣﻦ ٌ اﻟﺸﺒﺎب ﻋﻦ ﺷﻤﺮ ّ / .ﻧﺸﻤﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻮاﻋﺪﻧﺎ ﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﺑﻠﺪﻧﺎ ّ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺣﺎن اﻷوان ﻛﻲ .ﺳﻮاﻋﺪھﻢ ﻟﺠﻌﻞ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺘﮭﻢ ﻣﻜﺎﻧًﺎ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻟﻠﻌﯿﺶ 107 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases The supervisor ordered the workers to roll up their sleeves to fnish the work on time./It is time we got to work to build our country’s economy./Hundreds of young people have rolled up their sleeves to make their neighbourhood a better place for living. ﺧﺎﺻَﺮِة ﺷْﻮَﻛﺔٌ ﻓﻲ َ ِ A thorn in the side. ّ ﻟﻄﺎﻟﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن رﺟﺎل/ .اﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺎت اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﯾّﺔ ﺷﻮﻛﺔً ﻓﻲ ﺧﺎﺻﺮة اﻟﻨّﻈﺎم ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺨﺒﺮاء ﻋﺪ ُ ِ ًﺠﺎري ﯾﺒﻘﻰ ﺷﻮﻛﺔ ّإن اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘ ّ / .اﻟﻘﺒﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﯿﻦ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن ﺷﻮﻛﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺧﺎﺻﺮة اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ ّ ّ ﻓﻲ ﺧﺎﺻﺮة اﻟﻤﺘﺎﺟﺮ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿّﺔ .اﻟﺼﻐﯿﺮة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻠﺪة Some experts considered the economic sanctions as a thorn in the side of the regime./The outlawed tribesmen were always a thorn in the side of the state./ The new shopping centre remains a thorn in the side of the small local shops in the town. ﺸْﯿﺌًﺎ َ َﺷْﯿﺌًﺎ ﻓ َ Little by little ُ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ّ ،اﻟﺸﻜﺮ واﻟﺘﻘﺪﯾﺮ ّ ﺷﺒّﮫ/ .ﻓﺈن ﻏﻀﺒﻚ ﺳﯿﺘﻼﺷﻰ ﺷﯿﺌًﺎ ﻓﺸﯿﺌًﺎ ﺑﺴﻔﯿﻨﺔ ﺑﻠﺪه َ ﯿﺎﺳﻲ ّ اﻟﺴ ِ ّ / .ﺗﻐﺮق ﺷﯿﺌًﺎ ﻓﺸﯿﺌًﺎ ُ .إن اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔَ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪةَ ﺗﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﯿﺌًﺎ ﻓﺸﯿﺌًﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺣﻤﻘﻰ When you embrace gratitude, little by little your own anger will diminish./ The politician likened his country to a ship of fools that is sinking little by little./The new culture is spreading little by little throughout the region. 108 ص ﺣﺮف اﻟﺼﺎد ﻀﺒِِﮫ ﺻ ﱠ َ ﺟﺎم َﻏ َ َ ﺐ To wreak one’s anger on someone or something; to take one’s anger out on someone or something; to give vent to one’s anger. ّ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ّ اﻟﺸﺮطﺔُ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿّﺔ ّ َﻣﯿﻮل اﻧﺘﺤﺎرﯾّﺔٌ وﻛﺎن ﯾﺮﯾﺪ أن ﯾ ٌ ﺼﺐ ﺟﺎم إن اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺒﮫ ﺑﮫ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﺪﯾﮫ وﻗﺪ ِ ّ ﺑﺼﺐ ﺟﺎم ﻏﻀﺒﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﮭﺎز اﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮب ﺑﻌﺪ أن ﻋﺮف ﺑﺎﻟﻨّﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻗﺎم/ .ﻏﻀﺒﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ِ ً اﻟﺴﯿﺌﺔ ّ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺻﺒّﺖ ﺟﺎم ﻏﻀﺒﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺮ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ طﻠﺐ/ .ﺟﺪا ﻻﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎﺗﮫ اﻟﻨّﮭﺎﺋﯿّﺔ ّ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﺮ ﺟﺎم ﺻﺐ ﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻠﮫ ﻓﻘﺪ ُ ِ ّ ﻣﻊ ﻋﺪم ﻗﺪرﺗﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘ/ .ﻣﻨﮭﺎ ّأﻻ ﺗﺘﺨﻄّﻰ اﻟﻄّﺎﺑﻮر .ﻏﻀﺒﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻮظّﻔﯿﻦ The local police said the suspect was suicidal and wanted to vent his anger on society./He wreaked his anger on the computer and destroyed it when he knew about the terrible results of his fnal exams./She became furious and took her anger out on the shop clerk when he asked her not to jump the queue./Unable to deal with his problems, the manager vented his anger on his staff. ف اﻟﻨَﻈََﺮ َﻋﻦ َ ﺻَﺮ َ To change someone’s mind and decide against something; to dismiss something; to discontinue to consider something. ّ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺻﺮﻓﻨﺎ اﻟﻨّﻈﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘّﻌﺎﻗﺪ ﻣﻊˮ :ﯾﺎﺿﻲ ّ رﺋﯿﺲ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺨﺐ أوﻛﻠﺖ / “.اﻟﻼﻋﺐ اﻟﺮ وﻗﺎل ُ ّ ِ ّ ﮭﻤﺔ ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻞ اﻟﻐﺮاﻣﺎت إﻟﻰ رﺟﺎل ﺻﺮﻓﺖ اﻟﻨّﻈﺮ ﻋﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺸﺮطﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ أن ّ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔُ َﻣ ِ ّ وﻗﺪ ﺻﺮﻓﺖ ﺷﺮﻛﺔُ اﻹﻧﺸﺎءات اﻟﻨّﻈﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺸﺎرﻛﺔ ﻓﻲ/ .اﻟﻤﮭﻤﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﯿﻦ ﻟﮭﺬه ﻣﻮظﻔﯿﻦ ّ .ﺟﺪﯾﺪة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻷﺳﺒﺎب أﻣﻨﯿﺔ ﻣﺸﺎرﯾﻊ ٍ َ DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-15 109 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases We have changed our mind and decided against contracting with the player, said the head of the sports team./The government entrusted the police with collecting fnes after it had dismissed the use of specialised personnel for the task./The construction frm has discontinued considering new projects in the region for security reasons. اﻟﻤﺮاس ُ ﺻْﻌ َ ِ ﺐ Intractable person; a diffcult person hard to deal with. ّ ﻋﻠﻰ ا / .ﺳﻲ ﻣﺤﻨّﻚ ﻓﻲ وﻗﺖ اﻷزﻣﺎت ﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أﻧّﮫ رﺋﯿﺲ ُ ّ ﺻﻌﺐ اﻟﻤﺮاس ّإﻻ أﻧّﮫ أﺛﺒﺖ أﻧّﮫ ﺳﯿﺎ ٌ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ أن ﯾﺘﺤﻮل أي/ .ﺻﻌﺐ اﻟﻤﺮاس وأﺟﺪ ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔً ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺔً ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘّﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻌﮫ ﺷﺨﺺ إﻧّﮫ ُ .إﻧﺴﺎن إﻟﻰ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺻﻌﺐ اﻟﻤﺮاس إن ﺗﻌﺮض إﻟﻰ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ Despite being an intractable president, he has proven to be a very skilled politician in times of crisis./I fnd it very hard to deal with this intractable person./Everyone can become diffcult to deal with when put under stress. اﻟﻤﻨﺎل ُ ﺻْﻌ َ َ ﺐ To be unattainable; hard to get; diffcult to achieve; to be elusive. ّ ّ ﻣﺼﻞ ﯾﺘّﻔﻖ/ .ﺎل ﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ اﻟﻔﯿﺮوس ﻓﻲ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ ھﻲ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔٌ ﺻﻌﺒﺔُ اﻟﻤﻨﺎل إن إﯾﺠﺎد ٍ ﻓﻌ ٍ ّ اﻟﻤﺮاﻗﺒﻮن ﻋﻠﻰ .ﺑﺸﺄن ھﺬه اﻟﻘﻀﯿّﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ وﻣﺎ زاﻟﺖ ﺻﻌﺒﺔَ اﻟﻤﻨﺎل أن ﺗﻄﻠّﻌﺎت اﻷﻣﻢ اﻟﻤﺘّﺤﺪة َ ِ ّ / .إن ﻣﻘﺎرﺑﺔ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺳﺘﺠﻌﻞ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ أھﺪاف اﻟﺘﻨﻤﯿﺔ ﺻﻌﺐ اﻟﻤﻨﺎل Finding an effective vaccine to fght the virus at this point is an unattainable issue./Observers agree that the United Nations’ aspirations regarding this issue have always been diffcult to achieve./The government’s approach will make the development goals elusive. ﺳّﻮى ِﺣﺴﺎﺑَﮫُ َﻣَﻊ َ /ﺻﻔّﻰ َ To settle scores with someone; to settle accounts with someone. ّ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻟﮭﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﮭﺠﻮم وأﺷﺎرت إﻟﻰ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺎت ﺑﯿﻦ أن ھﺬا اﻟﮭﺠﻮم ھﻮ ﺗﺼﻔﯿﺔ ﻧﻔﺖ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔُ أﯾّﺔ ٍ ٍ ِ ّ أﺣﺲ ّ ّ اﻛﺘﺸﻒ،ﻋﺪوه اﻟﻠّﺪود ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ/ .اﻟﻤﺘﻤﺮدﯾﻦ ّ أن اﻟﻔﺮﺻﺔ ﻣﻮاﺗﯿﺔ ﻟﮫ ﻛﻲ ﯾُﺼﻔّﻲ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﮫ ﻣﻊ 110 ﺣﺮف اﻟﺼﺎد ّ / .ﻋﺪوه ﻗﺪ ﻣﺎت ﻣﻨﺬ أﯾﺎم ّ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺴﮫ اﻟﺬي أطﺎح ﺑﮫ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﮫ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺼﻤٌﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺴﻮﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﻼﻛﻢ إن ّ أن ّ ِ ِ َ .ﻌﺒﺔ اﻷﺧﯿﺮة ِ ّﻓﻲ اﻟﻠ The government denied any connection with the attack and pointed out that it is a settling of accounts between insurgents./When he felt this was the opportunity for him to settle accounts with his archenemy, he discovered he was dead a few days ago./The boxer is determined to settle scores with his rival, who knocked him down in the last game. ﻮع ُ اﻟﻤْﻮ ُ ﺻْﻠ ُ َ ﺐ ِ ﺿ Crux of the matter; at the heart of the matter; at the core of the subject; to the point of the matter. ّ اﻟﻄﺒﯿﺐ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻠﺐ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع وﻗﺪ دﺧﻞ/ .ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﺗﮫ ھﻮ ﻣﺒﺪأ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺳﺒﺔ إن ﺻﻠﺐ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع ﻓﻲ ُ ِ ّ / .اﻟﺴﯿﻄﺮة ّ اﻟﻤﺮﯾﺾ ّ اﻟﻤﺮض ﻗﺪ ﺧﺮج ﻋﻦ إن أﺳﺌﻠﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪك ﻛﻲ ﻻ ﺗﺨﺮج ﻋﻦ أن وأﺧﺒﺮ َ َ .ﺻﻠﺐ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع The crux of the matter in his writings is the principle of accountability./The physician then came to the heart of the matter, telling the patient that the disease was out of control./My questions help you not to fall outside the core of the subject. ﺻﻠَﺔُ َرِﺣﻢ ِ Upholding ties of kinship; keeping good relations with one’s relatives; blood relatives. ّ / . ﺣﺎﻓِﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻠﺔ رﺣﻤﻚ وإن ﻟﻢ ﯾﻘﻮﻣﻮا ھﻢ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ/ .اﻟﺮﺣﻢ ّ ّ ﯾﺄﻣﺮ ﺑﺼﻠﺔ إن ﺣﻤﯿﺪة اﻟﺪﯾﻦ إن ُ َ ﯾﻨﺒﻐﻲ ّأﻻ ﻧﺪع اﻟﺤﯿﺎة ﺗﺨﻄﻔﻨﺎ/ . وھﺬا أﻣﺮ أﻋﺮﻓﮫ ﻟﻠﻤﺮة اﻷوﻟﻰ،وزوﺟﮭﺎ ﺗﺮﺑﻄﮭﻤﺎ ﺻﻠﺔ رﺣﻢ ً .ﺑﻌﯿﺪا ﻋﻦ أﺣﺒّﺎﺋﻨﺎ وﻣﻦ ﺗﺮﺑﻄﻨﺎ ﺑﮭﻢ ﺻﻠﺔُ رﺣﻢ Keeping good relations with one’s relatives is a religious duty./Maintain relations with family members even if they do not do the same./This is the first time I have known that Hameeda and her husband are bloodrelated./We should not let life take us away from our families and loved ones. 111 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases ﺻِﻞ ُ ﺴَﺨﺔٌ ِطْﺒ ْ ﻖ َاﻷ ْ ُ ﻧ/ ٌﺻﻮرة َ Spitting image; a carbon copy of someone; mirror image; the exact double of someone or something; identical; a chip off the old block; two peas in a pod. ّ / .ﺟﺪﺗﮭﺎ ّ اﻟﺼﻐﯿﺮة ھﻲ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ طﺒﻖ اﻷﺻﻞ ﻋﻦ ّ ُھﺬه اﻟﻔﺘﺎة أﺛﻨﺎء ووﻋﻮده ﺗﻌﮭﺪات اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺲ إن ِ ِ َ اﻟﻤﻀﺤﻚ/ .اﻟﺤﻤﻠﺔ اﻻﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﯿّﺔ ﻣﺎ ھﻲ ّإﻻ ﺻﻮرة طﺒﻖ اﻷﺻﻞ ﻟﻤﺒﺎدرﺗﻨﺎ اﻟﺘﻲ أﻋﻠﻨّﺎ ﻋﻨﮭﺎ ﺳﺎﺑﻘًﺎ ِ ّ .أن ھﺬه اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت ﺗﺼﺪر أﺻﻮاﺗًﺎ ھﻲ طﺒﻖ اﻷﺻﻞ ﻣﻦ أﺑﻮاق اﻟﺸﺎﺣﻨﺎت This little girl is a carbon copy of her grandmother./The president’s pledges and promises during the election campaign are but a mirror image of our initiative that we previously announced./What is funny is that these animals make sounds that are identical to truck horns. ﻻت ٌ ﻻت َوَﺟْﻮ ٌ ﺻْﻮ َ To be seasoned; to be indulged in something; to be skilled with experience; to fght many battles. ٌ ﻟﻘﺪ/ .أﻣﺘﮫ ﻣﺮارا ﺻﻮﻻت وﺟﻮﻻت ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﺎرك ﺧﺎﺿﮭﺎ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎن ﺟﻨﺪﯾًﺎ ﻟﮫ ً ً ّ وﺗﻜﺮارا ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ ّ ﻣﺴﺎﺑﻘﺎت ٌ ّ اﻟﺸﻄﺮﻧﺞ ّ ﯾﺒﺪو/ .اﻟﺪوﻟﯿّﺔ ﺻﻮﻻت وﺟﻮﻻت ﻓﻲ اﺳﺘﺤﻖ اﻟﺘﻘﺪﯾﺮ ﻛﻼﻋﺐ ﺷﻄﺮﻧﺞ ﻟﮫ ِ ٌ ّ ّ أن .اﻟﺴﻜﺮ واﻟﻔﺠﻮر ﯿﺎﺳﻲ اﻟﻤﺸﮭﻮر ﻟﮫ ُ ﺻﻮﻻت وﺟﻮﻻت ﻓﻲ ّ اﻟﺴ He was a seasoned soldier who fought battles again and again for the sake of his nation./He earned the respect as a skilled and seasoned chess player in international chess competitions./It seems that the famous politician has indulged in drunkenness and debauchery. 112 ض ﺣﺮف اﻟﻀﺎد ﺿﺎق َذْرًﻋﺎ َ To be unable to put up with someone or something anymore; to be fed up or tired with something; to be unable to take or bear something anymore. ّ ذرﻋﺎ ﺑﻮﺿﻊ ّ ً وﯾﻔﻜﺮون ﺑﺘﺮك اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﺰري ﻀﯿﻘﻮن إن َ َ َ َاﻟﻌﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻮظّﻔﯿﻦ ﺻﺎروا ﯾ ُﺿﺎﻗﺖ اﻟﻤﻤﺜﻠﺔ ُ ً ّ اﻟﯿﻮﻣﻲ ّ / .اﻟﺼﺎدر ﻣﻦ ھﺬا اﻟﺒﯿﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺠﯿﺞ ذرﻋﺎ اﻟﺠﯿﺮان ﺿﺎق/ .وظﺎﺋﻔﮭﻢ ّ ِ ّ ذرﻋﺎ ﺑﺘﺮﻛﯿﺰ اﻹﻋﻼم ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﯿﺎﺗﮭﺎ ً .اﻟﺸﺨﺼﯿّﺔ Many employees cannot stand the dire situation in the company anymore and are considering leaving their jobs./The neighbours were fed up with the daily noise coming from this house./The actress could not bear the media focus on her private life anymore. رض ْ ُ َﻋﻠَْﯿِﮫ َاﻷ/ ﺑﮫ ِ ﺿﺎﻗﺖ To be at one’s wit’s end; to feel desperate or helpless. ّ ٌاﻷرض ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ أوﻗﻔﺘﮫ دورﯾّﺔ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺿﺎﻗﺖ ﺑﮫ/ .ﻟﻠﺸﺮطﺔ اﻟﻌﺪاﻟﺔ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺿﺎﻗﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﮭﺎرب ﻣﻦ وﺟﮫ ُ ِ اﻷرض ﺑﮭﺎ ﺿﺎﻗﺖ ﻟﻘﺪ/ .ﻋﻼج ﻻﺑﻨﺘﮫ اﻟﻤﺮﯾﻀﺔ اﻟﻌﺜﻮر ﻋﻠﻰ ُ ُ ﺑﻌﺪ أن ﻓﻘﺪ اﻷﻣﻞ ﻓﻲ َ اﻷرض ِ ٍ ّﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ اﺿﻄُ ّﺮت ﻟﻤﻐﺎدرة ﺑﯿﺘﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ أﻋﻘﺎب اﻟﺘ .ﮭﺪﯾﺪات اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻠﻘّﺘﮭﺎ ِ The fugitive was at his wit’s end when he was stopped by a police patrol./ He found himself desperate after losing the hope of fnding a cure for his ill daughter./She felt helpless when she was compelled to leave her home in the aftermath of threats she had received. DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-16 113 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases َ َﺿﺒ َ ً ﻄﮫُ ُﻣﺘَﻠَﺒﱢ ِﺴﺎ ﺑــ To be caught red-handed. ُ ْ ﺗﻢ ّ اﻟﺼّﺤﺔ ﻣﺘﻠﺒ ًّﺴﺎ ﺑﺘﻠﻘّﻲ ّ إﺑﻌﺎد ﺗﻢ اﻟﺪﺑﻠﻮﻣﺎﺳﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻼد ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﻔﺘّﺶ َ ّ / .اﻟﺮﺷﻮة ّ ْ .ﺴﯿﻦ ﺑﺄﻋﻤﺎل ﻏﯿﺮ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﯿّﺔ َ ّﺿﺒِﻄﮭﻢ ﻣﺘﻠﺒ The health inspector was caught red-handed taking a bribe./The diplomats were expelled from the country because they were caught red-handed in illegal activities. ﺿِﺤٌﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﱡ اﻟﺬﻗﻮن َ To be a mere sham; to be mere deception; to dupe or trick someone. ّ ّ إن ﺧﻄّﺔ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ اﻹﺻﻼﺣﯿّﺔ ﻣﺎ ھﻲ ّإﻻ ﺿﺤﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ اّﻟﺬﻗﻮن وﻟﻦ ﺗُﺤﻘّﻖ / .ﺣﻘﯿﻘﻲ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ أي ّ ٍ ّ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺿﺤﻚ/ .وﻋﻮد ﻛﺎذﺑﺔ إطﻼق ﯿﺎﺳﯿﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻗﻮن اﻟﻨّﺎس ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺴ ﯾﻀﺤﻚ ُ َ ٍ ِ .اﻟﻤﺤﺘﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻗﻮﻧﻜﻢ وﺳﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ اﻟﻤﻼﯾﯿﻦ ُ The government’s reform plan is a mere sham and will not bring any real change./Some politicians dupe people by making false promises./The swindler conned you out of millions. ْ ب ﺳﺪاس ْ ﻤﺎﺳﺎ ِﻷ ً أﺧ َ ﺿَﺮ َ To be in a whirlwind of confusion; to be unable to think straight; at sixes and sevens; to be confused or puzzled. In Classical Arabic: to deceive. ّ إن اﻷﻧﺒﺎء ﺣﻮل ّ أﺧﻤﺎﺳﺎ ﻷﺳﺪاس ﺣﻮل ﻛﯿﻔﯿّﺔ اﻟﺘّﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻘﺪم اﻟﻌﺪو ﺟﻌﻠﺖ اﻟﻘﯿﺎدة ﺗﻀﺮب ً ﻛﺎن/ .اﻵﻟﻲ اﻟﺤﻘﯿﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن أﺧﻤﺎﺳﺎ ﻷﺳﺪاس ﻛﻲ ﯾﻤﯿّﺰ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن ﺿﺮب/ .اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ ً ّ ّ .أﺧﻤﺎﺳﺎ ﻷﺳﺪاس ﺑﺸﺄن ﻣﺎ ﯾﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﻓﻌﻠﮫ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﺮك ﻋﻤﻠﮫ ﯾﻀﺮب ُ ً The news of the advancing enemy left the leadership in a whirlwind of confusion over how to deal with the situation./He could not think straight in his effort to distinguish the real human from the robot./He was at sixes and sevens over what to do after leaving his job. 114 ﺣﺮف اﻟﻀﺎد ب ﺑِﺄ َ ْطﻨﺎﺑِِﮫ َ ﺿَﺮ َ To prevail and take root. ُ ُ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﯾ/ .ﻛﻞ أرﺟﺎء اﻟﺒﻼد ّ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻔﻮﺿﻰ ﺗﻀﺮب ﺑﺄطﻨﺎﺑﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻤﻨﻊ ﻤﻜﻦ ﻓﻌﻠﮫ ﻛﻲ َ ِ ّ اﻟﺪوﻟﻲ ﯾﺘﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ / ﺗﻀﺮب ﺑﺄطﻨﺎﺑﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ؟ اﻟﻤﺘﻄﺮﻓﺔَ ﻣﻦ أن اﻹﯾﺪﯾﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎت ُ َ ّ ِ ّ .ﯾﻀﺮﺑﺎن ﺑﺄطﻨﺎﺑﮭﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺪﺧﻞ ﻹﯾﻘﺎف اﻟﻔﻘﺮ واﻟﺠﮭﻞ اﻟﻠﺬﯾﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﯿّﺔ ِ The chaos was taking root all over the country./What can be done to prevent extreme ideologies from taking root in society?/The international community has the responsibility to intervene, to stop ignorance and poverty that is prevailing and taking root in the region. ﺬورِه َ ﺿَﺮ َ ِ ب ﺑِ ُﺠ To sink deep roots into something; roots go way back into; the roots are deep. ّاﻟﻌﺪاﻟﺔ ﻟﻢ ﯾﻀﺮب ﺑﺠﺬوره ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﺘ ّ / .ﺸﺮﯾﻌﺎت اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﯿّﺔ ّ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت ﺑﯿﻦ إن ﻣﻔﮭﻮم إن ِ ِ ِ َ ّ اﺿﻄﺮاﺑﺎت ّ / .اﻟﺒﻠﺪﯾﻦ ﺿﺎرﺑﺔٌ ﺑﺠﺬورھﺎ ﻓﻲ ُﻋﻤﻖ اﻟﺘّﺎرﯾﺦ ﺗﻀﺮب اﻟﺸﺨﺼﯿّﺔ إن اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ ُ َ ِ ّ .ﺑﺠﺬورھﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﻔﻮﻟﺔ The concept of equality has yet to sink its roots into all the government legislations./The relationship between the two countries has deep historical roots./ The roots of many personality disorders go way back into childhood. ض اﻟﺤﺎﺋِِﻂ َ ب ﺑِِﮫ ُﻋْﺮ َ ﺿَﺮ َ To fout a (law, rule). ّ ﺿﺮب/ .ﻚ ﺑﺄﻧّﮫ ﺿﺮب ﺑﺄﺣﻜﺎم ﷲ ﻋﺮض اﻟﺤﺎﺋﻂ ُ ِاﺗﱡِﮭﻢ اﻟﻤﻠ ﺎﻋﺮ اﻟﻤﺜﯿﺮ ﻟﻠﺠﺪل ﺑﻘِﯿَﻢ ُ اﻟﺸ ّ ﺑﻌﺾ ﯾﻠﺘﺰﻣﻮن اﻟﺸﺒﺎن ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن ﻋﺮض اﻟﺤﺎﺋﻂ وﻻ ﯾَﻀﺮب/ .ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌﮫ ﻋﺮض اﻟﺤﺎﺋﻂ ُ َ ِ .اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺘّﺒﺎﻋﺪ ّ The king was accused of fouting God’s laws./The controversial poet felt free to fout the values of his society./Many young people fout the law by not keeping social distancing. 115 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases ﺻْﻔًﺤﺎ َﻋْﻦ َ ض َ أَ ْﻋَﺮ/ ب َ ﺿَﺮ َ To turn away from someone or something; to ignore or reject someone or something; to dismiss; to disregard; to drop; to shun; not to take into consideration. ُرت اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ُ ّ ﺻﻔﺤﺎ ﻋﻦ دور ّ ﻟﻘﺪ/ .ﻛﺘﺎﺑﮫ اﻷﺧﯿﺮ اﻟﺪﯾﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺿﺮب ً ِ ﻗﺮ ِ ّ ﻟﻘﺪ أﻋﺮض اﻟﻤﺴﺆول ﻋﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى/ .ﺗﻮﺻﯿﺎت اﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ رﻏﻢ أھﻤﯿﺘﮭﺎ ﺻﻔﺤﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻀﺮب أن ً َ ِ ّ اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ .اﻟﺴﺆال ﺻﻔﺤﺎ ﻋﻦ ً ِ The scholar has ignored the role of religion in society in his last book./The government has decided to ignore the recommendations of the committee despite their importance./The top offcial has turned away from answering the question. ﺎس ّ اﻟﺤ َ اﻟﻮﺗ َِﺮ َ ﺿَﺮ َ َ ب َﻋﻠﻰ ِ ﺴ To hit or touch a raw nerve; to touch a sore spot. ّ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺿﺮب/ .اﻟﺤﺴﺎس ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺠﻤﺎھﯿﺮ اﻟﺠﻨﺴﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮﺗﺮ ﻘﺎش ﺣﻮل اﻟﻤﺴﺎواة ﺑﯿﻦ ُ ّﺿﺮب اﻟﻨ َ ّ ﺿﺮب/ .اﻟﺤﺴﺎس ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﺎﻗﺶ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻠﮭﺎ ﻣﻊ زﻣﻼﺋﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ّ وﺗﺮا ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮﺗﺮ ً ﺤﻔﻲ ّ اﻟﺼ ّ ﺑﺘﻘﺮﯾﺮه ﺣﯿﺎة اﻟﻐﺠﺮ .اﻟﺼﻌﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻏﻄّﻰ ً ِ The debate about gender equality hit a raw nerve among the public./He hit a raw nerve when he discussed her problems with her colleagues at work./ The journalist hit a sore spot when he reported about the hard life of gypsies in the country. ذات اﻟﯿَ ِﺪ ُ ِ ُ ﻗِﻠﱠﺔ/ ﺿﯿﻖ Poverty; suffering from fnancial hardship. ٌ ﯾﺘﺮك،ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺿﯿﻖ ذات اﻟﯿﺪ ٌ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ/ .وﺗﻌﻠﯿﻤﮭﻢ ﻣﺪارﺳﮭﻢ ﻛﺒﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻷطﻔﺎل ﻋﺪد َ َ ّ ،اﻟﻤﺮض وﺿﯿﻖ ذات اﻟﯿﺪ ُ ﯾﻌﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﻤﻦ ﯾﻘﻮم ﻨﺖ اﻟﻤﺮأةُ ﻣﻦ َ ّ اﻟﻌﺪﯾﺪ ِ ِ ﺗﻤﻜ ُ / .ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺔ ﺑﻨﺎﺗﮭﺎ اﻟﺜّﻼث ِ ّ .اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ھﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺮوض ﻣﻦ ﺿﯿﻖ ذات اﻟﯿﺪ ﺑﺘﻘﺪﯾﻢ طﻠﺐ ِ Because of poverty, a large number of children drop out of school./Despite poverty and illness, the woman was able to raise her three daughters./Many of those who suffer from fnancial hardship apply for this kind of loan. 116 ﺣﺮف اﻟﻀﺎد ﻨﺎق َﻋﻠﻰ َ اﻟﺨ َ ﺿﯿﱠ َ ِ ﻖ To increase pressure; to be cornered; to tighten the rope; to suppress; to be embattled. ّ اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ ﻛﻲ ّ رﺋﯿﺲ ُ اﻗﺪم اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺒﮫ ﺑﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ/ .ﯾﻘﺪَم اﻟﻤﺰﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻨﺎزﻻت ﺗﻀﯿﯿﻖ اﻟﺨﻨﺎق ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻢ ّ ِ ّ اﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎر ﺑﻌﺪ أن ﺿﯿّﻘﺖ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ُ ّ ﺿﯿﻘﺖ اﻟﻤﻘﯿﻤﯿﻦ اﻟﺨﻨﺎق ﻋﻠﻰ ﻠﻄﺎت اﻟﺴ / .اﻟﺸﺮطﺔُ اﻟﺨﻨﺎق َ َ ِ .ﺑﺼﻮرة ﻏﯿﺮ ﺷﺮﻋﯿّﺔ ﻛﻲ ﯾﻐﺎدروا اﻟﺒﻼد ٍ The head of the state has come under increased pressure to make more concessions./The suspect committed suicide after being cornered by police./The illegal residents were embattled by the authorities to leave the country. 117 ط ﺣﺮف اﻟﻄﺎء ُ َﻋْﻘﻠُﮫ/ ُطﺎر ﺻﻮاﺑُﮫ َ To lose one’s mind or reason; to go mad, insane, or crazy; to become furious or livid. ّ ﻣﺨﺮﺑًﺎ ّ ّ ﻮاب ا ﻮاب ﺟﻞ وأﺻﺎﺑﮫ ھﯿﺎٌج ُ وطﺎر ﺻ/ .ﯾﻘﮫ ُ ﻟﻘﺪ طﺎر ﺻ ٍ ﻛﻞ ﺷ ِ ﻲء ﻓﻲ طﺮ ِ ﻟﺮ وطﺎر ﺻﻮاﺑُﮭﺎ ﺣﯿﻦ اﻛﺘﺸﻔﺖ أﻧّﮫ/ .ﻛﺘﺸﻒ ﺟﻤﺠﻤﺔً ﻗﺪﯾﻤﺔً ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻟﺐ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ا َ ِ اﻟﻄّﺎ .ﻛﺬب ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ The man lost his mind and went on a rampage, destroying everything in his way./The student went mad after discovering an ancient skull in the library./ She became livid when she found out he lied to her. طﺎر ﻓَ َﺮًﺣﺎ َ To be overjoyed; to be overwhelmed with joy; to be beside oneself with joy; to be ecstatic. ُ ّ اﻟﻌﺜﻮر ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻠﺒﮭﻢ ﻓﺮﺣﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ وﺿﻌﺖ ﺗﻢ ﻟﻘﺪ طﺎر ُ ً ﻟﻘﺪ طﺎرت/ .اﻟﻀﺎﺋﻊ ً اﻷوﻻد ّ ﻓﺮﺣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ أن ّ وﻟﺪه ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﮭﺎدة ُ ﻓﺮﺣﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺣﺼﻞ ّ ﻟﻘﺪ طﺎر/ .ﻣﻮﻟﻮدﺗﮭﺎ اﻷوﻟﻰ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮراه ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ُ اﻟﺮ ً ﺟﻞ .ﻓﺮﺣﺎ ﻟﺮؤﯾﺔ أطﻔﺎﻟِﮭﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻏﯿﺎب ً اﻷم ّ طﺎرت/ .ھﺎرﻓﺎرد The children were overjoyed after their missing dog was found./She was overwhelmed with joy when she gave birth to her frst girl./The man was overwhelmed with joy when his son earned his doctoral degree at Harvard University./The mother was beside herself with joy at seeing her children again. 118 DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-17 ﺣﺮف اﻟﻄﺎء اﻟﺴﱢﻦ طﺎﻋٌﻦ ﻓﻲ ﱢ ِ Very old person; elderly person. ٌ ٌ ّ وھﻮ ﺻﯿ،ّادﻋﻰ أﻧﺴﯿﻠﻤﻮ ھﯿﺮﻧﺎﻧﺪﯾﺰ ّ ﻠﮭﻢ ّ طﺎﻋﻦ ﻓﻲ واﺋﻲ إﯾﺮﻧﺴﺖ ﻛﻮﺑﻲ ﺎد ّ ﻟﻠﺮ ﱞ ُ اﻟﺴّﻦ أﻧّﮫ ﻛﺎن ِ اﻟﻤ ّ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻓﮭﻢ/ “.رواﯾﺘﮫ ”اﻟﻌﺠﻮز واﻟﺒﺤﺮ ّ أﺧﯿﺮا ّ أن اﻟﺸ ﱡ ﺟﻞ اﻟﺤﻜﯿﻢ ﺎب ھﯿﻤﯿﻨﻐﻮاي ﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ً َ اﻟﺮ ِ ّ اﻟﻄّﺎﻋﻦ ﻓﻲ .ﺻﻮاب َ اﻟﺴّﻦ ﻛﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ Anselmo Hernandez, the old Cuban fsherman, claimed he had been the inspiration for Ernest Hemingway’s novel “The Old Man and the Sea.”/The young man fnally realised that the wise old man was right. ُ ُﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﻜْﺒﺮى اﻟﻄّ ﱠ Massive catastrophe; the greatest overwhelming calamity. ّﺎﻣﺔُ اﻟﻜﺒﺮى ھﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨّﻈﺎم اﻟﺘ ّ / .ﻌﻠﯿﻤﻲ ﺐا َ َ إن ﺗﺪرﯾ ّ ّ ﻟﻤﻌﻠﻤﯿﻦ ﻻ ﯾﺮﻗﻰ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب واﻟﻄ ّ ّ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ إن ٌ ٌ ﺗﻌﺪت طﺎﻣﺔ ﻛﺒﺮى ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ﺻﺎدر ﻋﻦ اﻷﻣﻢ اﻟﻤﺘّﺤﺪة ﻣﻦ وﻗﻮع ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺮ ﺣﺬر ٍ ّ ُ ّ .اﻟﺤﺮاري ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ درﺟﺔ وﻧﺼﻒ ﻣﺌﻮﯾّﺔ اﻻﺣﺘﺒﺎس ﺑﻔﻌﻞ درﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارة ِ ِ Teacher training is not up to the level, and the catastrophe is in the educational system./A worldwide catastrophe will occur when global warming exceeds 1.5 degrees, a UN report warned. َ ٌطَﺮأَ ْت ﻟَﮫُ ﻓِ ْﻜَﺮة To come to someone’s mind; to have an idea; to occur to someone; to pop into someone’s head. ُﺟﺎﻟﺴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻔّ ِﺔ اﻟﻨّﮭﺮ ﺣﯿﻦ طﺮأت ﻟﻲ ﻓﻜﺮة ُ ّ ﯾﺴﺎﻋﺪ طﺮأت ﻟﮫ ﻓﻜﺮةٌ ﺑﺄن/ .اﻟﻘﺼﺔ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻛﻨﺖ ً َ ِ ﻣﺆﺗﻤﺮ طﺮأت ﻟﮭﺎ ﻓﻜﺮةٌ ﻹﻧﺸﺎء/ .أﻋﻤﺎل ﺟﺪﯾﺪة ﻓﺮص ﻓﻲ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺣﯿﺎة اﻟﻨّﺎس ﻋﺒﺮ ﺗﻮﻓﯿﺮ ٍ ٍ ِ .ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻈﻤﺎت ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﯿّﺔ ِ I was sitting by the river bank when the idea came to me to write the story./It occurred to him to help change people’s lives through new job opportunities./ She had an idea to create a conference for Non-Government Organisations. 119 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases َ ﺿﺎ ً طَﺮَﺣﮫُ أَ ْر To throw someone to the ground; to hurl someone to the ground or foor. ّ ﺷﮭﻮد ﻋﯿﺎن ٌ ُ َاﻟﺴﯿﺪة ّ ﺟﻞ طﺮح ّ أن اﻟﻤﺮﻋﻮب اﻟﺤﺼﺎن طﺮح/ .أرﺿﺎ وﺑﺪأ ﺑﻀﺮﺑﮭﺎ ذﻛﺮ ُ ً َ اﻟﺮ ُ َ ّ وﺟﺪت طﺮﯾﺢ اﻟﻌﺠﻮز ﺟﻞ / .أرﺿﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺴﮫ ﻻﻋﺐ اﻟﺠﻮدو طﺮح/ .ﺑﻜﻞ ﻗﻮة ﻓﺎرﺳﮫ ُ ً أرﺿﺎ ﱢ ً َ َ اﻟﺮ َ َ .اﻷرض وھﻮ ﯾﻨﺰف ِ According to eyewitnesses, the man threw the lady to the ground and began to hit her./The frightened horse threw its rider to the ground with great force./ The judo player threw his opponent to the ground./I found the old man hurled to the foor, bleeding. َ َ (طﻔَ َﺢ )ﺑِِﮫ اﻟﻜْﯿُﻞ To reach one’s limit; enough is enough; to have had enough of something or someone. ّ ،ﯾﻌﺪ ﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎﻧﮫ أن ﯾﺘﺤﻤﻞ ﻓﺎل اﻟﻄّﺒﯿﺐ/ .ُﯾﺘﺮك ﻋﻤﻠﮫ وﻗﺮر أن ﻟﻘﺪ طﻔﺢ ُ اﻟﻜﯿﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮظّﻒ وﻟﻢ ُ َ ”ﻟﻘﺪ طﻔﺢ اﻟﻜﯿﻞ“ ﺣﯿﻦ ﺗﻢ إﺣﻀﺎر اﻟﺠﺮاء اﻟﺠﺮﯾﺤﺔ وھﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﯾﺮﺛﻰ ﻟﮭﺎ إﻟﻰ:اﻟﺒﯿﻄﺮي .طﻔﺢ ﺑﻨﺎ اﻟﻜﯿﻞ ﻟﻘﺪ، ﯾﻜﻔﻲ/ .اﻟﺠﻤﻌﯿﺔ اﻟﺨﯿﺮﯾﺔ ﻟﺮﻋﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺤﯿﻮان َ The employee has reached his limit and cannot take it anymore. He has decided to leave his job./“Enough is enough,” said the animal welfare charity vet as puppies were admitted with distressing injuries./That’s it. We have had enough. ﻤﺎن ِ طَﱡﻲ ِ اﻟﻜْﺘ To keep something under wraps; to keep something secret or confdential; to be classifed, restricted, under the seal of secrecy, hidden, or concealed. ّ ﻧﻈﯿﺮه ﺗﻢ اﻹﺑﻘﺎء اﻟﻤﺤﺎدﺛﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﯿﻞ اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺲ أﺑﻘﻰ ُ َ ّ ﻷﺳﺒﺎب أﻣﻨﯿّﺔ ﻓﻘﺪ/ .طﻲ اﻟﻜﺘﻤﺎن ّ ﯿﻨﻲ ّ اﻟﺼ ِ ِ ّ ﻧﺸﺮ / .1946 طﻲ اﻟﻜﺘﻤﺎن ﻟﻐﺎﯾﺔ ﻋﺎم ﻋﻠﻰ اﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﻋﻨﺼﺮ اﻟﺒﻠﻮﺗﻮﻧﯿﻮم َ ُﺗﻌﺘﺰم اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ّ اﻟﻤﺸﻊ ُ ّ اﻟﺴﺮي اﻟﺬي ّ .ﻋﺎﻣﺎ طﻲ اﻟﻜﺘﻤﺎن اﻟﺘّﻘﺮﯾﺮ َ ّ ظﻞ ً ﻷرﺑﻌﯿﻦ The president concealed the details of his conversation with his Chinese counterpart./For security reasons, the discovery of the radioactive element 120 ﺣﺮف اﻟﻄﺎء plutonium was kept secret until 1946./The government plans to release the classifed report that was kept secret for 40 years. ﺐ ﷲُ ﺛَﺮاه َ طَﯿﱠ May he/she rest in peace; God rest his/her soul. ُ واﻟﻜﺮاھﯿﺔ،ﯾﻘﻮد ﻟﻠﻜﺮاھﯿﺔ ُ اﻟﺠﮭﻞ ” :اﻷﻧﺪﻟﺴﻲ أﺑﻮ اﻟﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺑﻦ رﺷﺪ طﯿّﺐ ﷲ ﺛﺮاه ﻗﺎل اﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ُ ّ ّ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ ُ ّ ﻋﻤﺮ ﯾﻨﺎھﺰ ، طﯿّﺐ ﷲ ﺛﺮاه، وﻗﺪ ﻛﺎن،اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ واﻟﺜّﻤﺎﻧﯿﻦ اﻟﺪﯾﻦ ﻋﻦ ُ ﺗﻮﻓّﻲ/ “.ﺗﻘﻮد ﻟﻠﻌﻨﻒ ٍ ً .وﺗﺪرﯾﺲ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺣﯿﺎﺗﮫ ﻣﺸﺘﻐﻼ إﻟﻰ آﺧﺮ أﯾّﺎم ِ ِ ِ The famous Andalusian jurist, Abu al-Walid Ibn Rushd (Averroes) – may God rest his soul – said, “Ignorance leads to hatred, and hatred leads to violence.”/ The religious scholar passed away at 87 years of age. Until his last days, he was busy writing and teaching scholars, may God rest his soul. 121 ظ ﺣﺮف اﻟﻈﺎء ﺑﮫ ﱡ َ ﻨﻮن َ اﻟﻈ ِ ظﱠﻦ To become increasingly suspicious of someone’s motives; to have suspicious thoughts against someone. ّ اﻟﻈﻨﻮن ﺑﺴﻜﺮﺗﯿﺮه ّ ﻓﻘﺪ،ﺨﺼﻲ ّ ّ ُظﻦ أﻧّﮫ ﯾ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻋﻨﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺮب اﻟﺸ ﯾﻈﻦ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﺮ ﮐﺎن ُ َ ٍ ّ ّ أﻧﺎ ﻻ/ .ﺑﻨﻔﯿﮫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ ّ / .اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ّ أظﻦ اﻟﻈﻨﻮن ،ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺑﺄﺧﯿﮫ ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ظﻦ اﻟﺨﻠﯿﻔﺔُ اﻟﻈﻨﻮن ِ ِ ّ ٌ .ﺑﺈﯾﺬاء أﺣﺪ ﻋﺎدي وﻻ ﯾﻔﻜﺮ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻓﮭﻮ ِ The boss was becoming increasingly suspicious of his personal secretary; he thought he was leaking information about him on the Internet./The Caliph had suspicious thoughts of his brother so he ordered him to be banished out of the city./I am not being suspicious of the man; he is an ordinary person and would never think to harm anybody. َ ُظَﮭَﺮ َﻣْﻌَﺪﻧُﮫ To reveal or show one’s true colours; to reveal one’s true character. ّ ﺑﺪت/ .اﻟﻤﻀﺎدة ﻟﻠﺪﯾﻤﻘﺮاطﯿّﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﺑﺘﺼﺮﯾﺤﺎت ﺗﺆﯾّﺪ ﻟﻘﺪ ظﮭﺮ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﮫُ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ أدﻟﻰ ُدﻋﻤﮫ ٍ ِ َ ّ ﻟﺤﻔﻞ ّأن ﻣﻌﺪﻧﮭﺎ ظﮭﺮ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺘ ّ ﺧﻄﯿﺒﺘﮫُ ﻟﻄﯿﻔﺔً ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺪاﯾﺔ ّإﻻ أظﮭﺮت ﻟﻘﺪ/ .اﻟﺰﻓﺎف ﺤﻀﯿﺮات ِ ِ ِ ٌ .ﻓﺎﺳﺪ أﺧﻼﻗﯿًﺎ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔُ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﮫُ ﻓﻲ أﻧّﮫ ّ He revealed his true colours when he announced his support for the antidemocratic movement./His fancé seemed nice at frst, but she showed her true colours during the wedding preparations./The interview showed his true character as a morally corrupt politician. 122 DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-18 ع ﺣﺮف اﻟﻌﯿﻦ َ ﺴﺎدا ً َﻋﺎث ﻓ To wreak havoc; to widely corrupt or destroy; to cause much damage. ّ ﻓﺴﺎدا ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻠﺪ ُ اﻟﺼ ً ً ّ ﯾَﻌﯿﺚ/ .ﻓﺴﺎدا ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺸﺮق ﺎﺋﻔﻲ اﻹرھﺎﺑﻲ ﻨﻈﯿﻢ ّ ّﺮاع اﻟﻄ ّ ُ ّﻋﺎث اﻟﺘ ّاﻗﻮن ﺑﺎﻟﻨ ّ ﺼﻮص اﻷﺻﻠﯿّﺔ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻋﺎث/ .واﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻨّﻄﺎق ﺑﻤﻌﺎﻧﺎة ﺑﺸﺮﯾ ٍّﺔ أوﺳﻄﻲ ﻣﺘﺴﺒﺒًﺎ َ اﻟﻮر ٍ ّ ِ ِ ً .ﯾﺼﻌﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﮭﺎ اﻟﺜّﻘﺔ ﺑﻤﺼﺪاﻗﯿِّﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﻄﻮطﺎت ﻓﺴﺎدا إﻟﻰ درﺟﺔ ُ The terrorist organisation has wreaked havoc in the region./The sectarian confict is wreaking havoc in the Middle Eastern country, resulting in widespread human suffering./The scribes widely corrupted the original texts to the point that it is diffcult to trust the credibility of the scripts. آﺟًﻼ ٍ ﻋﺎﺟًﻼ أَو ٍ Sooner or later; eventually. ً ﻋﺎﺟﻼ أو ً ً ﻋﺎﺟﻼ أو ً ُ ُ ُ ﺳﺘ/ .آﺟﻼ ﻛﻨﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ آﺟﻼ أﻧّﻨﻲ ﺪرك اﺑﻨﺘﻲ ﻧﮭﺎﺋﻲ اﺗﻔﺎق ﺳﻨﺼﻞ إﻟﻰ ُ ﱟ ٍ ً ﻋﺎﺟﻼ أو ً ُ ّ ﯿﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﯿّﺔُ ﻓﻲ ّ ّ آﺟﻼ ﺳﺘﻨﺠﺢ اﻟﻔﺠﻮة ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻌﺮض واﻟﻄﻠﺐ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺪ اﻟﺴ / .ﺣﻖ ِ .ﻗﻄﺎع اﻟﻨّﻔﻂ Sooner or later, we will reach a fnal deal./Sooner or later, my daughter is going to realise that I have been right./Sooner or later, the government policies will succeed in closing the gap between supply and demand in the oil sector. DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-19 123 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases َ ُراﺟﮫ َ ﻋﺎد أَ ْد To retrace one’s steps, to go back in the direction one has come from. ﺧﻼل ھﺠﺮﺗﮭﺎ اﻟﺨﺮﯾﻔﯿّﺔ/ .ﺳﺎﻋﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺸﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻔّﺔ اﻟﻨّﮭﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ،ﻋﺎد أدراﺟﮫ ﻧﺤﻮ اﻟﻔﻨﺪق ٍ ُ ُ ّ طﯿﻮر اﻟﺠﻨﻮد وﺑﮭﺪوء ﻋﺎد/ .اﻟﺴﻨﻮﻧﻮ أدراﺟﮭﺎ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺸﺎﺗﯿﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ أﻓﺮﯾﻘﯿﺎ واﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿّﺔ ﺗﻌﻮد ُ .أدراﺟﮭﻢ ﻟﻠﺨﺮوج ﻣﻦ ﺣﻘﻞ اﻷﻟﻐﺎم ﺳﺎﻟﻤﯿﻦ After a few hours’ walk along the river’s bank, he retraced his steps toward the hotel./During their autumn migration, swallows fy, retracing their steps from Europe to their wintering ranges in Africa and Arabia./The soldiers retraced their steps slowly to escape the minefeld. َرَﺟَﻊ اﻟﻘَْﮭﻘَﺮى/ ﻋﺎد َ To go backwards; to relapse; to revert back; fall back; to retreat. ّ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮاﺿﺢ ُ ﻹﻧﻘﺎذ ﺗﻨﺎزﻻت ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺪون ﻟﺘﻘﺪﯾﻢ ھﻞ ﻧﺤﻦ،ﺗﻌﻮد اﻟﻘﮭﻘﺮى اﻟﻤﻔﺎوﺿﺎت أن َ ٍ ِ ِ ًﻣﺮة ّ اﻟﺪﯾﻜﺘﺎﺗﻮري ّ ّ ّ أﯾّﮭﺎ/ اﻻﺗّﻔﺎق؟ ﻻ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﻌﻮدة ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻠﺪ اﻟﻘﮭﻘﺮى إﻟﻰ اﻟﺤﻜﻢ،واﻟﺴﺎدة اﻟﺴﯿّﺪات ّ / .أﺧﺮى ُ .ﻣﺴﺘﻮﯾﺎت ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻷزﻣﺔ ﺗﻌﻮد اﻟﻘﮭﻘﺮى إﻟﻰ إن أﺳﻌﺎر اﻟﻨّﻔﻂ ِ It is clear that the negotiations are going backwards. Are we willing to make concessions to save the deal?/Ladies and gentlemen, this country cannot be brought backwards to fall under dictatorial rule again./The oil prices are falling back to the levels before the crisis. ﺻﻮاﺑِِﮫ َ َ َرَﺟَﻊ إِﻟﻰ/ ﻋﺎد To come to one’s senses; to regain one’s reasoning, wit, sensibility, or rationality. ّ ﻋﺎد ّ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ اﻟﺸ ﱡ ﺳﺘﻌﻮدﯾﻦ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺘﻰ/ .ﻣﺮةً أﺧﺮى ﺻﻮاﺑﮫ واﻟﺘﺤﻖ ﺎب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨّﮭﺎﯾﺔ إﻟﻰ َ ِ ِ َوﺗﻮاﺟﮭﯿﻦ ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺔ ﺗﻌﻮد اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺻﻮاﺑﮭﺎ وﺗُﻌﻠﻦ ﺑﺎﻧﺘﻈﺎر أن ﻧﺤﻦ/ وﺿﻌﻚ؟ ﺻﻮاﺑﻚ َ َ ِ ِ ِ .اﻟﺤﺮب ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻔﺴﺎد َ The young man eventually came to his senses and decided to go back to school./When will you come to your senses and face up to the reality of your situation?/We are still waiting for the government to come to its senses and declare war on corruption. 124 ﺣﺮف اﻟﻌﯿﻦ ﻼﻣِﮫ َ ِ َرَﺟَﻊ ﻓﻲ َﻛ/ ﻋﺎد To go back on one’s word; to renege on; to change one’s mind. ّ ﺒﻲ ﺷﺪﯾﺪ اﻟﻐﻀﺐ ﺣﯿﻦ ﻋﺮف ّ ﻏﻀﺐ أن واﻟﺪﺗﮫُ ﻗﺪ ﻋﺎدت ﻓﻲ ﻛﻼﻣﮭﺎ وﻟﻦ ﺗﺸﺘﺮي ﻟﮫ ّ اﻟﺼ ّ وأﺻﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ أن ﺗﺒﻘﻰ ﻛﻼﻣﮫ ﺑﺄن ﺗُﻜﻤﻞ زوﺟﺘﮫُ دراﺳﺘَﮭﺎ اﻟﺰوج ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎد/ .أﻟﻌﺎب اﻟﻜﻮﻣﺒﯿﻮﺗﺮ ُ َ ِ ّ ُﻣﺮةً أﺧﺮى وھﺎﺟﻢ ﺣﻠﯿﻔَﮫ ّ ﻛﻼﻣﮫ ﻻ/ .ﯿﺎﺳﻲ اﻟﻘﺪﯾﻢ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻋﺎد ﻓﻲ/ .ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﯿﺖ ﻣﻊ اﻷطﻔﺎل ّ اﻟﺴ ِ ً ﻛﻼﻣﻚ .أﺑﺪا ﺗﻌﺪ ﻓﻲ ُ ِ The boy is furious to discover his mother went back on her word, and she will not buy him the computer games./The man reneged on his agreement with his wife that she could continue studying and insisted that she stayed home with the children./He again changed his mind and attacked his old political ally./Never go back on your word. ﻣﻮر إِﻟﻰ ﻧِﺼﺎﺑِﮭﺎ َ ُ ُت اﻷ ِ ﻋﺎد Things go back to normal again. ُ ّ ﺑﺪأ اﻷﻣﻮر إﻟﻰ ﺳﺘﻌﻮد / .اﻷﻣﻮر إﻟﻰ ﻧﺼﺎﺑﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨّﮭﺎﯾﺔ وﻋﺎدت ﺟﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺘّﻌﺎﻓﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮض ُ ُ ُ اﻟﺮ ِ ُ ﺳﺘﻘﻮم ﱡ اﺟﺮاءات ﺨﺎذ اﻟﺴ / .اﻟﻤﺪارس أﺑﻮاﺑَﮭﺎ اﻷﺳﺒﻮع اﻟﻤﻘﺒﻞ ﻧﺼﺎﺑﮭﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻔﺘﺢ ُ ٍ ِ ّﻠﻄﺎت ﺑﺎﺗ ُ .اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﯿ ٍّﺔ ﻹﻋﺎدة اﻷﻣﻮر إﻟﻰ ﻧﺼﺎﺑﮭﺎ The man started to recover from the disease, and eventually, things went back to normal./When schools open next week, things will go back to normal again./The authorities will take extraordinary measures to bring things back to normal again. َﻋَﺠَﺰ ﻟِﺴﺎﻧُﮫُ َﻋْﻦ Words cannot express or tell; to have no words; to be speechless; more than words can express. ُ ﯾﻌﺠﺰ اﻟﻠّﺴﺎن ﻋﻦ/ .ﻟﻮﻻدة ھﺬا اﻟﻄّﻔﻞ اﻟﺮاﺋﻊ ﯾﻌﺠﺰ ﻟﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺪى ﺳﻌﺎدﺗﻲ ِ وﻗﺪ ﻋﺠﺰ ﻟﺴﺎﻧﮭﺎ/ .أﺟﻞ اﻟﻌﺪاﻟﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺪى ﻓﺨﺮﻧﺎ ِ ِ اﻟﻌﻈﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﻤﺘُﻢ ﺑﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ ِ ّ ﻋﻦ ﻛﯿﻔﯿِّﺔ ّ اﻟﺮد ﻋﻠﻰ .اﻟﺴﺆال اﻟﺬي وﺟﮭﮫُ إﻟﯿﮭﺎ اﻟﻤﻌﻠّﻢ Words cannot express how happy I am to have such an amazing baby./We have no words to express how proud we are of all the great work you have 125 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases done for the sake of justice./She was speechless about how to respond to the teacher’s question. َﻋَﺪَل َﻋْﻦ َرْأﯾِ ِﮫ To change one’s mind or opinion; to reconsider. ّ ﻟﻢ ﺗَﻌﺪل ﻋﻦ رأﯾﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ وإﻧّﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﺎول أن ﯾﻜﻮن ﻟﺪﯾﮭﺎ اﻟﻤﺰﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻟﻠﺘّﻔﻜﯿﺮ،اﻟﺰواج ﻣﻨﮫ ّإن اﻟﺘ ّ / .ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺮ ٌ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻻ ﯾﻮﺟﺪ/ .رأﯾﮫ ﻨﺎﻗﺾ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮد ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨّﻈﺮﯾﺔ ﺟﻌﻞ اﻟﻌﺎﻟِ َﻢ ﯾﻌﺪل ﻋﻦ َ ِ ّ ﯾﺠﻌﻠﻨﺎ ﻧﻌﺘﻘﺪ .ﺑﺄن اﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﻗﺪ ﻋﺪل ﻋﻦ رأﯾﮫ ﻓﻲ ُﺣﻜﻤﮫ She has not changed her mind about marrying him; she is just trying to have more time to think about the matter./The contradiction in the theory caused the scientist to change his opinion./There is no reason to think that the judge had had any change of heart regarding his ruling. ﻤﯿﻞ ٌ ِﻋْﺮ َ ِﻓﺎن ﺑ ِ ﺎﻟﺠ Gratitude; thankfulness. ّ ﺗﻌﺒﯿﺮا ﻟﮫ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﺮﻓﺎن ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻤﯿﻞ ﻣﺠﻠﺲ اﻟﻨّﻮاب ﻤﺮ واﻟﻘﮭﻮة ﻟﻌﻀﻮ ً َ ّﻣﺖ اﻟﻤﺮأةُ اﻟﺒﺪوﯾّﺔ اﻟﺘ ِ ﻗﺪ ِ ّ ﺑﻌﺾ ّ ُ ﺗ/ .اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪﺗﮫ اﺑﻨﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻌﻮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﺎرﯾﺒﻲ ﺑﺎﻛﻮرةَ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻢ ﻘﺪم ُ ِ ِ ًﺗﻜﺮﯾﻢ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧﺎ ّ / .ﺗﻌﺒﯿﺮا ﻟﮭﺎ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﺮﻓﺎن ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻤﯿﻞ إن اﻷرض اﻷم ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎﻛﮭﺔ إﻟﻰ ً َ ِ ّ / .اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ّ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻤﯿﻞ ﻷوﻟﺌﻚ اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ٌ واﺟﺐ إن اﻟﻌﺮﻓﺎن ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻤﯿﻞ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ أﺟﻞ ّ ِ ِ ﻛﺮﺳﻮا ﺣﯿﺎﺗﮭﻢ ﻣﻦ .ﺗﺠﺎه اﻵﺧﺮﯾﻦ The Bedouin woman served dates and coffee for the member of the parliament in a sign of gratitude for helping her son to fnd a job./Some people in the Caribbean express their gratitude to Mother Earth by offering frst fruits to her./Honouring the scientists is an expression of gratitude to those who have dedicated their lives to scientifc research./Gratitude is a duty toward others. َﻋﱠﺰ َﻋﻠَ ْﯿِﮫ Not have the heart to do something; to feel hurt and saddened; to feel helpless and anguished; to be too much to bear. 126 ﺣﺮف اﻟﻌﯿﻦ ّ ﻟﻘﺪ/ .ﻋﻠﻲ أن أراك ﻓﻲ ھﺬه اﻟﺤﺎل ّ َﯾ ﯾﻀﺎ دون أن ﻋﺰ ﻌﺰ ً ﻋﻠﯿﮫ أن ﯾﺮى ﺻﺪﯾﻘَﮫُ ﻣﺮ ّ ِ ّ ّ ﻋﻠﻲ أن أرى اﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﻣﺘﻮّﺟﮭًﺎ ﻧﺤﻮ ا ّ / .ﯾﺘﻤﻜَﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻘﺪﯾﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻟﮫ ﻟﻘﺪ/ .ﻟﺸﻤﻮﻟﯿّﺔ ﯾﻌﺰ ّ ّ ﻟﻘﺪ/ .ﺣﯿﺪا ّ ُﻋﺰ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ أن ﺗ ُ ك أﺑﺎهُ ﯾﻤﻮ ً تو ّ ﺟﻞ ﻟﻄﺎﻟﻤﺎ ﻀﻄﺮ ﻋﺰ َ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ َ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ أن ﯾﺘﺮ ِ ٍ ﻋﻨﺪ ر ِ . ُا ﺣﺘﻘﺮ ﺗﮫ I do not have the heart to see you in this condition./It hurt him to see his friend sick without being able to help./It saddens me to see the country going in the direction of totalitarianism./He felt helpless and anguished about leaving his father to die alone./For her, it was too much to bear the humiliation of being forced to work for a man she has always despised. ﺾ أَﺻﺎﺑَِﻊ اﻟﻨﱠ َﺪِم َﻋ ﱠ To regret sorely or bitterly; to rue the day. ّ ّ ﱡ ﻮن أﺻﺎﺑﻊ اﻟﻨّﺪم / .واﻟﻀﻌﯿﻔﺔ أﺻﺎﺑﻊ اﻟﻨّﺪم ﻷﻧّﻨﺎ اﻧﺘﺨﺒﻨﺎ ھﺬه اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻔﺎﺳﺪة ﻧﻌﺾ إﻧّﻨﺎ َ ﺳﺘﻌﻀ َ ّ ّ ّﯾﺘﻢ اﻟﺘ ﻋﺾ أﺻﺎﺑﻊ اﻟﻨّﺪم ﻟﻮاﻟﺪﺗﮫ أﻧّﮫ ﻟﻘﺪ أوﺿﺢ/ .ﻟﺘﺪارك اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ ﺤﺮك ﻋﻠﻰ ّ إن ﻟﻢ،ﺗﻘﺎﻋﺴﻜﻢ ِ ِ ِ .ﻋﻤِﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ زواﺟﮫ ﻣﻦ اﺑﻨﺔ ﱢ We voted for this corrupt and weak government, and we sorely regret it./You will sorely regret your inaction if you do not act to rectify the situation./He explained to his mother that he bitterly regretted marrying his cousin. َﻋﻔّ ٰﻰ َﻋﻠَ ْﯿِﮫ ﱠ اﻟﺰَﻣُﻦ To be/become obsolete, outdated, anachronistic, or old-fashioned. ّ ﻓﺒﻌﻀﮭﺎ ﺳﯿُﻜﺘَﺐ ﻟﮫ اﻟﺒﻘﺎء وﺑﻌﻀﮭﺎ ﺳﯿﻌﻔّﻲ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ،ﺤﻒ ﻓﻲ ﻗﯿﻤﺘﮭﺎ ُ ُ اﻟﺼ ّ ﺗﺘﻔﺎوت أدت/ .اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ّ أﺳﺎﻟﯿﺐ اﻹدارة اﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﻔّﻰ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ اﻟﻤﺴﺆول أﺑﻠﻎ/ .ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻨّﺴﯿﺞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻼد اﻧﮭﯿﺎر اﻟﺰﻣﻦ إﻟﻰ ُ ُ ِ ِ ّ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﻟﺤﺔ اﻟﻮطﻨﯿّﺔ ﻗﺪ ﻋﻔّﻰ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ّ َاﻟﺼﺤﯿﻔﺔ ّ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﻲ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ وﻻ ﺗﺼﻠﺢ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎخ أن ﻣﺒﺎدرة ّ ِ ّ .اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﯿﺎﺳﻲ ّ ّ اﻟﺴ Newspapers vary in their value, so some will survive, and some will become obsolete./The old-fashioned management techniques have resulted in the collapse of the textile industry in the country./The government offcial told the newspaper that the national reconciliation initiative is outdated and will not function in today’s political climate. 127 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases اﻟﻌْﺰَم َﻋﻠﻰ َ َﻋﻘَ َﺪ To be frmly determined and resolved to do something; to set on doing something. / .ﻟﻠﻘﻀﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﺮﯾﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﺻﻤﺔ اﻟﺒﻼد ﺑﻜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﯾﻠﺰم ﻋﻘﺪت اﻟﻮزارةُ اﻟﻌﺰم ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﯿﺎم ﱢ ِ ِ ّ ﻋﻘﺪت اﻟﻘﻨﺎةُ اﻟﺘّﻠﻔﺰﯾﻮﻧﯿّﺔ اﻟﻌﺰم ﻋﻠﻰ ّ ﯾﺒﺪو/ .اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﻓﻘﺪاﻧﮭﺎ رﺧﺼﺘﮭﺎ أن ﺑﺚ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ رﻏﻢ ِ ِ ّ أﺧﻲ ﻗﺪ ﻋﻘﺪ اﻟﻌﺰم ﻋﻠﻰ .اﻟﺰواج ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﺮأة The ministry is resolved to do whatever it takes to eliminate crime in the capital./The television channel is determined to broadcast the programme even though it might lose its license./My brother seems set on marrying that woman. َﻋﻘَ َﺪ ﻗِﺮاﻧَﮫُ ﻋﻠﻰ To tie the knot; to marry (marriage contract). ُﺗﺴﺘﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ ّ ﺑﻌﻘﺪ ﻗﺮان ﻟﻼﺣﺘﻔﺎل / .أﺧﯿﺮا ﺑﻌﺪ أن داﻣﺖ ﺧﻄﻮﺑﺘُﮭﻤﺎ ﻟﺴﻨﺘﯿﻦ ﻋﻘﺪا ﻗﺮاﻧﮭﻤﺎ ً ِ ِ ّ اﺑﻨﮭﺎ ّ ﻟﺘﻘﺎﻟﯿﺪ ّ ﻟﻢ ﯾﻌﻘﺪ/ .ﺎب ﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﺎء اﻟﺨﻤﯿﺲ ّ اﻟﺰواج ّ اﻟﺸ ﺎﺋﺪة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺰوﺟﺎن ﻗﺮاﻧﮭﻤﺎ وﻓﻘًﺎ ِ اﻟﺴ ِ .ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌﮭﻤﺎ ِ After being engaged for two years, the couple has fnally tied the knot./The family is preparing to celebrate the marriage of their young son on Thursday night./The couple did not marry according to marriage customs in their society. ﺻْﻔَﻮ َ َﻋﱠﻜَﺮ To disturb; to mar; to disrupt; to bring down the mood; to kill someone’s good spirit. ّ وزراء اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﯿّﺔ ﻋﻦ أﻣﻠﮭﻢ ﻓﻲ أن ﻻ ﯾ ّ ﺻﻔﻮ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ ﱡ أﻋﺮب ﻋﺪواﻧﻲ ﻋﻤﻞ أي اﻟﺴﻼم ُﻌﻜَﺮ ُ ّ ّ ٍ َ ُاﻷﻋﻤﺎل اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﯿﺔ ّ ُ ﺗ/ .إﺟﺎزﺗﮫ اﻟﺘﻲ طﺎل اﻧﺘﻈﺎرھﺎ ّ ﻟﻘﺪ/ .ﻣﺘﻌﻤﺪ ّ اﻟﻄﻘﺲ ﺻﻔﻮ اﻟﺴﻲء ﻌﻜﺮ ﻋﻜﺮ ُ ُ ّ ِ َ .اﻟﻤﻜﺎن اﻟﮭﺎدئ واﻟﺠﻤﯿﻞ ﺻﻔﻮ ھﺬا ِ The foreign ministers expressed their wishes that world peace will not be disturbed by any deliberate act of aggression./His long-waited vacation was marred by bad weather./The construction works are disrupting the serenity of this quiet, beautiful place. 128 ﺣﺮف اﻟﻌﯿﻦ ٌﻓﺎرﻗَﺔ ِ ٌﻼﻣﺔ َ َﻋ A landmark; a mark of; a milestone; to be remarkable. ُﻛﺎن اﻟﮭﺒﻮط ُ ﺗُﻤﺜّﻞ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ/ .اﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎف اﻟﻔﻀﺎء اﻷول ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻘﻤﺮ ﻋﻼﻣﺔً ﻓﺎرﻗﺔً ﻓﻲ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ُ ِ ًاﻟﻘﺮوﯾﯿﻦ ﻋﻼﻣﺔً ﻓﺎرﻗﺔ ّ ﯾ/ .اﻟﻤﯿﻼدي ّ ﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ ﻓﺎس اﻟﻤﻐﺮﺑﯿّﺔ ﻣﻨﺬ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﺘّﺎﺳﻊ ُﻌﺪ ﺑﺮوﺗﻮﻛﻮل ِ ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺧﻲ ﻋﻼﻣﺔً ﻓﺎرﻗﺔً ﻓﻲ ﻛﯿﻮﺗﻮ اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻖ ﺑﺎﺗﻔﺎﻗﯿﺔ اﻷﻣﻢ اﻟﻤﺘّﺤﺪة اﻹطﺎرﯾّﺔ ﺑﺸﺄن اﻟﺘﻐﯿّﺮ ّ ِ ّ .اﻟﺤﺮاري اﻻﺣﺘﺒﺎس ِ The frst moon landing was a landmark in the history of space exploration./ The old university of al-Qarawiyyin has been a landmark of Fes in Morocco since the 800s./“The Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change” is a milestone in combating global warming. ﻖ آﻣﺎﻟَﮫُ َﻋﻠﻰ َ َﻋﻠﱠ To pin one’s hopes on someone or something. ُ ﻟﻢ ّ ﯾﻜﻦ ﯾﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﺸﮭﺎدﺗﮫ اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﯿّﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﻠّﻖ اﻻﻋﺘﺮاف رﻓﻀﺖ ﺳﻠﻄﺎت اﻟﺘّﻌﻠﯿﻢ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻠﺪه ﺑﺄن َ ِ ِ ِ ّ ﻟﻘﺪ أدرﻛﻮا/ .آﻣﺎﻟﮫ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ / .ﻋﺪﯾﻢ اﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪة ﻧﻈﺎم أن ﻧﻈﺎم اﻹﻧﺬار اﻟﺬي ﻋﻠّﻘﻮا ﻋﻠﯿﮫ اﻵﻣﺎل ھﻮ ٌ ُ ّ آﻣﺎﻻ ﻛﺒﯿﺮةً ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ً ﻖ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺎت .اﻟﺸﻤﺴﯿّﺔ ﻻﺑﺪ أن ﺗﻮاﺟﮫ اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ اﻟﻤﺜﯿﺮ ﻟﻠﻘﻠﻖ َ ّﻗﺒﻞ أن ﺗﻌﻠ He was unaware that his country’s higher education authorities have refused to recognise his university degree, on which he had pinned his hopes./They realised that the alarm system they pinned their hopes on turned out to be worthless./Before governments pin big hopes on solar energy, they must face the disturbing reality. أَ ْوﻟﻰ أَ َھ ِ ّﻤﯿﱠﺔً َﻋﻠﻰ/ ﻖ َ َﻋﻠﱠ To attach importance to someone or something. ُﻖ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ّ ّ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻌﻠّﻖ اﻟﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ أھﻤﯿّﺔً ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺔ ُ ّ ﺗﻌﻠ/ .ﻣﺴﻦ وﻟﺪﯾﮫ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺻﺤﯿّﺔ أن اﻟﻤﺘّﮭﻢ ُ ﻛﺒﯿﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ أھﻤﯿﺔ ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻖ ﺗﻢ اﻹﻗﻠﯿﻤﻲ ﻓﻲ أھﻤﯿّﺔً ﻛﺒﯿﺮةً ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻌﺎون ٍ ٍ ّ / .ﻣﻮاﺟﮭﺔ اﻹرھﺎب ّ ِ ّ اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿّﺔ واﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﯾّﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ .اﻟﺼّﺤﺔ The court did not attach any importance to the fact that the accused was old and had health diffculties./The government attaches great importance to the 129 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases regional cooperation against terrorism./Great importance has been attached to the impact of socio-economic factors on health. ﺪﯾﺮ ْ َ أ/ ﺴِﻦ َ َﻋﻠﻰ أَ ْﺣ ٍ ﺳَﻮأ ﺗ َْﻘ At best; at worst. ّ ً ُ أﺳﻮاق ﺗﺘﻤﻜَﻦ ﻟﻦ/ .أﺣﺴﻦ ﺗﻘﺪﯾﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ،ﺟﺎھﺰا ﺣﺘﻰ اﻟﻌﺎم اﻟﻤﻘﺒﻞ ﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﻌﻘﺎر اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪ ﻟﻦ َ ِ ُ ُ ﯾ،أﺣﺴﻦ ﺗﻘﺪﯾﺮ ﻤﻜﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ/ .أﺣﺴﻦ ﺗﻘﺪﯾﺮ اﻻﻧﺘﻌﺎش ﺣﺘﻰ اﻟﻌﺎم اﻟﻤﻘﺒﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﻮرﺻﺔ ﻣﻦ ِ ِ ِ ٌ أﺑﯿﻊ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ وأﺟﺪ وﻋﻠﻰ أﺳﻮأ ﺗﻘﺪﯾﺮ ﺳﯿﻜﻮن/ .وﺳﻄﺤﻲ ھﺰﯾﻞ وﺻﻒ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﮫ ﺑﺄﻧّﮫ َ ﻋﻠﻲ أن ّ ّ ً .ﻋﻤﻼ The new drug will not be ready until the end of next year at best./The stock markets will not recover until next year at best./His article can be described at best as being superfcial and meagre./At worst, I will have to sell the business and fnd a job. َﻋﻠﻰ ﱢ ﻼع ٍ اط To be well-informed; to be aware or knowledgeable; to be kept in the loop. ّ ﻣﺼﺪر ﻋﻠﻰ اطﻼع ﻗﻮﻟﮫ ّ وﻧﻘﻠﺖ ﯾﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ/ .إن اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔَ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﻓّ ِﺔ اﻻﻧﮭﯿﺎر اﻟﺼﺤﯿﻔﺔُ ﻋﻦ ِ ٍ ّ ّ طﺮ ا ّ ا / .ﺑﺸﻜﻞ واﺿﺢ ﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ و ت اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿّﺔ أن َ ِ ﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎ ٍ ِ ﻼع ﺑﻤﺨﺎ ٍ ﺗﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﺰﯾﺪ ﻹﺑﻘﺎء اﻟﻨﺎس ﻋﻠﻰ اط ّ اطﻼع ﻋﻠﻰ اﻵﺛﺎر اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﯿّﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﺴﺒّﺐ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ اﻷدوﯾﺔُ اﻟﺘﻲ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮﺿﻰ ﻟﯿﺴﻮا ﻋﻠﻰ إن َ ٍ .ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮﻧﮭﺎ The newspaper quoted a well-informed source saying the government is on the brink of collapse./The local authorities should do more to keep the public informed about safety risks in a clear manner./Many patients are not aware of the side effects of the medicines they use. أَ ْﻛَﻤِﻞ َوْﺟٍﮫ/ ﺴِﻦ َ أَ ْﺣ/ ﻀِﻞ َ ﻋﻠﻰ أَ ْﻓ In the best possible way or manner. ّ ﺎل أن ﯾﺆدوا ﻋﻤﻠﮭﻢ ﺻﺮف اﻟﻤﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ ﯾﺤﺮص ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ أن ﯾﺠﺐ ُ اﻟﻌﻤ ُ َ ّ ﯾُﺤﺎول/ .أﺣﺴﻦ وﺟﮫ ِ ِ ِ .أﻓﻀﻞ وﺟﮫ اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻞ / .أﻓﻀﻞ وﺟﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ ُ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔُ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﯿّﺔُ ﺟﺎھﺪةً ﻋﻠﻰ ﱢ ِ ِ ِ 130 ﺣﺮف اﻟﻌﯿﻦ He must be sure to spend the money in the best possible way./The workers are trying to do their job in the best possible way./The government agency is working hard to solve the problem in the best possible way. ﻤﺎم ٍ َﻋﻠﻰ إِْﻟ To be familiar with; to have suffcient or enough knowledge about something. ّ ّ ﺧﺒﯿﺮا إﻧّﮫ ﻟﯿﺲ/ .وﻣﻀﺎرھﺎ إﻟﻤﺎم ﺑﻔﻮاﺋﺪ اﻷﻋﺸﺎب اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﺒﯿﻌﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﻠّ ِﮫ ﺎر ﻋﻠﻰ ً َ ّإن اﻟﻌﻄ ٍ ّ أداء ﻟﺪﯾﮫ ﺑﻌﺾ/ .اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ إﻟﻤﺎم ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع ﻛﻲ ﯾﻌﻄﻲ ّ ﺗﻘﯿﯿﻤﺎ ِ أوﻟﯿًّﺎ ﻣﻮﺛﻮﻗًﺎ ﺑﮫ ﻋﻦ ٍ وﻟﻜﻨّﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ ً .ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻌﻮد ﻓﻲ ﺑﻐﺪاد اﻹﻟﻤﺎم ﺑﺘﺎرﯾﺦ ِ ِ The herbalist is familiar with the benefts and the harms of the herbs he sells in his store./He is not an expert, but he has enough knowledge to provide a reliable preliminary review of the company’s performance./He has some familiarity with the history of Oud making in Baghdad. ﺪاد ْ َﻋﻠﻰ أُ ْھﺒَ ِﺔ ِ اﻻﺳﺘِ ْﻌ To be on standby; to be on alert and ready; to be ready on hand. ّ ّﺗﻘﻒ ﻓﺮﻗﺔُ اﻹطﻔﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ أھﺒﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﻌﺪاد ﻟﻠﺘ ّ / .أي طﺎرئ ُ ّ ّ ﺪﺧﻞ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺣﺼﻮل اﻟﺼﻮارﯾﺦ إن ّ / . ﺳﺎﻋﺔ24 ﯾﺘﻢ إطﻼﻗﮭﺎ ﺧﻼل ّ اﻟﻘﺒﯿﻠﺔ ﻧﺴﺎء إن اﻷرﺿﯿّﺔ ّ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﮭﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أھﺒﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﻌﺪاد ﻛﻲ ِ َ .ﻋﻠﻰ أھﺒﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﻌﺪاد ﻹﻋﺪاد اﻟﻄﻌﺎم ﻟﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﺿﯿﻒ The fre brigade is ready to intervene in all kinds of emergencies./The landbased missiles are on alert and ready to be launched within 24 hours./The women of the tribe are on standby to cook food for 100 guests. َﻋْﻦ ﺑَ ْﻜَﺮِة أَﺑﯿﮭﺎ/ َﻋﻠﻰ The entire, the whole; all together; to the ground. ُ ُ اﻟﺴّﻜ ّ ﺧﺮج اﻟﻐﺎﺑﺎت ﺣﺮاﺋﻖ َدّﻣﺮت/ .دﺧﻮﻟﮫ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ ﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻜﺮة أﺑﯿﮭﻢ ﻟﻠﺘّﺮﺣﯿﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﺰﻋﯿﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ ِ ِ ّ ﺳﯿﻘﻒ ّ ﻌﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻜﺮة أﺑﯿﮫ ُ ودّﻣﺮ / .اﻟﺒﻠﺪةَ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻜﺮة أﺑﯿﮭﺎ ُ اﻟﺸ َ / .ﺿﺪ ھﺬا اﻻﺣﺘﻼل اﻟﻐﺎﺷﻢ ّ .ﻟﺰال اﻟﻘﺮﯾﺔَ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻜﺮة أﺑﯿﮭﺎ ُ اﻟﺰ 131 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases When the leader entered the city, the entire population poured out to greet him./ The wildfres destroyed the whole town./The whole people will stand against this brutal occupation./The village was razed to the ground by an earthquake. َﻋﻠﻰ ﺑَﯿﱢﻨٍَﺔ To be sure of something; to know for sure; to be fully aware. ُ ّﺻﺤِﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﺠﻤﻌﮭﺎ ﻣﻨﻈ ّ ﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ّ ﻣﻦ ﻤﺎت اﻟﺼﻌﺐ أن َ ٍ ّﻧﻜﻮن ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﯿ ّ / .اﻟﻤﺪﻧﻲ ُ / .ﺗﻮن ﻟﺼﺎﻟﺤﮫ ﯾﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻤﻦ ﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ أﻣﺮھﻢ ﻓﯿﻤﺎ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ َ ﺳﯿﺼﻮ ّ ٍ ّﺎس ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﯿ َ ّإن اﻟﻨ ّ .ﮭﻤﺖ اﻟﺸﺮطﺔُ ﺑﺄﻧّﮭﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﯿّﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼت وﻟﻜﻨّﮭﺎ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻔﻌﻞ ﺷﯿﺌًﺎ ﻟﺘﻔﺎدﯾﮭﺎ ِ وﻗﺪ ﱡاﺗ It is diffcult to be sure of the accuracy of the statistical data gathered by NGOs./People know for sure whom they are going to cast their vote for./The police were accused of being fully aware of the scale of the problems but doing nothing to avoid it. َﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﱠﻮازي In parallel; parallelly. ْ ُ ﻋﻤﻠﺖ وﻛ ﯾﺠﺐ إﺟﺮاء اﻟﻤﻔﺎوﺿﺎت / .ﺗﻨﺴﯿﻖ ﻓﯿﻤﺎ ﺑﯿﻨﮭﺎ ت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘّﻮازي دوﻧﻤﺎ ُ ِ ﺎﻻت اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺒﺎرا ٍ ﯾﺘﻢ وﺿﻌﮭﻤﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﺘّﻨﻔﯿﺬ ﻋﻠﻰ ّ وأن،ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ وﻗﻒ إطﻼق اﻟﻨّﺎر واﻟﻼﺟﺌﯿﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺘّﻮازي ّ ﺻﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘّﻮازي ّ ﻓﻲ اّﻟﺪواﺋﺮ اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿّﺔ اﻟﻤﻮ/.اﻟﺘّﻮاﻟﻲ .ﺋﻲ ﻓﻲ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎر ّ ﯾﻤﺮ اﻟﺘّﯿﺎر اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎ The intelligence agencies worked in parallel without coordination./Ceasefre and refugees must be negotiated in parallel and must be put into effect, respectively./In a parallel circuit, the current fows through more than one path. َﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﱠﻮاﻟﻲ Respectively; consecutively; in a row; series (electricity). اﻷوروﺑﻲ ﯾﻘﻮم اﻻﺗّﺤﺎد ﺳﯿﺘﻢ ّ ّ ُ ” / .ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ورش اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘّﻮاﻟﻲ ﻻﺳﺘﻐﻼل اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺑﻜﻔﺎءة ُ ُ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮﻓﻖ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ17 و16 اﻹﺟﺮاءات اﻟﻤﺒﯿّﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻨﺪﯾﻦ واﻟﻮﻻﯾﺎت اﻟﻤﺘّﺤﺪة ﺑﺎﺗّﺨﺎذ ِ ّ “ ﻣﺠﻠﺲ اﻷﻣﻦ.ﻣﺠﻠﺲ اﻷﻣﻦ ﻓﻲ/ .(2015) 2231 اﻟﻘﺮار،وﻟﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘّﻮاﻟﻲ ووﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻘﺮار ّ اﻟﺪ ِ ّ ّ اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘّﻮاﻟﻲ ّ .واﺣﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﺴﺎر اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﻓﻲ ﯾﻤﺮ اﻟﺘّﯿّﺎر اﻟﺪواﺋﺮ اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿّﺔ ٍ ّ ٍ 132 ﺣﺮف اﻟﻌﯿﻦ The workshops will be organised consecutively to make effcient use of time./“The EU and the United States take the actions described in sections 16 and 17 of Annex V respectively and in accordance with the UN Security Council resolution.” UN Security Council Resolution 2231 (2015)./In a series circuit, the current fows through only one path. اﻟﺴْﺮَﻋِﺔ َوْﺟِﮫ ﱡ/ ﻨﺎح ِ َﻋﻠﻰ َﺟ To be rushed to; with the utmost speed; urgently; at once; quickly; rapidly; as soon as possible. ّ ﻛﺒﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄّّﻼب إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻨﺎح ا / .ﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻌﺎطﯿﮭﻢ ﻋﻘﺎﻗﯿﺮ ﻣﮭﻠﻮﺳﺔ ﺪد ُ ﺗﻢ ٍ ﻧﻘﻞ ﻋ ّ ٍ ُ ّ رﺳﻤﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻨﺎح ّ إﻧّﻨﺎ ﻧﺪﻋﻮ طﻠﺒﺖ اﻟﻤﯿﻠﯿﺸﯿﺎت ﻣﻦ / .اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺑﺘﺤﻘﯿﻖ اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎت إﻟﻰ اﻟﺒﺪء ِ ﱟ ٍ ّ إﺧﻼء ﻣﻨﺎزﻟﮭﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻨﺎح ّ .اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺴّﻜﺎن َ Many students were rushed to the hospital after taking hallucinogenic drugs./ We urge the authorities to launch an offcial investigation with the utmost speed./The militias told the residents to evacuate their homes at once. ﻋﻠﻰ َﺣﱢﺪ ِﻋْﻠِﻤِﮫ As far as one knows; to one’s knowledge; for all one knows. ّ ﻋﻠﻰ/ .ﺈن ﻏﺮﻓﺔ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎت ﻟﯿﺴﺖ ﺟﺎھﺰة ﺑﻌﺪ ّ ﻓ،ﺣﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ّ ﻋﻠﻰ ھﺬه ھﻲ،ﺣﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﻨﺎ ّ ﻋﻠﻰ/ .ﻮﻋﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ ھﺬا اﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺎن ِ اّﻟﺪراﺳﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻧ ِ رﺑﻤﺎ ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪُم اﻻﺛﻨ،ﺣﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ .اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ﻧﻔﺴﮫ As far as I know, the meeting room is not ready yet./To our knowledge, this is the frst study of its kind in this feld./For all I know, they both could be using the same source. ﻋﻠﻰ َﺣﱢﺪ ﻗَ ْﻮﻟِِﮫ According to what someone said or stated; in someone’s words; quoting someone’s words; according to someone’s quotes. ّ وﻋﻠﻰ ّ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻧﻮاﯾﺎهُ ﻣ،ﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ّ ّﺣﺪ ﻗﻮل اﻟﻠ ﻮﺟﮭﺔ ﻧﺤﻮ إﻋﺎدة ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ِ ﺺ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎ ّ ﺎل ا طﺔ ﺑﺄﻧّﮭﺎ ﺳﻤﻌﺖ َ وﻛﺎﻧﺖ إﺣﺪى اﻟﺠﺎرات ﻗﺪ أﺧﺒﺮت رﺟ/ .اﻟﺜّﺮوات ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻔﻘﺮاء ِ ﻟﺸﺮ 133 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases ٌ ّإﻻ أﻧّﮭﺎ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻔﻌﻞ ﺷﯿﺌًﺎ ﻷﻧّﮫ ”ﺣ،ﻟﺸﻘّﺔ ّ ﺮاﺧﺎ ﻓﻲ ا ً ﺻ ﻣﻲ“ ﻋﻠﻰ ﱢ ﺳﯿﻜﻮن/ .ﺣﺪ ﻗﻮﻟﮭﺎ ّ ﺪث ﯾﻮ ً ﺻﻌﺒﺔ ﺋﯿﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﮫ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺮارات ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺲ اﺗﺨﺎذ ﻗ ٍ ٍ ِ ﺟﺪا ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪ ﻗﻮل اﻟﺮ .ﻋﻲ ّ اﻟﺘّﻮاﺻﻞ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎ According to what the thief said in the courtroom, his intentions were directed at redistributing the wealth among the poor./One of the neighbours had told the police that she heard screaming at the fat, but she did nothing because it was a “daily event”, she said./The council has very diffcult decisions to make according to the president’s quotes on his social media account. ﺣﯿﻦ َﻏﱠﺮٍة ِ َﻋﻠﻰ To be taken by surprise; to be caught off one’s guard; all at once; out of the blue. ّ اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺳﺎت ﻓﻲ ّ ﺻﻨّﺎع ّ أﺧﺬت اﻟﻌﺎﻟَ َﻢ ﻛﻠّﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﯿﻦ وﻋﻠﻰ/ .ﻛﻞ ﻣﻜﺎن اﻷزﻣﺔُ اﻟﺘﻲ ُ ﻏﺮة أرﺑﻜﺖ ِ ّ ﺬﻣﺮ ّ ﺬت اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔُ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﯿﻦ ّ ﺣﯿﻦ ﻌﺒﻲ ﻏﺮة ھﺎﺟﻢ ُ ّ اﻟﻘﺮش ّ اﻟﺸ ّ ّﻏﺮة ﺑﺸﺪة اﻟﺘ ِ أُ ِﺧ/ .ﻏﻮاص اﻟﻠﺆﻟﺆ ّ .ﺿﺪ ﺗﺪاﺑﯿﺮھﺎ اﻟﺘّﻘﺸﻔﯿّﺔ The crisis that took the whole world by surprise confused the policymakers everywhere./And suddenly, the shark attacked the pearl diver./The government was taken unawares by the intensity of popular resentment against its austerity measures. ﺣﯿﻦ َﻏْﻔﻠَ ٍﺔ ِ َﻋﻠﻰ To be caught unawares; to be caught off one’s guard. “ )ﺳﻮرة اﻟﻘﺼﺺ.ﺟﻠﯿﻦ ﯾﻘﺘﺘﻼن ﺣﯿﻦ ”ودﺧَﻞ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔَ ﻋﻠﻰ َ ﻏﻔﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ أھﻠِﮭﺎ ﻓﻮ ٍ ِ ﺟﺪ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ ر ِ ّ ﻏﻔﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﻀﻮر ا أﺧﺬ ﻋﻠﻰ وﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﯿﻦ/ .(15 اﻵﯾﺔ ً ﻧﺴﻞ ﺑﮭﺪوء ﺧ ٍ ِ وﻗﺪ/ .ﺎرﺟﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺔ ٌ ﺣﯿﻦ ﻏﻔﻠﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ اﻗﺘﺤﻢ رﺟ .ﺳﻤﻲ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﮫ ﺎل ﺑ ﱟ ّ ﺰي ر As he enters the city while the people are unaware, he fnds two men fghting [Quran 28:15]./He passed unperceived and slipped quietly out of the hall./He was caught totally off guard when men in uniform stormed his place. 134 ﺣﺮف اﻟﻌﯿﻦ اﻟﺴَﻌِﺔ ﺐ َو ﱠ َﻋﻠﻰ ﱠ اﻟﺮْﺣ ِ You are most welcome; by all means. ٌ ّ ﻟﻄﻒ ﻛﺒﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻀﺮﺗﻚ“ – ”ﻋﻠﻰ ّ واﻟﺴﻌﺔ! ﯾُﺴﻌﺪﻧﻲ أﻧّﮫ ﺣﺐ – ”أﻟﻒ ﺷﻜﺮ ﻟﻚ ،ھﺬا اﻟﺮ ِ ّ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎدة ﻣﻦ ھﺬه ﯾﺮﻏﺒﻮن اﻟﻀﯿﻮف أﻗﺪم ﻟﻚ ﯾﺪ اﻟﻌﻮن / “.وإذا ﻛﺎن َ ِ ﻛﺎن ﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎﻧﻲ أن َ ّ اﻟﻤﺮاﻓﻖ ﻓﺒﺈﻣﻜﺎﻧﮭﻢ اﻟﻘﯿﺎم ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ّ ﻠﻘﻲ ﻧﻈﺮةً ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺐ اﻟﺮ ِ واﻟﺴﻌﺔˮ– / .ھﻞ ﯾُﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ أن ﻧﺄﺗﻲ ﻟﻨُ َ ّ اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ؟“ – ”ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺄﻛﯿﺪ ،ﻋﻠﻰ ّ واﻟﺴﻌﺔ“. ﺣﺐ اﻟﺮ ِ – “Thanks very much. That’s very kind of you.” – “You are most welcome. I am glad to have been of some help.”/If the guests want to make use of these facilities, they are most welcome./– “Can we come and have a look at the ”premises?” – “Sure, by all means. اﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ َ ﺒﯿﻞ ِ ﺳ ِ For example. ّ ﯾﺘﺠﺎھﻞ اﻟﺘّﻜﺎﻟﯿﻒ ﯾﺮﺳﻢ ﺻﻮرةً ﻣﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔً ﻋﻦ اﻟﻮﺿﻊ ،ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل ھﻮ ﻘﺮﯾﺮ ﻻ ُ إن اﻟﺘّ َ ُ ﺑﺘﻠﻮث اﻟﮭﻮاء وﺿﺠﯿﺞ ّ ﺴﺎء ﻣﻦ اﻟﻈّﻠﻢ ﻓﻲ أﻧﺤﺎء اﻟﺴﯿّﺎرات / .ﻟﻄﺎﻟﻤﺎ اﻟﺨﻔﯿّﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠّﻘﺔ ّ ﻋﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻨّ ُ ِ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺎﻟَﻢ ،ﻓﺒﻌﺾ اﻟﺒُﻠﺪان ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﻟﻢ ُ ﺗﻘﻮم ﺑﺈﺟﺮاء ﻟﻠﻤﺮأة أن ﺗﻜﻦ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ِ َ ﻋﻘﻮد ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﯿّﺔ. ٍ The report does not draw up a complete picture of the situation; for example, it ignores the hidden costs related to air pollution and car noise./Women have always suffered from injustice throughout many parts of the world; in some countries, for example, it was illegal for women to sign legal contracts. ﺳِﺠﯿﱠﺘِِﮫ َﻋﻠﻰ َ ;In one’s natural impulse; to be one’s self; on one’s naturalness spontaneously. ﯾﺘﻢ ّ اﻟﺴﻤﺎح ﻟﻸطﻔﺎل أن ﯾﻜﻮﻧﻮا ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺠﯿّﺘﮭﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺪارس/ . ﺗﻈﮭﺮ ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺘﮫُ ُ ﯾﻨﺒﻐﻲ أن ّ ﯾﺘﺤﺪ ُ ّ ﯾﺠﻮل ﯾﻘﻮل ﻣﺎ داﺋﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺠﯿّﺘﮫ، اﻟﺤﻘﯿﻘﯿّﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ُ ُ ث ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺠﯿّﺘﮫ / .ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎن -رﺣﻤﮫ ﷲً - ﻣﺸﺎﻋﺮ اﻵﺧﺮﯾﻦ. ﻓﻲ ﺧﺎطﺮه دون أن ﯾﺆذي َ 135 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases Children should be allowed to follow their natural impulse in schools./His real personality shows up when he speaks spontaneously./He was always himself, speaking his mind without hurting the feelings of others. May God bless his soul. اﻟﮭﺎوﯾَ ِﺔ ﻔﯿﺮ َ َﻋﻠﻰ ِ ِ ﺷ The verge of collapse or abyss; the brink of the abyss; the edge of the cliff. ّ / .واﺿﻄﺮاﺑﺎت اﻟﻨّﻘﻞ اﻧﺨﻔﺎض اﻟﻄّﻠﺐ ﺗﺘﺄرﺟﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻔﯿﺮ اﻟﮭﺎوﯾﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ إن ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔَ اﻷﻟﺒﺎن ُ ِ ِ ّ أﺻﺒﺤﺖ أﻏﻠﺒﯿﺔُ اﻟﺒﻨﻮك ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻔﯿﺮ اﻟﮭﺎوﯾﺔ/ .ﺳﺘﻀﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻔﯿﺮ اﻟﮭﺎوﯾﺔ إن ﺣﻠﻘﺔَ اﻟﻌﻨﻒ ُ .اﻷزﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﯿّﺔ أﺛﻨﺎء ِ َ The dairy industry is teetering on the verge of the abyss due to decreased demand and transport disruptions./The circle of violence will bring the country to the brink of the abyss./During the fnancial crisis, the majority of banks were on the verge of collapse. ََﻋﻠﻰ طََﺮﻓَ ْﻲ ﻧ ﻘﯿﺾ ٍ To have the opposite position; to be polarised; to be diametrically opposed; to be at odds with each other. ُ / .اﻟﻤﮭﻤﺔ اﻷﺣﺰاب ﺗﻘﻒ ﻋﺪد ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺋﻞ ُ ٍ ﺪان ﻧﻔﺴﯿﮭﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ طﺮﻓﻲ ﻧﻘﯿﺾ ﻓﻲ ّ ِ َﻏﺎﻟﺒًﺎ ﻣﺎ ﯾﺠﺪ اﻟﺒﻠ ّ إن ّ / .ﯾﺨﺺ ﻣﻮاﻗﻔﮭﺎ ﺗﺠﺎه ﻗﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﺨﻤﻮر ّ ﺳﻜﺎن اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﻧﯿّﺔ واﻟﺪﯾﻨﯿّﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ طﺮﻓﻲ ﻧﻘﯿﺾ ﻓﯿﻤﺎ ّ / .ھﺬه اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ طﺮﻓﻲ ﻧﻘﯿﺾ طﺎﺋﻔﯿًﺎ وﻋﺮﻗﯿًﺎ إن وﺟﮭﺎت ﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﻄّﻠﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ طﺮﻓﻲ ﻧﻘﯿﺾ ُ .ﯾﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻠّ ِﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺑُﻌﺪ ﻓﯿﻤﺎ The two countries often fnd themselves on opposite sides of issues of importance./The religious and secular parties have opposite positions on the Alcohol Law./The residents of this city are polarised on sectarian and ethnic lines./ The students hold diametrically opposed views on distance learning. َﻋﻠﻰ َﻋَﺠﻠَ ٍﺔ ِﻣْﻦ أَ ْﻣِﺮِه To be in a rush; in a hurry; to act in haste. ُﺪت اﻟﺮاﻗﺼﺔ ّ / . ﯾﻞ و ﻣﺘﻌﺐ ﻋﺠﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ أﻣﺮه ﻛﻲ ﻛﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ ٍ َ ِ أﻛ ٍ ﻮم طﻮ ٍ ﯾﺼﻞ ا ﻟﺒﯿﺖ ﺑﻌﺪ ﯾ ﺗﻔﻌﯿﻞ ﺣﺴﺎ ﺑﮭﺎ ا ﻟﻤﺨﺘﺮ ق ﻓﻲ و ﺳﺎ ﺋﻞ ا ﻟﺘّﻮاﺻﻞ ﺎدة أﻧّﮭﺎ ﻟﯿﺴﺖ ﻓﻲ ٍ ِ ﻋﺠﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ أ ﻣﺮ ھﺎ ﻹﻋ ِ 136 ﺣﺮف اﻟﻌﯿﻦ ﻋﺠﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ أ ﻣﺮ ھﻢ ﻛﻲ ﯾﻐﺎدروا ا ﻟﻤﺪ ﯾﻨﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ أن ﺗﺴﻮ َء إﻧّﮭﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ/ . ﻋﻲ ٍ ّ ا ﻻ ﺟﺘﻤﺎ . اﻷوﺿﺎع He was in a rush to get home after a long and tiring day./The belly dancer asserted that she is in no hurry to reactivate her hacked social media account./ They are in haste to leave the city before the situation gets worse. ﻋﻠﻰ ِﻋﻼّﺗِِﮫ For all its faults. ّ ﻋﻠﻰ/ .ﻣﮭﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ ّ ،ﻋﻼﺗﮭﺎ ّ ﻓﺈن ﺗﻌﻜﺲ ، ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻼّﺗﮭﺎ،ﻣﺴﻠﺴﻼت اﻟﺪراﻣﺎ إن ُ َ ّ ﺟﻮاﻧﺐ ِ ّ / .اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ،إن اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔَ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﯿّﺔ ﻣﺤﺘﺮﻣﺎ ﯾﻤﺜّﻞ اﻟﻌﺎﻟَ َﻢ اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺰال ﺻﻮﺗًﺎ ّ ً . ھﻲ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻮﺿﻰ،ﻋﻼّﺗﮭﺎ Soap operas, for all their faults, refect important aspects of reality./For all its faults, the Arab League is still a respected voice that represents the Arab World./The current government, for all its faults, is better than anarchy. ﺮار ِ َﻋﻠﻰ ِﻏ Like; similar to; in the manner of; after the pattern of. / .ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻨﻮات اﻟﻤﺎﺋﯿّﺔ واﻟﺠﺴﻮر ﻓﮭﻲ ﺗﻤﺘﻠﺊ،اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﺮار ﻣﺪﯾﻨﺔ أﻣﺴﺘﺮدام ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ ﺗﻢ ّ ِ ِ ُ ُ وﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﺮار ﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺜﻤﺮﯾﻦ اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﺗﻌﺎ ّ ﯾﻀﺎ ّ ﻣﻠﺖ ﻣﻌﮭﻢ ﻓ ُ أن ﺈن ھﺬا اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺜﻤﺮ ً ﯾﻌﺘﻘﺪ أ ﺮار اﻟﻤﻌﺎﯾﯿﺮ ِ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺘﺐ أﻋﻤﺎﻟَﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏ/ .اﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎَر ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻘﺎرات ھﻮ أﻓﻀﻞ أﻧﻮاع اﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎر .اﻷدﺑﯿّﺔ ﻷﺳﺘﺎذِه The city has been designed like Amsterdam; it is full of canals and bridges./ In the manner of all the investors I dealt with, this one believes real estate to be the best type of investment./He wrote his works after the pattern of his teacher’s literary standards. ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓِْﻜَﺮة Come to think of it; by the way. ّ ﻧﻠﺘﻖ ﻓﻲ وھﺮان ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ ا / .ﺑﺒﻌﻀﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ اّﻟﺪار اﻟﺒﯿﻀﺎء ﻟﺼﯿﻒ ﻟﺮﺑّﻤﺎ ﻛﻨﺎ اﻟﺘﻘﯿﻨﺎ ِ ِ وﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻜﺮة ﻟﻮ ﻟﻢ ً ﻣﻌﺠﺐ ٌ .ﺟﺪا ﺑﻌﻤﻠﻚ وﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻜﺮة ﻓﺄﻧﺎ/ .ﻟﺪﯾﮭﻢ ھﺬا اﻟﻔﺴﺘﺎن ﺑﺄﻟﻮان ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻜﺮة 137 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases Come to think of it, had we not met in Oran that summer, maybe we would have found each other in Casablanca./They have this dress in different colours, come to think of it./By the way, I am very impressed with your work. ﺮﯾﻖ ِ َﻋﻠﻰ ِ ﻗﺎرَﻋِﺔ اﻟﻄﱠ In the middle of the road; on the street; on the open road. ّ ّ ُاﺳﺘﻮﻗﻔﺖ اﻟﻤﺮأة ﺒﻲ إﻟﻰ اﻷﻣﺮ اﻧﺘﮭﻰ/ .ﻗﺎرﻋﺔ اﻟﻄّﺮﯾﻖ طﻠﺒًﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺴﯿّﺎرةَ ﻋﻠﻰ ُ ّ ﺑﺎﻟﺼ ِ ِ ّ ّ ّ ﯾﻜﺴﺒﻮن رزﻗﮭﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﺒﺦ إﻧﮭﻢ/ .ﻣﻨﺰﻟﮫ ﺗﻢ طﺮدهُ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﯿﺶ ﻋﻠﻰ َ ّ ﻗﺎرﻋﺔ اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻖ ﺑﻌﺪ أن ِ ِ ِ .ﻗﺎرﻋﺔ اﻟﻄّﺮﯾﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ِ A woman stopped the car in the middle of the road, asking for help./The boy ended up living on the street after being evicted from his home./They are making a living out of cooking on the open road. اﻟﻤﺴﺎواة ُ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗَ َﺪِم To be on an equal footing with someone or something; equally; to be on par with someone or something. ّ ّ ّ إن اﻟﺪاﻓﻊ اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺲ ﻟﻠﻌﺮض ھﻮ إﻧﺸﺎء ِﻣ ﻋﺮوﺿﮭﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪم اﻟﻤﺴﺎواة ﻣﻊ ﻨﺼٍﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻨﺎﻧﺎت ﻟﺘﻘﺪﯾﻢ ّ ّ ﻤﻮن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ ّ ﻧﻈﺮاﺋﮭﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺪم اﻟﻤﺴﺎواة َ ّ ﯾُﻄﺎﻟﺐ اﻟﻤﻌﻠ/ .اﻟﺮﺟﺎل ِ اﻟﺮﯾﻔﯿّﺔ ﺑﺄن ﯾُﻌﺎﻣﻠﻮا ﻋﻠﻰ ّ / .ﻣﻊ زﻣﻼﺋﮭﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﺻﻤﺔ ّ اﻟﺼّﺤّﻲ واﻟﺘّﻤﺎرﯾﻦ ّ إن اﻟﻐﺬاء اﻟﺮﯾﺎﺿﯿّﺔ ھﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪم اﻟﻤﺴﺎواة .ﻹﻧﻘﺎص اﻟﻮزن ﻓﻲ اﻷھﻤﯿّﺔ ِ The main motivation for the show is to create a platform for female artists to perform on an equal footing with their male counterparts./Teachers in rural areas demand to be on par with their colleagues in the capital./Healthy diet and exercise are equally important for weight loss. ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗَ َﺪٍم وﺳﺎق To be in full swing. ﺟﻤﯿﻊ/ .اﻟﺠﻮﯾّﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻼﺣﺔ دوﻟﻲ ﻗﺪم وﺳﺎق ﻟﺘﺤﻮﯾﻞ اﻟﻤﻄﺎر اﻟﻤﺤﻠّّﻲ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ُ ّ ّ ِ ٍ ﺟﺎر ﻋﻠﻰ ٍ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ وﺣﯿﻦ وﺻﻠﻨﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ/ .اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ رﯾﺎح اﻟﮭﺒﻮب ﻟﺤﻤﺎﯾﺔ ﻗﺪم وﺳﺎق ِ ِ ٍ اﻻﺳﺘﻌﺪادات ﺟﺎرﯾﺔٌ ﻋﻠﻰ ُ ّ اﻻﺣﺘﻔﺎﻻت .ﻗﺪم وﺳﺎق ٍ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻨﺔ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪة ﺟﺎرﯾﺔً ﻋﻠﻰ 138 ﺣﺮف اﻟﻌﯿﻦ Work is in full swing to transform the local airport into an international aviation hub./All the preparations are in full swing to protect the city against the Haboob wind./When we arrived, the New Year’s celebrations were in full swing. ﯿﺎة َ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗَ ْﯿِﺪ ِ اﻟﺤ To be alive; to survive. ُ ّ ﺳﻨﻔﻌﻞ ﻟﻤﺴﻜﯿﻦ ﻛﺎن اﻟﺤﺼﺎ ُن ا/ “.ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻮﺳﻌﻨﺎ ﻟﻨُﺒﻘﯿﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﯿﺪ اﻟﺤﯿﺎة ” :ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﻟﻲ اﻟﻤﻤﺮﺿﺔ ُ ّ / .ﺗﻢ إﻧﻘﺎذه ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﻔﺮة .ﺟﻞ اﻟﺒﻘﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﯿﺪ اﻟﺤﯿﺎة ّ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﯿﺪ اﻟﺤﯿﺎة ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ِ إن اﻟﻤﺆّﺳﺴﺔ ﺗُﺼﺎرع ﻣﻦ أ The nurse said to me: “We will do everything we can to keep him alive.”/ When the poor horse was rescued from the hole, it was still alive./The enterprise is struggling to survive. ﺮام ُ َُﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﯾ To be as well as someone possibly wishes; in excellent order; to be fne; in an outstanding manner. ّ اﻟﺴّﻜﺎن ُ ّ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺗﺴﯿﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﯾُﺮام ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ ِطﺒﻘًﺎ ﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺑﺄن اﻷﻣﻮر ذﻛﺮ ُاﺳﺘﺒﯿﺎن أﺟﺮﺗﮫ ُ ٍ ّ ﺣﯿﺚ اﻟﺤﺮوب واﻷﻣﺮاض، ﻻ ﺗﺴﯿﺮ اﻷﻣﻮر ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﯾُﺮام ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟَﻢ/ .اﻟﺼﺤﯿﻔﺔُ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿّﺔ ّ ﻮن ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪﯾﻨﺘﻲ .ون ﻋﻤﻠﮭﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺣﺴﻦ ﻣﺎ ﯾُﺮام َ ﯾﺆد َ ّاﻟﺤﺮﻓﯿ ِ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﻛﺎن/ .واﻟﻔﻘﺮ Half of the residents said that things are going well in the city, according to results of a public opinion survey conducted by the local newspaper./Things are not going well in the world; there are wars, diseases, and poverty./In the past, the craftsmen in my city did their jobs in an outstanding manner. اﻟﻤَﺤﱢﻚ َ َﻋﻠﻰ At stake; to put someone or something to the test; to put someone or something into jeopardy. ّ ﻻ/ .ﻣﻜﺘﺒﮫ ﯾﺮ ﺋﯿﺲ اﻟﻮزراء ﻋﻠﻰ ا ِ ِ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺼﺪاﻗﯿﺔُ ر ِ ﻟﻤﺤﻚ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻷداء ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﻼﺋﻢ ﻟﻤﺪ ُ ﻟﻘﺪ ُوﺿﻌﺖ اﻟﻨّﻈﺮﯾﺔ/ .ﻟﻤﺤﻚ ّ ّ ﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ھﺬا ا ﻟﻤﺴﺪس ّإﻻ إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺣﯿﺎﺗﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ ا َ َﯾﻨﺒﻐﻲ أن ﯾ ّ /.ﻋﻠﻤﯿﺔ ﻣﻌﻘّﺪة ّ ﻣﺼﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع ب اﻟﻘﯿﺎدة ﯾﻀﻊ ﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ا ٍ ٍ ﻟﻤﺤﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺗﺠﺮ َ َ إن أﺳﻠﻮ ّ .ﻟﻤﺤﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ا 139 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases The prime minister’s credibility was at stake because of the inadequate performance of his chief of staff./He should not use this gun unless his life is at stake./The theory was put to the test by a complicated scientifc experiment./ The leadership style is putting the fate of the project into jeopardy. ﺼِﺮ َ ََﻋﻠﻰ َﻣﱢﺪ اﻟﺒ As far as the eye can see. ّ ّ ﺳﺮﯾﻌﺔ ﺣﻮﻟﮫُ واﻛﺘﺸﻒ ﺗﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﱢ ﺗﺘﻤﺸﻰ / .ﻣﺪ اﻟﺒﺼﺮ أﺷﺠﺎر اﻟﻨﺨﯿﻞ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ أن ﺑﻨﻈﺮة أﻟﻘﻰ ُ ٍ ٍ َ ّ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔُ اﻟﺮﻣﻠﯿّﺔ وﺗﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ أن ﺗﺮى اﻟﻤﺤﯿﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﱢ ﺗﻤﺘﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ / .ﻣﺪ اﻟﺒﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﻮرﻧﯿﺶ ُ ِ ﱢ .اﻟﻔﺮاغ واﻟﻮﺣﺪة ﻋﺎﻟﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺪ اﻟﺒﺼﺮ وﺗﺒﺪو ﻛﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ أﻧّﮭﺎ ﺗﻌﻜﺲ ً ِ He gave a quick glance around and found there were palms as far as he could see in every direction./You just walk along the corniche, and you can view the ocean as far as you can see./The area of sand stretched as far as the eye could see, and seemed to refect a world of emptiness and loneliness. ﺮاﻣِﮫ ِ ﻋﻠﻰ َﻣ As one wishes or desires; to be in line with what one wants or wishes. ُ ﻣﮭﻤﺎ ّ ﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﻓ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ/ .ﯾﻘﺒﻞ ّإﻻ اﻻﺧﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﺬي ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮاﻣِﮫ ﯾﻜﻦ اﺧﺘﯿﺎر ا َ ﺈن اﻟﻤﺪﯾﺮ ﻟﻦ ِ ُ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﻣﻤﺘﻌﺔ ﺷﺎرﻛ ّ ﺖ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻹطﻼق رﻏﻢ ﺄت ِ أن اﻟﻨّﺘﯿﺠﺔَ ﻟﻢ ﺗ .ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮاﻣﻲ No matter what the committee will select, the boss will only accept the outcome if it is in line with what he wishes./This was the most enjoyable competition I have ever been in, though the result was not as I wished. ﺴَﻤﻊ ْ َﻋﻠﻰ َﻣْﺮأى َوَﻣ To be within sight and hearing of someone; with someone’s knowledge; publicly; before everybody’s eyes; in full view. ّ ﺟﺮاﺋﻢ ُ ّﺗﻮرط اﻟﻤﻮظ ّ / .ﺿﺪ اﻟﻤﺪﻧﯿﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮأى وﻣﺴﻤﻊ اﻟﻌﺎﻟَﻢ أﺟﻤﻊ ﻒ اﻟﺠﯿﺶ اﻟﻐﺎزي ارﺗﻜﺐ ُ َ ّ / .أﻧﺸﻄﺔ اﻟﻔﺴﺎد ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮأى وﻣﺴﻤﻊ اﻹدارة إن ﻣﺎ ﯾﺠﺮي ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﺴﻜﺮ اﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎل ھﻮ ﺑﻌﺪد ﻣﻦ ٍ ِ ّ وﺣﺼﻞ/ .ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮأى وﻣﺴﻤﻊ اﻟﻌﺎﻟَﻢ اﻟﻔﻨﺎن وﻣﺪﯾﺮ أﻋﻤﺎﻟﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮأى وﻣﺴﻤﻊ ﺠﺎر ﺑﯿﻦ ُ اﻟﺸ ِ .زوار اﻟﻤﻌﺮض 140 ﺣﺮف اﻟﻌﯿﻦ The invading army committed crimes against the civilians in sight and hearing of the entire world./The employee was involved in a number of fraudulent activities with the management’s knowledge./The whole world knows about what is going on in the concentration camps./The argument between the artist and his manager happened in full view of the gallery visitors. ﺮاﻋْﯿِﮫ َ ﺼ ْ ﻋﻠﻰ ِﻣ To be wide open (a double door or double window); foodgate. ّ ﻟﺴﯿﻞ ﻣﻦ ا ﻟﺸﻜﺎوى ﺣﻮل اﻟﺘّﻤﯿﯿﺰ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻜﺎن ب ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺼﺮاﻋﯿﮫ َ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮُن اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪ اﻟﺒﺎ ٍ ّ / .اﻟﻌﻤﻞ إن اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻵن ﻣﻔﺘﻮٌح ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺼﺮاﻋﯿﮫ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺜﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﮭﺘﻤﯿﻦ ﺑﺘﻄﻮﯾﺮ أدوﯾٍﺔ ّ أن ا ّ ﻟﺸﺒﺎك ﻛﺎن ﻣﻔﺘﻮًﺣﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺼﺮاﻋﯿﮫ ّإﻻ ّ رﻏﻢ/ .ﺟﺪﯾﺪة أن ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻷﻛﺴﺠﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ ً ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺎ .ﺟﺪا اﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﻛﺎن ً The new law opened a foodgate of complaints about discrimination in the workplace./The feld is now wide open for researchers who are interested in developing new drugs./Even with the windows opened wide, the oxygen levels were very low in the room. ﺾ َ َﻋﻠﻰ َﻣ ٍ ﻀ Grudgingly; reluctantly; with resentment. ّ وﻗﺪ ﻗﺎم ﻋﻠﻰ/ .اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻀﺾ ﻣﻦ ﻗِﺒﻞ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﻨّﺎس ﯾﺘﻢ ﻗﺒﻮل اﻟﻘﺮار ﻣﻦ ّ ّ اﻟﻤﺮﺟﺢ أن ّ أﻋﺪﺗﮫُ ﻟﮫ ّ ﻣﻀﺾ ﺑﺘﻨﺎول اﻟﻄﻌﺎم ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺴﺎغ اﻟﺬي اﺗﻔﺎق ﻛﺒﺎر اﻟﺠﻨﺮاﻻت وﻗّﻊ/ .ُﺟﺪﺗﮫ ُ َ .اﺳﺘﺴﻼم اﻟﺠﯿﺶ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻀﺾ ِ The government decision is likely to be grudgingly accepted by most of the people./He reluctantly ate the unpalatable food his grandmother prepared for him./The top generals reluctantly signed the surrender agreement of the army. اﻟﻤ َ ِﻺ َ َﻋﻠﻰ To be public; publicly; openly. ٌ ّﺎت ﻧﺎﺷﻄﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎل ﺧﻼﻓﺎت ﺣﺎدةٌ وﻣﺤﺘﺪﻣﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ ظﮭﺮت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻸ َ ٍ ﺣﻘﻮق اﻟﻤﺮأة وﺷﺨﺼﯿ ِ ّ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﮭﯿﺌﺎت اﻟﺼﺎدرة ﻋﻦ اﻟﻘﺮارات ﻧﺸﺮ ﯾﺠﺐ / .دﯾﻨﯿ ٍّﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﯿّﺎت اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿّﺔ ُ ُ ّ ِ ِ ّ .ﺑﺼﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻸ ﻧﺸﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠّﻘﺔ ُ ﯾﺘﻢ ّ ﻻ/ .اﻟﻤﻸ 141 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases Sharp and heated disputes between women’s rights activists and religious fgures appeared publicly on Arab satellite channels./All decisions made by public bodies should be made publicly./Information about the king’s health is not being published to the public. واﺳ ٍﻊ ِ ﻄﺎق ٍ َِﻋﻠﻰ ﻧ Widely; widespread; on a large scale. ّ ٌ / .ھﺶ وﻋﺮﺿﺔٌ ﻟﮭﺠﻤﺎت اﻟﻘﺮﺻﻨﺔ ق واﺳٍﻊ َ إن ﺑﺮﻧﺎ ٍ ﻣﺞ اﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮب اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻄﺎ ّ ق ٍ ﻛﻞ ﺻﺤﯿٍّﺔ و َ أدى اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﻜﺜّﻒ ﻟﻤﺒﯿﺪات اﻵﻓﺎت إﻟﻰ ﻣﺸﺎ ٍ ﺑﯿﺌﯿﺔ ﺧﻄﯿﺮة وﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻄﺎ ق واﺳٍﻊ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺤﺮب ّ ﺗﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاُم اﻟﻤﻨﺸﻮرات اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗُﻠﻘﻰ ﻣﻦ ا ّ / .واﺳﻊ ٍ ﻟﺠﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻄﺎ .اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﯿّﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ The widely used software is vulnerable to hacker attacks./The extensive use of pesticides has led to serious and widespread health and environmental problems./Airborne leafets were used on a large scale by warring forces during World War II. ﺪة ٰ َﻋ/ ﺗﯿﺮِة َ ﻠﻰ َو َ اﻟﻮ ٍ واﺣ ِ ﺗﯿﺮٍة َ ﺲ ِ َﻋﻠﻰ ﻧَْﻔ At pace; in the same manner; in the same way; monotonous; monotonic. ُ ّ ّ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻮﺗﯿﺮة ّ اﻟﻘﯿﻮد ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺘﺴﺘﻤﺮ / .اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺗﻄﻮر اﻟﺘّﺠﺎرة ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﯾﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪ ﻻ ّ ﯾﺴﺘﻤﺮ ِ ّ / .ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻮﺗﯿﺮة أﻣﺎم ﺣﺮﯾّﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺒُﻠﺪان اﻷوروﺑﯿّﺔ ﺧﻼل ھﺬا اﻟﻌﺎم ّ ﻤﻮ ﺎﻧﻲ ﻟﻢ ّ ّإن اﻟﻨ ّ اﻟﺴّﻜ ُ وﺗﯿﺮة واﺣﺪة وﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺳﺎرت ﺣﯿﺎﺗﮫُ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ/ .واﺣﺪة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ وﺗﯿﺮة ﯾﻜﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ٍ ٍ ٍ ّ ﻷن ﺿﻐﻄﮫ ُ ﺮﯾﺎﻧﻲ ﻟﻢ ّ ﻟﻢ ﯾﺘﻢ إﺟﺮاء اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿّﺔ اﻟﺠﺮاﺣﯿّﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﯾﺾ/ .ﺗﺴﺘﻨﺰﻓﮫُ ﻧﻔﺴﯿًﺎ ﯾﻜﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺸ ّ .وﺗﯿﺮة واﺣﺪة ٍ The development of trade between the two countries may not continue at the same pace as before./The restrictions on free movement among European countries will continue in the same manner during this year./ The population did not grow at the same pace across the region./His life in the palace was monotonous and psychologically draining./The surgery was not performed because the patient’s arterial pressure was not monotonic. 142 ﺣﺮف اﻟﻌﯿﻦ ﺷِﻚ َ ﻋﻠﻰ َو About to happen; on the verge of happening; on the brink. ّ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ّ اﻟﺸﺠﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ وﺷﻚ اﻟﺴﻘﻮط ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻷﺻﻮات اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗَﺼﺪر داﺋﻤﺎ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﺎ إذا ِ ً ﯾُﻤﻜﻨﻨﻲ ﻣﺆﺷﺮا آﺧﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻏﺘﯿﺎل اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺲ ﻛﺎن/ .ﺎم وﺷﻚ ھﺬه اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ/ .ﻣﻨﮭﺎ ُ ً ّ ّاﻻﻧﻘﺮاض اﻟﺘ ِ ِ ّ /.ﺳﯿﺎﺳﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺷﻚ اﻻﻧﮭﯿﺎر ّ إن .اﻟﺴّﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺷﻚ اﻻﻧﺘﮭﺎء ﻧﻈﺎم ﱟ ٍ I always can tell from the sounds coming from the tree that it is about to fall./ These animals are on the verge of total extinction./The president’s assassination was one more indication of a political system on the verge of a breakdown./The dam is about to be completed. ﻓﺎق َﻣَﻊ ٍ َﻋﻠﻰ ِو To be on good/friendly terms with someone. ً ّ رﺟﻼ ﻛﺎن/ .اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ وﻓﺎق ﻣﻊ ﺑُﻠﺪان اﻟﻌﺎﻟَﻢ ﻧﻜﻮن ﻋﻠﻰ إن ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺤﻨﺎ اﻟﻘﻮﻣﯿّﺔ ﺗُﺤﺘّﻢ ﻋﻠﯿﻨﺎ أن َ ّ ٍ ّ داﺋﻢ ُ وﻟﻢ،ﺬﻣﺮ وﻓﺎق ﻣﻊ أﺷﻘّﺎﺋﮭﺎ داﺋﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﯾﻜﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ّ ّاﻟﺸﻜﻮى واﻟﺘ ً ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ/ .وﻓﺎق ﻣﻊ أﺣﺪ َ ٍ ٍ .وﺷﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﮭﺎ It would be in our national interests to be on friendly terms with the countries of the Arab World./He was a grumpy man and was not on good terms with anyone./She was always on good terms with her siblings. آﺧِﺮِھﻢ ِ َﻋْﻦ To the last man; all of them. ُ اﻟﻘﺮﯾﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺧﺮج أطﻔﺎل/ .اﻟﻌﻠﻢ وﺗﻌﺎھﺪوا ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﺘﺎل ﺣﺘﻰ ﯾُﻘﺘﻠﻮا ﻋﻦ آﺧﺮھﻢ اﻟﺠﻨﻮد رﻓﻊ ِ َ ّ ﻗﻔﺰ/ .اﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺎرج ّ ﺑﻮﺻﻮل آﺑﺎﺋﮭﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺤﺎرةُ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎء وﺣﺎوﻟﻮا آﺧﺮھﻢ ﻟﻼﺣﺘﻔﺎل ِ ّ اﻟﺴﺒﺎﺣﺔَ إﻟﻰ ّ . وﻟﻜﻨّﮭﻢ ﻏﺮﻗﻮا ﻋﻦ آﺧﺮھﻢ،اﻟﺸﺎطﺊ The soldiers raised the fag and vowed to fght to the last man./All the village children went out to celebrate the arrival of their fathers from abroad./ The sailors jumped into the water and tried to swim to shore, but all of them drowned. 143 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases ﺧﺎطﺮ َﻋْﻦ ِ طﯿﺐ ِ Gladly; willingly; lovingly; voluntarily; by choice; joyously. ّ ﻗﺎﺗﻞ وﻗﺪ ﻋﻔﺎ/ .أﺟﻞ إﻧﻘﺎذ اﺑﻨﮫ ﺑﺤﯿﺎﺗﮫ وﻋﻦ ﺿﺤﻰ ﻟﻘﺪ ُ ِ ِ ِ أﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﻀﺤﯿﺔ ﻋﻦ ِ طﯿﺐ ﺧﺎطﺮ ﻣﻦ ْ ﻗﺮ ّ ﻟﻘﺪ/ .اﻟﻌﺸﺎﺋﺮي ّ ﺗﻌﯿﺶ ﻣﻊ رت وﻋﻦ طﯿﺐ ﺧﺎطﺮ أن أﺑﯿﮭﻢ ﻋﻦ طﯿﺐ ﺧﺎطﺮ أﻣﺎم اﻟﻔﺼﻞ َ ّ .اﻟﺮﺟﻞ اﻟﺬي ﺗﺤﺒّﮫ He gladly sacrifced his life to save his son./In front of the tribal court, the victim’s sons willingly pardoned the murderer of their father./She lovingly decided to live her life with the man she loves. َ َﻋﻦ ظْﮭِﺮ ﻗَ ْﻠﺐ To know/learn by heart; to memorise. ّ ّإﻻ،أن اﻟﻤﻌﻠّﻘﺎت ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﺼﺎﺋﺪ طﻮﯾﻠﺔ ّ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أن اﻟﻌﺮب ﻛﺎﻧﻮا ﯾﺤﻔﻈﻮﻧﮭﺎ ﻋﻦ ظﮭﺮ ّ اﻋﺘﻘَﺪ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻮﯾﯿﻦ/ .ﻗﻠﺐ ّ أن اﻟﺤﻔﻆ ﻋﻦ ظﮭﺮ ﻗﻠﺐ ﻻ ﯾ ﺣﻔﻆ/ .ُﻌﺪ ﺗﻌﻠّ ًﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻹطﻼق .اﻟﻤﻤﺜّﻞ دوره ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺮﺣﯿّﺔ ﻋﻦ ظﮭﺮ ﻗﻠﺐ Although Al-Muallaqat were long poems, Arabs used to know them by heart./ Some pedagogues thought that learning by heart is not learning at all./The actor memorised his lines for his role in the play. ﺼﺪ ْ ََﻋْﻦ ﻗ On purpose. ْ ّ وذﻛﺮت ﻻﺋﺤﺔُ اﻻﺗّﮭﺎم ُ أﻗﻮل ذﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﻗﺼﺪ ﻷﻧّﻨﻲ اﻟﻤﺪان / .أرﯾﺪھﻢ أن ﯾﺴﻤﻌﻮا اﻟﺤﻘﯿﻘﺔ ﻣﻨّﻲ ُ ُ أن ّ اﻋﺘﺮف ﺑﺄﻧّﮫ ﻗﺎم ﻋﻦ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺑﺘﺨﺮﯾﺐ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﻘﺪ/ .ارﺗﻜﺐ اﻟﺠﺮﯾﻤﺔ ﺗﺼﺮف ﻋﻦ ﻗﺼﺪ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻗﺪ َ َ .اﻟﻔﻨﻲ اﻟﺜّﻤﯿﻦ ّ I say that on purpose because I want them to hear the truth from me./ The indictment implied that the convict had acted on purpose when he committed the crime./He admitted destroying the valuable artwork on purpose. 144 ﺣﺮف اﻟﻌﯿﻦ َﻋْﻦ َﻛﺜَﺐ Closely; frst-hand. َ وﻧﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻋﻦ ﻛﺜﺐ،ﺳﻼﻣﺔُ ﻣﻮظﻔﯿﻨﺎ ھﻲ أوﻟﻮﯾّﺘﻨﺎ اﻟﻘﺼﻮى ﻗﺎﻣﺖ / .أﺣﺪث اﻟﻨّﺼﺎﺋﺢ اﻟﻄﺒﯿّﺔ ِ ّ / .ﻗﻄﻊ ﺑﺤﺮﯾٍّﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ وھﻲ ﺗﺮاﻗﺐ اﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﻋﻦ ﻛﺜﺐ اﻟﻤﺠﺮﻣﺎن ﻣﻦ ﺗﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺒﺤﺮﯾّﺔُ ﺑﻨﻘﻞ ِ ٍ ّ .اﻟﺤﺮاس اﻟﻔﺮار ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أﻧّﮭﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺎ ﻣﺮاﻗَﺒﯿﻦ ﻋﻦ ﻛﺜﺐ ﻣﻦ ﻗِﺒﻞ The safety of our staff is our utmost priority, and we are closely following the latest medical advice./The navy has moved vessels to the region and is closely monitoring the situation./Although the two criminals were closely watched by the guards, they managed to escape. ﻤﺎء ُ َﻋ ﻨﺎن ﱠ ِ اﻟﺴ To skyrocket; sky-high; to soar high; the sky; to reach a very high level. ّ ﻋﻨﺎن دﻓﻊ/.ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺒﺎراة اﻟﺴﻤﺎء ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ أﻧﺤﺎء اﻟﻤﻠﻌﺐ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺤﻤﺎس إﻟﻰ ارﺗﻔﻊ ُ ِ ِ ّ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرﺑﻮن ﺑﺄﺳﻌﺎر ّ ﻋﻨﺎن ّ ﻋﻨﺎن ﺗﻢ إﻋﻼن ﺑﻠﻐﺖ آﻣﺎﻟﮭﺎ/ .اﻟﺴﻤﺎء اﻟﺬھﺐ إﻟﻰ َ َ ّ اﻟﺴﻤﺎء ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ِ .ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻻﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎت Enthusiasm skyrocketed throughout the stadium at the end of the game./The speculators have driven the price of gold to record-high levels./Her hopes soared high when the exam results were announced. ﺴِﻦ ظَﱢﻦ ْ ِﻋْﻨَﺪ ُﺣ To live up to someone’s expectations. ّ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎن داﺋﻢ ا/ .ق ﻗﺼﺎرى ﺟﮭﺪه ﻟﯿﻜﻮَن ﻋﻨﺪ ﺣﺴﻦ ظﻨّﻜﻢ ُ ﺳﯿﺒﺬل اﻟﻔﻨﺪ ﻟﺸﻌﻮر ﺑﺎّﻟﺬﻧﺐ ﻷﻧّﮫ ُ ﻟﻢ ّ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺘﻤﻈﮭﺮ ﺑﻜﻞ ﻗﺪراﺗﮭﺎ ﻟﺘﻜﻮن ﻋﻨﺪ ﺣﺴﻦ/ .ظﻦ اﻵﺧﺮﯾﻦ ّ ﯾﻜﻦ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺣﺴﻦ ظﻦ . ﻣﺪ ﯾﺮ ھﺎ The hotel will make every effort to live up to your expectations./He always felt guilty for not living up to the expectations of others./She was giving all the impressions of living up to her manager’s expectations. 145 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases ﻠﻰ ﺑِْﺪء ٰ َﻋْﻮًدا َﻋ Back to the start/beginning; to start again; to return to a starting point; back on subject. ّ ﻮدا ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺪء ﻧﻘﻮل ً وﻟﻜﻦ ﻋ،ﻟﻘﺪ ﻧﺎﻗﺸﻨﺎ ھﺬا اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع ﺳﺎﺑﻘًﺎ ّ إن اﻟﺒﺸﺮ ﻓﻲ / .ﻛﻞ ﻣﻜﺎن ھﻢ اﻟﺒﺸﺮ ً وﺑﻌﺪ/ .ﯾﺠﺪ اﻟﻔﻜﺮةَ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻓﺎﺗﺘﮫ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺮاءﺗﮫ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻗﺎم ﺑﻘﺮاءة اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ِ ﻋﻮدا ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺪء ﻟﻌﻠﮫ ً ﻛﻞ ﻣﮭﻤﺔ ﯾﺘﺤﺮك ّ أن ﯾُﻨﮭﻲ اﻟﺮوﺑﻮت .ﻋﻮدا ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺪء إﻟﻰ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺪاﯾﺔ We have discussed this topic before, but back to the beginning, people are people everywhere./He read the book back to the start hoping to fnd the idea he had missed from his frst reading./The robot moves back to the start after it accomplishes each task. ُﺻْﺒُﺮه َ ﻋﯿﻞ َ To run out of patience with someone or something. ّ ّﺎﺗﮫ ّ ﺻﺒﺮ ّ ﯾﻌﺪ ﯾﺘﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺰﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻘﺪ/ .اﻟﺸﺨﺼﯿّﺔ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻋﯿﻞ ُ اﻟﺸﻌﺐ وﻟﻢ ُ ِ اﻟﻀﻐﻮط ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺮﯾ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ اﻟﻤﺮأةُ ﺑﺎﻻﺗّﺼﺎل ﻟﻘﺪ/ .ﻟﻮﺻﻮل اﻟﻘﺎرب ﺻﺒﺮﻧﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ أن طﺎل اﻧﺘﻈﺎرﻧﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮد ﻋﯿﻞ ُ ِ ِ ّ .ﺻﺒﺮھﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺎرھﺎ اﻟﻤﺰﻋﺞ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮطﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ أن ﻋﯿﻞ ُ The people are growing impatient and cannot bear the continued pressure on their civil liberties anymore./We had no patience left after waiting so long in the cold for the boat to arrive./The woman called the police after she lost her patience with her annoying neighbour. 146 غ ﺣﺮف اﻟﻐﯿﻦ ﻏﺎﺑُِﺮ ﱠ ﻣﺎن ِ اﻟﺰ Time immemorial; in ancient times; in the remote past. ّ ﻏﺎﺑﺮ ّ / .اﻟﺰﻣﺎن إن زﯾﺎرةَ اﻟﺠﻨﺎح ﻘﺎﻓﺔ اﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﯿّﺔ ﻣﻨﺬ ِ ّﻟﻄﺎﻟﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﯿﻘﻰ ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ اﻟﺜ ِ ّ ﻏﺎﺑﺮ ّ رﺣﻠﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻏﺎﺑﺮ ّاﻟﺘ اﻟﺰﻣﺎن ﻓﻲ/ .اﻟﺰﻣﺎن ﺎرﯾﺨﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﻒ ﺗﺠﻌﻠﻚ ﺗﺸﻌﺮ وﻛﺄﻧّﻚ ﻓﻲ ٍ ّ ِ ّ ﺻﻨّﻒ .أرﺑﻌﺔ أﺻﻨﺎف رﺋﯿﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﮭﻦ إﻟﻰ ﯿﻨﯿﻮن اﻟﺼ َ َ ِ Since time immemorial, music has always been part of human culture./A visit to the historical wing of the museum makes you feel as if you were time-travelling into ancient times./A long time ago, the Chinese classifed the professions into four major categories. اﻟﻐﺎﻟﻲ َواﻟﻨﱠﻔﯿﺲ To sacrifce everything for someone or something. ُ ﺿﺤﯿﺖ ﻟﻘﺪ/ .اﻟﯿﻮم ھﻨﺎ ﻧﻜﻮن أﺟﻞ أن َ ِ وأرﯾﺪ أن أﺷﯿﺪ ﺑﺄوﻟﺌﻚ اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﺑﺬﻟﻮا اﻟﻐﺎﻟﻲ واﻟﻨﻔﯿﺲ ﻣﻦ َ ّ رﺟﻞ ّ ﻗﺪم اﻟﻐﺎﻟﻲ واﻟﻨﻔﯿﺲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺼﺔ ﺣﻮل ﺗﺪور ھﺬه / .أﺟﻞ أوﻻدي ُ ٍ ِ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺎﻟﻲ واﻟﻨﻔﯿﺲ ﻣﻦ .إﻧﻘﺎذ اﻵﺧﺮﯾﻦ ِ أﺟﻞ ِ I would like to pay tribute to those who sacrifced everything for us to be here today./I have sacrifced everything for my children./This story is about a man who sacrifced everything to save others. ب ﺧﺎرَج ﱢ ِ اﻟﺴْﺮ ِ َﻏﱠﺮَد To not conform to what is generally believed; to go against the mainstream; to dance to a different tune. DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-20 147 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases ّ اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ ّ واﺣﺪا ﻣﻦ أﻛﺜﺮ رﺟﺎل ً ّ ّ ،اﻟﺪﯾﻦ إﺛﺎرةً ﻟﻠﺠﺪل اﻟﺪﯾﻨﯿّﺔ ﻓﺎﺗﱡِﮭﻢ ﻏﺮد ﺧﺎرج ﺳﺮب ﻛﺎن ّ ﻐﺮد ﺧﺎرج ﺳﺮب اﻟﺘّﯿﺎر اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺲ ُ ّ ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ّ ُاﻟﺮّﺳﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﺑﺄﻧّﮭﺎ ﺗ ﺗﻢ ﻟﻠﻔﻦ ّ وﻗﺪ/ .ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺠﺪﯾﻒ ّ / .اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻆ ّ وزﯾﺮ ّ دون ﺧﺎرج ّ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﯿّﺔ أﻧّﮫ ﻻ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻟﻤﻦ ﯾ / .اﻟﺴﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘُﻮى اﻷﻣﻨﯿّﺔ أﻛﺪ ُ َ ُﻐﺮ ُ وﯾﺘﺼﺮ ّ ّ ُﻐﺮد ﺧﺎرج ّ ﺷﺨﺼﺎ ذﻛﯿًّﺎ ﯾ .ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌﮫ ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ ف اﻟﺴﺮب ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎن ً ٍ ٍ He was one of the most controversial clerics, who did not conform to the religious establishment, and as a result, he was accused of blasphemy./The group of artists has been defned as a group against the mainstream of conservative art./The minister of interior has affrmed non-conformists will not be allowed to be part of the security forces./He was an intelligent person who danced to a different tune and behaved differently to his community. ﻮار ُ َﻏ ِ ﺮﯾﺐ اﻷَْط A weird person; an eccentric person. ّ ُ ٌ ﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﻏﯿﺮ / .ﻣﺤﺰن ﻛﮭﺬا ﻣﻮﻗﻒ ﺗﻀﺤﻚ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺮﯾﺐ اﻷطﻮار ﻷﻧّﻚ ﺷﺨﺺ اﻟﻤﺆﻛﺪ أﻧّﻚ ﻣﻦ ُ ٍ ٍ ٍ ٌ ﻏﺮﯾﺐ أرﻧﺐ إﻧّﮫ/ .اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻊ ﻓﻲ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ ﯾﻤﯿﻞ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص ﻏﺮﯾﺒﻮ اﻷطﻮار إﻟﻰ واﺿﺢ ُ ُ ّ ً ﺤﺐ أﻛﻞ اﻟﺒﯿﺘﺰا ّ ُاﻷطﻮار ﯾ .ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺰر You must be a weird person to laugh in such a sad situation./For some unobvious reason, weird people tend to congregate in this city./It is a weird rabbit that likes to eat pizza instead of carrots. ف َﻋْﻦ َ ﺾ اﻟﻄﱠ ْﺮ َﻏ ﱠ To turn a blind eye to something. ُ ّ ﺗﻐﺾ اﻟﻄّﺮف ﻋﻦ اﻟﺠﺮاﺋﻢ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻼدﻧﺎ ﻓﺈﻧّﮭﺎ ﺣﻘﻮق ﺟﻤﺎﻋﺎت ﺑﻌﺾ ﺗﻨﺘﻘﺪ وﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ ُ َ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن ِ ِ ِ ّ ٌ ّ ،ﻨﻤﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ ﻓﺤﺴﺐ ﻟﻢ/ .ﺑﻠﺪان أﺧﺮى ﺗﺮﺗﻜﺒﮭﺎ ّ ّاﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ اﻟﻄﺮف ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘ َ ﯾﻐﺾ ﻣﺴﺆوﻟﻮ ّ ﺑﺈﺳﻜﺎت ﻣﻦ ﻟﻔﺘﺮة ﻟﻘﺪ ﻏﻀﻀﻨﺎ اﻟﻄّﺮف ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ/ .ﻨﻤﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄّﻼّب ﺑﻞ وﻗﺎﻣﻮا ٍ ّ ّﺗﻌﺮض ﻟﻠﺘ ِ .أطﻮل ﻣﻦ اﻟﻼّزم While some human rights groups criticise our country, they turn a blind eye to crimes committed by other countries./The school offcials did not only turn a blind eye to bullying in the school but also tried to silence the bullied students./We turned a blind eye toward the problem for far too long. 148 ﺣﺮف اﻟﻐﯿﻦ ﺒﺎت َﻋﻤﯿﻖ ُ / ﻮم ٍ ﺳ ِ َّﻏﻂﱠ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨ To fall into a deep sleep. ّ ﯾﻮﻣﮫ ورﻣﺖ اﻟﺼﻐﯿﺮةُ ﺑﺮأﺳﮭﺎ / .اﻟﺸﺎق واﻟﻄّﻮﯾﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻘﻞ ﺳﺒﺎت ﻋﻤﯿﻖ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻏﻂّ اﻟﻔﻼّ ُح ﻓﻲ ٍ ِ ِ .ﻧﻮم ﻋﻤﯿﻖ ﻓﻲ ّ ﺣﻀﻦ ٍ وﻏﻄّﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻔﻮر ﻓﻲ،أﻣﮭﺎ ِ After a long and hard day in the feld, the farmer fell into a deep sleep./The little girl dropped her head on her mother’s lap and instantaneously fell into a deep sleep. ﻏﻠَﺒَﮫُ اﻟﻨُﻌﺎس To be overcome by drowsiness. ّ أن ﺳﺎﺋﻖ ّ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ّ ﻋﻠﻰ ّإﻻ أﻧّﮫ ﻟﻢ،ﻌﺎس أﺛﻨﺎء ﻗﯿﺎدﺗﮫ ﺷﺎﺣﻨﺘﮫ ُ ّداﺋﻤﺎ ﻣﺎ ﯾَﻐﻠﺒﮫ اﻟﻨ ً اﻟﺸﺎﺣﻨﺔ ّ وﻣﺎ إن ﺟﻠﺲ/ .ﺣﺎدث ﻗﻂ ّ ﯾﺘﻌﺮض ّ إذ إﻧّﮫ ﻛﺎن ﻣﺮھَﻘًﺎ ﻣﻦ،اﻟﺮّﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻏﻠﺒﮫ اﻟﻨّﻌﺎس ﻷي ٍ ّ ّ َﺗﻨﺎول اﻟﻮﺟﺒﺔ ّ رﺣﻠﺘﮫ ﻋﺒﺮ ﯾﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻌﺎس وﻟﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ أن/ .اﻟﺮﺑﻊ اﻟﺨﺎﻟﻲ ﻋﻨﺎء ُ ّاﻟﺪِﺳﻤﺔ ﻏﻠﺒﮫ اﻟﻨ َ ِ ِ .ﻋﻤﻠﮫ إﺗﻤﺎم ِ Although the truck driver always drowses at the wheel, he had never had a single accident./The explorer was overcome by drowsiness the moment he sat down after a long journey through the Empty Quarter./After the heavy meal, he found himself overcome by drowsiness and could not get his work done. 149 ﺣﺮف اﻟﻔﺎء ف ﺑﺎرﺋِﮭﺎ ﻓﺎﺿْﺖ ُ َ روﺣﮫُ إﻟﻰ ِ To die; to breathe one’s last; to yield up the ghost. ﺿﻢ زوﺟﺘَﮫ إﻟﻰ ﺻﺪره ﺑﻌﺪ ﯾﻮﻣﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ زﯾﺎرﺗﻨﺎ ﻟﮫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ ﻓﺎﺿﺖ روﺣﮫ إﻟﻰ ﺑﺎرﺋﮭﺎّ / . ﺧﺸﺒﺔ روح اﻟﻔﻨّﺎن إﻟﻰ ﺑﺎرﺋﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻔﯿﺾ إﻟﻰ ﺑﺎرﺋﮭﺎ / .وﻗﺪ ﻓﺎﺿﺖ روﺣﮭﺎ ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ُ ُ ُ ِ ﺗﺄدﯾﺘﮫ دور ّ اﻟﺴﻨﺪﺑﺎد ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺮﺣﯿّﺔ. اﻟﻤﺴﺮح أﺛﻨﺎء ِ We visited him in the hospital, and he died two days later./He held his wife while she was breathing her last./The actor died on stage while playing the part of Sinbad in the play. ﺻْﻔَﺤﺔً َﺟﺪﯾﺪة ﻓَﺘََﺢ َ To turn over a new leaf; to start afresh; to wipe the slate clean. ﻟﻚ ﻟﻘﺪ َ ﺣﺎن اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻧﻨﺴﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ وﻧﻔﺘﺢ ﺻﻔﺤﺔً ﺟﺪﯾﺪة وﻧﺒﺪأ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ / .إﻧّﮭﺎ ﻓﺮﺻﺔٌ ِ ﻧﻔﺴﻚ وﺗﻔﺘﺤﻲ ﺻﻔﺤﺔً ﺟﺪﯾﺪةً ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺘﻚ / .وﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻄّﻼق ُ ﻗﻤﺖ ﺑﺒﯿﻊ ّ ﻛﻞ أﺷﯿﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﺘﺴﺎﻣﺤﻲ َ ُ أﻓﺘﺢ ﺻﻔﺤﺔً ﺟﺪﯾﺪة وأﺑﺪأ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ. ﻷﻧّﻨﻲ أردت أن َ It is time to forget about the past, wipe the slate clean, and start over./This is an opportunity for you to forgive yourself and turn over a new leaf with the help of your family./After the divorce, I sold everything because I wanted to start afresh. ض َﻋْﯿٍﻦ ﻓَ ْﺮ ُ Individual duty; obligation. ﻣﺠﻠﺲ اﻹﻓﺘﺎء اﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺘﻮى ﻗﺎل ﻓﯿﮭﺎ ّ ﻋﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ّ ﻛﻞ رﺟﻞ / .ﻗﺎﻟﺖ إن اﻟﺠﮭﺎد أﺻﺪر ُ ُ ﻓﺮض ٍ ﻣﺨﺮﺟﺔٌ ﻓﻠﺴﻄﯿﻨﯿّﺔٌ ّ ﻋﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ّ ﻛﻞ َﻣﻦ ﯾﺘﻌﺎطﻒ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻘﻀﯿ ِّﺔ ﻓﺮض أﻓﻼﻣﮭﺎ ھﻮ إن ﻣﺸﺎھﺪة ُ ِ ٍ DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-21 150 ﺣﺮف اﻟﻔﺎء ّ ﻧﻘﺎﺑﺔ اﻷطﺒّﺎء ّ ّ ﺣﻠﻮل ﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﻋﯿﻦ ﻓﺮض اﻟﺼّﺤﯿّﺔ اﻟﺮﻋﺎﯾﺔ ﻓﺈن إﯾﺠﺎد ﺣﺴﺐ/ .اﻟﻔﻠﺴﻄﯿﻨﯿّﺔ ُ ِ ٍ ٍ ّ ﻋﻠﻰ .ﻛﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺴﺒﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﮭﻨﺔ The fatwa issued by the supreme council stated that jihad is a religious individual duty upon all men./The Palestinian movie director said that watching her movies is an individual duty upon all who sympathise with the Palestinian cause./According to the Medical Syndicate, fnding solutions for healthcare problems is an individual obligation upon all healthcare workers. ض ِﻛﻔﺎﯾٍَﺔ ُ ﻓَ ْﺮ Collective duty; obligation. / .ﻓﺮض ﻛﻔﺎﯾﺔ ﻋﯿﻦ وﻟﯿﺲ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ھﻮ/ .ﻛﻔﺎﯾﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻮاطﻨﯿﻦ ﻓﺮض ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻮطﻦ ھﻮ ُ ُ ُ ٍ ٍ ﻓﺮض ّ .ﻛﻔﺎﯾﺔ إن ﻗﺎم ﺑﮫ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﺳﻘﻂ ﻋﻦ اﻵﺧﺮﯾﻦ ﻓﺮض إن اﻟﻤﺼﺎﻟﺤﺔ اﻟﻮطﻨﯿّﺔ ﻟﯿﺴﺖ ُ ٍ Protecting the country is a collective duty upon citizens./Working is an individual, not a collective duty./National Reconciliation is not a collective duty that if it is done by someone, then all others are spared. ُﻓََﻐَﺮ ﻓﺎه To gape; to be open-mouthed; one’s jaw drops. ْ ّﻓﻐﺮت ﻓﺎھﺎ واﺗ ْ ّ اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻓﺎهُ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻠﻘّﻰ ﺴﻌﺖ ﻋﯿﻨﺎھﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ / .اﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔَ وﻣﻌﮭﺎ رﺻﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻐﺮ ُ ْ ً رأت ّ ﺷﺒﺢ ّ ﻟﯿﺒﺘﻠﻊ .اﻟﺴﻔﯿﻨﺔ ھﺎج ھﯿﺌﺔ ﺷﻜﻼ ﻋﻠﻰ ُ َ َ ﻟﻘﺪ/ .ﯾﺘﻘﺪُم ﻧﺤﻮھﺎ ِ ُاﻟﺒﺤﺮ وﻓﻐﺮ ﻓﺎه ٍ The man’s jaw dropped when he received a letter with a bullet inside./She stared open-mouthed, and her eyes widened as she saw a ghostly shape moving towards her./The sea became agitated, gaping to swallow the ship. ﻓَﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟُ َﻚ ﺑِــ Let alone; still less; much less. ّ ﯾﺮﻗﺼﻮن ﻓﻲ ً ﯾﻜﻦ ﯾﻤﺘﻠﻚ ُ ﻟﻢ/ .ﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﻨّﺴﺎء ّ إﻧﻚ ﻻ ﺗﺮى ﻣﺎﻻ ﻛﻲ ﯾﺸﺘﺮي ﺟﺎل َ َ ُ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟ،اﻟﺸﺎرع َ اﻟﺮ َ ﺑﺤﻞ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﺄن،اﻟﻔﻼﻓﻞ ٍ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻚ، ﻟﯿﺲ ﻟﺪى اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺧﻄﺔ/ .ﯾﺄﺧﺬ ﺳﯿﺎرة أﺟﺮة إﻟﻰ اﻟﺒﯿﺖ ُ ﻣﺎ/ .ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻋﺪم اﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻠﺪ .ﺑﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﺼﺪﯾﻖ ﻷؤذي ﻛﻨﺖ ً َ ﺷﺨﺼﺎ ﻏﺮﯾﺒًﺎ ﻓﻤﺎ َ ِ 151 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases You never see men, much less so women, dancing on the street./He had barely got enough money to buy a falafel wrap, much less to take a taxi home./The government has no plan, much less a solution to tackle instability in the country./I would not hurt a stranger, let alone a friend. واﺣﺪ ِ آن ٍ ﻓﻲ Simultaneously; at the same time; at once; both. ﺑﺄﺷﯿﺎء ﻛﺜﯿﺮة ﻓﻲ ﺗﻘﻮم – ھﻞ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﮭﺬه اﻵﻟﺔ اﻟﻘﯿﺎم ّ َ ٍ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﮭﻤﺘﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ َ آن واﺣﺪ؟ – ﻧﻌﻢ ﯾُﻤﻜﻨﮭﺎ أن / .آن واﺣﺪ وأﺷﺎر/ .آن واﺣﺪ ُ ٍ اﻟﺨﺒﺮاء إﻟﻰ أن اﻟﻨﺒﯿﺬ ﯾﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻔﯿﺪة وﺿﺎرة ﻓﻲ ٍ .آن واﺣﺪ ﻟﻤﺎﺋﺔ وﺳﯿُﻤﻜﻦ ِ ٍ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻓﻘﻂ دﺧﻮل اﻟﻤﻌﺮض ﻓﻲ ٍ – “Can this machine do both tasks simultaneously?” – “Yes, it can do many things at once.”/Experts pointed out that wine contains both benefcial and harmful substances./Only 100 people will be able to enter the exhibition at the same time. ﺣﺎل ﯾُ ْﺮﺛﻰ ﻟَﮭﺎ ٍ ﻓﻲ To be in dire straits; to be in a deplorable or a regrettable condition; to be in tatters. ّ / .ﺣﺎل ﯾُﺮﺛﻰ ﻟﮭﺎ ُ ّ إن اﻟﺒﻨﻚ .ﺣﺎل ﯾُﺮﺛﻰ ﻟﮭﺎ وﻓﺎة واﻟﺪﺗﮭﻢ أﺻﺒﺢ ّ اﻟﺼ ِ ﺑﻌﺪ ٍ اﻷوﻻد ﻓﻲ ٍ ﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﻓﻲ ّ ﺣﺎل ﯾُﺮﺛﻰ ﻟﮭﺎ وﻣﺜﯿﺮة ّ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮون ﻣﻦ ﻛﺒﺎر .ﻟﻠﺸﻔﻘﺔ ﯾﻌﯿﺶ / ُ َ ٍ اﻟﺴ ّﻦ ﻓﻲ After their mother died, the children were in dire straits./The Industrial Bank is in a deplorable condition./Many elderly people live in a highly deplorable condition. ﺴﺒﺎن ْ اﻟﺤ ُ ﻓﻲ To take into account; to take into consideration; to keep in mind. ّ أﺧﺬت ُ ُ ذوق اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﻠﻚ ﯾﺨﺘﻠﻒ / .اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﯾّﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺒّﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻨﻒ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔُ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺴﺒﺎن َ ِ ُ ﻟﻢ/ .اﺳﺘﮭﺪاف أﺳﻮاق ﺟﺪﯾﺪة ﯾﻜﻦ ﻓﻲ وﯾﺠﺐ وﺿﻊ ذﻟﻚ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺴﺒﺎن ﻋﻨﺪ ﺑﻠﺪ إﻟﻰ آﺧﺮ ُ ٍ ﻣﻦ ِ ُ اﻟﺤﺴﺒﺎن أﻧّﮫ ﺳﯿ ُ ﺣﺪث ﻣﺎ ﻟﻢ َ .ﯾﻜﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺴﺒﺎن وﻟﻜﻦ/ .ُﺒﻌﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ 152 ﺣﺮف اﻟﻔﺎء The study took into consideration the economic factors contributing to violence./Consumer preference is different around the world, and this must be taken into account when targeting new markets./It was never in mind that he would come back from the dead./But the unexpected happened. ﻀﯿﺾ اﻟﺤ َ ﻓﻲ ِ To be at a low ebb; to be in the gutter; to be at rock bottom. ُ أﺻﺒﺤﻨﺎ ﺟﻤﯿﻌﺎ ”ﻧﺤﻦ: ﻗﺎل أوﺳﻜﺎر واﯾﻠﺪ/ .اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻀﯿﺾ ﻧﺠﺪ اﻷﺧﻼق واﻵداب ً ّ ّ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻀﯿﺾ ّإﻻ إن ھﺬه اﻟﻔﺌﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨّﺎس ﻓﻲ/ “.أن ﺑﻌﻀﻨﺎ ﯾﺸﺨﺺ ﺑﺒﺼﺮه إﻟﻰ اﻟﻨّﺠﻮم . ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻌﻨﻮﯾﺎت اﻟﺠﻨﻮد ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻀﯿﺾ/ .ﺣﻀﯿﺾ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ وﻟﻢ ﯾﮭﺘﻢ ﺑﮭﺎ أﺣﺪ We now fnd public morals at a low ebb./“We are all in the gutter, but some of us are looking at the stars.” – Oscar Wilde./This group of people has been at the bottom of society, and no one cared about it./Morale among soldiers was at rock bottom. ذﻣِﺔ ﻓﻲ ِ ﱠ To be the responsibility of someone; to have an obligation towards; to be indebted; to die (when followed by God); to cease to exist or to be consigned to history. ّ ﻟﻘﺪ أﺻﺒﺢ اﻻﺗّﺤﺎد/ .ذﻣِﺔ ﷲ ذﻣِﺔ ّ اﻟﺴﻮﻓﯿﯿﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ ّ اﻟﺼﺤﻔﻲ اﻟﻜﺒﯿﺮ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺣﺴﻨﯿﻦ ھﯿﻜﻞ ﻓﻲ ّ ُ ً ﻓﺼﺎﻋﺪا ﻣﻦ اﻵن/ .ذﻣِﺔ اﻟﺘّﺎرﯾﺦ ﺗﻘﺎﻟﯿﺪ ھﺬه ﻟﻘﺪ أﺻﺒﺤﺖ/ .اﻟﺘﺎرﯾﺦ ّ اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ وأﺳﺎطﯿﺮھﺎ ﻓﻲ ِ ّ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺗﺒﯿّﻦ/ .ذﻣﺘﻲ ُ ذﻣﺘِﮫ ﺗﺠﺎه ﺳﯿﻜﻮن َ ّ ﻟﻘﺪ أﺑﺮأ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ/ .ذﻣﺘِﮫ أﻟﻒ دﯾﻨﺎر ّ أن ﻟﻚ ﻓﻲ ّ واﻟﺪاي ﻓﻲ .ﺳﺒﯿﻞ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ وطﻨِﮫ ﺑﺄﻓﻀﻞ ٍ The great journalist Muhammed Hasanain Haikal has passed away./The Soviet Union ceased to exist./The traditions and fables of this culture have been consigned to history./From now on, my parents will be my responsibility./It turned out that he owes you 1000 dinars./He acquitted himself toward his homeland in the best possible way. ﺒﺎب ﻌﺎن ﱠ ِ اﻟﺸ ِ ﻓﻲ َرْﯾ In the full bloom of youth; in the prime of youth; in the spring of life. 153 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases ّ رﯾﻌﺎن ﻓﻘﺪ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﺎ ﯾﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﻓﻌﻠﮫ ھﻮ اﻻﺳﺘﻤﺘﺎع ﺑﺤﯿﺎﺗﻚ ﻓﻲ َ ﻟﻘﺪ/ .اﻟﺸﺒﺎب ﻗﺒﻞ أن ﺗﻜﺒﺮ وﺗﺸﯿﺦ ِ ّ ُﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ّ ُ ﺷﺒﺎﺑﮭﻦ ﺗﺴﺘﮭﺪف اﻟﻨّﺴﺎء اﻟﻠﻮاﺗﻲ ﻓﻲ رﯾﻌﺎن / .ﺷﺒﺎﺑﮫ رﯾﻌﺎن اﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﺑﺼﺮهُ ﻓﻲ ُ ِ ِ ِ ّ ﻣﻤﻦ .ﺳﺎذﺟﺎت ﺑﻤﺎ ﯾﻜﻔﻲ ﻟﻼﻧﻀﻤﺎم إﻟﯿﮭﺎ ﻛﻦ ٍ The best thing to do is to enjoy your life in the bloom of youth before you are old and grey./The poet lost his eyesight in the prime of youth./The movement was targeting women in the spring of life who were naïve enough to join. ﺳﺒﯿِِﻞ َ ﻓﻲ For; in order to; for the cause; for the sake of; on the way. ّ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﯾﻦ ُ ّ إﺣﺮاز ّ ﺳﺒﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﺆﺗﻤﺮ طﺎﻟﺐ / .اﻟﺸﻘﯿﻘﯿﻦ ﺣﻞ اﻟﺨﻼﻓﺎت ﺑﯿﻦ طﻔﯿﻒ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻘﺪٍم ﺗﻢ ُ ٍ َ ّ ِ ِ ّ َاﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿّﺔ ّ ﺳﺒﯿﻞ إﺣﻼل ﻗﺎل اﻹﻣﺎم ﻓﻲ ﺧﻄﺒﺔ/ .اﻟﺴﻼم ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺪﺧﻞ وﻣﻮاﺻﻠﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ ِ ِ ّ ،أﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ّ ﺳﺒﯿﻞ ﷲ ﯾ اﻟﺠﮭﺎد ﻓﻲ ﻓﺈن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻘﺎﻟﯿﺪ أن ﻻ/ “.ُﻌﺪ ﻣﻦ أﻋﻈﻢ اﻟﻄﺎﻋﺎت َ ّ ” :اﻟﺠﻤﻌﺔ ِ ّ ﺳﺒﯿﻞ .اﻟﺘﻘﺪم ﺗﻘﻒ ﻋﻘﺒﺔً ﻓﻲ ِ Little progress has been made in order to resolve the differences between the two brotherly countries./The conference called on the Arab governments to intervene and continue to work for peace./The Imam said in his Friday sermon: “That said, Jihad for the sake of God is one of the greatest forms of obedience.”/Traditions should not stand in the way of progress. اء اء ﱠ ﻓﻲ ﱠ ِ واﻟﻀّﺮ ِ اﻟﺴّﺮ Through thick and thin; for better or worse; in good times and bad; in weal and woe. ّ ﻮع ﻣﻦ ا ّ ﻓﻲ ا ّ ﻣﻌﺎ ﻓﻲ ا ّ ﻟﺰواج وﻓﻲ ﻟﺴﺮاء ً ﻟﺸﺮاﻛِﺔ ﯾﺘﻌﯿّﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨّﺎس أن ﯾﻈﻠّﻮا ٍ أي ﻧ ّ ﻟﺴّﺮاء واﻟ ّ ﺑﻌﻀﺎ ﻓﻲ ا ﻟﻘﺪ وﻋﺪت/ .ﻀّﺮاء ﺑﻌﻀﮭﻢ ﻧﺪ ُ ً َ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺗﻌﺎھﺪوا ﻋﻠﻰ أن ﯾُﺴﺎ/ .واﻟﻀّﺮاء ّ ﻣﻌﺎ ﻓﻲ ا .ﻟﺴﺮاء واﻟﻀّﺮاء ً ﺛﻨﺎُء ﺷﻘﯿﻘﺘﮭﺎ ﺑﺄﻧّﮭﻤﺎ ﺳﺘﻜﻮﻧﺎِن In marriage and in any kind of partnership, people have to stick together through thick and thin./They were committed to stand by each other in weal and woe./Thanaa promised her sister that they would always be together in good and bad times. 154 ﺣﺮف اﻟﻔﺎء َ ﻓﻲ طْﻮِر In the process; to take shape; to evolve; to emerge. ّ ﻣﺆﺷﺮات ٌ ّ ﺗﺆﻛﺪ أن ھﻨﺎك/ .ﺣﻠﻮل ﻟﺠﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﻘﻀﺎﯾﺎ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻘﺔ طﻮر ﺻﯿﺎﻏﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺰال اﻟﻮزارةُ ﻓﻲ ٍ ِ ّ ّطﻮر اﻟﺘ ً اﻟﻀﻔﺔ طﻮر اﻟﺘّﺤﻠّﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ رﺟﻞ ﻓﻲ ُﻋﺜﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺜﺔ/ .ﺸﻜﻞ ﺟﺪﯾﺪا ھﻮ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﺎ إﻗﻠﯿﻤﯿًﺎ ِ ٍ ً ِ ِ ّ ّ .اﻟﺸﺮﻗﯿّﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﮭﺮ The ministry is still in the process of resolving all the unsettled issues./There are indications that a new regional order is evolving./A man’s decomposing body was found on the eastern bank of the river. ﺪاد ِ ﻓﻲ ِﻋ To be considered among; to be believed to be. ﺘﺼﻮر ﻗﻂ أﻧّﮫ ﺳﯿﻜﻮن ﺪاد اﻟﻘﺘﻠﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺎن ُ ّ َ ﻟﻢ ﯾ/ .ﺣﺎدث ﺗﺤﻄّﻢ اﻟﻄّﺎﺋﺮة ِ ِ رﺋﯿﺲ اﻷرﻛﺎن ﻓﻲ ِﻋ أﺳﺒﻮع ﺪاد اﻟﻤﻔﻘﻮدﯾﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺮور أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻤﺴﻮن ﻣﺎ ﯾﺰال/ .ﺪاد اﻷﻏﻨﯿﺎء ً َ ِ ﺷﺨﺼﺎ ﻓﻲ ِﻋ ِ ﻓﻲ ِﻋ ٍ .ﻋﻠﻰ اﻹﻋﺼﺎر The commander-in-chief is considered among the killed in the plane crash./ He never thought that he would become a rich man./More than 50 persons are still believed to be missing more than a week after the hurricane. دارِه ِ ﻓﻲ ُﻋْﻘِﺮ In one’s own home; on one’s own soil/ground; within the country. ّ ﯾﮭﻢ ھﻨﺎ ھﻮ ّ أن ﻋﺪو ﻓﻲ ﻋﻘﺮ داره ّإﻻ دار اﻟﻀ ُ وﻣﺎ،اﻟﻌﺪو ّ ﺿﺮب ﱞ ّ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﺎ ِ ِ ﻋﻘﺮ ِ ﺮﺑﺎت ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻓﻲ ّ / .ذل ّاﻟﻤﻨﺘﺨﺐ اﻟﺘ ّ ﺑﺘﺄﺳﯿﺲ وﻗﺎم/ .اﻟﻜﺮواﺗﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻘﺮ داره اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺨﺐ ﻮﻧﺴﻲ ﻣﻦ ھﺰﯾﻤﺔ ﺗﻤﻜﻦ ُ ّ ّ ِ ِ .اﻟﺒﻨﻚ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻨﺪن أي ﻓﻲ ﻋﻘﺮ دار اﻟﺮأﺳﻤﺎﻟﯿّﺔ But what matters here is that the strikes were right inside the enemy’s land. When the enemy is insulted in its own home./The Tunisian team was able to defeat the Croatian team on their own soil./He founded the bank in London, that is, in the heart of capitalism. 155 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases ﻀﻮن ﻓﻲ ُﻏ ِ In the meantime; in the meanwhile; in the course of; during; within; in the interim. اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻮطﻨﯿّﺔ أن ﯾﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ/ .ﻀﻮن ھﺬا اﻟﻌﺎم ﻟﻠﺒﺪء ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺘﺎج ﻓﻲ ُﻏ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺪون ﻧﺤﻦ َ ِ ِ ِ ّ ﻀﻮن ذﻟﻚ ّ ﺗﻀﻊ ّ ُﺗ طﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻠﻄﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿّﺔَ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺴ ﻻﺑﺪ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ أن اﻟﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﻤﺤﻠّّﻲ وﻓﻲ ُﻏ ُ ﺸﺠﻊ َ ِ ِ ِ وﻓﻲ ﻏﻀﻮن ذﻟﻚ ﻓﺈﻧّﻨﻲ أطﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﻠﺲ، ﻟﻘﺪ اﺳﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺲ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺼﺒﮫ/ .اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺳﺒﺔ .اﻹدارة ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻤﻨﺼﺐ We are ready to start production within the year./The national government should encourage local governance, and in the meanwhile, it should hold the local authorities accountable./The current vice-chair has stepped down from his position. In the interim, I will ask the board to appoint me to serve as vice-chair. ﻀﱢﻢ َ ِﺧ/ ﺮة ِ ﻓﻲ َﻏْﻤ In the midst of; in the throes of; amid; in the heat of something. ﻟﻲ ﺣﻮل اﻟﻤﺴﺎواِة ﺑﯿﻦ ّ ﻀﻢ اﻟﻨّﻘﺎش اﻟﺤﺎ ﻣﺎ ھﻲ اﻟﺪروس اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾُﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ أن ﻧﺘﻌﻠﻤﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ ِﺧ ﱢ ﻀﻢ ُ ﺮة ا ِ ﻛﺎن اﻟﺠﻤﯿﻊ ﯾﺼﻔّﻘﻮن وﯾﺮﻗﺼﻮن وھﻢ ﻓﻲ َﻏﻤ/ اﻟﺠﻨﺴﯿﻦ؟ وﻓﻲ ِﺧ ﱢ/ .ﻟﺠﻨﻮن / .ﻋﺮ اﻟﺠﻤﮭﻮر وأﺳﺎءت إﻟﯿﮫ ٍ ﻧﻔﺴﮭﺎ ﺑﻄﺮ َ ﯾﻘﺔ ﺟﺮﺣﺖ ﻣﺸﺎ ِ ﻟﻤﻨﺎظﺮة ﻋﺒّﺮت اﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ ُ ا ّ ّ و .ﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮة ﺮة اﻟﺠﺎﺋﺤﺔ ا ِ ﺗﻈﻞ ﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ اﻷﻏﺬﯾﺔ أھﻤﯿﺔٌ ﻗﺼﻮى ﻓﻲ َﻏﻤ In the midst of the current discussion of gender equality, what lessons can we learn?/Everyone was clapping and dancing in the throes of madness./In the heat of the debate, the offcial expressed herself in a way that hurt public sentiment./ Food safety remains paramount in the midst of the continuing pandemic. ﺴِﮫ َ َﻓﻲ ﻗ ِ ﺮارِة ﻧَ ْﻔ Deep down in one’s heart; in one’s heart of hearts. ُ ُ رﺑّﻤﺎ أﻧﺘﻘُِﺪه/ .ﺗﺮﯾﺪ أن ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﻣﻄﺮﺑﺔ ﻧﻔﺴﮭﺎ أﻧّﮭﺎ اﻟﻐﻨﺎء ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﺪأت ﻣﻨﺬ أن ِ ﺗﻌﺮف ﻓﻲ ﻗﺮارة ِ َ ﻧﻌﻠﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺮارة أﺣﯿﺎﻧًﺎ ّإﻻ أﻧّﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺮارة ﻧﻔﺴﻲ أﺣﺒّﮫ ِ ُ ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﺨﺎوف ﻷﻧّﻨﺎ/ .ﻟﻄﯿﺒﺔ ﻗﻠﺒﮫ ُ ﺗﻌﻮد ﻗﺮارة ﻧﻔﺴﻲ أن ﺗﻤﻨﯿﺖ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻄﺎﻟﻤﺎ/ .أﻧﻔﺴﻨﺎ أﻧّﮫ ﻻ ﯾﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺘّﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ھﺬه اﻟﻘﻀﺎﯾﺎ َ ِ .إﻟﻲ طﻠﯿﻘﺘﻲ ّ 156 ﺣﺮف اﻟﻔﺎء Since she began singing, she always knew deep down that she wanted to be a professional singer./I may criticise him sometimes, but deep down in my heart, I love him for his kind heart./We are having these anxieties because we know deep down that we should not be dealing with these issues./I always hoped in my heart of hearts that my ex-wife would come back. ﻀِﺔ َﻋْﯿﻦ َ ﻓﻲ َﻏْﻤ/ ﺼِﺮ َ َﺢ اﻟﺒ ِ ﻓﻲ ﻟَ ْﻤ Quick as a fash; in the blink of an eye; in no time. ًاﻟﻤﺼﻮر ﺻﻮرةً راﺋﻌﺔ ُ ّ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻏﻤﻀﺔ ﻋﯿﻦ اﻟﺘﻘﻂ وﻓﻲ/ .ﺎروخ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔَ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻤﺢ اﻟﺒﺼﺮ اﻟﺼ ّ ِ ّ وﺣﻞ ﻋﻠﯿﻨﺎ ّ اﻟﺠﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻤﺢ اﻟﺒﺼﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ واﺧﺘﻔﻲ/ .اﻟﺼﯿﻒ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻤﺢ اﻟﺒﺼﺮ ھﺬا اﻟﻌﺎم / .ﻟﻠﻔﮭﺪ ّ ّ ﻗﺎم اﻟﻠ/ .أن ﺣﻘّﻖ ﻟﮫ أﻣﻨﯿﺎﺗﮫ اﻟﺜّﻼﺛﺔ .اﻟﺨﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻤﺢ اﻟﺒﺼﺮ ﺼﻮص ﺑﻔﺘﺢ ُ ِ The rocket crossed the distance in the blink of an eye./Quick as a fash, the photographer captured a magnifcent picture of the cheetah./Summer has arrived in the blink of an eye this year./The genie disappeared in the blink of an eye after he granted him the three wishes./The thieves opened the safe in no time. َﻨﺎوِل اﻟﯿَِﺪ َ ﻓﻲ ُﻣﺘ At one’s disposal; within reach; at hand; at one’s beck and call; to be available. ُ ُ اﻟﻌﻼج ﻓﻲ وﺳﯿﻜﻮن / .ﯾﺪه ﻟﻘﺪ اﻋﺘﺎد ُ ِ اﻻﺑﻦ اﻟﻤﺪﻟّﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﻮد ﺳﯿﺎرات ﻓﺎرھﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺘﻨﺎول ّ / .ﯾﺪ اﻟﺠﻤﯿﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻏﻀﻮن اﻟﻌﻘﺪ اﻟﻘﺎدم ﯾﺪ ِ إن ﻛﺘﺐ اﻟﻤﻨﺎھﺞ اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺜﺔ ﻟﯿﺴﺖ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺘﻨﺎول ِ ﻣﺘﻨﺎول .اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄّّﻼب The spoiled son was used to having luxury cars at his disposal./A cure will be available to everyone within the next decade./New textbooks are not within reach for many students. ﯾﺚ َ ض ِ اﻟﺤِﺪ ِ ﻓﻲ َﻣْﻌِﺮ While one is talking about; in quote while talking; in the course of speaking. ﺎم اﻟﺒﺮﻟﻤﺎن ﻧﺒّﮫَ اﻟﻮزﯾُﺮ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔَ إﻟﻰ ﺿﺮورة ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻣﺴﺎر ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺘﮭﺎ ِ وﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﺮض ﺣﺪ َ ﯾﺜﮫ أﻣ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﺮض ﺣﺪﯾﺜﮭﻢ/ .ﯾﺚ ﻋﻦ ھﺬه اﻷﻣﻮر ِ ﻟﺴﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﺮض اﻟﺤﺪ/ .ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪات اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﯿّﺔ ّ ﻟﺴﻼح ﻓ ّ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺒﯿﻌﺎت ا .ت وﺣﻘﻮق اﻹﻧﺴﺎن ِ ﺈن اﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﯿﻦ اﻟﻐﺮﺑﯿﯿﻦ ﯾﺮﺑﻄﻮَن ﺑﯿﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﺒﯿﻌﺎ 157 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases Speaking before the parliament, the minister cautioned the government about the need to change track on its foreign aid policy./We are not here to talk about these matters./When they talk about arms sales, Western offcials link these sales with human rights. اﻟﻌُﻤِﺮ ُ ﻓﻲ ُﻣْﻘﺘَﺒَ ِﻞ In the prime of life; to be young. ﺗﻘﺎﻋﺪ / .ﻣﻘﺘﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﻧﻮﺑﺎت ﻗﻠﺒﯿّﺔ وھﻢ ﻓﻲ أﺷﺨﺎص ﯾﻌﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﻦ ﯾﻌﺪ ﻏﺮﯾﺒًﺎ أن ﻧﺴﻤﻊ ﻋﻦ ُ ﻟﻢ َ ٍ ِ ٍ ّ ﻣﻌﺘﺮك ٌ ﻣﻘﺘﺒﻞ ﺷﺎب ﻓﻲ ﺑﺤﯿﺎة ﺷﺠﺎر ﺑﯿﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺘﯿﻦ أودى/ .ﻣﻘﺘﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﻤﺮ اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺳﺔ وھﻮ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻦ ﱟ ِ ِ ِ ِ .ﻣﻘﺘﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﻤﺮ رﺟﺎل اﻟﺪﯾﻦ دراﺳﺘﮭﻢ اﻟﺪﯾﻨﯿّﺔ وھﻢ ﻓﻲ ﯾﺒﺪأ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ/ .اﻟﻌﻤﺮ ِ ِ It is no longer uncommon to hear of people in the prime of their lives who suffer from heart attacks./He retired from politics when he was young./A fght between two families claimed the life of a young man./Many clerics start their religious studies in the prime of their lives. ﯾﺢ ّ ﻓﻲ َﻣَﮭﱢﺐ ِ اﻟﺮ To be at stake; to be in jeopardy; to be on the line; to be on the brink of collapse or failure. ﻓﻘﺪ أﺻﺒﺤﺖ اﻟﮭﺪﻧﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ دﺧﻠﺖ رﺳﻤﯿًّﺎ ﺣﯿّﺰ،ﻣﻊ اﺳﺘﻤﺮار اﻻﺗّﮭﺎﻣﺎت ﺑﺎرﺗﻜﺎب اﻧﺘﮭﺎﻛﺎت ّ / .اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ ﻓﻲ اﻷﺳﺒﻮع اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﮭﺐ اﻟﺮﯾﺢ ﻧﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي إن اﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﯿّﺔ ﻓﻲ ﱢ ُ ﻣﮭﺐ اﻟﺮﯾﺢ وﻻ ّ ﺳﺘﺠﺪ ّ / .اﻻﺋﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ُ إن اﻧﺨﻔﺎض ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻔﮭﺎ ﻣﮭﺐ اﻟﺮﯾﺢ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻧﻔﺴﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ / .ﺳﯿﺤﺪث ﱢ َ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ّ ِ .ﻣﮭﺐ اﻟﺮﯾﺢ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﻘﻮاﻧﯿﻦ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪة اﻵﻻف ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮظﺎﺋﻒ ﻓﻲ ﱢ The truce which offcially came into force last week is in jeopardy as accusations of violations fy./The agreement is up in the air, and we do not know what is going to happen./The company will fnd itself on the brink of collapse as its credit rating will fall./Thousands of jobs are on the line because of the new laws. ﻄﺎف ِ اﻟﻤ َ ﻓﻲ ﻧِﮭﺎﯾَِﺔ When all is said and done; eventually; ultimately; in the end. ّ ﻟﺪي ﻟﯿﺲ ﱠ/ .ﻣﻤﺘﻊ ﻣﻊ أﺣﺒﺎﺋﻚ ﺷﻚ ﻓﻲ أﻧّﮫ وﻗﺖ ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﺎف ﻻ ﺷﻲء ﯾُﻀﺎھﻲ ﻗﻀﺎء وﻓﻲ ٍ ِ ٍ ُ ّ ّﺳﯿﺘﻢ اﻟﺘ إدارة ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﺎف إﻟﻰ اﻟﻘﺮار ﻓﻲ وﺳﯿﻌﻮد / .ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﺎف اﺗﻔﺎق ﻓﻲ ﻮﺻﻞ إﻟﻰ ُ ّ ِ ِ ِ ٍ 158 ﺣﺮف اﻟﻔﺎء ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ اﻷﺧﻄﺎء اﻟﻨﺎس ﻓﻲ ﻏﺎﻟﺒًﺎ ﻣﺎ ﯾﻔﺸﻞ/ .ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﺎف وﺳﺎدت اﻟﺤﻘﯿﻘﺔُ ﻓﻲ / .اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ ُ ِ ِ ِ َ ّ اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﻲ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﺎف إﻟﻰ ﻋﺪم ﯾﺆدي ﺑﮭﻢ ﻓﻲ ﯾﻘﻮﻣﻮن ﺑﮭﺎ أﺛﻨﺎء اﺗّﺒﺎﻋﮭﻢ ﻟﻠﻨّﻈﺎم اﻟﺘﻲ َ ّ ِ .ﺑﮫ ﻗﺪرﺗﮭﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ِ اﻻﻟﺘﺰام ِ When all is said and done, there is nothing quite like spending quality time with your loved ones./I have no doubt that an agreement will eventually be reached./Ultimately, the decision rests with the school management./In the end, the truth prevailed./People often fail to notice the mistakes they make while dieting, which eventually leads to them not being able to stick to the plan. اﻟﺼَﺪد ﻓﻲ ھﺬا ﱠ In this regard; in this respect; in relation to this. ُ وﻟﻢ ّ ّ وﻓﻲ ھﺬا/ .اﻟﺼﺪد ّ ﺳﻤﻲ ﻣﺎ ﯾﻘﻮﻟﮫ ﻓﻲ ھﺬا ّ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪث اﻟﺼﺪد ﻓﻘﺪ اﺗّﻔﻘﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﯾﻜﻦ ﻟﺪى ّ اﻟﺮ ّ اﻟﺼﺪد ّ وﻓﻲ ھﺬا/ .اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺎت ﺣﻮل ھﺬه اﻟﻘﻀﯿّﺔ ﻗﺮﯾﺒًﺎ ﻻﻋﺐ اﻟﻜﺮة ﺗﺤﺪث اﻟﻘﯿﺎم ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺰﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ ُ ِ ﱢ .اﻟﻤﺨﺪرات إدﻣﺎﻧﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺼﺮاﺣﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ِ The spokesperson had nothing to say in this regard./In this respect, we have agreed that further discussions will take place on this matter soon./In relation to this, the footballer opened up about his drug addictions. ﮭﺎر َ ﻓﻲ َو ِ ﺢ اﻟﻨﱠ ِ ﺿ In broad daylight. ُوأﺻﯿﺐ اﻟﻀﺤﯿﺔ ّ ﺑﺠﺮوح ﺟﺮاء ﻟﻄﻌﻨﺎت ﺿﮫ ُﻌﻠﻨﺎن ﻛﺎﻧﺎ ﯾ/ .وﺿﺢ اﻟﻨّﮭﺎر ﺳﻜﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ َ ِ ِ ﺗﻌﺮ ٍ ِ ٍ ّ اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﯾﺴﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ ّ اﻟﺸﺎرع وﺷﻮھﺪ / .اﻟﻤﺎرة وﺿﺢ اﻟﻨّﮭﺎر وﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮأى وﻣﺴﻤﻊ ُ َ َ ﻋﺸﻘﮭﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ّ ﺣﻮزﺗﮫ .وﺿﺢ اﻟﻨﮭﺎر وﻓﻲ َ ﻣﺴﺪس ﻓﻲ ِ The victim suffered knife wounds after he was attacked in broad daylight./ They were showing their love in broad daylight and in full view of passersby./ The man was seen in possession of a gun walking down the street in broad daylight. 159 ق ﺣﺮف اﻟﻘﺎف ﺳْﯿِﻦ أَ ْو أَ ْدﻧﻰ َ َ ﻗﺎب ﻗَ ْﻮ To become imminent; very close; on the brink of; around the corner; within striking distance. ّ / .إن اﻟﻜﺎرﺛﺔ ﺑﺎﺗﺖ ﻗﺎب ﻗﻮﺳﯿﻦ أو أدﻧﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺪوث ّ إن اﻟﺒﺸﺮﯾﺔ أﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﻗﺎب ﻗﻮﺳﯿﻦ أو ّ / .ﻧﻈﯿﻔﺔ وﻣﺴﺘﺪاﻣﺔ / .إن اﻟﺒﺮﻛﺎن ﻗﺎب ﻗﻮﺳﯿﻦ أو أدﻧﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻻﻧﻔﺠﺎر طﺎﻗﺔ أدﻧﻰ ﻣﻦ إﻧﺘﺎج ٍ ٍ ّ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﻗﺎب ﻗﻮﺳﯿﻦ أو أدﻧﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻄﻮﯾﺮ اﻟﻠّﻘﺎح وھﻲ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﻜﻮن ّ أﺻﺒﺤﺖ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻮﺣﯿﺪة ﻓﻲ .طﻮرت ھﺬا اﻟﻨّﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﻠّﻘﺎﺣﺎت ّ اﻟﻌﺎﻟَﻢ اﻟﺘﻲ The catastrophe is becoming imminent./Humankind is very close to being able to produce sustainable, clean energy./The volcano is on the brink of an eruption./The company is very close to developing a vaccine, and that makes it the only company in the world that has developed this type of vaccine. وان ِ َﻗَ ْﺒَﻞ اﻷ Prematurely. ٌ ّ ٌدراﺳﺎت ﻋﻠﻤﯿﺔ ّ أن أﻋﺮاض ﻧﻘﺺ اﻻﻧﺘﺒﺎه ﺗﻈﮭﺮ ﻻﺣﻘًﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷطﻔﺎل اﻟﻤﻮﻟﻮدﯾﻦ ﺗﺪﻋﻲ َ ّ ﻛﺘﺐ ا، ﻓﻲ رﺛﺎء ﺻﺪﯾﻘﮫ/ .ﻗﺒﻞ اﻷوان / “ﺎدرت اﻟﺤﯿﺎةَ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻷوان ﯾﺎ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻲ؟ ﻟﺮواﺋّﻲ ”ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻏ .ﺑﺸﺤﻨﮫ وھﻮ أﺧﻀﺮ وﯾﻘﻮﻣﻮن ﺑﻘﻄﻒ اﻟﻤﻮز ﻗﺒﻞ اﻷوان اﻟﻤﺰارﻋﻮن ﯾﻘﻮم َ َ ِ ِ ُ Scientifc studies claim that some children born prematurely show later attention defcits./In tribute to his late friend, the novelist wrote: “Why did you leave life prematurely, my friend?”/Farmers harvest their bananas prematurely and ship them while they are still green. 160 DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-22 ﺣﺮف اﻟﻘﺎف وان ِ َﻗَ ْﺒَﻞ ﻓ ِ َﻮات اﻷ Before it is too late. ّ ﯾﺠﺐ أن ّ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺘّﺸﺨﯿﺺ ﺤﻲ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪ أن ﯾﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ/ .ﺗﻔﻜﺮ ﻣﻠﯿًّﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻮاﻗﺐ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻓﻮات اﻷوان ُ ّ اﻟﺼ ُ َ ّ ﯾﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ أن ﺗﺘ/ .ﯾُﻨﻘﺬ اﻷرواح ﻗﺒﻞ ﻓﻮات اﻷوان إﺟﺮاءات ﻟﻤﻮاﺟﮭﺔ اﻟﺒﻄﺎﻟﺔ ﺨﺬ ٍ ّ ﺑﯿﻦ .اﻟﺸﺒﺎب ﻗﺒﻞ ﻓﻮات اﻷوان You need to ponder about the consequences before it is too late./The new health diagnosis system could save lives before it is too late./The government should take measures to fight youth unemployment before it is too late. ﻄﺎع ْ اﻟﻤ ُ ﻗَ ْﺪُر ِ َ ﺴﺘ As much as possible; as far as possible; while somebody can; as much as one can. ﱡ ﺟﺪﯾﺪة إﺟﺮاءات ﺗﻢ ﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬ ﺣﻔﯿﺪه ﺑﺄن اﻟﻤﺴﻦ اﻟﺮﺟﻞ أوﺻﻰ ُ َ ٍ ٍ َ ّ / .ﯾﺄﻛﻞ ﺑﯿﺪه اﻟﯿُﻤﻨﻰ ﻗﺪر اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻄﺎع ّ ً ﺗﺘﻜﺮرﻣﺜﻞ ھﺬه اﻟﺤﻮادث ّ إﻧّﮫ ﯾﺴﻌﻰ ﺑﻘﺪر اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻄﺎع ﻟﺠﻤﻊ/ .أﺑﺪا ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻗﺪر اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻄﺎع ﺑﺄن ﻻ .ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺘﮫ اﻟﻤﺎل ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ اﻟﻔﻘﺮاء ﻓﻲ ِ The old man commanded his grandson to eat with his right hand as much as possible./New procedures have been implemented to make sure, as far as possible, that this type of accident never happens again./ He wants to do as much as he can to raise money for the poor in his community. ُ َدﻧﺎ أَ َﺟﻠُﮫ/ ب َ ﻗَ ُﺮ One’s time is drawing near; at death’s door; to approach one’s end. ّ رﺛﻰ/ .أﺟﻠﮫ ّ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﻦ ﺑﻘﺼﯿﺪة ﻧﻔﺴﮫ ﺎﻋﺮ ﻟﻘﺪ أﺧﺒﺮﻧﻲ ﺑﺸﻌﻮره ﺑﺎﻗﺘﺮاب ُ اﻟﺸ ٍ َ اﻟﺮﯾﺐ ّ ِ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ؟ ھﻞ ﻗﺮب أﺟﻞ اﻟﻨّﻈﺎم/ .ُطﻮﯾﻠﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻗﺮب أﺟﻠﮫ ٍ ّ He told me that he felt his time was drawing near./The Arab poet Malik bin Al-Reyb lamented himself with a long poem when he was at death’s door./Is the world order approaching its end? 161 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases ُﻗَ ﱠﺮْت َﻋْﯿﻨُﮫ To be delighted; to be profoundly relieved; to be full of relief and joy. ّ / .أرض اﻟﻮطﻦ ّ ﻗﺮت ﻋﯿﻮن اﻟﻨّﺎس ﺑﻌﻮدة ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ّ ﻟﻘﺪ اﻟﻮاﻟﺪﯾﻦ ﻗﺮت ﻋﯿﻨﺎ ﻤﻮ اﻷﻣﯿﺮ إﻟﻰ ّ اﻟﺴ ِ ِ ُ واﻟﺪﺗﮫ وھﻲ ّ / .ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ وﺟﺪا أوﻻدھﻤﺎ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﯿﻦ .ﺗﻘﻒ أﻣﺎﻣﮫ ﻗﺮت ﻋﯿﻨﮫ ﺑﺮؤﯾﺔ ِ The people were delighted with the return of His Excellency the Emir to his homeland./Parents were profoundly relieved when they found their children safe and well./He was exceedingly delighted when he saw his mother standing in front of him. ُﻗَﺴﺎ ﻗَ ْﻠﺒُﮫ To harden one’s own heart toward someone or something; to be heartless or cruel. ٌ ﻓﮭﻲ ﻟﻄﯿﻔﺔ، أﺧﺘﻲ ﺳﺘُﺼﯿﺒﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻨﻮن/ .ﯾﻘﺲ ﻗﻠﺒﮫُ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻵﺧﺮﯾﻦ ُ ﻟﻢ ﯾﺤﻤﻞ واﻟﺪهُ ﺿﻐﯿﻨﺔً وﻟﻢ ّ / .ﻟﺤﻈﺔ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﻣﺰﻋﺠﺔً وﻗﺎﺳﯿﺔَ اﻟﻘﻠﺐ .ﯾﻮﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﯾﻮم وﻣﺘﻌﺎطﻔﺔ وﻟﻜﻨّﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ ٍ ً ًإن ﻗﻠﺒﮫُ ﯾﺰداد ﻗﺴﻮة His father never bore hard feelings or hardened his heart against others./My sister is driving me crazy; she can be nice and compassionate, and then one minute later, she is annoying and heartless./His heart is becoming harder day after day. َ ﺼَﻢ ُظْﮭَﺮه َ َﻗ To break someone’s backbone; to break someone’s back; to fnish or terminate someone. ّ إﻧّﮭﺎ/ .اﻟﻌﺪو اﻟﻘﺸﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺼﻤﺖ ظﮭﺮ اﻟﮭﺠﻮم ﻟﻘﺪ ﻗﺼﻢ ظﮭﺮ اﻟﻔﺴﺎد ﺼَﻢ ُ ّ َ َ ِ ُ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻗ/ .ظﮭﺮ اﻟﺒﻌﯿﺮ ُ .ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ The attack broke the backbone of the enemy./It is the straw that broke the camel’s back./Corruption was eliminated in the government. ْ ﺾ َﻣ ﻗَ ﱠ ُﻀَﺠَﻌﮫ To give somebody a sleepless night; to make someone feel deeply concerned; to lose sleep over something. 162 ﺣﺮف اﻟﻘﺎف ُﺖ اﻻﻧﺘﻔﺎﺿﺔ ّ ّ ﯾﻘﺾ ﻣﻀﺠﻌﻨﺎ ھﻮ ﺗﻘﺎﻋﺲ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ّ / .اﻟﺤﻜﺎم ّ ّ ﻟﻘﺪ وﻟﻲ ﻋﻦ إن ﻣﺎ ﻣﻀﺠﻊ َ ّ اﻟﺪ ِ ﻗﻀ ّ / .ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﻔﻘﺮ ّ .ﯾﻘﺾ ﻣﻀﺠﻌﻲ ھﻮ ﻗﻠﻘﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ أوﻻدي إن أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺎ ِ The uprising gave the rulers sleepless nights./We are deeply concerned by the inaction of the world community in tackling poverty./What concerns me most is the future of my children. ُﻗَﻀﻰ َدْﯾﻨَﮫ To pay off one’s debt. ّ ﻷﺗﻘﺪم ّ ّ / .ُﻣﻦ ﻗﻀﻰ َدﯾﻨَﮫُ ﻧﺎﻣﺖ ﻋﯿﻨُﮫ ّ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﺮ أﻏﺘﻨﻢ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ أود أن ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎھﻢ ﻣﻦ أوﻻد َ ّ ﻋﻤﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺗﻲ ﻟﻘﻀﺎء اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﻦ أﻋﻠﻨﺖ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔُ اﺳﺘﻘﻼﻟﮭﺎ / .ﺑﺬﻣﺔ وﻟﺪي ّ ّ اﻟﺪْﯾﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺮﺗّﺐ ّ ِ ّ ﺻﻨﺪوق اﻟﻨّﻘﺪ ْ وﻟﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ أن ﻗﻀﺖ .اﻷﺟﻨﺒﻲ دﯾﻨﮭﺎ ّ ّ اﻟﺪ He who has paid his debts can sleep well./I would like to take this opportunity to thank my cousins who helped me pay off the outstanding debt of my son./The government declared its fnancial independence from the IMF after it paid off the state’s foreign debt. ُﻗَﻀﻰ ﻧَ ْﺤﺒَﮫ To die; to pass away. ً ﻟﻘﺪ ﻗﻀﻰ ﻧﺤﺒﮫ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ/ .أﻣﻮاج اﻟﻤﺤﯿﻂ اﻟﮭﺎدئ ﻗﻀﺖ اﻣﺮأةٌ ﻧﺤﺒﮭﺎ ﻏﺮﻗًﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ أن اﺑﺘﻠﻌﺘﮭﺎ ُ ً اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺒﯿﺪ ﻧﺤﺒﮭﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺮة .ﺑﻌﯿﺪا ﻋﻦ أوطﺎﻧﮭﻢ ﻗﻀﻰ/ .ﻟﻤﻀﺎﻋﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﺮض ُ ِ A woman died from drowning after being swept into the Pacifc Ocean by waves./He died due to complications from the disease./Many slaves passed away far from home on the island. ﻗَﻀﻰ َوطََﺮهُ ِﻣﻦ To accomplish one’s desire from someone or something; to fulfl one’s desire; to achieve one’s need or goal. ّ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻗﻀﺖ وطﺮھﺎ ﻣﻦ/ .ﺗﺮﻛﮭﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ أن ﻗﻀﻰ وطﺮه ﻣﻨﮭﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ أن ﻗﻀﻰ/ .اﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﺣﻮل اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ّ ّ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺗُﻮﻓّﻲ وﻟﻢ/ .اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﮭﻢ ﻟﯿﺆﺳﺴﻮا أﻋﻤﺎﻟﮭﻢ اﻟﻤﻮظﻔﻮن وطﺮھﻢ ﻣﻦ وظﺎﺋﻔﮭﻢ ﻏﺎدروھﺎ َ .ﯾﻘﺾ وطﺮه ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﯿﺎة ِ 163 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases He left her after he got what he wanted from her./She accomplished her desire to travel the world./After they accomplished their needs, the employees abandoned their jobs and started their own businesses./He died without achieving his goals in life. ﻜﺎرِه ِ ﺳْﻠ ِ / ﻗَﻄََﻊ َﺣْﺒَﻞ ِ ﺴﻠَﺔَ أَ ْﻓ To lose one’s train of thought; to interrupt one’s train of thought. ْ ُ ﺣﺒﻞ أﻓﻜﺎر ﺑﺪأت ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻣﺎ إن ُ اﻧﻘﻄﻊ/ .ﺣﺒﻞ أﻓﻜﺎرھﺎ َ ﺻﻮت اﻟﮭﺎﺗﻒ اﻟﻨﻘّﺎل ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ْ ُ ُ ﺑﻤﺠﺮد أن ﻗﺎطﻌﮫ ّ ّ اﻟﺼﻮت وھﻲ ﺗُﻌﻠﻦ وﺻﻮل ﻣﻜﺒﺮات ﻗﻄﻌﺖ / .أﺣﺪ اﻟﻄّﻼب اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺿﺮ .ﺣﺒﻞ أﻓﻜﺎره َ اﻟﻘﻄﺎر As soon as she started writing, her cell phone ringing made her lose her train of thought./The lecturer lost his train of thought once a student interrupted him./The loudspeakers announcing the arrival of the train interrupted his train of thought. ﻗَﻄََﻊ داﺑَِﺮ To eradicate something; to root out something. ّ / .داﺑﺮ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر اﻟﻔﯿﺮوس ّ اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎت ّ ﺗﻘﻮم إن ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻖ ﺟﺪﯾﺪة ﻛﻲ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺼّﺤﯿّﺔ ﺑﺘﻄﺒﯿﻖ ٍ ٍ َ ﺗﻘﻄﻊ َ ُ ّ ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﺤﻜﻢ ّ ّ / .ﯾﻤﻘﺮاطﻲ ﺳﯿُﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻄﻊ داﺑﺮ اﻟﻌﻨﻒ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻼد اﻟﺪ اﻟﺤﻖ ﺳﯿﻘﻄﻊ إن ﺳﯿﻒ ّ ّ داﺑﺮ ّ / .اﻟﺸﺮ .إن ھﯿﺌﺔ اﻟﻨّﺰاھﺔ ﻋﺎزﻣﺔٌ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻄﻊ داﺑﺮ اﻟﻔﺴﺎد ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ The health authorities are implementing new regulations to eradicate the spread of the virus./The implementation of democratic governance programs will help to eradicate the violence in the country./The sword of truth will root out evil./The Integrity Commission is determined to root out corruption in the government. ق َ ﻗَﻄََﻊ ِرْز To cut off the livelihood of someone. ُ ﻗﻮات اﻻﺣﺘﻼل ﺑﺈﻏﻼق اﻟﻤﯿﻨﺎء ﻛﻲ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ اﻧﺨﻔﺎض ﻣﺴﺘﻮى ّأدى/ .ﺎس رزﻗﮭﻢ ُ َ ِ ّﺗﻘﻄﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨ ّ ﺣﻈﺮ اﻟﺒﯿﻊ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻮارع ﻟﻘﺪ ّأدى/ .رزق ﻋﺮب اﻷھﻮار اﻟﻤﯿﺎه إﻟﻰ اﻷھﻮار إﻟﻰ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺗﺪﻓّﻖ ُ ِ ِ .رزق اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨّﺎس إﻟﻰ ﻗﻄﻊ ِ 164 ﺣﺮف اﻟﻘﺎف The occupying troops closed the port to cut off the people’s livelihood./The reduced water fow to the marshes has cut off the livelihood of the Marsh Arabs./The ban on street selling has cut off the livelihood of many people. ﻘﯿﻦ ﻗَﻄَ َﻊ ﱠ ِ َاﻟﺸﱠﻚ ﺑِﺎﻟﯿ To dispel or replace doubt with certitude; to let the truth speak for itself; to let the facts speak for themselves; to dispel myths with facts; to eliminate doubt with certainty; to clear up doubts; to prove with evidence. ّ ﻗﻄﻊ/ .اﻟﺸﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﯿﻘﯿﻦ ﺣﻮل َﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺐ اﻟﻤﺨﻄﻮطﺎت اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻮن ﻣﺎ ﯾﻜﻔﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻷدﻟّﺔ ﻟﻘﻄﻊ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺟﻤﻊ َ ّ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺘﮫ رﺳﻤﯿًّﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﻈّﻤﺔ ّ ﻗﺮار ﺟﺎء/ .اﻟﺪوﻟﯿّﺔ اﻟﺸﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﯿﻘﯿﻦ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ أﻋﻠﻦ اﻧﺴﺤﺎب اﻟﻤﺴﺆول ُ ِ ّ ّ اﻟﺴﺠﯿﻦ ّ اﻟﺸﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﯿﻘﯿﻦ ﺣﻮل أﺳﺒﺎب وﻓﺎة .ﯿﺎﺳﻲ ﯾﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﺘّﺸﺮﯾﺢ ﻛﻲ َ ّ اﻟﺴ Researchers have collected enough evidence to replace doubts with certitude regarding the person who wrote the scripts./The offcial had dispelled doubt with certitude when he announced his government’s formal withdrawal from the international organisation./The autopsy was ordered to dispel doubt with certitude about what caused the death of the political prisoner. ً طﻮﯾﻼ ﺷْﻮطًﺎ َ ﻗَﻄََﻊ To have come a long way. ًطﻮﯾﻼ ﻓﻲ أن ﯾﺠﻌﻞ ﻣﺪارﺳﮫ ﻣﺘﺎﺣﺔ ً ُ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻗﻄﻌﻨﺎ ﺷﻮطًﺎ/ .ﻟﻤﺰﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘّﻼﻣﯿﺬ اﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﺷﻮطًﺎ ٍ ً .اﻟﺨﻤﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﯿﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﺮاﺗﯿﺠﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪى اﻷﻋﻮام طﻮﯾﻼ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻮارﻧﺎ ّ ِ The country has come a long way in making its schools available to more pupils./We have come a long way in our strategic dialogue over the past fve years. ﻗَﻄََﻊ َﻋْﮭًﺪا To pledge to do something; to pledge one’s self; to vow. ً اﻟﻤﺮﺷﺢ ً ﻟﻘﺪ ﻗﻄﻌﻨﺎ ﯾﻜﻮن ﺗﻮﻓﯿﺮ ﻋﮭﺪا ﺑﺄن وﻗﻄﻊ/ .ﻧﺤﻤﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺑﻠﺪﻧﺎ أﻧﻔﺴﻨﺎ ﺑﺄن ُ َ ِ ﻋﮭﺪا ﻋﻠﻰ َ ّ ً ﻛﻞ أﻋﻀﺎء اﻟﺠﻤﻌﯿّﺔ ّ وﻗﺪ ﻗﻄﻊ/ .اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ اﻟﻤﻀﻤﻮن ﻋﻠﻰ رأس أوﻟﻮﯾّﺎﺗﮫ ﻋﮭﺪا ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺪﺧﻞ ّ ﯾﺴﺎھﻢ ﱡ .واﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﮭﻢ ﺑﻌﺸﺮة دراھﻢ ﺷﮭﺮﯾًﺎ ﻟﮭﺬا اﻟﻐﺮض ﻛﻞ أﻧﻔﺴﮭﻢ ﺑﺄن ٍ َ 165 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases We pledged ourselves to protect the interest of our country./The candidate has pledged that providing a guaranteed basic income for all citizens will be his top priority./Each member of the society pledged himself to contribute ten dirhams every month to this purpose. اﻟﻤَﺠِﻦ َ َﺐ أ َ َﻗَﻠ ِ ﻟَﮫُ ظَْﮭَﺮ/ دار To turn a cold shoulder to someone; to turn one’s back to someone; to abandon. ّ ﺗﻢ اﻟﺘّﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻣﻌﮫُ ﻣﻦ ﻗِﺒﻞ ﻗﻠﺐ/ .اﻟﺸﺮطﺔ ّ أدار أﺻﺪﻗﺎؤه ﻟﮫ ظﮭﺮ اﻟﻤﺠﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ أن ﻋﻠﻤﻮا ﺑﺄﻧّﮫ ُ ﺳﺒﺄ/ .ﯾﻮاﺟﮭﻮن ﻣﺼﯿﺮھﻢ ﺑﺄﻧﻔﺴﮭﻢ ﺟﮭﺎز اﻟﻤﺨﺎﺑﺮات ظﮭﺮ اﻟﻤﺠﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻌﺎوﻧﯿﻦ ﻣﻌﮫ وﺗﺮﻛﮭﻢ َ ّ وﺗﺮﻛﺘﮭﺎ ﺗﺤﺖ رﺣﻤﺔ رﻣﺎل،ﻣﻤﻠﻜﺔٌ ﻗﻠﺒﺖ ﻟﮭﺎ اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﺔُ ظﮭﺮ اﻟﻤﺠﻦ .اﻟﺼﺤﺮاء His friends turned a cold shoulder to him when they knew the police interrogated him./The intelligence agency has turned a cold shoulder to its collaborators and left them to face their fate on their own./Sheba was a kingdom that was abandoned by nature and left at the mercy of the sands of the desert. ﻮازﯾﻦ ﺐ َﻣ َ َ َﻗَﻠ To tip the scale; tip the balance. ّ اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺳﺔ ﻟﺼﺎﻟﺢ اﻟﻘﻮى ُ ّ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدي إﻟﻰ ﻗﻠﺐ ﻣﻮازﯾﻦ ّ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ/ .اﻟﺸﻤﻮﻟﯿّﺔ اﻟﻜﺴﺎد ّأدى ُ ﻣﺤﺎوﻻت اﻟﻨّﻈﺎم ّأدت/ .إﺣﺪى اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﻠﺒﺖ ﻣﻮازﯾﻦ اﻟﺘّﺎرﯾﺦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﻌﺸﺮﯾﻦ .ﻣﻨﺠﺰاﺗﮫ إﻟﻰ ﻗﻠﺐ ﻣﻮازﯾﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻟﺘﻀﺨﯿﻢ ِ The recession tipped the balance of politics in favour of totalitarian powers./ The Internet was one of the factors that tipped the balance of history in the 20th century./Infating the achievements of the regime tipped the balance of society. ﻗَ ْﻠﺒًﺎ َوﻗﺎﻟَﺒًﺎ Root-and-branch; completely; in full; heart and soul; inside and out. ّ ﯾﺘﻢ ّ ﯾﺠﺐ أن/ .إن ﻣﻨﮭﺠﯿّﺔ اﻟﺒﺮوﻓﺴﻮر ﻏﯿﺮ ﻋﻠﻤﯿّﺔ إﻟﻰ درﺟﺔ أﻧّﮭﺎ ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﺗُﺮﻓﺾ ﻗﻠﺒًﺎ وﻗﺎﻟﺒًﺎ ّ إﺻﻼح آﻟﯿﺎت / .أﻣﯿﺮﻛﯿّﺔ ﻗﻠﺒًﺎ وﻗﺎﻟﺒًﺎ- ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺨﻄّﺔ أﻧﻜﻠﻮ/ .اﻟﺼﺮف اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﯿّﺔ ﻗﻠﺒًﺎ وﻗﺎﻟﺒًﺎ .أﻧﺖ ﺟﻤﯿﻠﺔٌ ﻗﻠﺒًﺎ وﻗﺎﻟﺒًﺎ َ ﻟﻘﺪ ِ / .آﻣﻦ واﻟﺪي ﻗﻠﺒًﺎ وﻗﺎﻟﺒًﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺪاﻟﺔ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿّﺔ 166 ﺣﺮف اﻟﻘﺎف The professor’s methodology is so unscientifc that it must be rejected root and branch./The public expenditure mechanisms should be overhauled root and branch./The plan was Anglo-American in root and branch./My father believed heart and soul in social justice./You are beautiful inside and out. ﺷﺄْ ِن َ ﻗَﻠﱠ َﻞ ِﻣْﻦ To play down something; to belittle someone. ُ ّ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰي ﻣﻦ ﺷﺄن ﺗﺨﻔﯿﺾ ّ ﯾﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﯿﻚ أن ﺗﺘﻮﻗّﻒ/ .اﻟﻀﺮاﺋﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎد اﻟﺒﻨﻚ ﻗﻠّﻞ ُ اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻒ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﯿﻦ اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﯾﻘﻠّﻠﻮن ﻣﻦ ﺷﺄن ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ اﻟﺠﻮاﻧﺐ اﻧﺘﻘﺪ/ .ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘّﻘﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺄن اﻵﺧﺮﯾﻦ ّ .اﻟﯿﻮﻣﻲ ﻟﺪى اﻟﻨّﺎس اﻟﺮوﺣﯿّﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﻘﻠﻖ ّ The central bank downplayed the effects of tax cuts on the economy./You have to stop belittling other people./The author criticised researchers who downplayed the signifcance of spirituality in addressing people’s daily concerns. ﻮت ﯾَ ْﻮِﻣِﮫ ُ ُﻗ One’s daily bread; one’s daily livelihood; sustenance. ّ اﻟﺼﺤﻒ ﻓﻲ َ َ ّ ﯾﻮﻣﮫ ﻣﻦ ﺑﯿﻊ ﻗﻮت ﯾﻜﺎﻓﺢ اﻟﺼﯿﺎدون ﻛﻲ ﯾﻀﻤﻨﻮا / .اﻟﺸﻮارع ﻗﻮت ﯾﻜﺴﺐ ﻛﺎن ُ ُ ِ ّ ﻛﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ/ .ﯾﻮﻣﮭﻢ وﺑﻘﺎءھﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﯿﺪ اﻟﺤﯿﺎة ﯾﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻞ أن ﯾﺘﻌﻠّﻢ ﻣﮭﻨﺔً ﺟﺪﯾﺪةً ﻛﻲ َ ِ اﻟﺮ .ﻗﻮت ﯾﻮﻣﮫ ِ He earned his bread by selling newspapers in the streets./Fishermen are struggling to ensure their daily livelihood and survival./The man had to learn a new profession to obtain his daily sustenance. ﺼُﻞ ْ َاﻟﻘَ ْﻮُل اﻟﻔ To have the fnal say; to have the last word. ّ ﺳﯿﻜﻮُن ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻘﻮل اﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻓﻲ/ .إن اﻟﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔَ اﻟﻌﻠﯿﺎ ﻟﮭﺎ اﻟﻘﻮل اﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻀﺎﯾﺎ اّﻟﺪﺳﺘﻮرﯾّﺔ ّ ﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻮﻛﺔ ّ ﺪه اﻟﻘﻮل اﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻓﻲ ّ ﺧﺼﺨﺼﺔ ا .ﺗﮫ ٍ ﻛﻞ ﺟﺎ ِ ﻧﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻮاﻧﺐ ﺣﯿﺎ ِ ﻟﻮاﻟ/ .ﻟﻠﺪوﻟﺔ ِ The Supreme Court has the fnal say about constitutional matters./The government will have the fnal say on the privatisation of the state-owned industries./ His father has the last word on every aspect of his life. 167 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases وﻓِ ْﻌًﻼ/ ﻗَ ْﻮًﻻ َوَﻋَﻤًﻼ In words and deeds; in words and actions. ً ﻟﻠﻮاﻟﺪﯾﻦ ً ً ﻣﺤﺎرﺑﺔ اﻟﻈّﻠﻢ َاﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻣﺴﺆوﻟﯿﺔ ﻗﻮﻻ إظﮭﺎر اﻻﺣﺘﺮام ﯾﺠﺐ / .وﻋﻤﻼ ﻗﻮﻻ ﯾﺘﺤﻤﻞ ُ ُ ُ َ ّ ِ ّ ً ً ﻗﻮي ﻟﻘﻀﯿّﺘﻜﻢ ً ّ / .وﻋﻤﻼ ّ داﻋﻢ .وﻋﻤﻼ ﻗﻮﻻ إن ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺘﻨﺎ ٌ Society bears the responsibility of fghting injustice in words and deeds./ Respect must be shown to parents in words and deeds./Our organisation is a strong supporter of your cause, in word and deeds. ﺪاد ْ ﻗَ ْﯿُﺪ ِ اﻹﻋ To be under preparation. ّ / .اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ اﻷﺟﻨﺒﯿّﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﻠّﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻟﺤﻤﺎﯾﺔ إن ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺔً ﺟﺪﯾﺪةً ﻟﻼﺳﺘﯿﺮاد ﻗﯿﺪ اﻹﻋﺪاد َ ِ ِ ٌ ُ ّﻣﺸﺮوع ﻗﯿﺪ اﻹﻋﺪاد ﯾﺘﻌﻠ .ﻖ ﺑﺘﻮﺳﯿﻊ ﻛﻠّﯿ ِّﺔ اﻟﺒﯿﻄﺮة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ ھﻨﺎك A new import policy is under preparation to protect domestic producers from foreign competition./A project is under preparation that involves expanding the university’s veterinary school. ﻗَ ْﯿُﺪ أُ ْﻧُﻤﻠَ ٍﺔ An inch; on the brink; very close; one iota. ﻗﯿﺪ أﻧﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ اﻟﺠﻼﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻋﻦ ﯾﺘﺰﺣﺰح ﻟﻦ ُ َ ﻣﻮﻗﻔﮫ َ ِ ﻛﺎن اﻟﺠﺴﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ/ .ﻗﯿﺪ أﻧﻤﻠﺔ ِ ّ ﻔﺎق .اﻟﺴﻼم ِ ﻠﺪان ﻋﻠﻰ ِ َ ﺑﺎت اﻟﺒ/ .اﻻﻧﮭﯿﺎر ِ ّﻗﯿﺪ أﻧﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻮﻗﯿﻊ اﺗ His Majesty, the king, will not budge an inch from his position./The bridge was on the brink of collapse./The two countries are very close to signing a peace treaty. راﺳِﺔ ﻗَ ْﯿُﺪ ﱢ َ اﻟﺪ To be under consideration; to be under study. ّ إن ﻣﺸﺮوع اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﺬي ﯾُﺸﺮﻋﻦ ّ ﻟﻠﺪﯾﺎﻧﺎت ھﻮ ﻗﯿﺪ ّ اﻟﺰواج اﻟﻌﺎﺑﺮ ّ / .راﺳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗِﺒﻞ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﺪ ِ ّ / .اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ ّ اﻟﺪﺳﺘﻮرﯾّﺔ ﻗﯿﺪ ّ إن اﻟﺘّﻌﺪﯾﻼت ّ ّ إن اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﺑﺔ ﻗﯿﺪ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻟﻠّﺠﻨﺔ اﻟﺒﺮﻟﻤﺎﻧﯿّﺔ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ِ ّ ّ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﯾﺪ .ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺘﮭﺎ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗِﺒﻞ ﻣﺠﻠﺲ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ ِ 168 ﺣﺮف اﻟﻘﺎف A bill that legalises interfaith marriage is under consideration by the government./The constitutional amendments are under study by the specialised parliamentary committee./The approach is under study by the city council to determine its effectiveness. واﻟﻘﺎل اﻟﻘﯿﻞ ُ ُ Chitchat; gossip; vacuous talk. ّ ﺴﺎء وﻗﺘﮭﻦ ﻣﻊ ﻓﻲ ُ ّﺑﻌﺾ ﺑُﻠﺪان اﻟﺨﻠﯿﺞ ﯾُﻄﻠَﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﺎدة اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿّﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻘﻀﻲ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ اﻟﻨ ِ ّ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﻦ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺮب ّ ّ اﻟﻘﯿﻞ واﻟﻘﺎل اﺳﻢ ”ﺷﺎي أﺻﺒﺤﺖ/ “.اﻟﻀﺤﻰ اﻟﺸﺎي واﻟﺨﻮض ﻓﻲ ِ اﻟﻘﯿﻞ واﻟﻘﺎل اﻟﻤﺤﺘﺮﻣﻮن اﻷﻧﺎس ﯾﺘﺠﻨّﺐ/ .ﻟﻠﻘﯿﻞ واﻟﻘﺎل ﻣﺮﺗﻌﺎ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ وﺳﺎﺋﻂُ اﻟﺘّﻮاﺻﻞ ُ ً َ َ ّ ِ .واﻟﻜﻼم اﻟﻔﺎرغ The social habit of women drinking tea together and indulging in chitchat is called “Forenoon tea” in some Gulf countries./Social media have become a potential hotbed for gossip./Respected people avoid the superfcial and vacuous talk. 169 ك ﺣﺮف اﻟﻜﺎف ﻛﺎل ﺑِِﻤْﻜﯿﺎﻟَ ْﯿِﻦ َ To apply a double-standard. ﺗﻤﯿﻞ/ .اﻟﻜﯿﻞ ﺑﻤﻜﯿﺎﻟﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻘُﻮى اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ ﻷﻧّﮭﺎ ﺗﻨﻔّﺬ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺔ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم وﻗﺪ اﻧﺘﻘﺪ َ ُ ِ ّ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﻤﻜﯿﺎﻟﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻜﻞ اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎت إﻟﻰ اﻟﻜﯿﻞ ﺑﻤﻜﯿﺎﻟﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ ُ ِ ﻟﻢ/ .ﺗﻮظﯿﻒ اﻟﻨّﺴﺎء ِ ُ ُ .اﻷﻏﻨﯿﺎء واﻟﻔﻘﺮاء ﯾﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺠﺮاﺋﻢ أﺣﻜﺎﻣﮭﺎ ﻓﯿﻤﺎ ِ ِ The regime criticised the major powers for adopting a policy of doublestandard in the region./Some organisations tend to practice double-standards regarding women’s recruitment./The courts have not applied a doublestandard of justice on questions of the crimes of the rich versus poor. اﻟﺸﺘﺎﺋَِﻢ ﻛﺎل ﻟَﮫُ ﱠ َ To hurl a barrage of expletives or insults; to heap insults on someone; to curse someone. ّ ﻜﯿﻞ ّ ﺎﻟﺐ ﻏﻀﺒًﺎ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ّ / .اﻟﺸﺘﺎﺋﻢ ﻟﻸﺳﺘﺎذ ﺗﻮﺟﮫ ُ َرﺟﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺣﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ وﻛﺎن ﯾ ُ ّاﺳﺘﺸﺎط اﻟﻄ ِ اﻟﺪ ّ ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺒﺎراة وﻛﺎل ﻟﮫ ّ .اﻟﺸﺘﺎﺋﻢ اﻟﺤَﻜﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺻﺎﻓﺮة َ ﻣﺸﺠﻊ ﻛﺮة اﻟﻘﺪم إﻟﻰ ِ A student became furious with the grade he received and was hurling a barrage of expletives at the teacher./The football fan went to the referee at the fnal whistle and heaped a barrage of curses on him. ﺷْﯿﺌًﺎ ﻟَﻢ ﯾَ ُﻜْﻦ َ َﻛﺄ َ ﱠن As if nothing ever happened; as if nothing ever existed; as if nothing was done. 170 DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-23 ﺣﺮف اﻟﻜﺎف ُ وﻛﺄن ﺷﯿﺌًﺎ ﻟﻢ ﱠ / .ﯾﻜﻦ ﺗﻌﻮدت ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ّ اﻷزﻣﺔ اﻟﻘﻠﺒﯿّﺔ ﻻ ﯾﻤﻜﻨﻚ اﻟﻌﻮدة إﻟﻰ اﻟﺤﯿﺎة اﻟﺘﻲ ِ ُ وﻛﺄن ﺷﯿﺌًﺎ ﻟﻢ ّ ﺳﯿﻘﻮم / .ﯾﻜﻦ وﯾﻀﺤﻜﺎن ﻣﻌﺎ واﻟﯿﻮم،ﯾﻮم أﻣﺲ ً ﯾﺘﻨﺎوﻻن اﻟﻐﺪاء ُ َ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺗﺸﺎﺟﺮا ِ ِ ُ وﻛﺄن ﺷﯿﺌًﺎ ﻟﻢ ّ .ﯾﻜﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺈﺻﻼح اﻟﺜّﻐﺮة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮازﻧﺔ ُ After the heart attack, you cannot return to the life you used to live as if nothing ever happened./They had a big fght yesterday, and today they are eating lunch together and laughing as if nothing ever happened between them./The accountant will patch the hole in the budget as if nothing ever existed. ﻤﺎح َ َﻛﺒََﺢ ِﺟ To rein in something or someone; to curb; to restrain. ُﺗﺤﺎول وزارة ّ ّ اﻟﺼّﺤﺔ ﻛﺒﺢ ﺟﻤﺎح ﺗﻜﺎﻟﯿﻒ ّ وﻗﺪ ﻛﺒﺢ اﻟﺒﻨﻚ/ .اﻟﺼّﺤﯿّﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻼد اﻟﺮﻋﺎﯾﺔ ّ ّاﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰي ﺟﻤﺎح اﻟﺘ ّ اﻟﻘﺮارات ّ / .ﻀﺨﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻼد ّ ﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﺪوﻟﯿّﺔ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻓﻲ أن إن َ ِ ّ ّاﻟﻨ .ﻮوي ﻟﻠﻨّﻈﺎم ﻣﻜﺒﻮح اﻟﺠﻤﺎح The ministry of health is attempting to rein in health care costs in the country./ The central bank has curbed the infation in the country./The international resolutions help to restrain the regime’s nuclear programme. َﻛﱞﺮ َوﻓَ ّﺮ Advance and retreat; alternating winning and losing; highs and lows; peaks and chasms. ُﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻛﺔ ّ ِﻣﺜﻞ/ .وﻓﺮ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻄّﺮﻓﯿﻦ ،ﻛﻞ ﻻﻋﺒﻲ ﻛﺮة اﻟﻘﺪم اﻟﻤﺸﮭﻮرﯾﻦ ﻣﺴﺮﺣﺎ ﻛﺮ ﱟ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺎت ﱟ ً ِ ّ / .وﻓﺮ ّ ،وﻓﺮ ّ ﻛﺮ ّ ﻛﺮ إن اﻟﺤﯿﺎة ﱞ ﻟﻚ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺴﯿﺮﺗﮫ اﻟﻤﮭﻨﯿّﺔ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﱟ ُ واﻟﺪ َ ﯾﻮم ٌ ھﺮ ﯾﻮﻣﺎن .وﯾﻮم ﻋﻠﯿﻚ ٌ In the battle, there was continuous advance and retreat upon both sides./Like all famous football players, his career was a pattern of alternating winning and losing./Life is full of alternating highs and lows, and the age is two days, a day for you and a day against you. َﺷْﻮَﻛﺔ َ ﺴَﺮ َ َﻛ To defang someone or something; to infict a crushing defeat; to eliminate or annihilate the danger; to overcome. 171 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases ُ ّ ﻟﺪى اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ/ .اﻟﻌﺪو ﻋﻠﻰ أراﺿﯿﮫ وﻟﻲ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺎت اﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﯾّﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻛﺴﺮ ﺷﻮﻛﺔ ﺗﮭﺪف ّ ّ اﻟﺪ ّ ُ ﺗﻤﺘﻠﻚ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔُ ﺧﻄﺔً ﻟﻜﺴﺮ ﺷﻮﻛﺔ ھﻞ/ .اﻹرادة اﻟﻜﺎﻓﯿﺔ ﻟﻜﺴﺮ ﺷﻮﻛﺔ اﻹرھﺎب اﻟﻌﺎﺑﺮ ﻟﻠﺤﺪود ّ ّاﻟﺘ ﻌﺼﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻼد؟ The military operations aim to defang the enemy in its own territories./The international community has the will to infict a crushing defeat on interstate terrorism./Does the government have a plan to eliminate intolerance in the country? ﺸَﺮ َﻋْﻦ أَ ْﻧﯿﺎﺑِِﮫ َ َﻛ To bare one’s fangs or teeth, in the manner of an angry lion to show one’s aggression; to reveal the ugly side of someone. اﻟﺤﺎﻣﯿﺔ اﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﯾّﺔ ﺑﻤﮭﺎﺟﻤﺔ أﻧﯿﺎﺑﮫ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل إﺻﺪاره أواﻣﺮ ﻟﺠﯿﺸﮫ وﻗﺪ ﻛﺸﺮ اﻟﺪﯾﻜﺘﺎﺗﻮر ﻋﻦ ِ ِ ِ ّ وﻗﺪ ﻛﺸﺮ/ .اﻟﺼﺤﺮاء ّ ﻓﻲ .اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺳﯿﻮن ﻋﻦ أﻧﯿﺎﺑﮭﻢ ﺑﺎﺗّﮭﺎم اﻷﻗﻠﯿّﺎت ﺑﺄﻧﮭﺎ ﻏﯿﺮ وطﻨﯿّﺔ The dictator bared his fangs by ordering his army to attack the military garrison in the desert./The politicians bared their teeth by accusing the minorities of being unpatriotic. ﻘﺎب َﻋْﻦ َ َﻛ َ ﺸ َ ﻒ اﻟﻨﱢ To unveil or reveal something. ُ ّ ﻘﺎب ﻋﻦ ُﺧﻄﻂ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء ﻛﺸﻒ/ .اﻧﺒﻌﺎﺛﺎت اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن ﻟﻠﺤﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺸﻒ ُ َ ّﺣﺪﯾﺚ اﻟﻮزﯾﺮ اﻟﻨ ِ ّ ﻘﺎب ﻋﻦ ھُﻮﯾّﺔ اﻟﻤﺘّﮭﻢ / .اﻷﺛﺮي ﺣﺪﯾﺪﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ وات اﻵﺛﺎر ٍ ٍ اﻟﻨﻘﺎب ﻋﻦ َأد َ ّﻛﺸﻔﺖ اﻟﺸﺮطﺔُ اﻟﻨ َ ِ .ﺑﺎﻻﺗّﺠﺎر ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع ﺑﺎﻷﻋﻀﺎء اﻟﺒﺸﺮﯾّﺔ The minister’s speech unveiled the government’s plans to curb carbon emissions./The archaeologists unveiled the discovery of iron tools in the archaeological site./Police revealed the identity of the man who stands accused of illegal human organ traffcking. َُﻛﻈََﻢ َﻏْﯿﻈَﮫ To smother, restrain, or control one’s anger or outrage. ّ ﻛﻈﻢ/ .وﺟﮭﮫ دون ﺳﺒﺐ ﻛﻈﻢ ﻏﯿﻈﮫُ وﻏﺎدر اﻟﻤﻜﺎن ﺑﻌﺪ أن ﺻﻔﻌﺘﮫُ اﻟﻤﺮأةُ ﻋﻠﻰ ُاﻟﺒﺪوي ﻏﯿﻈﮫ ِ ّ ُ وﻛﻈﻢ اﻟﺮﺟﻞ اﻟﻨﺒﯿﻞ ﻏﯿﻈﮫ/ .ُﺑﺄن ﺿﯿﻔﮫُ ھﻮ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺘﻞ وﻟﺪه ّ ﺑﺼﻌﻮﺑﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ أن ﻋﻠﻢ ﺧﺼﻮﻣﮫ ﺿﺪ ٍ ِ .وﻋﻔﺎ ﻋﻨﮭﻢ 172 ﺣﺮف اﻟﻜﺎف After the woman slapped him on his face without any reason, he smothered his anger and left the place./The Bedouin controlled his anger with diffculty when he learnt that his guest was the murderer of his son./The gentleman restrained his anger against his foes and pardoned them. ﺮﯾﻤﺘِِﮫ َ َﺟ/ ﻓِْﻌﻠَﺘِِﮫ/ ﺧﻄﯿﺌﺘِِﮫ/ َﻛﻔﱠ َﺮ َﻋﻦ َذْﻧﺒِِﮫ To atone for one’s sins. ّ ّاﻟﺴﺠﻦ ﻛﻔّﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺧﻄﺎﯾﺎ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺘ ّ ﺧﺮوﺟﮫ ﻣﻦ وﺑﻌﺪ/ .ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻌﯿﺎت اﻟﺨﯿﺮﯾّﺔ ﺑﺜﺮوﺗﮫ ﺒﺮع وﺑﻌﺪ ِ ِ ِ ّ أن .ﺗﻜﻔﯿﺮا ﻋﻦ ذﻧﺒﮫ اﻟﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﺑﻘﺘﻞ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ ﻗﺎم،ﺗﺒﺮأ ﻣﻨﮫ اﻟﺠﻤﯿﻊ ُ ً After coming out of prison, he atoned for his sins of the past by donating his wealth to charity./After he had been disowned by everybody, the murderer atoned for his deeds by his own death. ب ّ ﺐ َوَد ُﻛﱡﻞ َﻣْﻦ َھ ﱠ Every Tom, Dick, and Harry; nobodies or persons of no note. ّ ّ ّ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ّ ﯾﺘﺪﺧَﻞ ﺑﻔﻀﻞ وﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﺘّﻮاﺻﻞ / .ودب ﻓﻲ ﺷﺆوﻧﻨﺎ اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﯿّﺔ ھﺐ ﻻ ﯾﺮﯾﺪ زوﺟﻲ أن ِ ّ ّ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ّ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻓﻘﺪ أﺻﺒﺢ .ﺧﺒﯿﺮا ﺻﺤﯿًّﺎ ھﺐ ُودب ﯾﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ ً ّ My husband does not want every Tom, Dick, and Harry interfering in our family issues./Thanks to social media, every Tom, Dick, and Harry considers himself as a health expert. ﺼِﻐﯿَﺔ ٌ ُُﻛﻠﱡﮫ ْ آذان ُﻣ To listen eagerly; to be all ears; to give one’s full attention. ّ اﻟﺠﺪة ﺗﺮوي ﻟﮭﻢ ﺣﻜﺎﯾﺔَ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﺑﺎ واﻷرﺑﻌﯿﻦ أﺧﺬت ﻛﺎن اﻷوﻻد ﻛﻠّﮭﻢ آذاﻧًﺎ ﻣﺼﻐﯿﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ِ ُ ﯾﺘﺤﺪ ُ ّ ّ ث ﻋﻦ زﯾﺎرﺗﮫ إﻟﻰ ًّ ﻛﻠّﻲ/ .اﻟﺴﻮدان ﻛﻨﺖ ﻛﻠّﻲ آذاﻧًﺎ ﻣﺼﻐﯿﺔ ﺣﯿﻦ ﻛﺎن ﺻﺪﯾﻘﻲ / .ﻟﺼﺎ ٌ . أﺧﺒِﺮﻧﻲ ﻋﻦ أﺣﻼﻣﻚ اﻟﻐﺮﯾﺒﺔ،آذان ﻣﺼﻐﯿﺔ The children were all ears when their grandmother started telling them the story of Ali Baba and the 40 thieves./I was listening eagerly to the details of my friend’s trip to Sudan./I am all ears; tell me about your weird dreams. 173 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases ﻖ َ ََﻛْﯿﻔَﻤﺎ اﺗﱠﻔ Anyhow; haphazardly; based on personal whim rather than any system. ﺗﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﻨّﺎس ﻛﯿﻔﻤﺎ إذ ﻻ ﯾﻤﻜﻨﻚ أن،ھﻨﺎك ﺑﺮوﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻت اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿّﺔ ﻋﻠﯿﻚ أن ﺗﺤﺘﺮﻣﮭﺎ َ . ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﻗﺪ ﯾﺘﺴﺒّﺐ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻔﺎﻗﻢ اﻟﻤﺮض، ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ھﺬه اﻷدوﯾﺔ ﻛﯿﻔﻤﺎ اﺗّﻔﻖ/ .اﺗّﻔﻖ There are social protocols that you have to respect; you cannot receive people anyhow./These medications are not to be used haphazardly, as this may aggravate the illness. 174 ل ﺣﺮف اﻟﻼم ﺨﺎف ﻟَ ْﻮَﻣﺔ ﻻﺋٍِﻢ ُ َ ﯾ/ ﯾَ ْﺨﺸﻰ/ ُﻻ ﺗﺄْ ُﺧُﺬه To be determined with no fear of reproach, no matter what the consequences might be; to be steadfast (for a cause) against any kind of pressure. ّ ﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎل اﻟﺤﻘﻮق اﻟﻤﺪﻧﯿّﺔ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻋﺒّﺮت ﻋﻦ رأﯾﮭﺎ ﺿﺪ اﻟﻈّﻠﻢ دون أن ﺗﺄﺧﺬھﺎ ٍ ﺷﻄﺔ ﺷﺠﺎ ٍ ﻛﻨﺎ ّ ﺳﻨﻘﻒ ﺑﺤﺰٍم ُ ﻟﻦ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ/ .ﻟﻠﺪﻓﺎع ﻋﻦ وطﻨﻨﺎ وﻟﻦ ﺗﺄﺧﺬﻧﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ ﻟﻮﻣﺔُ ﻻﺋﻢ / .ﻟﻮﻣﺔُ ﻻﺋﻢ ﺎت ٍ ﻓﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺴﻮﺑﯿّﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﯿّﺔ وﻏﯿﺮھﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻤﺎرﺳ ِ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔَ ﻟﻮﻣﺔُ ﻻٍﺋﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺰﻣﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻜﺎ .ﻏﯿﺮ ﻋﺎدﻟﺔ As a brave civil rights activist, she voiced her opinion against injustice without fear of reproach./We will stand frmly to defend our land, no matter what the consequences might be./The government will not bend to pressure and is determined to complete its mission in fghting nepotism and other unfair practices. ُﻻ ﺗُ ْﺤَﻤُﺪ ُﻋْﻘﺒﺎه To have ominous, unfortunate, or devastating consequences; to have terrible results or implications. ّ اﻟﺮﻓﻊ ُ ُ ُﺻﺮاع ﻻ ﺗ ّ ّأدى/ .ﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﻘﺒﺎه اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﻤﻨﻊ ﻠﺪان اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺗﺘﻄﻮر ﻗﺪ ّ ِ ُاﻟﺨﻼﻓﺎت ﺑﯿﻦ ﺑ ٍ ُ ُﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻻ ﺗ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻦ اﻹﺳﺮاف ﻓﻲ ﺗﻌﺎطﻲ ﻣﺴﻜﻨّﺎت/ .ﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﻘﺒﺎھﺎ اﻟﺘّﺠﻮال ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﺻﻤﺔ إﻟﻰ َ ُ ُأﺿﺮار ﻻ ﺗ ّ ﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﻘﺒﺎھﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ٌ .اﻟﺼّﺤﺔ اﻵﻻم The differences among the countries in the region might develop into a confict with ominous consequences./The total lifting of the curfew in the capital had unfortunate implications./Heavy dosage of painkillers can have terrible effects on health. DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-24 175 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases ﻻ ﺗُ َﻌﱡﺪ وﻻ ﺗُ ْﺤﺼﻰ Countless. ّﻌﺪ وﻻ ﺗُﺤﺼﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨ ُﺗﺰﺧﺮ اﻟﺒﺤﯿﺮة ّ ُﺑﺄﻧﻮاع ﻻ ﺗ ﻟﻘﺪ أﻣﻀﻰ/ .واﻟﺤﺸﺮات واﻟﻄّﯿﻮر ﺒﺎﺗﺎت ُ ِ ِ ٍ ّ ّ أﻓﻜﺎر ﻻ ّ ﺳﺎﻋﺎت ﻻ ٌ ﺗﻌﺪ وﻻ ﺗﺤﺼﻰ ھﻨﺎك/ .ﺗﻌﺪ وﻻ ﺗﺤﺼﻰ ﻣﻊ اﺑﻨﮫ اﻟﻤﻌﺎق ﻣﻌﻠ ًﻤﺎ إﯾﺎه اﻟﻘﺮاءة ٍ .ﻟﺠﻌﻞ ﻣﺪﯾﻨﺘﻨﺎ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻧﻈﺎﻓﺔً وﺗﺮﺗﯿﺒًﺎ ِ The lake abounds with countless varieties of plants, insects, and birds./He spent countless hours with his handicapped son, teaching him to read./There are countless ideas to make our city cleaner and tidier. َﻘﻮم ﻟَﮫُ ﻗﺎﺋِ َﻤﺔ ُ ﻻﺗ To never be revived again; to never rise again; to cease to exist; to be demolished or fnished. ّ / .ﺗﻘﻮم ﻟﮭﺎ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺳﻘﻮطﮭﺎ ﻓﺈﻧّﮭﺎ ﻟﻦ وﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ،ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺪق ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺼﺤﯿﻔﺔُ ﻣﺤﺎﯾﺪةً وﺗﺘّﺼﻒ ِ ِ َ ّ ّ ّ ﺳﯿﺜﺎﺑﺮون ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺠﺪ / .ﺗﻘﻮم ﻟﮭﺎ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ َ ﺿﺪ ھﺬه اﻹﯾﺪﯾﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ اﻟﻔﺎﺳﺪة ﺣﺘﻰ ﯾﺘﯿﻘﻨﻮا أﻧﮭﺎ ﻟﻦ ّ ﻟﻠﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ أن ﺗﻐﯿّﺮ .اﻻﺳﺘﮭﻼﻛﻲ ﻟﻠﻨّﺎس اﻟﺴﻠﻮك ﻟﻢ ﺗﻘُﻢ ّ ِ The newspaper was neutral and truthful, but now, it has fallen and will never be revived again./They are going to work hard until they are sure that this corrupt ideology could never rise again./The industry has ceased to exist in the wake of shifting consumer behaviour. ﻻ َﺟْﺪوى ِﻣﻦ There is no point in doing something; to be useless or pointless to do something. ّﻻ ﺟﺪوى ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘ ّ ُاﻟﻤﻌﺎرﺿﺔ اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﯾ اﺗﻔَﻖ ﻣﻌﮫ اﻟﻄّﺒﯿﺐ/ .ﺸﺠﻌﻮن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻨﻒ ﻗﺎدة ِ ِ ﻔﺎوض ﻣﻊ ِ ّ ﺑﺎﻟﺮأي ﺑﺄﻧّﮫ ﻻ ﺟﺪوى ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻼج ﺑﻌﺪ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ّ ﯾﻜﻮن ھﻨﺎك ﺟﺪوى ﻟﻦ/ .ﺟﺴﺪه اﻟﺴﺮطﺎن ﻓﻲ َ ِ ُ اﻟﻮطﻨﻲ إن ﻟﻢ .ﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬھﺎ ﺗﻜﻦ ھﻨﺎك إرادة ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯿّﺔ ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻤﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى أھﺪاف ﻣﻦ وﺿﻊ ٍ ٍ ّ ِ There is no point in negotiating with the opposition leaders who encourage violence./The doctor agreed with him that there was no point in treatment as cancer had spread throughout his body./It would be pointless to set national education goals if there were no political will to implement them. 176 ﺣﺮف اﻟﻼم ﻻ َﺟَﺮَم أَ ﱠن Assuredly; unquestionably. ّ ّ ﻻ ﺟﺮم ﺗﻄﻮر اﻟﻤﻮﺳﯿﻘﻰ اﻹﺳﺒﺎﻧﯿّﺔ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮا واﻟﻤﻮﺷﺤﺎت اﻷﻧﺪﻟﺴﯿّﺔ ﺗﺮﻛﺖ أن اﻟﺰﺟﻞ ً ً ّ ﻛﺒﯿﺮا ﻋﻠﻰ ّ ﻻ ﺟﺮم/ .ﺮون اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ ّ َأن اﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺴﻜﺎﻧﯿّﺔ ﻟﻜﻮﻛﺒﻨﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺳﺎھﻤﺖ ﻓﻲ ھﺬا ِ ُواﻷوروﺑﯿّﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘ ّ / .اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺧﻲ ﻻ ﺟﺮم أﻧّﮫ ﺳﯿﻜﺴﺐ،اﻟﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﺘّﻐﯿّﺮ ُ إن ﻛﺘﺎﺑﮫ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪ ﯾُﺪاﻓﻊ ﻋﻦ دور اﻟﺘّﻘﺎﻟﯿﺪ ﻓﻲ ّ .ﺨﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ اﻋﺘﺮاﻓًﺎ ً ِ ُواﺳﻌﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗِﺒﻞ اﻟﻨ Andalusian zajal and muwashahat poems assuredly infuenced the Spanish and European music in the Middle Ages./It is unquestionable that our planet’s dense population has contributed to this climate change./His new book is supporting the role of traditions in governance. Unquestionably he is going to gain wide recognition among the conservative elite. ﻻ َﺣْﻮَل ﻟَﮫُ َوﻻ ﻗُ ّﻮة To be helpless, powerless, or defenceless. ً ﺑﻘﻲ اﻟﻌﺎُﻟﻢ ﻋﺎ ّ ﺎدة اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﯿِّﺔ ﺿﺪ اﻟﻤﺪﻧﯿّﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ ِ ت اﻹﺑ ِ ﺟﺰا ﺑﻼ ﺣﻮل وﻻ ﻗﻮة ﻋﻦ ﻣﻨﻊ ھﺠﻤﺎ ّ أﻧﺎ أﻋﺘﻘﺪ/ .اﻟﻌﺎﻟَﻢ ﻟﻢ/ .ﻮل ﻟﮭﻢ وﻻ ﻗﻮة َ أن ﻟﺪى اﻟﻨّﺎس رﻏﺒﺔٌ ﺻﺎدﻗﺔٌ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪة َﻣﻦ ﻻ ﺣ ّ ﺗﺤﺮك ا ّ .ﻮل ﻟﮭﺎ وﻻ ﻗﻮة ﻣﻦ اﻻﻋﺘﺪاء َ ﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺮأِة اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺣ ِ ﻟﺸﺮطﺔُ ﺳﺎﻛﻨًﺎ ﻟﺤﻤﺎ The world was helpless to prevent genocidal attacks on civilians around the world./I believe that people have a genuine desire to help the powerless./The police have failed to protect the defenceless woman from being assaulted. ُ َﻋْﻨﮫ/ ﻓﯿﮫ ِ َﻻ َرْﺟَﻌﺔ To be fnal and irreversible or irrevocable; no turning back on something. ّ ّ ّإن ﻗﺮار ﺗﺪرﯾﺲ اﻟﻄ ٌ ﻟﻘﺒﻮل ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺪ إﻧّﮫ ﻏﯿﺮ/ .ﻧﮭﺎﺋﻲ وﻻ رﺟﻌﺔَ ﻓﯿﮫ ﻗﺮار ﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﻠّﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿّﺔ ھﻮ ٍ ﱞ ِ ّ وإن ﻣﻮﻗﻔﮫ ﺑﮭﺬا ّ ،ﻋﺮض اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻻ رﺟﻌﺔَ ﻋﻦ/ .ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻠﻨّﻘﺎش ٍ اﻟﺸﺄن ﻻ رﺟﻌﺔَ ﻓﯿﮫ وﻏﯿﺮ ّ ﻣﺴﺎر اﻗﺘﺼﺎد .اﻟﺴﻮق The decision to teach medicine in Arabic is fnal and irreversible./He is not inclined to accept the government’s offer; his position is irreversible and not open to discussion./There is no turning back on the path of the market economy. 177 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases ﺳﯿﱠﻤﺎ ِ ﻻ Particularly; especially. ُ ﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎ ّ ﺗﻘﻮم ا ﻻ ﺳﯿّﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﺎل اﻟﻤﻮاد،ﻋﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻷﺳﻌﺎر ٍ ت ﺑﺈﺟﺮاء ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎ ِ ت ﺑﺸﺄن اﻟﺘّﻼ ّ ﺗﻔﻌﻞ ﻻ ﺳﯿّﻤﺎ،ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻮﺳﻌﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ اﺳﺘﻘﺮار اﻟﺒﻼد ﯾﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ أن / .اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﯿّﺔ ُ َ ّ ﯾﺠﺐ ﻋﺪم إطﻌﺎم اﻟﻄّﯿﻮر ﻋﻠﻰ ا ُ ّ ﯾﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺤﺼﺮ ا ﻻﺳﯿّﻤﺎ،ﻟﺸﺎطﺊ / .ﻟﺴﻼح ﺑﯿﺪ اّﻟﺪوﻟﺔ ﻓﯿﻤﺎ ُ .طﯿﻮر اﻟﻨّﻮرس The authorities are investigating price gouging, particularly in food stores./ The government must do everything possible to stabilise the country, especially when it comes to bringing all arms under the control of the state./You should not feed the birds on the beach, especially the gulls. ِﻣْﻦ َوراﺋِِﮫ/ ُﻻ طﺎﺋَِﻞ ِﻣْﻨﮫ To be futile, pointless, or useless. ّ إﻧﻔﺎق ﻣﻼﯾﯿﻦ ُ اﻟﺪوﻻرات ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻢ ﻧﻘﺎﺷﺎت ﻻ ﻟﻘﺪ أﺿﺎﻋﻮا وﻗﺘًﺎ ﺛﻤﯿﻨًﺎ ﻓﻲ ٍ َ ّ وﻗﺪ/ .طﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻦ وراﺋﮭﺎ .طﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﺎ ﻣﻌﺎرك ﻻ ﻟﻘﺪ أﺿﺎع ﺣﯿﺎﺗﮫُ ﻓﻲ/ .طﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﺎ ﻣﺸﺎرﯾﻊ ﻻ َ َ َ They have wasted precious time in futile discussions./Millions of dollars were spent on pointless projects./He wasted his life in useless battles. ﺐ َ ﻻ َﻋَﺠ No wonder. ٌ ّ ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﻣﻮﺣٌﺪ ﻻ ﯾﻮﺟﺪ/ .ﺗﻔﻘﺪ اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔُ أﻓﻀﻞ أﺳﺎﺗﺬﺗﮭﺎ ﻻ،ﻣﻊ ھﻜﺬا أﺟﻮر ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ َ ﻋﺠﺐ أن َ ّ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻣﺨﺎطﺮ ّ ﻟﻤﻔﮭﻮم اﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺠﺐ إذن أن ﺗﻔﺸﻞ اﻟﻤﺪن ﻓﻲ ﻓﻼ،اﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺪن َ ِ ّ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺎن ﻓﻲ ُﻋﺠﺐ أﻧّﻜﻤﺎ ﺗ ﺴﯿﺌﺎن ﻓﮭﻢ ﺑﻌﻀﻜﻤﺎ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻻ،اﻟﺸﺨﺼﯿّﺔ أﻧﺘﻤﺎ/ .اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ اﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ َ ّ ِ ِ .ﻓﻲ أﻏﻠﺐ اﻷوﻗﺎت With such low salaries, no wonder the university is losing its best teachers./There is no unified definition of safety in the cities; thus, it is no wonder cities fail to address safety hazards in public places./You are very different in personality; no wonder you misunderstand each other so often. 178 ﺣﺮف اﻟﻼم ﺒﺎر َﻋﻠَ ْﯿِﮫ َ ﻻ ُﻏ Nothing wrong with someone or something; to be unobjectionable; to be ft or suitable. ّ / .وﺳﺮﯾﺮ ﻧﻈﯿﻒ ّ إن داﻓﺊ ﺣﻤٍﺎم إن اﻟﻤﻜﺎن ﻻ َ ّ ﺣﯿﺚ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ أن ﺗﺤﺼﻞ ﻓﯿﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ،ﻏﺒﺎر ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ٍ ٍ ﱠ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻻ ﻏﺒﺎر ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﻟﻘﺪ اﺗّﻀﺢ/ .أﺻﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺴﺠﻠﺔ ﺳﻤﻌﺔ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﻻ ﻏﺒﺎر ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ وھﻲ ّ ٍ ٍ ّ ّ ﺢ ﻻ ﻏﺒﺎر ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﺗﻢ اﺧﺘﯿﺎره ّ ﻟﻘﺪ/ .أن وﻛﺎﻟﺔَ اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺒﺎرات ﻛﺎﻧﺖ وراء ﻋﻤﻠﯿّﺔ اﻻﻏﺘﯿﺎل ٍ ﻛﻤﺮﺷ ُ .ﻟﺸﻐﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺼﺐ There is nothing wrong with the place; you can fnd a warm bath and a clean bed there./The company’s name is unobjectionable, and it is properly incorporated./ It became clear without any doubt that the intelligence agency was behind the assassination./He has been chosen as a suitable candidate to fll the position. ﻻ َﻏْﺮَو No wonder; no surprise; without doubt; for sure; therefore; of course; defnitely. ّ ﻓﻼ ﻏﺮو،ﻋﺸﺎﺋﺮي ﻛﮭﺬا ُ ّ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﻲ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻧﻈﺎم دوﻣﺎ أن اﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻣﻊ وﺟﻮد ّ ٌ ً ﺳﯿﺴﻮد ﻓﯿﮫ ٍ ُ ّ ﻓﻼ ﻏﺮو إذن ﻓﻲ أﻧّﮭﺎ ﺗﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ،رﺳﻤﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺮﻓﯿﯿﻦ ﺗﺪرﯾﺐ اﻟﺒﻼد إﻟﻰ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺗﻔﺘﻘﺮ / .ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ ُ ٍ ّ ّ ﻻ ﻏﺮو/ .ﻣﺰﻣﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﺎھﺮة ﯾﺘﺤﻤﻠﻮن أﻋﺒﺎء أن اﻟﻨّﺴﺎء واﻷطﻔﺎل ھﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﺺ ّ ٍ ٍ .اﻟﺤﺮوب With such a tribal society, no wonder the country will always have an unstable political system./The country lacks a formal crafts training system for craftsmen, and therefore, it is no surprise that it has a chronic shortage of skilled workers./Without a doubt, women and children bear the brunt of wars. ُﻻ ِﻏﻨﻰ َﻋْﻨﮫ To be indispensable or essential. ُ ﻗﺪﯾﻤﺎ / .ﺧﺪﻣﺎت اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺿﺮورﯾّﺎت اﻟﺤﯿﺎة اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﻏﻨﻰ ﻋﻨﮭﺎ أﺻﺒﺤﺖ ِ ً اﻟﺠﻤﺎل ِ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ّ إن ّ / .وﺳﯿﻠﺔً ﻻ ﻏﻨﻰ ﻋﻨﮭﺎ ﻟﺒﻘﺎء اﻟﺒﺪو ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﯿﺪ اﻟﺤﯿﺎة ﻓﻲ ﺻﺤﺎرى ﺷﺒﮫ اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺮة اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿّﺔ ﺳﻜﯿﻨًﺎ ّ .ﺎخ ﻣﺤﺘﺮف ﺟﯿﺪة وﺣﺎدة ھﻲ أداةٌ ﻻ ﻏﻨﻰ ﻋﻨﮭﺎ ﱢ ٍ ّﻷي طﺒ 179 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases Internet services have become indispensable necessities of life./Camels were essential means of survival for the Bedouins in the deserts of Arabia in the past./A good and sharp chef’s knife is an indispensable item for any professional cook. ﻻ َﻣﺤﺎﻟَﺔ Inevitably. ّ اﻟﻤﯿﺪاﻧﻲ ّ ﻣﮭﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻷﺳﺒﺎب ُ ﺻﻔﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻨّﻈﺎم ﺳﻮف أن اﻟﻘﺎﺋﺪ اﻋﺘﻘَﺪ/ .ﺗﻔﺸﻞ ﻻ ﻣﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﺈن أﯾّﺔ ُ ٍ ّ ّ واﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻘﻮل ّ ﺑﺄن اﻗﺘﺼﺎد اﻟﺒﻼد ﺳﯿﺘﺄﺛﺮ وزﯾﺮ اﻟﺘّﺠﺎرة وذھﺐ/ .آت ﻻ ﻣﺤﺎﻟﺔ ُ ٍ ﺼﺮ َ ّاﻟﻨ .ﻻ ﻣﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺑﺘﺒﺎطُﺆ اﻟﺘّﺠﺎرة ﻣﻊ اﻟﻌﺎﻟَﻢ Whatever the reasons, any deal with the regime will inevitably fail./The feld commander believed that victory is inevitable./The minister of trade and industry has argued that the economy will inevitably be affected by the slower trade growth with the world. ُﻻ َﻣﻔَ ﱠﺮ ِﻣْﻨﮫ To be unavoidable or inescapable. ّ ّ ّ ّ أﻣﺮ ﻻ ٌ ﻛﺎرﺛﺔ ﻣﻨﺎﺧﯿّﺔ ھﻮ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ اﺳﺘﻤﺮ اﻟﻨﺎس ﺑﺎﻟﻌﯿﺶ ﻣﻔﺮ ﻣﻨﮫ إن ﺣﺼﻮل إن ٍ َ ّ / .ﻣﻔﺮ ﻣﻨﮫ ّ ، ﻓﻲ ذروة اﻧﺘﺸﺎر اﻟﻮﺑﺎء/ .ﯾﻌﯿﺸﻮﻧﮭﺎ اﻵن ّ أﻣﺮ ﻻ ٌ إن اﻟﺤﺮوب ٌ ﻓﺈن اﻟﻌﺰﻟﺔ أﻣﺮ ﻻ ّ ﺗﺘﻨﺎﻓﺲ ﻓﯿﮫ ّ .اﻟﺪول ﻋﺎﻟﻢ ُ ٍ ﻣﻔﺮ ﻣﻨﮫ ﻓﻲ A climate catastrophe is unavoidable, if people continue to live the way they do now./In the peak of the epidemic, isolation is something unavoidable./ Wars are something inescapable in a world full of rival states. ﻨﺎص َ ﻻ َﻣ To be inescapable; to have no other option than; to have no choice but to; to be forced to. ص أﻣﺎم اﻟﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺳﻮى رﻓﺾ َ ﻻ ﻣﻨﺎ/ .ص ﻟﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻋﺘﻤﺎِدﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘّﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ َ ﻻ ﻣﻨﺎ ُ ّﯾﺠﺪ ﻣﺘﺴﻠ ُ ّ ذراﻋﮫ ﺑﯿﻦ ا ﺻﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺘﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ أن ﻋﻠِﻘﺖ/ .اﻟﺘّﺴﻮﯾﺔ ً ﻖ اﻟﺠﺒﺎل ﻣﻨﺎ ِ ﻟﻢ،ﻟﺼﺨﻮر .ﺗﮫ ذراﻋِﮫ ﻛﻲ ِ ﯾﻨﺠﻮ ﺑﺤﯿﺎ َ 180 ﺣﺮف اﻟﻼم Our dependence on technology is inescapable./The court has no other option than to reject the settlement./After getting his arm trapped between the rocks, the mountain climber had no choice but to amputate his own arm to survive. ﻮادة َ ﻻ َھ ٍ ﺑِﻼ َھ/ ﻓﯿﮫ ِ َﻮادة To be relentless; to be unabated; to be ferce or severe; relentlessly. اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿّﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺸﺮ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﯿﺔ ﻻ ھﻮادةَ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ ﻹﺟﺒﺎر ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﻧﺎﺷﻄﻮن ﻓﻲ دﺧﻞ َ ٍ ٍ ِ ِ ﻓﺮض اﻷﻣﺮ اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ ﺳﻌﻲ ﻻ ھﻮادةَ ﻓﯿﮫ ﻧﺤﻮ ھﻨﺎك/ .ﻠﻮث ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ ّ ّﻘﺔ ﺑﻤﺴﺘﻮﯾﺎت اﻟﺘ ٌ ِ ّاﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠ ِ ّ ﻋﻠﻰ ّ ھﻮادة ﺣﺘﻰ ﻗﺘﻼهُ ﻓﻲ .اﻟﺼﺤﺮاء وﻗﺪ ﻻﺣﻘﮫ ﺧﺼﻤﺎهُ ﺑﻼ/ .اﻟﻔﻠﺴﻄﯿﻨﻲ اﻟﺸﻌﺐ ٍ ّ The activists entered a relentless legal battle to force the local government to disclose information about pollution levels in the city./There is a relentless pursuit to impose fait accompli on the Palestinian people./His two enemies relentlessly pursued him until they killed him in the desert. ﻻ ﯾَﺄﺗﻲ ِﻣْﻦ ﻓَﺮاغ Does not come out of a vacuum/nowhere. ّ / .ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ اﻟﻨّﺠﺎح ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻻ ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺮاغ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﮭﺪ واﻟﺘّﺮﻛﯿﺰ واﻻﻟﺘﺰام ّ إن إن َ ﺗﻨﺘﺞ ﻓﮭﻲ،وﺗﻘﺎﻟﯿﺪھﻢ ﻻ ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺮاغ ﻋﺎدات اﻟﻨّﺎس ُ ﻻ/ .ﻘﺎﻓﻲ ُ َ ّ ّﺗﻌﻜﺲ ﻗﯿَﻤﮭﻢ وﻣﯿﺮاﺛﮭﻢ اﻟﺜ ِ ّ اﺿﻄﺮاﺑﺎت ُ ٌ .ﺟﺬور ﺟﯿﻨﯿّﺔٌ وﺑﯿﺌﯿّﺔ وإﻧّﻤﺎ ﻟﮭﺎ،اﻟﺸﺨﺼﯿّﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺮاغ Achieving success at work does not come out of a vacuum but comes out of effort, focus, and commitment./People’s customs and traditions do not come out of a vacuum; they refect their values and cultural heritage./Personality disorders do not come out of nowhere; they have a combination of genetic and environmental roots. ﯾَ ﱠﺪِﺧُﺮ ُﺟْﮭًﺪا/ﻻ ﯾَﺄْﻟﻮ To spare no effort; to do one’s best. ّ ﻟﻢ/ .ﺪة اﻟﺒُﻠﺪان اﻟﻨّﺎﻣﯿﺔ ﻟﺘﺨﻔﯿﺾ دﯾﻮﻧﮭﺎ ً ﺗﺪﺧﺮ ﺄل اﻟﺒُﻠﺪان اﻟﻐﻨﯿّﺔ ُ وﻟﻢ ﺗ ِ ﺟﮭﺪا ﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﺎﻋ ُ ﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎ ّ وﻟﻢ/ .ﺟﮭﺪا ﻓﻲ اﺣﺘﻮاِء اﻧﺘﺸﺎر اﻟﻔﯿﺮوس ً ً ّ ا ﺟﮭﺪا ﻓﻲ ت اﻟﻌﺎّﻣﺔ ت ِ ﺗﺪﺧﺮ إدارةُ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎ .إﻧﺠﺎح اﻟﻤﺆﺗﻤﺮ 181 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases Rich countries have spared no effort in helping the developing countries to reduce their debts./The authorities have spared no effort to contain the spread of the virus./The department of public relations has spared no effort to make the conference a success. ﻻ ﯾُ ْﺒﻘﻲ وﻻ ﯾََﺬُر To cause complete, total, or massive destruction; to spare no one and nothing; to destroy everything. ّ / .ُﺒﻖ وﻟﻢ ﯾﺬر ّ ّ ﺑﺎﺷﺘﻌﺎل اﻟﻐﺎرات اﻟﺠﻮﯾّﺔ ﺗُﻨﺬر إن اﻻﻧﻔﺠﺎر إن َ ِ ِ ِ اﻟﻘﻮي اﻟﺬي ﺿﺮب اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔَ ﻟﻢ ﯾ ّ / .ﺣﺮب ﻻ ﺗُﺒﻘﻲ وﻻ ﺗﺬر ّ اﻟﺮﺟﺎل ﻣﻦ ﺒﻖ ﺗﻤﻜﻦ ُ ٍ ِ ُاﻟﺼﻤﻮد ﻓﻲ وﺟﮫ اﻟﻌﺎﺻﻔﺔ اﻟﮭَﻮﺟﺎء اﻟﺘﻲ ﻟﻢ ﺗ .ﺷﯿﺌًﺎ ﺣﻮﻟﮭﻢ وﻟﻢ ﺗﺬر The powerful explosion has caused the complete destruction of the city./The airstrikes herald the start of a war that spares no one and nothing./The men managed to withstand the wild storm that destroyed everything around them. ﻻ ﯾَﺘَﻮاﻧﻰ َﻋْﻦ Not to stop short of/to; not to hesitate to. ّ ﻟﻦ ﯾﺘﻮاﻧﻰ ﻣﻨﺘِﺞ/ .إن اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔَ اﻟﻤﺴﻠّﺤﺔ ﻟﻦ ﺗﺘﻮاﻧﻰ ﻋﻦ إﺧﻀﺎع اﻟﺒﻼد ﺑﺄﻛﻤﻠﮭﺎ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺳﯿﻄﺮﺗﮭﺎ ّ ّ اﻟﻨّﻔﻂ اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺲ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻘﯿﺎم ﻟﻢ/ .ﺿﺮوري ﻟﻠﻔﻮز ﺑﺤﺮب أﺳﻌﺎر اﻟﻨّﻔﻂ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺴﯿﮫ ﺑﻜﻞ ﻣﺎ ھﻮ ّ ﺑﻮﺟﮫ .اﻟﻼﻋﺐ اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻏﺐ اﻟﺒﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء ﯾﺘﻮان َﺣَﻜُﻢ اﻟﻤﺒﺎراة ﻋﻦ إﺷﮭﺎر َ ِ ِ The new militant movement will not stop short of bringing the whole country under its control./The major oil producer will not stop short of doing whatever is necessary to win the oil-price war against its competitors./The referee did not hesitate to brandish the red card in the face of the troublemaking player. ﺿْﯿًﺮا ﻻ ﯾَ ِﺠُﺪ َﻏ َ / ًﻀﺎﺿﺔ َ To fnd nothing wrong about something; to fnd something justifed; to take no offence; to fnd nothing that prevents someone from doing something. ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺗﮫ اﻟﺘﻲ اﻧﺘﻘﺪ ﺻﺤﻒ اﻟﻨّﻈﺎم ﺑﻨﺸﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﺎرض ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎم ﻏﻀﺎﺿﺔً ﻓﻲ ﻗﯿﺎم اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﯾﺠﺪ ُ ُ ِ ِ ِ ﻟﻢ ﯾﺠﺪ ﺗﺠﺪ ﻏﻀﺎﺿﺔً ﻓﻲ أن َ ِ إﻧّﮫ ﻻ/ .ﺗﻠﺒﺲ ﻣﻼﺑﺲ ﻓﺎﺿﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻠﻦ ِ إﻧّﮭﺎ ﻻ/ .ﻓﯿﮭﺎ اﻟﻤﻌﺎرﺿﺔ ّ ﺑﺎرد ﻓﻲ .اﻟﺸﺘﺎء ً ٍ ﺣﻤٍﺎم ّ ﺿﯿﺮا ﻓﻲ أﺧﺬ 182 ﺣﺮف اﻟﻼم The writer who opposed the regime did not fnd it wrong that the regime’s newspapers were publishing his articles in which he criticised the opposition./She does not fnd it wrong to wear revealing clothes in public./He fnds it ok to have a cold shower in winter. ﻻ ﯾُ ْﺠﺪي ﻧَْﻔًﻌﺎ To be of no use to do something. َ ّ اﻟﻌﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت ﻷﻧّﮫ ﻻ ﯾﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ،ﻧﻔﻌﺎ إن ً اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﻲ ھﺬا اﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮس اﻟﻄّﺒّّﻲ ﻻ ﯾﺠﺪي ِ ّ ،وﺟﮭﺎت اﻟﻨّﻈﺮ ﻟﻦ/ .ﻧﻔﻌﺎ اﺧﺘﻼف ﻓﻲ ﻣﻊ ھﻜﺬا/ .اﻟﻤﮭﻤﺔ ً ﻓﺈن ﻣﻮاﺻﻠﺔَ ﺣﺪﯾﺜﻨﺎ ﻟﻦ ﺗﺠﺪي ٍ ّ ِ ّ ُ .ﻧﻔﻌﺎ ﻛﺜﺮة اﻷﻋﺪاء وﻗﻠﺔ اﻷﺻﺪﻗﺎء ً ﺗﺠﺪﯾﻚ It is of no use to look in this medical dictionary because it lacks many important terms./With such different standpoints, it is of no use to continue our conversation./It is of no use for you to have many enemies and few friends. ﺳﺎﻛﻨًﺎ ِ ﻻ ﯾُ َﺤﱢﺮُك Not to do anything in response to a situation; not to lift a fnger; to be passive. ُﻗﻮة ّ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻟﻢ/ .ﺗﺤﺮك ﺳﺎﻛﻨًﺎ ﻹﯾﻘﺎﻓﮭﺎ ّ اﻟﻤﺬﺑﺤﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺑُﻌﺪ وﻟﻢ ّ ﺣﻔﻆ ﯾﺤﺮك ﺑﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﺴﻼم ّ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ِ ِ ِ ُ ﯾﺤﺮ ّ ك ﺳﺎﻛﻨًﺎ ﻹﺛﺒﺎت ﺣﻘّ ِﮫ ﻓﻲ وراﺛﺔ إﻧّﮫ ﻻ/ ﺷﻘﯿﻘﮫ ﻣﻦ اﻹﻓﻼس؟ اﻟﻤﻠﯿﻮﻧﯿﺮ ﺳﺎﻛﻨًﺎ ﻹﻧﻘﺎذ ِ .ﻣﻤﺘﻠﻜﺎت أﺑﯿﮫ ِ The peacekeeping force stood watching the massacre from a distance and did nothing to stop it./Why did the millionaire not lift a fnger to come to the rescue of his brother from bankruptcy?/He is doing nothing to prove his right to inherit his father’s properties. ﺴُﺪ َﻋﻠَ ْﯿِﮫ َ ﻻ ﯾُ ْﺤ Not to be envied; to be in a bad, miserable, or unfortunate shape, situation, or position. ّ ّّأدى اﻟﺘ ﯾﻌﯿﺶ / .ﺤﺴﺪ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ اﻷﺟﻨﺒﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎت إﻟﻰ ﺟﻌﻞ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺪﺧﻞ ُ ٍ َ ُﻣﻮﻗﻒ ﻻ ﺗ ّ ّ ﻘﻨﻲ أن اﻟﺒﻨﯿﺔَ اﻟﺘّﺤﺘﯿّﺔَ ﻟﻠﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎء ﻓﻲ َ ﺤﺴ َ ُﺣﻤﺎﻟﻮ اﻟﺠﺒﺎل ﺣﯿﺎةً ﻻ ﯾ ّ ّ ﯾُﻈﮭﺮ اﻟﺘّﻘﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﺘ/ .ﺪون ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ّ ُ .ﺤﺴﺪ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ َ وﺿﻊ ﻻ ﺗ ٍ 183 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases The foreign interference in voting has placed the government in a position that was not to be envied./Mountain porters lead a life not to be envied./The technical report shows that the electricity infrastructure is in very bad shape. ﻨﺎن ُ ِﻻ ﯾَْﺨﺘَﻠ ِ ﻒ ْاﺛ To be indisputable; to be incontestable; to be an accepted fact. ّ ﯾﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﺛﻨﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ ُ ُ أن ﻻ/ .اﻟﺨﻮارزﻣﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ اﺗّﺠﺎه ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﺠﺒﺮ اﺛﻨﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ دور ﯾﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻻ ّ ِ ُ ّ إﺟﻤﺎع ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ دﻓﻊ ﻋﻤﻠﯿّﺔ ﯾﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﺛﻨﺎن ﺣﻮل ﻻ/ .اﻟﺴﻼم إﻟﻰ اﻷﻣﺎم ھﻨﺎك ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﯿﻖ ٍ ّ أن ّ ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺔ ّ اﻷرض ﻟﻤﻼﯾﯿﻦ .اﻟﺴﻨﯿﻦ اﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎﺻﻮرات ﻗﺪ ھﯿﻤﻨﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ِ It is indisputable that Al-Khwarizmi has changed the course of algebra./It is an indisputable fact that a consensus is needed to propel the peace process forward./It is now an accepted fact that dinosaurs dominated Earth for millions of years. ً ع َﻣ اﻟﺸﱠﻚ ﻻ ﯾَ ْﻘﺒَُﻞ ﱠ/ ﻟﻠﺸﱢﻚ ﺠﺎﻻ ﱠ ُ ﻻ ﯾََﺪ Beyond any doubt; without question. ّ ﻣﺠﺎﻻ ً ّ ﻟﻠﺸ ُ ُ ﻮوي وﺑﻤﺎ ﻻ َ ّ ّاﻷﺑﻮة ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﺤﻤﺾ اﻟﻨ ﯾﺘﻔﻖ / .ﻚ أﻧّﮫ اﺑﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻓّﻰ ﯾﺪع اﺧﺘﺒﺎر أﺛﺒﺖ ُ ّ ّ ﻣﺠﺎﻻ ً ّ ﻚ ّ ﻟﻠﺸ ُ ّ ﻧﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ أن ّ أن اﻟﺘّﺪﺧﯿﻦ ﻧﻘﺮر / .ﺑﺼﺤﺔ اﻟﻨّﺎس ﻣﻀﱞﺮ ﻻﯾﺪع اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء وﺑﻤﺎ ُ ُ ّ اﻟﺴ ِ ِ ﻠﺒﻲ ّ ﻣﺠﺎﻻ ً ّ ﻚ ّ ﻟﻠﺸ ُ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻻ ّ ﯾﺪع .ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺒﻲ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﻔﻌﻞ ﺗﻀﺮر ﺑﺄن ﺑﺮج اﻻﺗّﺼﺎﻻت ّ ٍ ِ The DNA paternity test proved beyond any doubt that he is the decedent’s child./Scientists agree beyond any doubt that secondhand smoke is harmful to the health of people./We can determine beyond any doubt that the communications tower was damaged by an act of sabotage. ﮭﺎن ﺑِِﮫ ُ َ ﺴﺘ ْ ُﻻ ﯾ Not to be underestimated; signifcant; not be undermined; a large number. ّ ﻟﻸﻟﻌﺎب/ .اﻟﻼﺟﺌﻮن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺨﯿﻤﺎت إﻟﻰ ﻣﺨﺎطﺮ ﺟﺴﺪﯾّﺔ وﻧﻔﺴﯿّﺔ ﻻ ﯾُﺴﺘﮭﺎن ﺑﮭﺎ ﯾﺘﻌﺮض َ ٌ ٌ أﻋﺪاد ﻻ ﯾُﺴﺘﮭﺎن ﺑﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄّﻠﺒﺔ ھﻨﺎك/ .ﺳﻠﻮك اﻟﻨّﺎس ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻻ ﯾُﺴﺘﮭﺎن ﺑﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﯿّﺔ ِ .ﻮاﺻﻠﻮن دراﺳﺎﺗﮭﻢ اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﯿّﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﯿﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﺎرج ُاﻟﻌﺮب اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﯾ َ 184 ﺣﺮف اﻟﻼم The refugees in refugee camps face physical and psychological risks that cannot be underestimated./PC games have a signifcant infuence on people’s behaviour./There are large numbers of Arab students who continue their postgraduate studies overseas. ﺒﺎر ﺸ ﱡ َ ُﻻ ﯾ ٌ ﻖ ﻟَﮫُ ُﻏ To be unrivalled or unsurpassable; to be very competent, prominent, or distinguished; cannot be beaten. ّ ُﻌﺪ ﺷﺨﺼﯿّﺔً ﻻ ﯾ ّ ُ ﻛﺎن ﯾ/ .ﯾﺸﻖ ﻟﮭﺎ ﻏﺒﺎر ّ ﺸﻖ ﻟﮭﺎ ﻏﺒﺎر ﻋﺎﻟﻤﯿﺔ ﻻ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدﯾﺔ ﻛﻘﻮة ﯾﺒﺮز ھﺬا اﻟﺒﻠﺪ ٍ ٍ ٍ ّ ُﺷﺎﻋﺮا ﻻ ﯾ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎل .ﺸﻖ ﻟﮫ ﻏﺒﺎر ﻓﻲ ِﺷﻌﺮ اﻟﻐﺰل ﻛﺎن/ .اﻟﻔﻨﻮن واﻵداب ً ِ This country is emerging as an unrivalled global economic power./He was considered as a matchless fgure in the felds of art and literature./He was an unsurpassable poet in love poetry. ﺷ ْﻲ ٌء َ ﻀﺎھﯿﮫ ُﻻ ﯾ ِ Nothing else comes close; unlike any other; incomparable; unmatched by any other. َﺣﯿﺎﺗﮫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ اﺳﺘﻄﺎع اﻟﻘﺮاءة ّ وﻗﺪ/ .ﻟﻠﻤﺮِة اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﺤﻈﺔً ﻻ ﺗُﻀﺎھﯿﮭﺎ ﻟﺤﻈﺔ ﻓﻲ ِ ُ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﻻ ﻧﮭﺪف إﻟﻰ ﺗﻮﻓﯿﺮ / .اﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ اﺣﺘﻠّﺖ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﺎﺗُﮫ ﻣﻜﺎﻧًﺎ ﻻ ﯾُﻀﺎھﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ اﻟﻔﻜﺮ ٍ ّ ّ أﻋﺘﻘﺪ ُ َ .طﺒﺦ واﻟﺪﺗﻲ ﻻ ﯾﻀﺎھﯿﮫ طﺒﺦ أن ﻣﺎ زﻟﺖ/ .ﯾﻀﺎھﯿﮭﺎ ﺷﻲء ﻟﻌﻤﻼﺋﻨﺎ It was a moment unlike any other in his life, when he was able to read for the frst time./His books occupied an incomparable place in the history of human thought./We aim to provide our customers with a service unmatched by any other./I still do not think anything comes close to my mother’s cooking. ﺻ ْﺒ ًﺮا ُ ُﻻ ﯾ َ ﻄﯿﻖ One cannot wait; one’s patience wears/runs thin. ُ ُھﻲ ﻻ ﺗ ﺻﺒﺮا ﻋﻠﻰ اﺳﺘﻤﺮار ُﻄﯿﻘﻮن ﺎس ﯾ ﻄﯿﻖ ُ ّ ﻟﻢ ﯾَُﻌﺪ اﻟﻨ/ .ﺻﺒﺮا ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﺮاك ﻣﺮةً أﺧﺮى ً ً َ ُ ﻟﻢ/ .ﻣﻤﺎ ﯾﻨﺒﻐﻲ دون ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ّ ﻣﻔﺎوﺿﺎت .ﺻﺒﺮا ﻋﻠﻰ ﻻﻣﺒﺎﻻﺗﻚ أﻋﺪ أطﯿﻖ اﻟﺴﻼم ً ٍ ّ ﻟﻔﺘﺮة أطﻮل 185 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases She cannot wait to see you again./People’s patience wore thin as the peace talks dragged on for too long with no results./My patience is running thin with your carelessness. ﺮورِة ﻻ ﯾَ ْﻌﻨﻲ ﱠ َ ﺑﺎﻟﻀ Does not necessarily mean. ّ ﺗﻨﺎﻗﺺ ّإﻻ ّ ّ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮورة اﻧﺨﻔﺎض ﻣﺴﺘﻮى أن ھﺬا ﻻ ﯾﻌﻨﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺰﻟﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻼﻏﺎت ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﻨﻒ إن ّ ِ ٍ ّ / .ﻣﺤﺼٌﻦ وﻟﺪﯾﻚ ﻣﻨﺎﻋﺔ ّ / .اﻻﻋﺘﺪاءات ّ ّ إن ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮورة أﻧّﻚ إن اﻟﺘّﻌﺎﻓﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﯿﺮوس ﻻ ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ّ .ﺗﺘﻢ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺘﮫُ ﻓﯿﻤﺎ ﺑَﻌﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻀ ﻮﻗﯿﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﻻ ﯾﻌﻨﻲ َ ّاﻟﺘ ّ ﺮورة أﻧّﮫ ﻟﻦ ِ Domestic abuse reports are decreasing, but that does not necessarily mean less abuse is happening./Recovering from a virus does not necessarily mean you are immune./The signing of the contract does not necessarily mean it will not be reviewed at a later time. ﻘﯿﻢ ﻟَﮫُ َوْزﻧًﺎ ُ ُﻻ ﯾ To have disregard to or show no respect to someone or something. ّ وﻗﺘﻠﮫُ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺎب،ﺷﻘﯿﻘﺘﮫ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻔﻮ ﻋﻦ زوﺟﮭﺎ ﻼت ﻟﻢ ﯾُﻘِﻢ وزﻧًﺎ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻟﻢ ﺗُﻘِﻢ وزﻧًﺎ/ .ﺧﯿﻤﺘﮫ ِ ِ ِ ﻟﺘﻮﺳ ّ / اﻟﺼﻌﺒﺔ؟ ّ اﺗﻔﺎﻗﯿﺎت أو ﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻦ ﻷﯾﺔ اﻷوﻗﺎت ﻟﻤﺸﺎﻋﺮھﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻠﻚ ٍ ِ إن اﻟﻤﻌﺘﺪي ﻻ ﯾُﻘﯿﻢ وزﻧًﺎ ِ .دوﻟﯿّﺔ He disregarded his sister’s pleas to pardon her husband and killed him at the door of his tent./Why did you disregard her feelings in those diffcult times?/ The aggressor has no regard for any international agreements or laws. ﺷْﻲٍء َ / ﻻ ﯾَْﻠﻮي َﻋﻠﻰ أَ َﺣٍﺪ Not to care about anything or anyone; to have no consideration to anything; to pay no attention to; to be utterly reckless. ّ ّ ﯾﺨﺮج ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺒﺎح اﻟﺴ اﻟﺠﻨﻲ ﻣﺎ إن رأى اﻟﻤﺼﺒﺎح ووﻟّﻰ ﺣﺘﻰ رﻣﻰ ﻋﻼء اﻟﺪﯾﻦ،ﺤﺮي ُ َ ّ / .ﺗﺄﻛﻞ وﺗﺸﺮب ﺛﻢ ﺗﺨﺮج وأﻧﺖ ﻻ ﺗﻠﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻲء َ ﻻ ﯾُﻤﻜﻨﻚ أن/ .ھﺎرﺑًﺎ ﻻ ﯾَﻠﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻲء ّ ﯾﻘﻮم ﺑﺈﻟﻘﺎء ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻘﺎﺗِﮫ .اﻟﺴﺎﺧﺮة دون أن ﯾﻠﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ أﺣﺪ ُ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎن 186 ﺣﺮف اﻟﻼم As soon as he saw the genie appear from the magic lamp, Aladdin dropped the lamp and ran away, not caring about anything./You do not eat and drink, then you leave, not caring about anything./He was making his sarcastic comments without paying attention to anyone. ِﺼﻠَ ٍﺔ ﻟــ ِ ِﻻ ﯾَ ُﻤﱡﺖ ﺑ To be not related to; to bear no relation; to have no relevance; nothing to do with. ّ ﻗﺪﻣﮫ ّإن اﻟﺘ ّ ﻮﺿﯿﺢ اﻟﺬي ّ اﻧﺪﻟﻊ/ .ﺑﺼﻠﺔ اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ َ ِ ﻟﻈﺎھﺮة ﻗﻮس ﻗُﺰح ﻟﻢ ﯾﻤﺖ ﻟﻠﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﯿّﺔ ِ ّ رﺟﻼ ﻻ ً ّ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﻲ ٌ ﻣﻮاﻓﻘﺔ أﺧﺬ ﺗﺰوج ﻣﻦ إﺣﺪى ﻧﺴﺎء ﻷن ﻧﺰاع ّ ﺑﺼﻠﺔ ِ ِ اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ دون ِ ِ ﯾﻤﺖ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﱞ ّ ﻟﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ّ أھﺪاف ﻻ ٌ ّ ﻟﺪى ﺑﻌﺾ/ .ﻋﻤﮭﺎ .اﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﺑﺼﻠﺔ ﯿﺎﺳﯿﯿﻦ اﻟﺴ َ ّ ِ ِ ﺗﻤﺖ The student’s explanation of the rainbow phenomenon was not related to any scientifc facts./A family dispute erupted when a man who was not related to the family married one of their women without the consent of her uncle./Some politicians have goals that are not related to serving the interest of the people. ﻘﯿﺮ َ ﻻ ﯾَْﻤﻠُِﻚ ٍ َﺷْﺮوى ﻧ To own or have absolutely nothing; not have a red cent to one’s name. ُ ﻟﻢ/ .ﯾﻤﻠﻚ ﺷﺮوى ﻧﻘﯿﺮ ّ ﯾﺒﺪو ُ ُ ّ أن ﯾﻤﻠﻚ ﺷﺮوى ﻧﻘﯿﺮ ﯾﻜﻦ اﻟﻐﻨﻰ ﻻ ﺟﻞ اﻟﺬي ﺗﺒﺪو ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ُ َ اﻟﺮ ِ ﻣﻼﻣﺢ ّ .وﺗﻮﺟﮫ إﻟﻰ ﻧﻮاﻛﺸﻮط ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ُھﺠﺮ أﺳﺮﺗﮫ َ It seems that the wealthy-appearing man owns absolutely nothing./He was destitute and had absolutely nothing when he deserted his family and went to Nouakchott. ﻖ َ ِ ُﻻح ﻓﻲ اﻷُﻓ To be in sight; to appear on the horizon; to be looming on the horizon. ٌ ُ ّ ٌ ﺳﻮق اﻷوراق اﻟﻤﺎﻟﯿّﺔ / .ﯾﻠﻮح ﻓﻲ اﻷﻓﻖ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ واﻟﺮﻛﻮد / .ﻠﻮح ﻓﻲ اﻷﻓُﻖ اﻧﺘﺼﺎر ُ ُ َﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﯾ ّ ٌ ﱡ .ﯾﻠﻮح ﻓﻲ اﻷﻓُﻖ ﻛﺒﯿﺮ وﺗﺤﺴٌﻦ ﯾَﺘﻌﺎﻓﻰ ُ A new victory is in sight./A global recession is looming on the horizon./The stock market is recovering, and a big improvement is up ahead. 187 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases َ ﺮار ِ ِﻻذ ﺑﺎِﻟﻔ To escape; to fee. ُ أﺣﺠﻤﺖ ﻗﻮة/ .ﻗﺘﻞ ﺿﺎﺑﻄَﻲ ﺷﺮطﺔ ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺔ ﻻذ ِ ُ ِ أﻗﺪم ﻋﻠﻰ َ اﻟﻤﺠﺮم ﺑﺎﻟﻔِﺮار إﻟﻰ اﻟﺠﺒﺎل ﺑﻌﺪ أن ّ ّ اﻷطﺒﺎء ﻓﻮﺟﺊ/ .ﻣﻄﺎردة ﻗﻄﺎع اﻟﻄﺮق ﺑﻌﺪ أن ﻻذوا ﺑﺎﻟﻔِﺮار ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﺤﺪود اﻟﺤﺪود ﻋﻦ ُ ِ ُ ﺑﺎﻟﺴّﻞ وھﻮ ّ اﻟﺤﺠﺮ .اﻟﺼّﺤّﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺮﯾﺾ اﻟﻤﺼﺎب ﱢ َ ﯾﻠﻮذ ﺑﺎﻟﻔِﺮار ﻣﻦ The criminal fed to the mountains after murdering two police offcers./The border protection force refrained from following the bandits after they fed across the border./The doctors were taken by surprise when a patient with tuberculosis escaped the quarantine. َ ﻟَ ِﺰَم ُﺣ ُﺪوده Not to overstep the bounds or limits; to observe the rules; not to go beyond what is socially allowed. اﻟﻤﮭﻢ أن ﺗﻌﺮف ﻛﯿﻒ ﺗﻠﺰم إﻧّﮭﺎ ﻓﺘﺎةٌ ﻣﺘﺤﺮرة وﻣﻦ َ ّ ُ أﻣﺮه/ .ﺣﺪودھﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻆ ّ ﺣﺪودك ُ ُ ﺳﯿﻀﻤﻦ ﻟﻚ ﻓﺈن ذﻟﻚ ﺗﻠﺰم ﯾﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺣﺪوده ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﯾﻠﺰم ُ َ َ ِ ُ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ/ .واﻟﺪﺗﮫ َ واﻟﺪه ﺑﺄن .ﺣﯿﺎةً ﺑﻼ ﻣﺘﺎﻋﺐ She is a free-minded young woman. It is important that she knows how to observe her bounds in that conservative society./His father ordered him to stay within his bounds when dealing with his mother./Not overstepping your limits will guarantee you a life without trouble. ﺐ َدْوًرا َ ﻟَ ِﻌ To play a role in something. ّ دورا أﺳﺎﺳﯿًﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ُ ّ ﺳﻜﺮ ّ ﺗﻮﻗّﻔﻲ ﻋﻦ ﻟﻌﺐ دور/ .اﻟﺪّم اﻟﻀﺤﯿﺔ واﺑﺤﺜﻲ ﺗﻠﻌﺐ ً اﻟﻌﻀﻼت ّ ﯾﻠﻌﺐ/ .ﺗﺠﻌﻠﻚ ﺳﻌﯿﺪة ُ اﻟﺸ ّ دورا ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘّﻄﻮرات اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺳﯿّﺔ واﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﯾّﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺎت أﺷﯿﺎء ﻋﻦ ً ِ َ .اﻷﺻﻠﻲ ﺑﻠﺪھﻢ ّ Muscles play an essential role in blood sugar regulation./Stop playing the victim’s role and start looking for things that make you happy./The diaspora plays a role in the political and economic developments in their country of origin. 188 ﺣﺮف اﻟﻼم ران ﻒ َو ﱠ اﻟﻠﱠ ﱡ اﻟﺪَو ُ To beat around the bush. ﻧﺮﯾﺪ اﻟﺤﻘﯿﻘﺔَ واﺿﺤﺔً ﺟﻠﯿّﺔً دون ﱟ ُ ﻟﻒ أو دوران / .ﱢ داﻋﻲ ﱢ ﻟﻠﻒ ﺗﻘﺼﺪھﺎ وﻻ ﺣﺪد ﻟﻲ اﻟﻨّﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ َ ّ ﻟﻨﻜﻒ ﻋﻦ ﱢ أﻓﻀﻞ ﺣﺎل. اﻟﻠﻒ واﻟﺪوران ﻓﻨﺤﻦ اﻵن ﻟﺴﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ واﻟﺪوران/ . ِ We want the truth straight and honest; do not beat around the bush./There is no reason to beat around the bush; get to the point!/Let us not beat around the bush; the current situation is far from ideal. ﻟَﻔَ َ ﻔﺎﺳﮫُ اﻷَﺧﯿﺮةَ ﻆ أَ ْﻧ َ To die; to breathe one’s last. اﻷﻣﻢ اﻟﻤﺘّﺤﺪة ﺗﻠﻔﻆُ ﯾﺒﺪو ّ اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺳﯿّﺔَ اﻟﺘﻲ ُ أن اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿّﺔَ ّ أﻧﻔﺎﺳﮫ اﻟﺮﺟﻞ أﻧﻔﺎﺳﮭﺎ اﻷﺧﯿﺮة / .ﻟﻔﻆ ﺗﻘﻮدھﺎ ُ َ َ ُ ﺑﻮاﺑﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ دون أن ﯾُﺴﻌﻔﮫُ أﺣﺪ. اﻷﺧﯿﺮة أﻣﺎم ِ It looks like the UN-led political process is breathing its last./The man died at the gate of the hospital without anyone helping him. ﻟُ ْﻘَﻤﺔٌ ﺳﺎﺋَِﻐﺔٌ To be an easy prey or easy target. ﺒﺎب ﻟﻘﻤﺔً ﺳﺎﺋﻐﺔً ﻗﻠﻖ ﻣﻦ أن ﯾُﺼﺒﺢ ّ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻈﻤﺎت اﻹرھﺎﺑﯿﺔّ / . وھﻨﺎك ٌ ﻔﻦ ّ إن ّ اﻟﺮاﺳﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺸ ُ اﻟﺴ َ ِ أرﺻﻔﺔ اﻟﻤﯿﻨﺎء ھﻲ ﻟﻘﻤﺔٌ ﺳﺎﺋﻐﺔٌ ﻟﻠﻌﺼﺎﺑﺎت اﻹﺟﺮاﻣﯿّﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿّﺔ / .وﻗﺪ ﺛﺒﺖ ّ أن اﻟﻄّﺒﯿﻌﺔ طﻮل ِ ِ أﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﻟﻘﻤﺔً ﺳﺎﺋﻐﺔً ﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت اﻟﺘّﻌﺪﯾﻦ. ِ There is a concern that young men might become an easy target for terrorist organisations./Ships moored along the port’s quays are easy prey for local criminal gangs./Nature has proven to be easy prey for the mining companies. ﺶ ﻟُ ْﻘَﻤﺔُ َﻋْﯿ ٍ One’s daily bread; one’s keep; one’s living. ﺎت طﻮﯾﻠﺔً ﺟﻞ ﻟﻘﻤﺔَ ﻣﮫ ﺑﺄﻋﻤﺎِل ا ّ ﯾﻜﺴﺐ ا ّ ﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻨﺎﯾﺘﻨﺎ/ . ُ ﻟﺮ ُ ُ ﯾﺴﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﺰارﻋﻮن ﻣﺴﺎﻓ ٍ ﻟﺼﯿﺎ ِ ﻋﯿﺸﮫ ﺑﻘﯿﺎ ِ ِ ﻋﯿﺸﮭﻢ / .و ٌ ﻟﻘﻤﺔ اﻟﻌﯿﺶ. ﺟﻞ ِ ﻛﻲ ﯾﺒﯿﻌﻮا ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎﺗِﮭﻢ وﯾﻜﺴﺒﻮا ﻟﻘﻤﺔَ ِ ﻛﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨّﺎس ﯾﻜﺎﻓﺤﻮَن ﻣﻦ أ ِ 189 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases The man earns his keep by doing maintenance in our building./Farmers walk long distances to sell their produce and earn their daily bread./Many people are struggling to put food on the table. ﺳﺎ ً ﻟَﻘﱠﻨَﮫُ َدْر To teach someone a lesson; to cure someone of something negative. ّ درﺳﺎ أﻻ وھﻮ ﯾﻌﺘﻘِﺪ/ .ﻨﻔﻊ ﻓﻲ اﻟﯿﻮِم اﻷﺳﻮد ﺐء اّﻟﺪﯾﻮن ُ َﺮش اﻷﺑﯿﺾ ﯾ ً ُ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻟﻘّﻨﮭﺎ ﻋ َ ِإن اﻟﻘ ّ ﻒ ُ ّاﻟﻤﻮظ درﺳﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻟﺘﺰام أن اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ اﻟﺘﻲ واﺟﮭﮭﺎ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺪﯾﺮه ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻗﺪ ﻟﻘّﻨﺘﮫ ً َ إن اﻷﺣ ّ ﺿﯿﻦ ﻮد ﺪاث اﻷﺧﯿﺮةَ ﻗﺪ ﻟﻘّﻨﺘﮫ وﻗﺎل/ .ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮاﻋﯿﺪ ُ ً َ ﻛﺒﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﻔﺎو ٍ درﺳﺎ ﺑﻌﺪم إﻋﻄﺎِء وﻋ ّ / .دون اﺳﺘﺸﺎرة ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﯾﮫ ُ ھﺪد ﻗﺎ ً درﺳﺎ ﻟﻦ ﯾﻨﺴﺎهُ أ .ﺑﺪا ﺋﺪ اﻟﺠﯿﺶ ﺑﺎﻧﺘﻘﺎٍم ﯾُﻠﻘّﻦ اﻟﻌﺪّو ً The burden of debt taught her a lesson: Save money for a rainy day./The employee believes that the problems he had with his manager taught him a lesson in punctuality./The chief negotiator said that the latest events taught him a lesson not to give promises without consulting his aides./The army commander threatened with retaliation, which will teach the enemy a lesson that they will never forget. ﻋﺎﻧﻰ اﻷََﻣﱠﺮْﯾِﻦ/ ذاق َ / ﻻﻗﻰ/ ﻟَﻘَِﻲ To live through an extremely diffcult or painful experience; to go to hell and back over something. ّ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻋﺎﻧﻰ/ .ﻷﺳﺎﻧﺪھﺎ اﻷﻣﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻦ ھﺬا اﻟﺤﺎدث وأﻧﺎ ھﻨﺎ ﺑﺠﺎﻧﺒﮭﺎ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻻﻗﺖ اﺑﻨﺔُ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ُ َ ّ ّ اﻟﻤﻮاﻓﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺟﻞ ﻟﻘﺪ ذاق طﺎﻟﺒﻮ اﻟﻠّﺠﻮء/ .ُﯾﻨﺸﺮ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﮫ اﻷﻣﺮﯾﻦ ﻟﺴﻨﻮات ﻛﻲ َ ِ ِ اﻷﻣﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻦ .طﻠﺒﺎﺗﮭﻢ My cousin went through hell and back from this accident, and I am here to support her./The writer had been through hell and back for years to publish his book./The asylum seekers went through hell and back to get their cases approved. ُﻟَﻘَِﻲ َﺣْﺘﻔَﮫ To be killed; to die; to meet one’s death. 190 ﺣﺮف اﻟﻼم ﻟﻘﯿﺖ اﻟﻤﺮأةُ ﺣﺘﻔَﮭﺎ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﺳﺘﻨﺸﺎﻗِﮭﺎ وﻗﺪ/ .طﺎﺋﺮﺗﮫ ّﺎر ﺣﺘﻔَﮫُ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎل أﺛﻨﺎء ﺗﺤﻄّﻢ ُ ﻟﻘﻲ اﻟﻄّﯿ ِ ِ َ وﻗﺪ ّ ﻋﺸﺮات اﻷﻟﻮف ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻨﻮد ُ ّ اﻟﻐﺎز ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ أراس ﺧﻼل اﻟﺤﺮب اﻟﺸﺒﺎب ﺣﺘﻔَﮭﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻘﻲ/ .ﺎم ّ اﻟﺴ ِ .اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﯿّﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ The pilot was killed instantly in the plane crash./The woman has died from inhalation of poisonous gas./Tens of thousands of young soldiers met their end during the Battle of Arras during WWI. ﻟَ ْﻢ ﯾَ ْﻌَﮭْﺪهُ ِﻣْﻦ ﻗَ ْﺒﻞ To have never been seen or experienced before; unprecedented; to have never been the norm. ّ اﻟﻮﺑﺎء اﻟﻤﺮأة وھﻮ ﻟﻘﺪ أﺑﺮز ﻋﻤﻠُﮭﻢ دور/ .اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺮات ﻟﻢ ﯾﻌﮭﺪھﺎ ﻟﻘﺪ َﺟﻠﺐ ُ ٍ ّﯾﺎت وﺗﻐﯿ ٍ ﺗﺤﺪ ِ ُ ُ ٌ .ﻧﻌﮭﺪھﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻟﻢ، دﻣﺸﻖ/ .أﻣﺮ ﻟﻢ ﯾُﻌﮭَﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ The pandemic has brought challenges and changes that the world has never experienced before./Their work has highlighted the role of women, something that had never been done before./Damascus, as we have never seen it before. ﺾ ﻟَﮫُ َﺟْﻔٌﻦ ْ ﻟَ ْﻢ ﯾَ ْﻐَﻤ Not be able to catch a wink of sleep; not to relent; to be devoted or determined to do something. ٌ ﯾﻐﻤﺾ ﻟﻠﺠﯿﺶ ٌ ﻟﻢ ﯾﻐﻤﺾ ﻟﮫ ﺟﻔﻦ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻟﻦ/ .ﻣﻮﺗﮫ ﺛﺮوﺗﮫ ﺑﻌﺪ ﯿﻠﺔ ﻗﻠﻘًﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ َ ِ ِ ِ ّﺟﻔﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻠ ٌ ﯾﻐﻤﺾ ﻟﮫ ُ ﺣﯿﺎﺗﮫ ﺳﻌﯿًﺎ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ طﻮال ﺟﻔﻦ ﻟﻢ ﯾﻜﻦ/ .رﺑﻮع اﻟﺒﻼد اﻷﻣﻦ ﻓﻲ ﯾﺴﺘﺘﺐ ُ َ ِ ِ .اﻟﻌﺪاﻟﺔ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿّﺔ ِ That night, he could not catch a wink of sleep worrying about the fate of his fortune after his death./The army will not relent until security is established throughout the country./He devoted his life to the pursuit of social justice. َ / ﺷﻔَ ٍﺔ ﺖ َ ﺖ ْ ِﻟَ ْﻢ ﯾَْﻨﺒ ﻻذ ﺑِ ﱠ ِ ﺎﻟﺼْﻤ ِ ﺲ ﺑِﺒِْﻨ To say nothing; to be completely silent; not to utter a word. ً ﻓﺈن ّ ﺑﺎﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﯾﻨﺒﺲ أﺣﺪا ﻟﻦ ﺗﻢ اﻟﻄّﻠﺐ إﻟﯿﮭﺎ ﻟﻢ ﺗَﻨﺒﺲ َ ، اطﻤﺌﻦ/ .اﻟﺴﺆال َ ّ ﺑﺒﻨﺖ ﺷﻔﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ِ ِ .ﺣﺪث ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺲ َ ﻋﻤﺎ ّ ﺑﺒﻨﺖ ﺷﻔﺔ ِ 191 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases She said nothing when she was asked to answer the question./Rest assured, nobody will talk about what happened yesterday. إﻟﻰ َﻣْﻦ ﯾَ ُﮭﱡﻤﮫُ اﻷَْﻣُﺮ/ ﻟِ َﻤْﻦ To Whom It May Concern; that concerns anybody. اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﺪﻧﯿّﺔ ﯾﮭﻤﮫ اﻷﻣﺮ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ دﯾﻮان ﺳﺘُﻌﻠَﻦ ُ ّ وﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻤﻦ،اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻓﻲ اﻷﺳﺒﻮع اﻟﻤﻘﺒﻞ ِ ّ ،ﯾﮭﻤﮫ اﻷﻣﺮ ّ ﻛﻤﺤﺮٍر أﺗﻘﺪُم ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻘﺎﻟﺘﻲ ِﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺼﺒﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ٍ ّ إﻟﻰ ﻣﻦ/ .ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ّ اﻷوﻗﺎت ّ إﻟﻰ/ .ﻓﻲ ﺻﺤﯿﻔﺘﻜﻢ .اﻟﺼﻌﺒﺔ اﻋﺘﻨﻮا ﺑﺄطﻔﺎﻟِﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ھﺬه،ﯾﮭﻤﮫُ اﻷﻣﺮ ّ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ِ The results will be announced next week. Anyone who is concerned about the matter may visit the Civil Service Bureau to obtain a copy of the results./ To whom it may concern, I hereby tender my resignation from the position of editor in your newspaper./To all whom it may concern, take care of your children in these diffcult times. ﻮﯾﻞ ٌ ُﻟَﮫ ٌ َﺑﺎع ط To have a long-standing knowledge or record in something; to have a long history in something; to possess a long experience or deep knowledge in something. ُاﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ّ ھﺬه ّ / .ﺣﻘﻮق اﻟﻤﻠﻜﯿّﺔ اﻟﻔﺮدﯾّﺔ ٌ اﻟﻤﻌﺘﻤﺪةُ ﻟﮭﺎ ّ اﺣﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ إن ﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ َ اﻟﺠﺮ ِ ّﺑﺎع طﻮﯾﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘ َ ِ ٌ اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻨﻔّﺬة ٌ ھﺬا اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ ﻟﯿﺲ ﻟﮭﻢ ٌ ٌ طﻮﯾﻞ ﺑﺎع ﻟﮭﺬه/ .اﻟﺠﺮاﺣﺔ اﻟﻌﺼﺒﯿّﺔ طﻮﯾﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺎع ِ ِ ّ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ .اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻼد This accredited company has a long-standing and deep knowledge in dealing with intellectual property rights./The surgeons in this hospital do not possess deep experience in neurosurgery./This infuential family has a considerable history of infuence over the politics of the country. اﻟﺤﱢﺮﯾﱠ ِﺔ ُ َﻟَﮫُ ُﻣْﻄﻠ ُ ﻖ To be given complete freedom to do as one wishes. وﺑﻤﻮﺟﺐ/ .ﻟﻠﻜﺘّﺎب ﻣﻄﻠﻖ اﻟﺤﺮﯾّﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ آراﺋﮭﻢ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻌﺎرﺿﺔً ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ّ ﺷﺮوط ھﺬا اﻟﻌﻘﺪ اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﮫ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ اﻟﺤﺮﯾّﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺴﺦ ﻋﻘﺪ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ وﻣﻦ دون ﻓﺈن َ ِ ِ 192 ﺣﺮف اﻟﻼم ّ اﻟﺬھﺎب إﻟﻰ ّ إﻟﻰ إظﮭﺎر ﺗﺮﻏﺒﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻜﺎن أي ﻟﻚ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ اﻟﺤﺮﯾّﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﺒﺐ َ ِ ِ / .اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺐ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ِ ٍ .اﻟﺬھﺎب إﻟﯿﮫ ِ Writers have complete freedom to express their opinions and viewpoints, even when they are against the government./Under the terms of this contract, the employer has complete freedom to terminate the employment contract, with no need to show due cause./You have the complete freedom to go wherever you like. ﻟَﮫُ اﻟﯿَ ُﺪ ﱡ اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻰ To be instrumental in something; to have the sole power; to play a pivotal or central role; to have power over something; to be the most infuential in doing something. ّ ﺳﺘﻜﻮن/ .ﻣﻮﻗﻌﮫ ﻟﻠﺸﺒﺎب اﻟﯿﺪ ﺗﻨﺤﯿﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺲ ﻋﻦ اﻟﯿﺪ اﻟﻄّﻮﻟﻰ ﻓﻲ ّ ِ ِ ِ ﮭﺎﻣﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧّﮭﺎ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﺔ ُ ّﺗﻢ اﺗ ّ ّ ّ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ اﻟﯿﺪ اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻌﻘّﺐ اﻟﺨﻼﯾﺎ اﻹرھﺎﺑﯿّﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻮات / .ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺮ ِ ِ ّ ﻟﻠﻤﮭﻨﺪﺳﯿﻦ اﻟﯿﺪ اﻟﻄّﻮﻟﻰ ﻓﻲ ّ ﯾﺒﺪو/ .ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ .اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ أن َ She has been accused of being instrumental in ousting the president from his position./The youth will have the sole power to determine the future of the region./The Special Forces play a pivotal role in tracking the terrorist cells in the area./It seems that the engineers have the power over the company. 193 م ﺣﺮف اﻟﻤﯿﻢ اﻟﺴﻄﻮر ُ ﻣﺎ ﺑَ ْﯿَﻦ To read between the lines. ُ ّ ﻋﻠﯿﻚ أن ﺗﻘﺮأ ﻣﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﺎھﺪت اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻘﺪ/ .ﻣﻘﺎﻟﺘﮫ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻓﻲ ُ ِ ُﺗﻔﮭﻢ ﻣﺎ ﯾﻘﺼﺪه َ اﻟﺴﻄﻮر ﻟﻜﻲ َﯾﻘﺪر اﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ّ اﻟﺴﻄﻮر أﻧّﮫ ﻻ ّ ﺗﻔﮭﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ .اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻟﻘﻀﺎﯾﺎ اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ ِ َ اﻟﺘّﻠﻔﺰﯾﻮﻧﯿّﺔ وﯾﻤﻜﻨﻚ أن ّ ﻗﺮاءة ﻣﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ .اﻟﺴﻄﻮر أطﻮَر ﻣﮭﺎرﺗﻲ ﻓﻲ إﻧّﻨﻲ/ ُ ّ أﺣﺎول أن ِ You have to read between the lines to understand what the writer implies in his article./I have watched the interview, and you could read between the lines that he did not appreciate the government’s response to the environmental issues./I am trying to develop my skills in reading between the lines. اﻟﺴْﻨﺪان اﻟﻤْﻄَﺮﻗَ ِﺔ َو ﱢ ِ ﻣﺎ ﺑَ ْﯿَﻦ Between the hammer and the anvil; between a rock and a hard place; between the devil and the deep blue sea. ّ وﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﻧﯿّﺔ وﺳﻨﺪان اﻟﻘﻮاﻧﯿﻦ ّ ﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻦ ﻛﺎن/ .اﻟﺪﯾﻨﯿّﺔ ﻣﻄﺮﻗﺔ وﺟﺪ ﻧﻔﺴﮫُ ﻣﻀﻐﻮطًﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ ِ اﻟﺪ ِ ِ ّ ﻗﺒﻮﻟﮫ ّ ّ اﻷﺟﻨﺒﻲ وﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮي ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ إﻟﻰ،واﻟﺴﻨﺪان اﻟﻤﻄﺮﻗﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺲ ﻋﺎﻟﻘًﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ ُ ّ ِ ِ ّ ﺳﯿﺎدة .اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ ﻈﮭﺮ وﺻﯿًّﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ َ َأن ﯾ ِ Pressed on one hand by the state’s secular laws, on the other by the religious laws, he found himself between the hammer and the anvil./ The president was stuck between a rock and a hard place, the need to accept foreign military support while appearing the guardian of the state’s sovereignty. 194 DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-25 ﺣﺮف اﻟﻤﯿﻢ ﺖ َ ُﻣﺘﱠ ِ اﻟﻮْﻗ َ ﺴٌﻊ ِﻣَﻦ Plenty of time; ample time; enough time. ٌ ّﻣﺎ ﯾﺰال ﻟﺪ ﯾﻚ ﻣﺘ ﺴﻌﺎ ً ّ ُﻣﻨﺢ ا ﻟﺒﺮ ﻟﻤﺎ ن ﻣﺘ/ . ﻗﺖ ﻟﻺﻋﺪاد ﻟﺪراﺳﺘﻚ ا ﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﯿّﺔ ِ ﺴﻊ ﻣﻦ ا ﻟﻮ ّﺴﻌﺎ ﻣﻦ ا ﻟﻮ ﻗﺖ ﻟﻠﺘ ﺴﺠﯿﻞ ﻓﻲ ً ّ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﺎ ھﻢ ﻣﺘ/ . ﯾﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ا ﻟﻤﻌﺎ ھﺪ ة ِ ِ ﻣﻦ ا ﻟﻮ ﻗﺖ ﻟﻠﺘّﺼﺪ . ا ﻟﺒﺮ ﻧﺎ ﻣﺞ You still have plenty of time to prepare for your future studies./The parliament is given ample time to ratify the treaty./We have given them enough time to sign up for the programme. ْ َﻣﺘﻰ ﻣﺎ اﻗﺘَﻀﻰ اﻷَْﻣُﺮ Whenever necessary; whenever required; as necessary. ّ ّ ﺎل ﺑﺎ ول ﺗﻢ َ ﺣﺚ اﻟﻤﻮا ّ ِ ﻋﻠﻰ اّﻟﺪ/ .ﻟﺴﻔﺎرة ﻣﺘﻰ ﻣﺎ اﻗﺘﻀﻰ اﻷﻣﺮ ذﻟﻚ ِ طﻨﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺗّﺼ ﻟﺘﻨﺴﺠﻢ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺒﺎدئ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯿّﺔ ﻟﺤﻘﻮق اﻹﻧﺴﺎن ﻣﺘﻰ ﻣﺎ اﻗﺘﻀﻰ ّﻒ ﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻨﮭﺎ َ اﻷﻋﻀﺎء أن ﺗﻜﯿ َ ّ / .اﻷﻣﺮ ذﻟﻚ ّ ﻟﻠﺸﺮطﺔ ا ّ ﻟﺤﻖ ﻓﻲ دﺧﻮل ﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ أواﻣﺮ اﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎل ﻣﺘﻰ ﻣﺎ اﻗﺘﻀﻰ أي ﻣﺒﻨﻰ ِ .اﻷﻣﺮ ذﻟﻚ The citizens were urged to contact the embassy whenever necessary./Whenever necessary, member states should adapt their national laws to meet the basic principles of human rights./The police may, whenever necessary, enter any building to execute a warrant of arrest. ﺜﺎل ﯾُ ْﺤﺘَﺬى ﺑِِﮫ ٌ ِﻣ An example to be followed or emulated; to be/become a role model. ً ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ/ .ﻣﺜﺎﻻ ﯾُﺤﺘﺬى ﺑﮫ ﻓﻲ دول اﻟﻌﺎﻟَﻢ اﻷﺧﺮى ً ﺳﺘُﺼﺒﺢ طﺮﯾﻘﺔُ إداراﺗﮭﻢ ﻣﺜﺎﻻ ﯾُﺤﺘﺬى ﺑﮫ ً ﺗﻜﻮن ُ ُ ﯾ/ .ﻧﺎﺷﺊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨّﺴﺎء .ﻣﺜﺎﻻ ﯾُﺤﺘﺬى ﺑﮫ ﻟﻠﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﯾﻦ أن ﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﺠﯿﻞ َ ِ ٍ ٍ Their leadership model will become an example to be followed by the rest of the world./She was a role model for an emerging generation of women./ The relationship between the two countries may serve as an example to be emulated. 195 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases ﺮاﺣِﮫ ِ ُﻣْﺜَﺨٌﻦ ﺑِِﺠ To be heavily or badly wounded. ّ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ/ .اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ّ ٌ ّ أن ّ ّ ﻣﺜﺨﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺮاح ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﻀﺎﺑﻂَ ﻛﺎن اﻟﺮﻛﻮد اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎد إن َ ٌ وﯾﺤﺘﺎج إﻟﻰ ﻣﺜﺨﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺮاح اﻟﺒﻠﺪ واﺻﻞ ﻗﯿﺎدة ّإﻻ إﻧّﮫ،ﻣﺜﺨﻨًﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺮاح ُ َ إن/ .وﺣﺪﺗﮫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺘﺎل َ ِ .ﺑﺬل اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﮭﻮد ﻛﻲ ﯾﺘﻌﺎﻓﻰ The economy has been badly wounded by the recession./Despite being badly wounded, the offcer continued to lead his unit in combat./This country is heavily wounded and needs a lot of work to heal. ﻘﺎل َذﱠرٍة ُ ِﻣْﺜ Iota; a tiny amount; literally: ant’s weight. ّ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻈّﺮوف ﻟﻢ ﺗﻘﻮﻣﻮا/ .ذرة ﻣﻦ اﻻھﺘﻤﺎم ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻀﯿﺔ اﻟﺼﻌﺒﺔ ّإﻻ أﻧّﮫ ﻟﻢ ﯾﻔﻘﺪ ٍ ﻣﺜﻘﺎل َ “ ﺳﻮرة.ﺧﯿﺮا ﯾﺮه ﯾﻌﻤﻞ وﻣﻦ ذرة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ُ ً ذرة ٍ ﻣﺜﻘﺎل ٍ ﺑﻤﺜﻘﺎل َ ّ َ ” / .اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ اﻟﺠﺎﻟﯿﺔ .اﻟﺰﻟﺰﻟﺔ Despite the diffcult circumstances, he has not lost an iota of interest in the case./You have not done an iota of group work for the community./“And whoever shall have wrought an ant’s weight of good shall behold it” [Quran 99:7]. ﺰاز ْ ﺜﯿﺮ ﻟِِﻼ ٌ ُﻣ ٍ ﺷٍﻤْﺌ To be disgusting or revolting. ً طﻌﺎﻣﺎ ٌ ٌ ﺷﺨﺺ آﺧﺮ ﻟﺬﯾﺬا ﺷﮭﯿًّﺎ ﻗﺪ ﯾﻌﺘﺒﺮه ﻟﻘﺪ/ .ﻣﺜﯿﺮا ﻟﻼﺷﻤﺌﺰاز طﻌﺎﻣﺎ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﺎ ً ُﻣﺎ ﯾﺮاه ً ً .وﻣﺜﯿﺮا ﻟﻼﺷﻤﺌﺰاز ﻛﺎن ﻣﺤﺘﻮى اﻟﻔﯿﻠﻢ اﺳﺘﻔﺰازﯾًﺎ ً What is delicious to one person can be revolting to another./The content of the flm was provocative and disgusting. ﺠﺎب ٌ ُﻣ ِ ﺜﯿﺮ ﻟِْﻺْﻋ To be impressive or admirable. 196 ﺣﺮف اﻟﻤﯿﻢ ُﻌﺪ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ّ ّ ُﺗ ُ إﻋﺠﺎب اﻟﻔﻨﺎن أﺛﺎر/ .واﻟﺸﺮﻗﯿّﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﺎرة اﻟﻐﺮﺑﯿّﺔ ﻣﺜﯿﺮا ﻟﻺﻋﺠﺎب ﱟ ً ﻧﻤﻮذﺟﺎ ً َ ّ / .اﻟﺮﺳﻢ ّ ﺑﺄﺳﻠﻮﺑﮫ اﻟﻔﺮﯾﺪ ﻓﻲ ّ ﻣﺮ إن أﻓﻜﺎرھﺎ اﻟﻤﺒﺘﻜﺮة ﻣﺜﯿﺮةٌ ﻹﻋﺠﺎب اﻟﺴﻨﯿﻦ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﱢ ِ .اﻟﻌﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨُﻘّﺎد ِ The district is an impressive example of both Western and Oriental architecture./The artist has impressed many over the years with his unique painting style./Her innovative ideas are admirable by many critics. ﺒﺎه ٌ ُﻣ ِ ِﺜﯿﺮ ﻟِِﻼْﻧﺘ To catch one’s attention; to be eye-catching. ُ وﻗﺪ أﺛﺎرت اھﺘﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻻﻓﺘﺔ/ .اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻮﻗﯿﻦ ُﯾﺤﺘﻞ اﻟﺒﺎﻋﺔ ّ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﻮﻟﻮن ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ ﻣﺜﯿﺮةً ﻟﻼﻧﺘﺒﺎه ﻟﺠﺬب َ ﱢ .ﺟﺎرﻧﺎ ٍ ِ ﻧﻌﻲ ﺳﻮداء ﻣﻌﻠﻘﺔ أﻣﺎم ﻣﻨﺰل The street vendors occupy eye-catching positions to attract shoppers./The black funeral banner that was hanging in front of our neighbour’s house caught my eye. ﻤﺎم ٌ ُﻣ ِ ِﺜﯿﺮ ﻟِِﻼْھﺘ To be/become interesting; to arouse interest. ُ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع أﺛﺎر ھﺬا ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ُ ُ َ َ وﻗﺪ/ .اﻷﻓﻜﺎر ﻣﺜﯿﺮةً ﻟﻼھﺘﻤﺎم ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗُﻜﺘﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮرق .اﻻھﺘﻤﺎم ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺆﺗﻤﺮ Ideas become interesting when they are written on paper./This subject aroused a lot of interest in the conference. ﺜﯿﺮ ﻟِْﻠَﺠَﺪِل ٌ ُﻣ To be controversial. ّ ﻟﯿﺴﺖ ھﺬه ھﻲ ﻣﺜﯿﺮ ﻟﻠﺠﺪل ﺣﻮل اﻟﺤﺪود ﺑﺒﯿﺎن وزﯾﺮ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﯿّﺔ اﻟﻤﺮة اﻷوﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾُﺪﻟﻲ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ ُ ٍ ٍ َ .اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺪل ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ وﻗﺪ أﺛﺎرت ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺔُ اﻟﻘﺒﻮل اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪة/ .ع ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ َ ِ اﻟﻤﺘﻨﺎز This is not the frst time the foreign minister has given a controversial statement on the disputed borders./The new admission policy created a lot of controversy in the university. 197 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases ﻠﺴْﺨِﺮﯾَ ِﺔ ﺜﯿﺮ ﻟِ ﱡ ٌ ُﻣ To be ridiculous; to spark ridicule; to arouse amusement. ّ ُﻟﻘﺪ أﺛﺎرت ﺗﻐﺮﯾﺪة اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﻗﺮار وﻗﺪ أﺛﺎر/.اﻟﺴﻔﯿﺮ ﺳﺨﺮﯾﺔَ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺎﺑﻌﯿﻦ ُ ِ ّ ﺑﺘﺤﺪﯾﺪ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﮭﻮاﺗﻒ .اﻟﺬﻛﯿّﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺎت ﺳﺨﺮﯾﺔَ اﻟﻄّّﻼب The ambassador’s tweet sparked ridicule by many followers./The government’s decision to limit the use of smartphones in the universities sparked ridicule among the students. ﻠﺸﻔَﻘَ ِﺔ ﺜﯿﺮ ﻟِ ﱠ ٌ ُﻣ To be pitiful. ّ ﻣﺜﯿﺮ ّ ّ اﻟﻜﻨﯿﺴﺔ اﻟﻘﺪﯾﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ٌ وﻗﺪ ﺑﺪا ﻋﻠﯿﮫ أﻧﮫ/ . ﻓﮭﻲ ﺗُﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻻﻧﺪﺛﺎر،ﻟﻠﺸﻔﻘﺔ ﻮق وﺿﻊ إن َ ِ ِ اﻟﺴ ّ ُﺜﯿﺮ ً ً ّ اﻟﺸﻔﻘﺔَ أﯾﻨﻤﺎ .ﺣﻞ رﺟﻼ ﻣﺴﻨًّﺎ أﺻﺒﺢ ُ وﻋﺎﺟﺰا ﯾ The old church in the souk is in a pitiful state of decay./He seemed to have become a weak and helpless old man who aroused pity everywhere. ﻠﺮﯾﺒَ ِﺔ ﺜﯿﺮ ﻟِْﻠ ﱠ ّ ِ ﻟ/ ﺸﱢﻚ ٌ ُﻣ To trigger or arouse suspicion. ّ ﻣﺜﯿﺮا ّ ﻟﻠﺸ ُ ﺣﺎول/ .واﻟﺮﯾﺒﺔ ّ ّ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎن ﺷﻐﻔﮫُ ﺑﺠﻤﻊ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﻛﺐ أﺣﺪ اﻟﺮﺟﺎل اﻟﺘّﺴﻠّﻞ إﻟﻰ ﻚ ﺎﻣﺔ ً ّ اﻟﺴ ّ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺤﻤﺎم ﯾﺘﻢ ﺷﻜﻮك اﻟﺤﺪﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺨﻠﻔﯿّﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺰل ﻣﻤﺎ أﺛﺎر ﻹرﺳﺎل اﺟﻞ َ ّ / .ﺻﺎﺣﺐ اﻟﺒﯿﺖ ِ ُ ِ ِ اﻟﺰ ّ رﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺳﺮﯾّﺔ ﻷﻧّﮫ ﻋﺎدةً ﻻ ﯾُﺜﯿﺮ ّ اﻟﺸ .ﻚ His obsession with collecting poisonous spiders was an arouser of suspicion./ One of the men tried to sneak into the back garden, arousing the suspicion of the homeowner./Homing pigeons are used to send secret messages, as they do not typically arouse suspicion. ﺌﺎب ٌ ُﻣ ِ ِ ﻟِِﻼْﻛﺘ/ ﺜﯿﺮ ﻟِْﻠَﻜﺂﺑَِﺔ To be depressing; depression-triggering. 198 ﺣﺮف اﻟﻤﯿﻢ ً ﻟﻦ/ .اﻧﻔﺠﺎرات ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪن ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟَﻢ أﺳﺒﻮﻋﺎ ﻣﻠﯿﺌًﺎ ﺑﺎﻷﺧﺒﺎر اﻟﻤﺜﯿﺮة ﻟﻠﻜﺂﺑﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎن ٍ ّ ّ ﻛﻞ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﯿﺮة ﻟﻼﻛﺘﺌﺎب ﻋﻦ وﺿﻊ ّ أﺧﻮض ﻓﻲ ﻔﺴﻲ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ُ ﻛﺎن اﻟﻄ/ .اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻲ َ ّ ﺒﯿﺐ اﻟﻨّ ﱡ .ﯾﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻷﺣﺪاث اﻟﻤﺜﯿﺮة ﻟﻼﻛﺘﺌﺎب اﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮن ﺳﺒّﺒﺖ ﻟﮭﺎ اﻟﻤﺮض It has been a week of depressing news about explosions in different cities in the world./I will not go through all the depressing details of the fnancial situation of the company./The psychologist was analysing the depressionarousing events that could have caused her illness. َﻣَﺤ ﱡ ﻈﺎر ِ ﻂ أَ ْﻧ To be the centre of attraction or the focus of attention. ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔُ اﻟﻘﺪﯾﻤﺔ ﻣﺤﻂﱠ ،اﻻﺳﺘﺮاﺗﯿﺠﻲ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﮫ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ/ .أﻧﻈﺎر ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻵﺛﺎر ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﻘﺮون ّ ِ ِ ّ ﻛﺎن اﻟﻤﯿﻨﺎء ﻣﺤﻂّ أﻧﻈﺎر .اﻟﺪول اﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﺪﯾﮭﺎ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ The ancient city attracted the attention of archaeologists throughout the centuries./Due to its strategic position, the port was the centre of attraction for all the states that had interests in the region. ﺨﺎطِﺮ ٌ َﻣْﺤ ِ ﺎﻟﻤ َ ِﻔﻮف ﺑ To be fraught with danger; to be risky. ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻓﺔ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯿﺔ ﻣﻐﺎﻣﺮة أﻗﺪم اﻟﺒﺮﻟﻤﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ/ .اﻟﻐﺎﺑﺔ ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻓﺔً ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺨﺎطﺮ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ رﺣﻠﺘُﮭﻢ إﻟﻰ ٍ ٍ ٍ ِ ّﺧﻼل اﻟﺘ .ﺼﻮﯾﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ إﻟﻐﺎء وزارة اﻹﻋﻼم ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺨﺎطﺮ ﻣﻦ ِ ِ Their trip to the jungle was fraught with dangers./The parliament has embarked on a risky political adventure by voting to abolish the ministry of media and information. ُ ﺿُﻊ ﺗ َﺴﺎؤٍل ِ َﻣْﻮ/ َﻣَﺤﱡﻞ To be questionable; to be in question. ّ ﺟﺪﯾﺪة ﯾﻜﻮن ّ ﺷﻲء ﻓﯿﮭﺎ ﻛﻞ ﺣﻘﺒﺔ ﻧﺘّﺠﮫ ﺣﺎﻟﯿًّﺎ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ وﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎن ﻋﺪم/ .ﻣﺤﻞ ﺗﺴﺎؤل ٍ ٍ ٍ ِ ّ / .اﻟﺪوﻟﯿّﺔ ّ ﺗﺴﺎؤل ﻣﻦ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺘّﻔﺘﯿﺶ ّ إن ّ اﻧﺤﺮاف أي ﻣﺤﻞ وظﺎﺋﻒ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺮات واﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎﺗﮭﺎ ٍ ٍ ّ .ﻣﺤﻞ ﺗﺴﺎؤل ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺳﯿﻀﻊ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﺮوﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻت ُ َ 199 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases Currently, we are heading into a new era where everything is questionable./ Failing to disclose the functions and uses of the laboratories has been questioned by international inspection teams./Any deviation from the protocols will put the research results in question. ﻼح ُﻣَﺪﱠﺟٌﺞ ﱢ ِ ﺑﺎﻟﺴ Armed to the teeth; to be heavily armed. ّ ﺎل ا ُ ﻗﺎم اﻟﻌﺸﺮا ّ ﻼق ّ ﻟﺸﺮطﺔ اﻟﻤﺪّﺟﺠﯿﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻦ ﻣﻦ أرﻛﺎن ھﺬه ِ ت ﻣﻦ رﺟ ٍ ﻛﻞ ر ِ ﻟﺴﻼح ﺑﺈﻏ ّ ﺪﺟﺠﺔٌ ﺑﺎ ّ اﻗﺘﺤﻤﺖ ﻗﻮةٌ ﻣ/ .اﻟﺒﻠﺪة .ﻣﻲ ﺻﺒﺎَح اﻟﯿﻮم ﻟﺴﻼح ا َ ّ ﻟﻘﺼﺮ اﻟﺤﻜﻮ Tens of heavily armed police locked down every corner of this town./A heavily armed force has forced their way into the government’s palace this morning. َ / ﻟﻠﻔَ ْﺨِﺮ/ ح ﻟﻠﺨَﺠِﻞ ﱡ/ﻖ ِ ََﻣْﺪﻋﺎةٌ ﻟِ ْﻠﻘِﻠ ِ ﻟﻠﻔَ َﺮ/ ﻟﻠﺴْﺨِﺮﯾَ ِﺔ A cause for concern/sarcasm/ridicule/joy/pride. ّ ُ ﻟﻢ ّ ﻟﻠﻘﻠﻖ ھﺬا ھﻮ ﻣﺎ اﻧﺒﻨﺖ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ/ .ﻟﺪي ﻣﺪﻋﺎة ﻟﺘﺸﻜَﻞ أﯾّﺔ ﺗﻜﻦ اﻟﻘﯿﻮد ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺮﯾّﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ھﺬه ٍ ِ ًاﻟﻘﯿﻢ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿّﺔُ اﻷﺻﯿﻠﺔ وﯾﻨﺒﻐﻲ أن ﯾﻜﻮن ﻣﺪﻋﺎة وﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن وﻻدةُ اﻟﻄّﻔﻞ/ .ﻟﻠﻔﺨﺮ واﻻﻋﺘﺰاز ُ ِ ّ ﻌﺘﻘﺪ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ ٌأﯾﻀﺎ ﻣﺪﻋﺎة ُ َ ﯾ/ .ﻟﻠﻘﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻸﺑﻮﯾﻦ اﻟﺸﺒﺎب ً ﻣﺪﻋﺎةً ﻟﻠﻔﺮح واﻻﺣﺘﻔﺎل ﻓﮭﻲ ِ ّ ّ ُأن زﯾﺎدةَ اﻟﻮزن ﺗ ّ ًﻌﺪ ﻣﺪﻋﺎة .ﻟﻠﺴﺨﺮﯾﺔ Restrictions on free movement would not have caused me any concern./ These are what real Arab values are based on and should be a cause for pride./While a new baby is a cause for joy and celebration, it is also a cause for worry for the parents./Many young people believe that being overweight is considered a cause of ridicule. ﺮام َ َﻣﱠﺮ ُﻣ ِ ﺮور ِ اﻟﻜ To lightly or barely touch upon something; to barely notice; to pass unnoticed. ّ ّ / .اﻟﺤﺴﺎس اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿًّﺎ ّ ّ وﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻹﻋﻼم اﻟﻤﺮأة ﯾﻮم ﺗﻤﺮ ﻣﺮور اﻟﻜﺮام ﻋﻠﻰ ھﺬا اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع إن َ ِ ُ ﻣﺮ اﻻﺣﺘﻔﺎﻻت اﻟﻮاﺳﻌﺔ واﻟﺘّﻐﻄﯿﺔ اﻹﻋﻼﻣﯿّﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺜّﻔﺔ ﻟﮫ ﻣﺮور اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ اﻟﺬي اﺷﺘﮭﺮ ﺳﺎﺑﻘًﺎ ﺑﺈﻗﺎﻣﺔ ّ ِ ّ ﻟﻘﺪ/ .اﻟﻜﺮام .ﻣﺮ ﻣﻮﺗُﮫ ﻣﺮور اﻟﻜﺮام ﻷﻧّﮫ ﻟﻢ ﯾَُﻌﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺸﺎھﯿﺮ 200 ﺣﺮف اﻟﻤﯿﻢ The media touch lightly upon this culturally sensitive subject./The International Women’s Day, once noted for widespread celebrations and intensive media coverage, has come and gone, barely noticed this year./His death was barely noticed by anyone because he is not a celebrity anymore. ﺮارا ً ﺮارا وﺗِ ْﻜ ً ِﻣ Repeatedly; time and time again. ً وﺗﻜﺮارا إﻧّﮫ ﯾﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻋﻠﯿﻚ اﺳﺘﺸﺎرة طﺒﯿﺒﻚ اﻟﻌﺎم أوﻻ ﻗﺒﻞ أن ﺗﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻣﺮارا ﻟﻘﺪ ﻗﻠﺘُﮭﺎ ً ً ﻣﺮارا وﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﻠﻨﺎ/ .وﺗﻜﺮارا إﻋﺎدة اﻟﺘﻔﺎوض ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﻣﺮارا طﻠﺒﻨﺎ ﻣﻨﮭﻢ/ .اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﻲ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻚ ً ً ً ّ ّ اﻷزﻣﺔ ھﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ّ .اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺳﯿّﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺮوج ﻣﻦ ھﺬه اﻟﺤﻞ اﻟﻮﺣﯿﺪ وﺗﻜﺮارا ﻓﺈن ً ِ ِ I have repeatedly said that you should consult with your general practitioner frst before making any changes to your diet./We asked them repeatedly to renegotiate the contract./As we have said time and time again, the only solution to this crisis is through political means. َﻣﻀﻰ ﻗُ ُﺪًﻣﺎ To proceed with something; to move forward; to go ahead. ّ ّ ﻗﺪﻣﺎ ﺑﺨﺼﻮص ﺗﺴﻮﯾﺔ اﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﯿﺎﺳﻲ اﻟﺴ ﺿﺮورة وزراء اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﯿّﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻛﺪ ُ ّ ّ ِ ً اﻟﻤﻀﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﻮاﺿﺢ ﻣﺎ إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ/ .ﻗﺪﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘّﺤﺎﻟﻒ ﻠﺪان ﻋﻠﻰ ّ ً اﻟﻤﻀﻲ ِ َ وﻗﺪ اﺗﻔﻖ اﻟﺒ/ .ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ّ .أﺳﻌﺎر اﻟﻮﻗﻮد ﻟﺮﻓﻊ ﻗﺪﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺧﻄـﺘﮭﺎ ً اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺳﺘﻤﻀﻲ ِ ِ The foreign ministers stressed the need to move forward in resolving the region’s political status./The two countries have agreed to go ahead with the alliance./It remains unclear whether the government will proceed with its plan to raise fuel prices. ﻠﻮب ﻋﻠﻰ أَ ْﻣِﺮِه ٌ َﻣْﻐ To be powerless or helpless; to be defenceless, subjugated, or an underdog. ٌ ٌ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ/ .ﻣﻐﻠﻮب ﻋﻠﻰ أﻣﺮھﻢ أﻧﺎس ﺿﻌﻔﺎء ﺗﻢ ﻋﺮﺿﮭﻢ ﻓﻲ ھﺬا اﻟﻔﯿﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧّﮭﻢ ّ ﻟﻢ ﯾُﻌﺠﺒﻨﻲ أﻧّﮫ ّ / .ﻣﻐﻠﻮب ﻋﻠﻰ أﻣﺮھﺎ ّ اﻟﺼﻐﯿﺮ ﻟﯿﺲ إن ھﺬا اﻟﺒﻠﺪ اﻣﺮأة اﺑﺘﺴﺎﻣﺔ،اﺑﺘﺴﺎﻣﺘﮭﺎ ﺣﺰﯾﻨﺔً ﻟﻠﻐﺎﯾﺔ ٍ ٍ 201 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases ّ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ ّ ﺿﺪ ﻋﺎدةً ﻣﺎ ﯾﺘﻌﺎطﻒ/ .ﻏﺰو ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻞ أي وﯾﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ أن،ﻣﻐﻠﻮﺑًﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻣﺮه َ ِ ﯾﺪاﻓﻊ ﻋﻦ ٍ ّ اﻟﻨّﺎس ﻣﻊ .اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻟﮫ ﺗﻘﺪﯾﻢ وﯾﺤﺎوﻟﻮن ﻣﻐﻠﻮب ﻋﻠﻰ أﻣﺮه ﻛﻞ َ ٍ ِ َ I did not like that they were shown in this movie as weak, powerless people./She held a very sad smile, the smile of a powerless woman./This small country is not defenceless and can protect itself against any possible invasion./People usually sympathise with the underdogs and try to help them. ﺼﺎﻋًﺪا َ ِﻣَﻦ ِ َاﻵن ﻓ From now on. ً ّ ﻛﻞ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﺎع ّ ﯾﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺼﺎﻋﺪا أﺗﺴﺎﻣﺢ ﻟﻦ/ .اﻟﻜﻤﺎﻣﺎت وﻣﻦ اﻵن ُ َ ِ اﻟﺼّﺤّﻲ ارﺗﺪاء ّ ً ً ّ ّ ﻓﺼﺎﻋﺪا ﻣﻊ ﻓﺼﺎﻋﺪا وﻣﻦ اﻵن،درﺳﺎ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻨﺎ/ .ﯾﻤﺲ أﺻﺪﻗﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺴﻮء أﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻵن ً ٍ أي .ﺳﻨﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿ ِّﺔ ﻋﻼﻗﺘﻨﺎ From now on, all health workers must wear face masks./From now on, I will tolerate no one speaking ill of my friends./We have learnt our lesson, and from now on, we will keep the details of our relationship private. ﺴِﮫ ِ ﻘﺎء ﻧَ ْﻔ ِ ِﻣَﻦ ﺗِْﻠ Of one’s own accord; by itself. ّ ﻓﻔﻲ،ﺑﯿﺖ ﻣﺴﻜﻮن / .ﺻﺮﯾﺮا ﺼﺪًرا أﻧﺎ ُ ﻛﻞ ﻟﯿﻠﺔ ﯾَﻔﺘﺢ ُ ً ٍ أﻋﯿﺶ ﻓﻲ ِ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ ُﻣ ِ ﺑﺎب اﻟﻤﻄﺒﺦ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻘﺎء ً ّ ّ .ﻓﺎﻋﻼ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺗﺰوﯾﺪ اﻟﻮﻗﻮد ﻧﻔﺴﮫ طﺎﻟﻤﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﺮ ِ اﻟﻤﺤﺮك ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻘﺎء ُ I live in a haunted house; every night, the kitchen door creaks open of its own accord./The engine will continue to operate by itself so long as the fuel supply system is capable. ﺪﯾﺮ ﺑِ ﱢ ﺎﻟﺬْﻛِﺮ َ ِﻣَﻦ ِ اﻟﺠ It is worth mentioning; it should be noted. ّ وﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺮ ّأن اﻟﻤﻼﯾﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺸﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟَﻢ ﻗﺪ ﻧﺰﺣﻮا ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﻨ ّ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﻦ/ .ﺰاﻋﺎت اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ِ ّ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺮ ّ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ ً أن ّ ﻋﺪدا ﻣﻦ ﱠ .دورات اﻟﺘّﻌﻠّﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺑُﻌﺪ ﻣﺴﺠﻠﻮن ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﺠﻨﺎء ِ 202 ﺣﺮف اﻟﻤﯿﻢ It is worth mentioning that millions of people worldwide are displaced due to ongoing conficts./It should be noted that many inmates are enrolled in longdistance learning courses. ﺮورِه ُ ِﻣَﻦ َدواﻋﻲ ِ ﺳ It is one’s pleasure. ّ ُﻣﻦ دواﻋﻲ ﺳﺮورﻧﺎ أن ﻧ اﻟﺨﺒﯿﺮ اﻷﻗﺪم أﻧّﮫ وﻗﺪ أﺧﺒﺮھﻢ/ .ﺮﺣﺐ ﺑﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻧﺎ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪ ُ .طﺮﯾﻘﺔ ﻣﻤﻜﻨﺔ ﺳﯿﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ دواﻋﻲ ﺳﺮوره أن ﯾﻌﻤﻞ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻓﺮﯾﻘﮭﻢ وﯾﺪﻋﻤﮭﻢ ﺑﺄﯾّﺔ ٍ It is our pleasure to welcome you to our new centre./The senior expert has told them he would be pleased to serve in their team and support them in whatever way he could. َﺤﯿﻼت ﺴﺘ ْ اﻟﻤ ِ ُ ِﻣْﻦ راﺑِ ِﻊ It is absolutely impossible for something to happen. اﻟﺤﻠّﻲ ﻓﻲ إﺣﺪى ﻗﺼﺎﺋﺪه ﻓﺈن ھﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﯿﻼت ﻓﻲ ً ِ ﺗﺒﻌﺎ ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻋﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﺮوف ﺻﻔﻲ اﻟﺪﯾﻦ ّ إن ﺿﻤﺎن اﻟﺘّﻨﻔﯿﺬ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﻼﺗّﻔﺎﻗﯿﺎت/ .واﻟﺨّﻞ اﻟﻮﻓﻲ اﻟﺪوﻟﯿّﺔ اﻟﺤﯿﺎة أﻻ وھﻲ اﻟﻐﻮل واﻟﻌﻨﻘﺎء ِ ّ ﯾ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻣﻦ راﺑﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﯿﻼت أن/ .ُﻌﺪ ﻣﻦ راﺑﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﯿﻼت ﺑﺎﻟﻨّﺴﺒﺔ ﻷﯾّﺔ دوﻟﺔ َ ّ ﻗﺪ .ﻣﻌﮭﺪﻧﺎ ﺗﺴﺮﺑﺖ ﻣﻦ ِ According to a famous Arabic poem by Saf Al-din Al-Hilli, there are three impossibles in life: the demon, the phoenix, and the faithful friend./It is absolutely impossible that any country in the world can guarantee the full implementation of international conventions./It is impossible for the information to have leaked from our institute. ِﻣَﻦ ﱢ ﺮاز اﻷَﱠوِل ِ اﻟﻄ To be frst-rate; to be of super-premium quality; to have frst-class qualities. ّ ّ إن ﺗﻤﻮر ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﺼﺪﯾﺮ ّ اﻟﺴﯿﺪة ﻓﯿﺮوز ﻣﻄﺮﺑﺔٌ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄّﺮاز ُ / .اﻷول وأﯾﻘﻮﻧﺔٌ ﻏﻨﺎﺋﯿّﺔٌ ﺧﺎﻟﺪة ٍ ّ اﻷول ﻟﻘﺪ أﺛﺒﺘﺖ أﻧّﮭﺎ/ .اﻷول إﻟﻰ اﻷﺳﻮاق اﻷوروﺑﯿﺔ ّ ﻣﺤﺮرةٌ ﺻﺤﻔﯿﺔٌ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄّﺮاز ّ اﻟﻄّﺮاز .ﻧﺠﺎح إﻟﻰ ﻧﺠﺎح وﺳﺘﻤﻀﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔُ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻗﯿﺎدﺗﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ ٍ 203 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases Fairouz is a frst-rate singer and a music icon whose work will never be diminished./We export a super-premium quality supply of dates to the European markets./She has proven to be a frst-class editor, and the magazine under her leadership will go from success to success. ق َﺟﺒﯿﻨِ ِﮫ ِ ِﻣَﻦ َﻋَﺮ By the sweat of one’s brow. ّ / .ﻟﻠﺮﺟﻞ واﻟﻤﺮأة ﻓﻲ أن ﯾﻜﺴﺒﺎ ﻗﻮﺗﮭﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺮق ﺟﺒﯿﻨﮭﻤﺎ ّ ُﯾﻨﺒﻐﻲ أن ﺗُﻌﻄﻰ اﻟﻔﺮﺻﺔ إن ھﺬا ّ ُ ّ ﺼﻮر ّ اﻟﺸ ﺟﻞ اﻟﻌﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺰال/ .ﺟﺒﯿﻨﮫ ﻋﺮق ﯾﻌﯿﺶ ﻣﻦ اﻷرﺳﺘﻘﺮاطﻲ ﻻ ﺎب ُ ّ ُاﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺎت ﺗ َ اﻟﺮ ّ ِ ِ ِ .واﻷطﻔﺎل ﻣﻦ ﻋﺮق ﺟﺒﯿﻨﮫ ﺴﺎء ُ ُﻋﻠﻰ أﻧّﮫ اﻟﺬي ﯾ َ َ ّﻌﯿﻞ اﻟﻨ Every man and woman should be given a chance to earn their living by the sweat of their brows./This young, rich aristocrat does not earn his living by the sweat of his brow./Many cultures still portray the man as the provider for women and children by the sweat of his brow. ب َ ب َو ٍ ﺻْﻮ ٍ ِﻣْﻦ ُﻛﱢﻞ َﺣَﺪ From far and wide; from all corners of the world; from all sides or directions; on every hand. ّ / .اﻟﻀﺮﯾﺢ ّ ﺣﺪب وﺻﻮب ﻟﺰﯾﺎرة ٌ ﻣﺰﯾﺞ ﻣﻦ إن اﻟﻄّﻌﺎم ﻓﻲ ھﺬا اﻟﺒﻠﺪ ھﻮ ﻛﻞ وأﺗﻰ ُ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻣﻦ ﱢ ٍ ُ اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎدات اﻟﺘﻲ اﻧﮭﺎﻟﺖ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ أﻣﺎم داﻓﻊ/ .ﺣﺪب وﺻﻮب ﻛﻞ أطﺒﺎق وﻓﺪت ﻣﻦ ﱢ ٍ ِ ِ اﻟﻔﻨﺎن ﻋﻦ ٍ .ﺣﺪب وﺻﻮب ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﱢ ٍ People came from far and wide to visit the shrine./The food in this country is made up of cuisine brought from all corners of the world./The artist defended himself against the criticism that poured on him from all sides. َﻣْﻦ ﻟَ ﱠ ُﻒ ﻟَﻔﱠﮫ And others of one’s ilk; and other suchlike of a mentioned person (to express negative feeling). ّ ﻟﻒ ﻟﻔّﮫ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺪﻓّﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ھﺬا اﻟﺒﻠﺪ اﻟﺬي ّ ﻣﻤﻦ ّ اﻻﻧﺘﮭﺎزي ﺑﺪأ ﻣﺰﻗﺘﮫ اﻟﺤﺮب ﺑﺤﺜًﺎ ﻋﻦ َ ّ وآﺧﺮون ّ اﻟﻤﻔﺴﺪ وﻣﻦ ّ / .اﻟﺜّﺮوة ﻧﺤﻦ ﻻ/ .ﻟﻒ ﻟﻔّﮫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻔﺴﺪﯾﻦ ﻟﺪﯾﮭﻢ أﻟﻘﺎب ﻏﺮﯾﺒﺔ وﻣﻀﺤﻜﺔ ُ إن ھﺬا ّ ﻧﺜﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺤﺘﺎﻟﯿﻦ وﻣﻦ ُ .ﻟﻒ ﻟﻔّﮭﻢ َ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن 204 ﺣﺮف اﻟﻤﯿﻢ The opportunity hunter and others of his ilk began focking to search for wealth in this war-torn country./This thug and many other suchlike have weird and funny nicknames./We cannot trust fraudulent persons and other suchlike. ﺴﻠﱠ ِﻢ ﺑِِﮫ َ اﻟﻤ ُ ِﻣَﻦ It is acknowledged as fact; to be defnitely established and accepted fact. ّ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﻠّ ِﻢ ﺑﮫ ّ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺣﻮادث ﻓﺌﺔ ﻋﻤﺮﯾ ٍّﺔ أن ٍ اﻟﺴﯿﺎرات أﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺮاھﻘﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﮫ ﺑﯿﻦ أﯾّﺔ َ ّ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﻠّ ِﻢ ﺑﮫ/ .أﺧﺮى ّ اﻷﺣﻔﻮري إﻟﻰ ﻣﺼﺎدر ﯾﺘﺤﻮل ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﻗﻮد اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎد أن َ ّ ّ .طﺎﻗﺔ أﻛﺜﺮ اﺳﺘﺪاﻣﺔ ٍ It is acknowledged as a fact that the risk of car crashes is higher among teens than among any other age group./It is a fact that the global economy is shifting its dependence from fossil fuel to more sustainable energy sources. ﻔﺎره ِ ﻌﻮﻣِﺔ أَ ْظ َ ُُﻣ ْﻨُﺬ ﻧ Ever since one was a child; ever since one can remember; from a very early age. ُ ﯾﻌﺰف ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨّﺎي ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎن/ .ﻧﻌﻮﻣﺔ أظﻔﺎرھﺎ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ طﺒﯿﺒﺔً ﺑﯿﻄﺮﯾّﺔ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺗﺮﻏﺐ ﻓﻲ أن ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ُ َ ِ ْ ّ أﻣﻲ ﻓﻲ داﺧﻠﻲ .اﻓﻊ ﻟﻠﺘّﻌﻠّﻢ ﻧﻌﻮﻣﺔ أظﻔﺎري وﻣﻨﺬ/ .ﻣﻨﺬ ﻧﻌﻮﻣﺔ أظﻔﺎره َ اﻟﺪ ّ ﻏﺮﺳﺖ ِ She wanted to become a vet from a very young age./He has been on fute ever since he can remember./From a very early age, my mother instilled in me a drive for learning. ﺴِﮫ ِ ُﻣْﻨﻄٍَﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧَ ْﻔ To keep to one’s self; to be withdrawn. ّ / .ﻧﻔﺴﮭﺎ وﻻ ﺗﺮﻏﺐ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺬب اﻻﻧﺘﺒﺎه ٌ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺨﺺ إن أﺧﻲ ِ اﻟﻮاﺿﺢ أﻧّﮭﺎ اﻣﺮأةٌ ﻣﻨﻄﻮﯾﺔٌ ﻋﻠﻰ ِ َ وﻻ ﺷﻲء ﯾﻘﻄﻊ رﺗﺎﺑﺔ،ﻣﻨﻄﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ ّ اﻟﺤﻔﻼت ﺗﺴﺤﺮ أﺧﺘﻲ ﯿﻮف وﻓﻲ/ .ﺣﯿﺎﺗﮫ اﻟﯿﻮﻣﯿّﺔ َ اﻟﻀ ِ ِ ٍ .ﺑﻘﺼﺼﮭﺎ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﯿّﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺣﯿﻦ ﺗﺮاﻧﻲ أﻧﻄﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺮﻓﺘﻲ ِ She is clearly a woman who keeps to herself and does not want all the attention./My brother keeps to himself, and his routine is etched in stone./At 205 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases parties, while my sister charms guests with entertaining stories, I keep myself in my room. ﻈﯿﺮ ِ ُﻣ ْﻨﻘَ ِﻄُﻊ اﻟﻨﱠ To be unparalleled; unrivalled; matchless. ُوﻗﺪ ﺣﻘّﻘﺖ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔُ اﻟﺒﯿﺌﯿّﺔ ﺣﻈﯿﺖ / .اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ اﻻﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎت ﻣﻨﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﻨّﻈﯿﺮ ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﻔﻮز ﻓﻲ ﻧﺠﺎﺣﺎ ً َ ّ ِ ِ ُ ُاﻟﺴﺎﺧﺮة ّ وﻗﺪ/ .اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ّ ُاﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﺔ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺷﻜﺮهُ إﻟﻰ ﻗﺪم ﻣﻨﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﻨّﻈﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟَﻢ ﺑﺎھﺘﻤﺎم ّ ِ ٍ ِ ّ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة .ﻣﺸﺮوع اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻣﻨﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﻨّﻈﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ أداءھﺎ ﻛﺎن َ َ ﻷن ِ The environmental movement has achieved unparalleled success by winning the general elections./The satirical magazine has received unrivalled attention in the Arab World./The researcher thanked the research assistant for her matchless performance in the research project. َ َﻣﱠﮭَﺪ اﻟﻄﱠ/ ﺮﯾﻖ َ َﻣﱠﮭَﺪ ﻟَﮫُ اﻟﻄﱠ ُأﻣﺎﻣﮫ َ ﺮﯾﻖ To pave the way for someone or something; to set the stage for someone or something. ّ رﺋﯿﺲ ّ ﻟﻠﺒﻘﺎء ﻓﻲ / .اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺮﯾﻖ اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ اﻗﺘﺮح ُ َ ّﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات دﺳﺘﻮرﯾﺔً ﻣﻦ ﺷﺄﻧﮭﺎ أن ﺗُﻤﮭ َّﺪ ﻟﮫ اﻟﻄ ٍ ِ ّ / .ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ ﻣﺪى اﻟﺤﯿﺎة ُ ُﯾ إن ﻓﮭﻢ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻖ ﻟﻠﻘﺮارات اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘّﺨﺬھﺎ أن ﺗُﻤﮭ َّﺪ ﻟﻚ ﻤﻜﻦ ﱟ َ ِ ﱟ ٍ .ﻟﻌﻼﺟﺎت أﻓﻀﻞ ﺮﯾﻖ َ ّﻛﯿﻔﯿّﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻜﯿﻤﯿﺎﺋﯿّﺔ ﻗﺪ ﯾُﻤﮭُّﺪ اﻟﻄ ٍ The president has proposed changes to the constitution that would pave the way for him to retain his grip on political power./Decisions you take could set the stage for a lifetime of fnancial security./Understanding how these chemicals work may set the stage for better treatments. ﻒ اﻷَْﻣُﺮ َ َﻣْﮭﻤﺎ َﻛﻠﱠ Whatever it may cost. ﺣﻘﻮق اﻵﺧﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﮭﻤﺎ ﻛﻠّﻒ ﯾﻨﺘﮭﻚ ﯾﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮء ّأﻻ / .ﺳﻨُﻐﻠﻖ اﻟﺒﻼد ﻣﮭﻤﺎ ﻛﻠّﻔﻨﺎ اﻷﻣﺮ ُ َ َ .ﻨﺎﺿﻠﻮن ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ ﺣﻘﻮﻗِﮭﻢ ﻣﮭﻤﺎ ﻛﻠّﻔﮭﻢ اﻷﻣﺮ ُ ﺳﯿ/ .اﻷﻣﺮ َ 206 ﺣﺮف اﻟﻤﯿﻢ We will lock the country down at whatever it may cost./One must never violate other’s rights, whatever it may cost./Whatever it may cost, they will fght for their rights. َﻣْﻮِطُﺊ ﻗَ َﺪٍم ﻓﻲ To have a foothold in something. ّ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻘﺮار ﻓﻲ ﻗﺪم أﻛﺒﺮ ﻓﻲ إن اﻧﺴﺤﺎﺑﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ِ ِ اﻟﺼ ٍ ﻔﻘﺔ اﻵن ﺳﯿُﻌﻄﻲ ﻟﻠﺨﺼﻢ ﻣﻮطﺊ ّ ﺗﻘﻮم ّ ﻗﺪم ﻟﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ / .اﻟﺴﻮق / .اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ ُ ٍ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔُ ﺑﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮ اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﯿﺠﯿﺎﺗﮭﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ أن ﺣﻘّﻘﺖ ﻣﻮطﺊ ّ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺗﮭﺎ اﻟﺒﺤﺮﯾﺔ ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ ﻣﻮطﺊ ﻣﺘﺰاﯾﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺑﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ اﻟﻀﺨﻤﺔ ُ ُاﻟﻘﻮة ُ ّ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ٍ ٍ ِ .اﻷﻓﺮﯾﻘﻲ ﻗﺪﻣﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺮن ّ ِ Our withdrawal from the deal now will give the opponent a greater foothold in the city’s decision-making./The company is changing its strategies after gaining a foothold in the market./Through its large naval base, the superpower is increasingly securing its foothold in the African Horn. 207 ن ﺣﺮف اﻟﻨﻮن اﻟﮭﺸﯿﻢ ُ ّاﻟﻨ َ ﺎر ﻓﻲ To spread like wildfre. / .ﺎر ﻓﻲ اﻟﮭﺸﯿﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻮﻗﻮن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺘﺎﺟﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ أن اﻧﺘﺸﺮ ﻧﺒﺄ وﺻﻮل اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ وﺗﻮاﻓﺪ َ ﱢ َ ِ ّاﻧﺘﺸﺎر اﻟﻨ ّ أﻣﯿﻦ ﻋﺎم اﻷﻣﻢ اﻟﻤﺘّﺤﺪة ُ وﻗﺎل ﻛﺎﻟﻨﺎر ﻓﻲ اﻟﮭﺸﯿﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟَﻢ وﻋﻠﯿﻨﺎ ﺧﻄﺎب اﻟﻜﺮاھﯿﺔ ﯾﺴﺮي إن َ ِ ّ ّﻤﺎت ّ / .إﺧﻤﺎده .اﻟﻼﺟﺌﯿﻦ ﯾﻨﺘﺸﺮ إن اﻟﻔﯿﺮوس ُ ِ ﻛﺎﻟﻨﺎر ﻓﻲ اﻟﮭﺸﯿﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺨﯿ ِ Shoppers focked to the stores after news of the arrival of the product spread like wildfre./The UN secretary-general said, “Hate speech is spreading like wildfre in the world. We must extinguish it.”/The virus is spreading like wildfre in the refugee camps. َ ُﻔﺴﮫ ُ َﻧﺎزَﻋْﺘﮫُ ﻧ To give in to temptation; to be unable to resist the desire; to have the urge to do something; literally: one’s soul entices or disposes him to do something. ُ ﺑﻌﺪ أن ھﺠﺮ اﻟﺨﻠﯿﻔﺔ/ .ﻧﻔﺴﮫ إﻟﻰ اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎم ّ ُاﻟﻤﺘﻮﻛﻞ ﺟﺎرﯾﺘَﮫ ُ ُ ﻧﺎزﻋﺘﮫ،ﻋﻤﮫ ّ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺳﻤﻊ ﺑﻤﻘﺘﻞ اﺑﻦ ّ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺸﺮاب وﺣﯿﻦ وﺻﻞ إﻟﻰ/ .ﻟﻘﺎءھﺎ ُ ُاﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ ﻧﺎزﻋﺘﮫ ُ ُﻣﺤﺒﻮﺑﺔ ﻧﺎزﻋﺘﮫ ِ َ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ إﻟﯿﮭﺎ وأراد .واﻟﻘﻤﺎر When he heard of the killing of his cousin, he gave in to the temptation to take revenge./After leaving his concubine Mahbouba, the caliph Al-Mutawakkil could not resist the desire to see her again./He had the urge to drink and gamble when he arrived in the city. 208 DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-26 ﺣﺮف اﻟﻨﻮن ﺪاء اﻟﻌ َ ﻧﺎﺻﺒَﮫُ َ َ To feud with someone; to show animosity towards someone; to be hostile to someone. طﻮﯾﻞ ﻧﺎﺻﺐ وﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﻟﻘﺪ أراﻧﺎ رﺟﻞ اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ ھﺬا ﻛﯿﻒ ﻧﻜﻮن أﺻﺪﻗﺎء ﻣﻊ َﻣﻦ ﯾُﻨﺎﺻﺒﻨﺎ اﻟﻌﺪاء/ . ٍ ٍ ُ ُ ّ اﻟﻤﺘﻄﺮف اﻟﻌﺪاء اﻟﯿﻤﯿﻦ اﻟﻌﺪاء ﻟﻠﻌﺸﺎﺋﺮ اﻷﺧﺮى ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ / .وﻗﺪ ﻧﺎﺻﺐ أﻓﺮاد ھﺬه اﻟﻌﺸﯿﺮة َ ﻟﻠﻤﮭﺎﺟﺮﯾﻦ. This great statesmen showed how to be friends with foes./This tribe was long at feud with other tribes in the area./The far-right showed a strong hostility towards immigrants. ﺴﺎن اﺳﺘِْﺤ َ ﻧﺎل ْ َ To win the approval; to be liked, accepted, or praised; to be popular; to strike a chord with. ﻟﻘﺪ ﻧﺎل اﻟﻤﺨﻄّﻂُ اﺳﺘﺤﺴﺎن ﻟﺠﻨﺔ اﻟﺘّﺤﻜﯿﻢ اﻟﺘﻲ رأت أﻧّﮫ ﯾﻤﺜّ ُﻞ إﺿﺎﻓﺔً راﺋﻌﺔً إﻟﻰ اﻟﻮاﺟﮭﺔ اﻟﻌﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﮭﺎت ّ ّ اﻟﺪوﻟﯿّﺔ / .ﻟﻢ ﺗﻨَْﻞ اﺳﺘﺤﺴﺎن اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻘﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﺒﺤﺮﯾّﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ / .ﻟﻘﺪ ﻧﺎل اﻟﺘّ ُ َ ِ اﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﯿﺎت ّ اﺳﺘﺤﺴﺎن اﻟﺠﻤﮭﻮر. اﻟﺼﯿﻔﯿّﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ َ The scheme was liked by the panel, who felt that it represented a great addition to the city’s seafront./The economic report won the approval of many international bodies./The city’s summer activities were not popular. ﻧﺎھﯿﻚ َﻋْﻦ َ Much less that; never mind the fact; let alone; not to mention. ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺖ ّ ﻣﺤﺎوﻟﺘﮫ اﻏﺘﺼﺎﺑﮭﺎ/ . ﺟﻞ ،ﻧﺎھﯿﻚ ﻋﻦ أدﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧّﮭﺎ ﻟﯿﺲ ﻟﺪى ھﺬه اﻟﻤﺮأة أﯾّﺔ ٍ اﻟﺮ َ ِ ِ ً ُ طﺒﯿﻌﺔ ﻻ ﺿﺮر ذي ارﺗﺒﺎﻛﺎ ﻧﺎھﯿﻚ ﻋﻦ أﻧّﮭﺎ ﺳﺘُﺆدي إﻟﻰ ﺳﺘﺨﻠﻖ ھﺬه اﻟﺘّﺠﺮﺑﺔُ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿّﺔ ٍ ٍ ﯾُﻤﻜﻦ إﺻﻼﺣﮭﺎّ / . ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺔ اﻟﺠﺪل ﻧﺎھﯿﻚ ﻋﻦ رﺟﻞ ﻏﺮﯾﺐ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺳﺘُﺜﯿﺮ ﺑﺮﻓﻘﺔ إن ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻛﻮﻧﮭﺎ َ ِ ِ ٍ أﺟﻨﺒﻲ / .ﻟﻢ ْ ﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺴﯿﻞ ﻧﺎھﯿﻚ ﻋﻦ ّ ﯾﻜﻦ ّ ﺑﻐﺴﻞ أن ﺟﺎرﺗﻲ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﻓﻜﺮة ﻋﻦ وﺟﻮد ﻟﺪي أﯾّﺔ أﻧّﮫ ٍ ٍ ّ ِ ﻣﻼﺑﺴﮭﺎ ھﻨﺎك. 209 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases The woman does not even have evidence she had ever met this man, much less that he had tried to rape her./The social experiment will create confusion, much less that it will result in harm of irreparable nature./The idea of being with a strange man would have sparked controversy, never mind the fact he was a foreigner./I had no idea that a laundry room existed, much less that my neighbour did her laundry there. ﺴِﮫ َﻋْﻦ ِ ﻧَﺄى ﺑِﻨَ ْﻔ To distance oneself from. ّ ﺗﺼﺮﯾﺤﺎت ﺑﻌﺪ ھﺰﯾﻤﺘﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ/ .ﻻﺣﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﯿﻮم ﺑﻨﻔﺴﮫ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺆول وﻗﺪ ﻧﺄى وﻗﺖ اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺲ ﻓﻲ ُ ٍ ِ ِ ٍ َ ﺗﺘﺒﻨّﻰ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔُ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪةُ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺔ/ .ﺑﻨﻔﺴﮭﺎ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘّﺪﺧﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ّ ﻧﺄت ِ ُاﻟﻘﻮةُ اﻹﻗﻠﯿﻤﯿﺔ ِ اﻟﺤﺮب .اﻷوروﺑﻲ اﻟﻨﺄي ﺑﺎﻟﻨّﻔﺲ ﺗﺠﺎه اﻻﺗّﺤﺎد ّ ِ The offcial distanced himself from the president’s comments later in the day./ After its defeat in the war, the regional power has distanced itself from meddling in the region./The new government is adopting the policy of self-distancing from the EU. َ ي ﻒ اﻟﻜ ﱢ ﻧَِﺪ ﱡ A generous and giving person. ّ ّ ّ ّ ﻛﺎن ﻮال اﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻄﺎء .اﻟﻜﻒ وﻧﺪي ﻣﺘﻮاﺿﻌﺎ ﺷﺨﺼﺎ اﻟﺴﯿﺪ ﺟﻮاد ً ً َ ﻟﻸﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺨﯿﺮﯾّﺔ ِط ِ ُ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻷﻣﯿﺮة/ .ﺣﯿﺎﺗﮫ َاﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﻧﺪﯾّﺔ َرﺣﻤﮭﺎ ﷲ ﻧﻘﯿّﺔ ّ .اﻟﻜﻒ ِ ِ َ Mr Jawad was a humble and generous person who continued to give to charity throughout his life./The princess was pure-hearted and generous; may God rest her soul. ﯿﺮ ُ اﻟﻨﱠ ْﺰ ُ ع اﻷَِﺧ The last breath; in one’s last days; the last gasp; in one’s last agony. ّ ُاﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔُ اﻷدﺑﯿّﺔ ﺑﺤﻠﻮل ﻋﺎم/ . ﺑﻞ ھﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨّﺰع اﻷﺧﯿﺮ،ﺗﻤﺮ ﻓﻲ أﺣﺮج ﻣﺮاﺣﻠِﮭﺎ ّ / .ھﻨﻐﺎرﯾّﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨّﺰع اﻷﺧﯿﺮ-أﺻﺒﺤﺖ اﻹﻣﺒﺮاطﻮرﯾّﺔ اﻷﺳﺘﺮو إﻧّﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ،إن اﻟﻘﻀﯿّﺔَ ﺗﺤﺘﻀﺮ ِ .اﻟﻨّﺰع اﻷﺧﯿﺮ 1914 210 ﺣﺮف اﻟﻨﻮن The literary movement is passing through its most critical stage; indeed, it is in its last days./By 1914, the Austro-Hungarian Empire was in its last gasp./The cause is dying; it is in its last agony. ﺘﯿﻞ اﻷَ ْزَﻣِﺔ َ َﻧَ َﺰَع ﻓ To defuse the crisis. ُﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺧﻠﯿّﺔ ُ َﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺿﻊ اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﯿﺠﯿّ ٍﺔ ﺗ ﺣﺴﺐ/ .ﻓﺘﯿﻞ اﻷزﻣﺔ ع اﻷزﻣﺔ ُ ِ ِ ِ ﮭﺪف إﻟﻰ ﻧَْﺰ ّ ﻣﺴﺆوﻟﯿﻦ ﻣﺠﻠﺲ ﯾﺴﺘﻄﻊ ﻟﻢ/ .ﻓﺘﯿﻞ اﻷزﻣﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﯾﻦ ُ ِ ِ ﻓﺈن اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔَ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿّﺔ ﺗﺴﻌﻰ إﻟﻰ ﻧﺰع .أزﻣﺔ ﻛﻮﺳﻮﻓﻮ ﻓﺘﯿﻞ اﻟﺪوﻟﻲ أن اﻷﻣﻦ َ َ ﯾﻨﺰع ّ ِ The crisis group was working to draft a strategy aimed at defusing the crisis./ According to offcials, the Arab League is striving to defuse the crisis between the two countries./The Security Council was unable to defuse the Kosovo crisis. ﺿْﯿﻔًﺎ َ َﺣﱠﻞ/ ﻧَ َﺰَل To be a guest of somebody; to stay as a guest; to avail oneself at somebody’s hospitality. ًﻧﺰﻟﺖ اﻟﻔﻨﺎﻧﺔُ أﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺿﯿﻔﺔ / .ﻧﺰل اﻟﺮﺣﺎﻟﺔُ اﺑﻦ ﺑﻄﻮطﺔ ﺿﯿﻔًﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻣﺒﺮاطﻮر اﻟﻘﺴﻄﻨﻄﯿﻨﯿّﺔ ِ ّﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﺘ .اﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎل وأﻧﺰﻟﮫُ ﺿﯿﻔًﺎ ﻋﻨﺪه أﺣﺴﻦ وﻗﺪ اﺳﺘﻘﺒﻠﮫ/ .ﻠﻔﺰﯾﻮﻧﻲ َ ّ ٍ The traveller Ibn Battuta stayed as a guest of the Byzantine emperor in Constantinople./The artist Amani was a guest of the TV show./He welcomed him in the best way possible and received him as a guest. ً ُﻧ ﺰوﻻ ِﻋ ْﻨَﺪ َرْﻏﺒَ ِﺔ In compliance with someone’s wishes; at someone’s request. ً ُﺐ ﻧ ً ّ ّاﻟﺘﺤﻖ ﺑﻜﻠﯿّ ِﺔ اﻟﻄ رﻏﺒﺔ ﻧﺰوﻻ ﻋﻨﺪ إﻗﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺮض إرﺟﺎء ﺳﯿﺘﻢ / .واﻟﺪه رﻏﺒﺔ ﺰوﻻ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻟﻘﺪ َ ُ ّ ِ ِ ِ ِ ً ُ وﻧ/ .رﻏﺒﺔ ﻣﻌﺠﺒﯿﮭﺎ ً ُاﻟﺴﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﻧ ّ ّ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻋﺎدت إﻟﻰ ﻋﺎﻟَﻢ/ .اﻟﺒﻠﺪي اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺲ رﻏﺒﺔ ﺰوﻻ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺰوﻻ ﻋﻨﺪ ِ ِ ُ ّ اﻟﻜﺮام ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗ .أوﻗﺎت اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺘﺎﺟﺮﻧﺎ ﺗﻤﺪﯾﺪ َﻘﺮر ِ ِ زﺑﺎﺋﻨﻨﺎ In compliance with his father’s wish, he enrolled in medical school./The exhibition will be postponed at the municipality’s request./She made her way 211 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases back to the flm industry at the request of her fans./Following our valued customers’ wishes, we decided to extend our store opening times. ﯿﺎل ْ َﻧ ٍ ﺴُﺞ َﺧ A fgment of one’s imagination; fantasy, delusion, or fction. ّ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮاﺿﺢ ﻧﻈﺮت اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔُ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﻘﺮﯾﺮ وﻗﺪ/ .ﺑﺮﻣﺘﮭﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺴﺞ ﺧﯿﺎﻟﮭﺎ ّ َأن اﻟﺤﺎدﺛﺔ ِ ُ ﻻ ﺗﺰال ھﻮﯾّﺔ/ .اﻟﺼﺤﻔﻲ اﻻﺳﺘﻘﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧّﮫ ﻧﺴﺞ ﺧﯿﺎل ،ًاﻟﻤﺮأة اﻟﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠّﻮﺣﺔ ﻏﺎﻣﻀﺔ ِ ﻣﻨﺪوب اﻟﻤﻨﻈّﻤﺔ اﻟﺘّﮭﻢ اﻟﻤﻠﻔّﻘﺔ ﺑﺄﻧّﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺴﺞ ووﺻﻒ/ .ﺧﯿﺎل اﻟﻔﻨّﺎن ورﺑّﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺴﺞ ُ ِ .ﺧﯿﺎل اﻷﺟﮭﺰة اﻷﻣﻨﯿّﺔ It is obvious that the whole incident was a fgment of her imagination./The government viewed the journalistic investigative report as the product of pure fantasy./The identity of the woman in the painting remains a mystery, and she might have been a fgment of the artist’s imagination./The organisation rep called the fabricated charges “a fgment of the security services’ imagination.” َﺴَﺞ ُﺧﯿﻮط َ َﻧ To weave the threads of something; to plan; to conspire. ُ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﻘُﻮى ّ ﺿﺪ ّ ﻣﺆاﻣﺮة اﻟﻜﺒﺮى ﺑﻨﺴﺞ ﺧﯿﻮط اﺗّﮭﻢ/ .اﻟﺪﯾﻤﻘﺮاطﯿّﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﯾﺘﻢ ﻧﺴﺞ ﺧﯿﻮط ٍ ّ ُ َ .ﺧﯿﻮط اﻷﻣﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺣﯿﺎﺗﻲ ﻧﺴﺠﺖ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺗُﮭﺎ/ .أزﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ٍ A conspiracy is being planned against democracy in the country./The regime accused the great powers of planning to create a crisis in the region./Her words weaved the threads of hope in my life. ﻮال َ َﻧ ِ ﺴَﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ ِﻣْﻨ To imitate; to follow in the footsteps of someone. ُ ّ ﻣﻨﻮال ُ ّ ّ ﻨﺴﺞ اﻟﻔﻦ ﻟﻮﺣﺎﺗﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻔﻨﺎن ﻧﺴﺞ/ .اﻟﻤﺤﺘﺠﯿﻦ ﯿﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﻮال ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ اﻟﺴ ُ َﺗ ِ ِ ُ .ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﻮال اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺘﮫُ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺴﺞ ُ َ ﯾ/ .اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺚ ٍ ِ The new policies imitate the demands of the protesters./The artist followed the artistic style of modern art./The researcher’s theory follows in the footsteps of a group of researchers. 212 ﺣﺮف اﻟﻨﻮن ﺐ َﻋْﯿﻨَ ْﯿِﮫ ْ ُﻧ َ ﺼ To be before one’s eyes; to have an aim in view; to put mind to something; to focus; to set sight on; to bear in mind. ّ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﺬي ﻛﺎن ﯾﺸﻐﻠﮫ رﺋﯿﺴﮫُ ﻓﻲ ْ ُ ّوﺿﻊ اﻟﻤﻮظ وﺿﻌﺖ ﻧُﺼﺐ ﻟﻘﺪ/ .اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﻋﯿﻨﯿﮫ ﻒ ﻧُﺼﺐ َ ِ ّ ُﻋﯿﻨﯿﮭﺎ أن ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺔً راﺋﺪةً ﻓﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ زواج اﻟﻘ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺸﺎﻋﺮ اﻟﻘﻠﻖ ﻟﺪى اﻟﻨﺎس/ .ﺼﺮ .ﯾﻜﺘﺐ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺮه ﺣﻮل ﻣﺪﯾﻨﺔ اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺢ ﻋﯿﻨﯿﮫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻧﺼﺐ ُ ِ The employee was aiming at the position, which his boss had held in the company./She is setting her sight to become a leading fgure in the fght against underage marriage./The public concern was in his mind when he was writing his report about the shantytown. ﺷْﺰًرا َ ﻧَﻈََﺮ إِ ْﻟﯿِﮫ To look askance at someone; to give a disapproving look; to gaze at someone angrily; to look daggers at someone. ْ ْ ّ ﻧﻈﺮ إﻟﻰ/ “.أﻋﯿﺶ ﺣﯿﺎﺗﻲ ﺷﺰرا ﻗﺒﻞ ﺟﻞ ”إﻧّﻚ ﺗﻤﻨﻌﻨﻲ ِﻣﻦ أن:وﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﻟﮫ ﺷﺰرا ﻧﻈﺮت ً ً َ ِ اﻟﺮ َ “.ﺷﮭﺮا ﺸﻲ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﻧﻈﺮت إﻟﯿﮫ ”إن: ﯾﻘﻮل اﻟﻤﺜﻞ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ اﻟﻘﺪﯾﻢ/ .ُﻌﺮض ﻋﻨﮫ ً ً َ ﺷﺰرا ُﻏ ِ أن ﯾ She looked at him with hate and contempt and said: “You are preventing me from living my life.”/He looked askance at the man before turning away from him./“When you look at him angrily, he faints for a month.” Old Arabic proverb. ﻈﯿﻒ اﻟﯿَ ِﺪ ُ َﻧ An honest and trustworthy person; a person with true integrity. ّ ﺑﻨﺎء ّ ﻧﻈﯿﻒ اﻟﯿﺪ وﻗﺪ أﻋﻄﻰ ﻧﺤﺘﺎج / .اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﺟﮭﺪه ﻛﻞ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺎم اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻛﺎن ُ ُ َ ِ ﻹﻋﺎدة ِ ِ ً ّ / .ﻧﻈﯿﻒ اﻟﯿﺪ ﯾﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ ﺗﻮﻟّﻲ اﻟﻘﯿﺎدة ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺪوة اﻟﺤﺴﻨﺔ ﯾﺪه رﺟﻼ ُ ُإن ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺗﮫُ وأﻓﻌﺎﻟﮫ َ ِ َﺗﻌﻜﺲ ﻧﻈﺎﻓﺔ .وإﺧﻼﺻﮫ ِ The former general manager was a man of integrity who gave all his effort to rebuild the company./We need a man of integrity who can lead by example./ His words and deeds refect his integrity and sincerity. 213 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases ﻧَﻔَ َﺦ ﻓﻲ ﻗِ ْﺮﺑَ ٍﺔ َﻣْﺜﻘﻮﺑَﺔ To fog a dead horse; wasting effort on something where there is no chance of success. ُ ﻣﺮارا طﻠﺒﺖ ﻣﻨﮭﺎ ﻟﻘﺪ/ .ﻗﺮﺑﺔ ﻣﺜﻘﻮﺑﺔ ﻣﺤﺎوﻟﺔ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ رأﯾﮭﻢ ﻓﻨﺤﻦ ﻧَﻨﻔُﺦ ﻓﻲ ﻻ ﺟﺪوى ﻣﻦ ً ٍ ِ ّ ُوﺗﻜﺮارا أن ﺗ .ﻗﺮﺑﺔ ﻣﺜﻘﻮﺑﺔ ﻣﺒﻜﺮا ﻟﻜﻨّﻨﻲ أﻧﻔُﺦ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻀﺮ ﻻﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎﺗﮭﺎ ً ً ٍ There is no point trying to change their mind; we are fogging a dead horse./I have told her time and again to prepare for her exams early, but I’ve been fogging a dead horse. ﻮء ﺎرةٌ ﺑﺎِ ﱡ ٌ ﻧَ ْﻔ َ أﻣ ِ ﻟﺴ ّ ﺲ Man’s very soul that incites to evil. ّ ﺎب اﻟﺠﺮﯾﻤﺔ ّ اﻷﻣﺎرة ﺑﺎ ّ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ أﻣﺮﺗﮫ ﺑﺎ .ﻟﺴﻮء ُ ﻷن ّ ﻧﻔﺴﮭﺎ ِ ﯾﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ أن ﺗَﺤﺬر ﻣﻦ/ .ﻟﺴﻮء ِ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻗﺎم ﺑﺎرﺗﻜ He committed the crime because his very soul incited him to evil./She should beware of her very soul that incites her to evil. ﻀﺒِِﮫ َ ﺲ َﻋﻦ َﻏ َ ﻧَﻔﱠ To give vent to one’s anger. ّﺎس إﻟﻰ اﻟﺘ ّ واﻻﻧﺘﻔﺎض ُ وﻟََﻜﻢ/ .ﺿﺪ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺘﮭﻢ ﻨﻔﯿﺲ ﻋﻦ ﻏﻀﺒﮭﻢ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻟﻘﺪ دﻓﻊ َ ّأﺟﺮة اﻟﻨّﻘﻞ اﻟﻨ ِ ِ ِ َﺎن اﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔ ُ ّاﻟﻔﻨ رﺑّﻤﺎ ﯾﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ اﻷﻓﻀﻞ أن ﺗﺴﺘﻤﻌﻮا إﻟﻰ ﻣﻮظﻔﯿﻜﻢ وأن/ .ﻏﻀﺒﮫ ﺗﻨﻔﯿﺴﺎ ﻋﻦ ً ِ ّﺗﺴﻤﺤﻮا ﻟﮭﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺘ .ﻨﻔﯿﺲ ﻋﻦ ﻏﻀﺒﮭﻢ ِ The transport fare hike prompted the people to give vent to their anger and rise up against their government./The artist vented his anger by punching the painting with his fst./It may be better to listen to your employees and allow them to give vent to their anger. اﻟﺠْﺮَح ُ َ ﻧَ َﻜﺄ To open old wounds. ّ ﻧﻜﺄت رﺳﺎﻟﺘُﮫ إﻟﻰ ْ ﻧﻜﺄت اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻛﻤﺔُ اﻟﻌﻠﻨﯿّﺔ ﻟﻘﺪ/ .ﺟﺮح اﻧﻌﺪام اﻟﻤﺴﺎواة اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿّﺔ اﻟﺸﻌﺐ َ ِ ّ ﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﻲ اﻟﻨّﻈﺎم .اﻟﺠﺮاح ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻠﺪ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ َ 214 ﺣﺮف اﻟﻨﻮن His message to the people opened old wounds of social injustice./The public trial of the former regime’s offcials has opened old wounds in the country. َ ﻧَ َﻜ ُﺚ َﻋْﮭَﺪه To break the covenant; to break a promise; to betray an agreement. / .ﺮأة أﺧﺮى َ وﻟﻜﻨّﮫ ﻧﻜﺚ،ﻋﺪ ﺑﺄن ﯾﺘﺰّوج ﻣﻦ ﺳﻌﺎد ﺑﺄﺳﺮع ﻣﺎ ﯾﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ َ ﻟﻘﺪ و ّ ﻋﮭﺪه وﺗ ٍ ﺰوج ﻣﻦ اﻣ ّ ﺮاﻋﺎ ﻣﺴﻠّ ًﺤﺎ ً ﺋﺮ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿّﺔ ﻋﮭﺪھﺎ وﺑﺪأت ﺻ ﺚ اﻟﻌﮭﺪ ﻣﻊ ﷲ؟ ُ ﻧﻜﺜﺖ اﻟﻌﺸﺎ ِ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻘﻮﺑﺔ ﻧَْﻜ/ .ﺿﺪ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ِ He promised to marry Suad as soon as he could, but he broke his promise and married another woman./The local tribes betrayed the agreement and started armed strife against the government./What is the punishment for breaking the covenant with God? ﺺ َﻋﻠﻰ َﻋﻘِﺒَ ْﯿِﮫ َ ﻧَ َﻜ To retreat; to be pushed back; to backtrack on something; to change one’s mind; to escape an agreement; to be defeated. ﱠ/ .أﻋﻘﺎﺑﮫ واﻧﺴﺤﺐ ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﻨّﮭﺮ وﻟﻜﻨّﮫ ﻧﻜﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ،رﺣﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻜﺮة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺪاﯾﺔ اﻟﺠﯿﺶ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻜﺺ ُ ِ ّ ﺿﻢ ﺻﻮﺗﮫ ﻟﻤﻨﺘﻘﺪي اﻟﻤﻨﻈّﻤﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﯿّﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﻜﺼﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻋﻘﺎﺑﮭﺎ ّ / .ﻋﻘِﺒﯿﮫ ورﻓﻀﮭﺎ ﻓﯿﻤﺎ ﺑَﻌﺪ وﻟﻢ ﱢ .ﺗﺆد واﺟﺒﺎﺗﮭﺎ The army retreated and withdrew across the river./At frst, he welcomed the idea but later, he changed his mind and refused it./He added his voice to the critics of the international organisation that backtracked on its commitments and did not fulfl its duties. ﻄﺎف ِ اﻟﻤ َ ُﻧِﮭﺎﯾَﺔ At the end of the day; at the end of the road; ultimately; eventually. وﻓﻲ ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ/ .اﺗﻔﺎق ﺑﺸﺄن اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﻤﮭﺎﺟﻢ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺗﻮﺻﻞ ﻧﺎدﯾﺎ ﻛﺮة اﻟﻘﺪم ﻓﻲ ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﺎف إﻟﻰ ٍ ّ وﻓﻲ ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﺎف وﺻﻞ اﻟﻨ/ .رﺟﻞ ﺳﺘﺘﺰوﺟﮫ ُ ّ ﺳﯿﻜﻮن ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ أن ﺗﺨﺘﺎر ﺎﺟﻮن أي اﻟﻤﻄﺎف َ ٍ .ﺑﺮ اﻷﻣﺎن وﻗﺪ أﻧﮭﻜﮭﻢ اﻟﺠﻮع إﻟﻰ ﱢ The two football clubs have eventually reached an agreement over the transfer of the striker./At the end of the day, she has to decide which man she will marry./The survivors eventually reached safety, starved and exhausted. 215 ھ ﺣﺮف اﻟﮭﺎء ﻣﺎج َ ھﺎج َو َ To fip one’s lid; to lose one’s temper; to go mad; to heave; to be agitated. ً َﺑﺎﻟﺴﺒﺎب وﻣﺒﺘ ﺎﺋﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻟﻤﺎن وﻣﺎج وﺻﺎر ﺣﺪﯾﺜﮫُ ﻣﻠﯿﺌًﺎ ﱡ ھﺎﺟﺖ اﻟﺴﯿﺪةُ وﻣﺎﺟﺖ / .ﺬﻻ ُ ّھﺎج اﻟﻨ ِ ّ .ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺮاخ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﺔً ﺑﺎﻟﺨﺮوج ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄّﺎﺋﺮة وﺑﺪأت The member of the parliament fipped his lid, and his speech became profane and vulgar./The lady lost her temper and started to yell about wanting to get off the plane. ھﺎﻟَﮫُ اﻷَْﻣُﺮ To be shocked; to be horrifed; to have fear from something. ُ رأﯾﺖ اﻷﻣﺮ ﺣﯿﻦ ﻟﻘﺪ ھﺎﻟﻨﻲ/ .أﻧﻔﺎق اﻟﻤﺠﺎري ﯾﻌﯿﺸﻮن ﻓﻲ اﻷطﻔﺎل اﻷﻣﺮ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ وﺟﺪ ﻟﻘﺪ ھﺎﻟﮫ ُ ُ َ َ ِ ُ ّ ﻠﻄﺎت ّ وﺳﺎرﻋﺖ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر اﻟﺼّﺤﯿّﺔُ اﻟﺘﻲ ھﺎﻟﮭﺎ اﻟﺴ / .اﺳﻢ ﺻﺪﯾﻘﻲ ﻓﻲ إﺣﺪى وﺛﺎﺋﻖ وﯾﻜﯿﻠﯿﻜﺲ ُ ِ ّ ّاﻟﻤﺮض ﻟﻠﺘ .ﺪﺧﻞ It shocked him when he found the children living in the sewer tunnels./It horrifed me when I saw my friend’s name in one of the WikiLeaks documents./ The health authorities that feared the spread of the disease intervened rapidly. ﺟﮭِﮫ ِ ھﺎم َﻋﻠﻰ َو َ To aimlessly wander; to drift; to roam. ُ ھﺎﺋﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺠﻨﻮن ﻟﯿﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ھﺎم ّ وﺟﮭﮫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘِﻔﺎر ﺑﻌﺪ أن رﻓﺾ أﺑﻮھﺎ أن ِ ً ﻛﺎن/ .ﯾﺰوﺟﮫُ إﯾﺎھﺎ ﻠﻮن وﺟﮭﮫ ﻓﻲ ﺷﻮارع اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ ﺑﺎﺣﺜًﺎ ﻋﻦ َ ّﮭﯿﻤﻮن ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﻮھﮭﻢ ﯾﺘﻨﻘ َ َ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﻮا ﯾ/ .ﻣﻜﺎن ﯾُﺆوﯾﮫ ِ ٍ ّ .ﯾﺴﺘﻘﺮوا ﻣﻜﺎن إﻟﻰ ﻣﻜﺎن دون أن ﻣﻦ ٍ 216 DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-27 ﺣﺮف اﻟﮭﺎء Majnoon and Layla wandered aimlessly through the desert because Layla’s father refused to approve their marriage./He was wandering aimlessly around the streets of the city searching for a shelter./They were drifters, travelling from place to place without settling. ﺜﻮرا ً ﺒﺎء َﻣْﻨ ً َھ To go up in smoke; to become wasted. ٌ ذھﺒﺖ / .ﻣﻨﺜﻮرا ھﺒﺎء ﺷﮭﻮر ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﺒﺬول ﻓﻲ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺻﺎروخ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺿﺎﻋﺖ ً ً ِ ُ ّ / .اﻟﺠﻮي اﻟﺬي طﺎل ﺣﻘﻮل اﻟﻨّﻔﻂ اﻟﻘﺼﻒ ﻣﻨﺜﻮرا ﺑﻌﺪ ھﺒﺎء اﻟﻤﻼﯾﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺮاﻣﯿﻞ اﻟﻨّﻔﻂ اﻟﺨﺎم ً ً ِ ُواﻟﺼﻔﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺷﻚ أن ﺗ ّ ّ .ﻣﻨﺜﻮرا ھﺒﺎء ﺼﺒﺢ إن اﻟﻤﻔﺎوﺿﺎت ﺗﺘﻌﺜّﺮ ً ً َ Months of effort building a new rocket have gone up in smoke./After the air attacks on oil felds, millions of barrels of crude oil went up in smoke./The negotiations are collapsing, and the deal is about to go up into smoke. ض َ َھﺘ ََﻚ ِﻋْﺮ Indecent assault; unlawful carnal knowledge (forcible or consensual). ُ ﻗﺎم ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﺤﻜﻤﺔ اﻟﺠﻨﺎﯾﺎت/ .ﺟﺮﯾﻤﺔ ھﺘﻚ اﻟﻌﺮض وﻋﻘﻮﺑﺎﺗﮭﺎ ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺎت ﯾﺘﻨﺎول َ ِ ّ وﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻘﻮاﻧﯿﻦ/ .ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺿﺎ ّ ﺮض اﻟﺴﺎﺋﺪة ﻓﻲ ھﺬا ﺑﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮ اﻻﺗّﮭﺎم ﻣﻦ اﻻﻏﺘﺼﺎب إﻟﻰ ھَْﺘِﻚ ِﻋ ٍ ْ ﻌﺪ ﺟﺮﯾﻤﺔ ّ ُﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺟﻨﺴﯿّﺔ ﺧﺎرج إطﺎر اﻟﺰواج ﺗ اﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﻓﺈن أﯾّﺔ .ھﺘﻚ ﻋﺮض ٍ The defnition and punishment of crimes of indecent assault are covered in the Penal Code./The criminal court judge has changed the charges from rape to consensual carnal knowledge./According to the law in this country, any sexual relationship outside marriage is seen as a crime of unlawful carnal knowledge. وﻋِﮫ ِ َھﱠﺪأ ِﻣﻦ َر/ َُھَﺪأَ َرْوُﻋﮫ To calm down; to calm someone down. ُ ﻗﺎم ﺑﺘﮭﺪﺋﺔ روع اﻟﻄّﻔﻞ اﻟﻤﻔﺰوع ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺪﯾﺚ إﻟﯿﮫ/ .ﺑﻠﺤﻈﺔ ﻋﻮدﺗﮭﺎ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺒﯿﺖ روﻋﮭﺎ ھﺪأ َ ِ ّ ،روﻋﻚ ﱢ/ .ﺑﮭﺪوء .ﺳﺘﺴﯿﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎﯾﺮام ﻓﺈن اﻷﻣﻮر ھﺪئ ﻣﻦ ُ ِ 217 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases She calmed down as soon as she came back home./He calmed down the scared boy by talking to him quietly./Calm yourself down; things will be just fne. َھْﺮٌج َوَﻣْﺮٌج Hurly-burly; to be plunged into chaos; discord and disturbance. َ ّ واﻟﻤﺮج اﻟﺬي ﯾﺠﺮي ﻓﻲ ّ وﻟﻄﺎﻟﻤﺎ وﺟﺪ اﻟﺴﻮق اﻟﮭﺮج ﻣﻼذهُ ﻣﻦ ﺘﮫ اﻟﮭﺎدﺋﺔ ُ اﻟﺮ ِ ّﺟﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺷﻘ ِ ِ ٌ ٌ أﺻﺒﺢ/ .ﺴﻮق ھﺮج ﺣﺼﻞ/ .ﺘﮫ ُ ّﻘﺖ اﻟﻨ ّ ّﺎر ﻓﻲ داﺧﻞ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘ ِ ِوﻣﺮج ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ أطﻠ ِ ّاﻟﻤﺠﺎورة ﻟﺸﻘ ّ ّوﻣﺮج ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺘ ّ ﺷﺆوﻧﮫ ُ .اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﯿّﺔ ﺪﺧﻼت اﻷﺟﻨﺒﯿّﺔ ﻓﻲ ھﺮج اﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﻓﻲ ِ ٍ ٍ The man has long found refuge in his quiet fat from the hurly-burly of the market next door./Chaos erupted when shots were fred inside the shopping centre./The country has plunged into chaos because of the foreign intervention in its internal affairs. ُﺴﮫ ُ َھﻔَ ْﺖ ﻧَ ْﻔ To crave something; to long for someone or something; to set one’s heart on something. ﻧﻔﺴﮭﺎ ﺗﮭﻔﻮ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺤﯿﺎة ﻛﺎن ُ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ/ .ﻗﺪح ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﮭﻮة ُ ﺟﺎﻟﺴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺮﺳﯿِّﮫ وﻗﺪ ھﻔﺖ ً ٍ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ إﻟﻰ ّ ّ ﻓﻲ .ﺑﺎﻣﺘﯿﺎز ﻓﻲ ﻛﻠﯿ ِّﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن ﯾﺘﺨﺮج إن ﻧﻔﺴﮫ ﺗﮭﻔﻮ إﻟﻰ أن/ .اﻟﺴﺒﻌﯿﻨﯿّﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ٍ He was sitting in his chair, craving a cup of coffee./She was longing for life in the 1970s./His heart is set to graduate with distinction from the law school. ﺻٍﻞ ْ َھْﻤَﺰةُ َو Link; connection; to join together. ّ وﺻﻞ ﺑﯿﻦ ُ اﻟﺼ َاﻟﺴﻮﯾﺲ ھﻤﺰة ّ ﺗُﻤﺜّﻞ ﻗﻨﺎة ّ ﺗﻠﻌﺐ / .اﻟﺸﺮق واﻟﻐﺮب ﻛﮭﻤﺰة ﻣﮭﻤﺎ ُ ً ﺤﻒ ِ ٍ ً دورا ُإن اﻟﻤﻮﺳﯿﻘﻰ ھﻲ ھﻤﺰة ّ / .اﻟﻤﻮاطﻦ واﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ .اﻟﻮﺻﻞ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻨّﺎس وﺻﻞ ﺑﯿﻦ ٍ ِ ِ The Suez Canal is a link that connects East to West./The newspapers play a signifcant role in connecting the people to the government./Music connects people. 218 ﺣﺮف اﻟﻮاو و ﺴَﺮﺗﺎه واﺣ ْ ﺳﻔﺎه َ / واأَ َ Lamentations: alas; alack; how unfortunate. ْ ُ ﻓﻘﺪت ﻣﺸﺎﺟﺮة ﻋﺎﺋﻠﯿّﺔ / .واﺣﺴﺮﺗﺎه ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ، ﯾﻮم ﻓﻲ ﺣﯿﺎﺗﮭﻤﺎ إﻟﻰ ﺗﺤﻮل واأﺳﻔﺎه ،ﻟﻘﺪ ّ ٍ أﺳﻌﺪ ٍ ُ ﺑﺼﺮھﺎ وﻟﻢ ﺗﺘﺠﺎوز ّ ﯾﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﺮ / .واأﺳﻔﺎه ،ﯾﺆﻟﻤﻨﻲ وأﻧﺎ ﻋﺠﻮز أن ﻻ أرى َﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴّﻦ. ﺟﺎره ِ Alas and alack, what was supposed to be the happiest day of their life turned into ;a family fght./Oh, alas, by the age of 4, she lost her eyesight./How unfortunate as an old lady, I am appalled that neighbours do not offer to help the elderly. ﺻﺎص اﻟﺮ واﺑٌِﻞ ِﻣَﻦ ﱠ ِ A hail of bullets. رﺟﺎل ّ واﺑﻞ ﻣﻦ ّ اﻟﺸﺮطﺔ / .وأﺻﯿﺒﺖ اﺑﻨﺘُﮭﻤﺎ اﻟﺮﺻﺎص ﻋﻠﻰ ﯾﺪ اﻟﻌﺼﺎﺑﺎت ﺗﺤﺖ رﺟﻞ ﻗُﺘﻞ ُ ِ ٍ ِ ُ واﺑﻞ ﻣﻦ ّ اﻟﺮﺻﺎص ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﯿﺎرﺗﮭﻢ. إطﻼق ﺗﻢ ﺑﺠﺮاح ﻓﻲ اﻟﮭﺠﻮم ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ّ ٍ The mobster died in a hail of bullets from the police offcers./Their daughter was injured in the attack when their car was hit by a hail of bullets. اﻟﻤﻨِﯿّﺔُ واﻓﺎهُ اﻷََﺟُﻞ /واﻓَ ْﺘﮫُ َ To pass away; to be overtaken by death. ﻋﻤﺮ ﯾُ ُ ّ وﻗﺪ واﻓﺘﮭﺎ اﻟﻤﻨﯿّﺔ ھﺬا ّ واﻟﺴﺒﻌﯿﻦ ،إﻧّﺎ ﻨﺎھﺰ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺴﺔ اﻟﺼﺒﺎح ﻓﻲ ﺑﯿﺘﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺎھﺮة ﻋﻦ ٍ ﻣﺬﻛﺮاﺗﮫ / .ﻟﻘﺪ واﻓﺎه ﻨﮭﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ aوإﻧّﺎ إﻟﯿﮫ راﺟﻌﻮن / .ﻣﻊ اﻷﺳﻒ ﻟﻘﺪ واﻓﺎه ُ ِ اﻷﺟﻞ ﻗﺒﻞ أن ﯾُ َ اﻷﺟﻞ ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن ُ ﯾﻘﻮد اﻟﺠﮭﻮد ﻟﺘﻘﺪﯾﻢ ّ ﻋﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻄّﺒﯿّﺔ ﻟﻼﺟﺌﯿﻦ. اﻟﺮ ِ 219 DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-28 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases She passed away this morning at her home in Cairo at the age of 75; to God we belong and to Him we shall return./Sadly, he was overtaken by death before he could complete his memoirs./He passed away while he was leading the efforts to provide medical care to refugees. َُوَﺟَﺪ ﺿﺎﻟﱠﺘَﮫ To see in something/someone what one has always been looking for; to fnd what one wants. ّﺣﺎﻓﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻨ ّ ﻣﺪﯾﺮ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺨﺐ ّ ٌ اﻟﻤﺪرب اﻟﺬي ﻟﺪﯾﮫ ِﺳ ﱞ ﺠﺎﺣﺎت ﺠﻞ إن ﻓﺮﯾﻘﮫُ وﺟﺪ ﺿﺎﻟّﺘﮫ ﻓﻲ ھﺬا وﻗﺎل ُ ِ ّ ّ ّ ﺟﺪﯾﺪة ﺿﺎﻟﺘﮫ ﻓﻲ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﻤﺜﻠﺔ اﻟﺸﺎﺑّﺔ وﺟﻮه اﻟﻤﺨﺮج اﻟﺬي ﻛﺎن ﯾﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ وﺟﺪ/ .اﻟﻜﺒﯿﺮة ُ ٍ ٍ .دور اﻟﺒُﻄﻮﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﯿﻠﻤﮫ َ ﻟﺘﻠﻌﺐ َ The football team manager said that his team had found his long-sought-after trainer, who had achieved great successes./The flm director who was looking for new faces found what he was looking for in this young actress to play the lead role in his flm. َوْﺟًﮭﺎ ﻟِ َﻮْﺟٍﮫ Face-to-face; in person. ّ ﻻ ﻻ أﺳﺘﻄﯿﻊ أن/ .ﻣﻜﺎﻟﻤﺎت اﻟﻔﯿﺪﯾﻮ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻼت وﺟﮭًﺎ ﻟﻮﺟﮫ وإﻧّﻤﺎ ﻋﺒﺮ ﺗﻔﻀُﻞ اﻹدارة أن َ ِ ّ أن ﻣﻌﺎﻟﯿﮫ ﻟﻦ ّ ﯾﺆﺳﻔﻨﻲ/ .أﺧﺒﺮك ﺣﺘﻰ ﻧﻠﺘﻘﻲ وﺟﮭًﺎ ﻟﻮﺟﮫ .ﯾﻠﺘﻘﻲ ﺑﻜﻢ وﺟﮭًﺎ ﻟﻮﺟﮫ ﯾﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ أن َ The management prefers video calls to in-person interviews./I cannot tell you until we meet face-to-face./I am sorry his excellency will not be able to meet with you in person. َ َوراء ﻮاﻟﯿﺲ اﻟﻜ ِ Behind the scenes. اﻧﺨﺮطﺖ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔُ واﻟﻤﻌﺎرﺿﺔُ ﻓﻲ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﯿﻖ اﻟﺘّﻔﺎھﻢ ﻣﺤﺎدﺛﺎت ﻣﻦ وراء اﻟﻜﻮاﻟﯿﺲ ﺳﻌﯿًﺎ ٍ ِ ِ ّ وﯾﺒﺪو ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮاﺿﺢ/ .اﻟﻤﺘﺒﺎدل ّ اﻟﺼﺮاﻋﺎت اﻟﺨﻄﯿﺮة ﻣﻦ وراء اﻟﻜﻮاﻟﯿﺲ أن ھﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﺾ ّ وﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﺮض/ .ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻄّﺮﻓﯿﻦ ّ ُﮭﻤﮫ ﻣﺎ ﯾﺠﺮي وراء ردِه ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﺒﺎء إﻗﺎﻟﺘﮫ ﻗﺎل ّ اﻟﻤﺪرب إﻧّﮫ ﻻ ﯾ .اﻟﻜﻮاﻟﯿﺲ 220 ﺣﺮف اﻟﻮاو The government and the opposition engaged in behind-the-scenes talks in pursuit of mutual understanding./It seems obvious the two parties have some serious behind-the-scenes conficts./In response to the news of his dismissal, the coach said that he does not care about what is going on behind the scenes. ﻋﺎر ْ َو ٍ ُﺻَﻤﺔ A disgrace; a mark of shame; a stigma. ُﻛﺒﯿﺮة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻮاﺋﻞ اﻟﻔﻘﯿﺮة ﻓﻲ ھﺬا اﻟﺒﻠﺪ ھﻲ وﺻﻤﺔ ّ ﻋﺎر ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺒﯿﻦ أﻋﺪاد إن ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ وﺟﻮد ٍ ٍ ٍ ُ ّ وھﺬه اﻟﺤﻘﯿﻘﺔُ ھﻲ،واﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻘﻮق ﯾﻮﺟﺪ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻵن ﻣﺴﺎواةٌ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺮأة ﻻ/ .اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ .ﻋﺎر ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺚ ٍ ُوﺻﻤﺔ It is a mark of shame on this government that so many families in this country live in poverty./There is still no equal rights for women, and this is a disgrace to modern society. زارھﺎ ُ اﻟﺤْﺮ َ ب أَ ْو َ ﺖ َ َو ِ ﺿَﻌ The war comes to an end. ب أوزارھﺎ ﺷﻌﺮ اﻟﺠﻨﻮُد ﺑﺄﻧّﮭﻢ ﻣﺤﻈﻮظﻮَن ﻷﻧّﮭﻢ ﺑﻘﻮا ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﯿﺪ وﺣﯿﻦ و ُ ﺿﻌﺖ اﻟﺤﺮ ِ ﺿﻌﺖ وﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ و/ أوزارھﺎ؟ ب وﻛﻢ ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔً ﻋﻠﯿﻨﺎ أن ﻧﺨﻮض ﻗﺒﻞ أن/ .اﻟﺤﯿﺎة ُ ﺗﻀﻊ اﻟﺤﺮ َ َ ِ .ﺖ اﻟﺒﻼُد ﻋﺐء ﺳﺪاد دﯾﻮﻧﮭﺎ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠّﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮب ُ اﻟﺤﺮ ِ ب أوزارھﺎ واﺟﮭ When the war came to an end, the soldiers felt lucky to be alive./How many battles do we have to fght before the war is over?/When the war came to an end, the country faced the burden of repaying its war debt. َ َو ْ ط ُﺄت ﻗََﺪﻣﺎه To set foot in a place. ّ ﺿﺞ ﻠﺔ ﺧﺸﺒﺔَ اﻟﻤﺴﺮح ﺣﺘﻰ ﻛﺎن ﻧﯿﻞ/ .ﻋﺎل ﺑﺘﺼﻔﯿﻖ اﻟﻤﺴﺮح ُ ِ ّوﻣﺎ إن وطﺄت ﻗﺪﻣﺎ اﻟﻤﻤﺜ ٍ ٍ ّ َﺺ ﺣﺠﺮة ّ ّ وﻣﺎ إن وطﺄت ﻗﺪﻣﺎ اﻟﻠ/ .ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻘﻤﺮ اﻟﺠﺪة ﺷﺨﺺ ﺗَﻄﺄ ﻗﺪﻣﺎه أول َ َ أرﻣﺴﺘﺮوﻧﻎ ٍ .وﺟﮭﮫ ﻓﮭﺮب ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻔﻮر ﺗﺼﯿﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺘﻰ أﺧﺬت ُ ِ 221 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases Once the actress set foot on the stage, the theatre buzzed with loud applause./ Neil Armstrong was the frst man to set foot on the surface of the moon./As soon as the thief set foot in the grandmother’s room, she started shouting at him, and he immediately fed the scene. أَوﻓﻰ ﺑَِﻮْﻋِﺪِه/ َوﻓﻰ To keep one’s promise; to be true to one’s word. ُ ُ ّ أﺟﻞ / .وﻓﯿﺖ ﺑﻮﻋﺪي وﻗﺪ،اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة اﻻﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﯿّﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ اﻧﺘﺨﺒﺘﻨﻲ وﻋﺪت أن ﻟﻘﺪ َ ِ أﻋﻤﻞ ﺟﺎھﺪةً ﻣﻦ ﺑﻮﻋﺪك وﻛﯿﻒ ﺳﺘﻔﻲ/.ﻘﻮد أوﻓﺖ ﺑﻮﻋﺪھﺎ ﻟﺼﺪﯾﻘﺘِﮭﺎ وﺷﺎرﻛﺘﮭﺎ اﻟﻤﺒﻠﻎ وﺣﯿﻦ َ ّاﺳﺘﻠﻤﺖ اﻟﻨ ِ ِ ﻟﺰوﺟﺘِﻚ ﻓﻲ ھﺬه اﻟﻈّﺮوف؟ I promised that I would work hard for the constituency I was elected to serve, and I kept my promise./When she received the money, true to her words, she shared it with her friend./How will you keep your promise to your wife in these circumstances? َوﻗَ َﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺗِﻘِِﮫ To fall or rest on someone’s shoulders; to be the responsibility of someone. ّ ﻋﺎﺗﻖ ﻣﺪﯾﺮ ُ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ُ َ ﺗ/ .ﻛﻨﺖ اﻻﺑﻦ اﻷﻛﺒﺮ وﻟﺬا وﻗﻌﺖ ﻣﺴﺆوﻟﯿّﺔُ اﻷﺳﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺗﻘﻲ ِ ّ ﮭﻤﺔُ وﺿﻊ ّاﻟﺘ ّ ﺗﻘﻊ ّ ﺮﻛﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﺎرھﺎ ّ ﻛﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﯿ ِّﺔ أﻓﮭﻢ ﻟﻤﺎذا ُ َ ﯾﺠﺐ أن ّ ﻨﻔﯿﺬي َﻣ ِ اﻟﺸ ُ ﻻ/ .اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺢ .ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺗﻘﻲ I was the eldest child, and hence the family responsibilities fell on my shoulders./It is the responsibility of the CEO of the company to put the company on the right track./I do not see why all the responsibility should fall on my shoulders. ﺮام ْ َوﻗَ َﻊ ﻓﻲ ِﻋ ِ َﻏ/ ُﺣﱢﺐ/ ﻖ ِ ﺸ To fall in love. ّ ُوﺗﻘﻮل اﻷﺳﻄﻮرة إن ُﻓﺘﺎة ﻗﺮوﯾّﺔ وﻗﺪ ﺑﻨﻰ ﻟﮭﺎ ھﺬا اﻟﻘﺼﺮ اﻟﺬي ﺗﺮوﻧﮫ ُ ٍ اﻷﻣﯿﺮ وﻗﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺸﻖ َ .أﯾﺎم ﻛﺎﻓﯿًﺎ ﻟﻨَﻘﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺒّﮭﺎ ﻛﺎن ﺑﻘﺎؤﻧﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪﯾﻨﺔ ﻣﺮاﻛﺶ/ .أﻣﺎﻣﻜﻢ ِ ٍ ﻟﺒﻀﻌﺔ 222 ﺣﺮف اﻟﻮاو Legend has it that the prince fell in love with a villager, and he built for her this palace that you see before you./A few days in Marrakesh were enough for us to fall in love with the city. َوﻗَ َﻌْﺖ َﻋْﯿﻨﺎهُ ﻋﻠﻰ One’s eyes fall on something; to lay eyes on; to notice. ُأﻋﺠﺒﺘﻨﻲ اﻟﻘﻼدة ّ ﺑﻤﺠﺮد أن وﻗﻌﺖ َ ُ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺟﺜﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ رﻛﺒﺘﯿﮫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ وﻗﻌﺖ ﻋﯿﻨﺎه/ .ﻋﯿﻨﺎي ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ّ اﻗﺘﺮﺑﺖ ﺻﻐﯿﺮة ﻋﻠﺒﺔ اﻟﺸﺎﺑّﺔُ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺰﻟﮭﺎ وﻗﻌﺖ ﻋﯿﻨﺎھﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ وﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ/ .ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﻈﯿﻢ ٍ ٍ ِ .ﺗُﺮﻛﺖ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺑﺎب اﻟﺒﯿﺖ I liked the necklace as soon as I laid eyes on it./He kneeled when his eyes fell upon the mighty mountain./As the young woman approached her house, her gaze fell upon a little packet left by the door. ﺘﻮف اﻟﯿَ َﺪْﯾِﻦ َ ﻒ َﻣْﻜ َ ََوﻗ To stand idly by. ّ ّ ﻣﻜﺘﻮف اﻟﯿﺪﯾﻦ وأﺳﻤﺢ ﻒ ﺨﺎذ ﺗﺪاﺑﯿﺮ ﻒ ﻣﻜﺘﻮﻓﻲ اﻷﯾﺪي َ َ ِ ﻟﻦ أﻗ/ .ﻣﻀﺎدة َ ِﻟﻦ ﻧَﻘ ِ ّوﺳﻨﻀﻄﺮ إﻟﻰ اﺗ ﻟﻚ ﱢ ُ ﺗﺸﺎھﺪك وأﻧﺖ اﻷم ھﻨﺎ ﻣﻜﺘﻮﻓﺔَ اﻟﯿﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﺑﺒﺚ َ ِ ﻟﻦ ﺗﻘ/ .ﻠﺔ ﻋﻨّﻲ ٍ ﻛﺎذﺑﺔ وﻣﻀﻠﱢ ٍ ٍ ّ ﻒ .ﺗﻀﺮب اﺑﻨﮭﺎ ُ We will not stand idly by and will be forced to take countermeasures./I will not stand idly by and allow you to spread false and misleading information about me./The mother is not going to stand here and watch you hit her son. ﻛﺎن أَ ْﻋﻈَُﻢ َ َوﻣﺎ َﺧﻔَِﻲ Just the tip of the iceberg; what is concealed of the problem may be worse than what is revealed; God knows what else. ُ وﻣﺎ،ﻣﺴﺘﻮﯾﺎت اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ واﻟﺬي ﻧﺮاهُ ﻓﻲ اﻷﺧﺒﺎر ھﻮ اﻟﻨّﺰر اﻟﻘﻠﯿﻞ اﻟﻔﺴﺎد ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ ﺗﻐﻠﻐﻞ ﻟﻘﺪ َ ِ ّ ّ / .ﻛﺎن أﻋﻈﻢ ُ ﺗﺘﻜﺸ ّ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﯿﻞ اﻟﺨﻄّﺔ / .ﻛﺎن أﻋﻈﻢ وﻣﺎ،ﻒ اﻟﺴّﺮﯾّﺔ ﺑﺪأت ﺑﻌﺾ إن َ ﺧﻔﻲ َ ﺧﻔﻲ َ ِ َ َ ّ واﻟﻌﻘﺎر اﻟﺬي .ﻛﺎن أﻋﻈﻢ وﻣﺎ،زوﺟﺘﮫ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﻛﺬب ﻋﻠﯿﻨﺎ ﻟﻘﺪ َ ﺧﻔﻲ َ ِ ِ ﺑﺸﺄن اﻷﻣﻮال ِ ُﺳﺠﻠﮫ َ ِ 223 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases Corruption has permeated all levels of the government; what we see in the news is just the tip of the iceberg./Little of the details of the secret plan is coming out, but it is just the tip of the iceberg./He lied to us about the money, and the property he registered in his wife’s name, and God knows what else. َوَھﻜﺬا َدواﻟَ ْﯿَﻚ Again and again and so forth. ّ ﺛﻢ ﺗﻘﺴﻤﮫُ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻨ،اﻟﺮﻗﻢ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻨّﺼﻒ ّ ﺗﻘﺴﻢ وھﻜﺬا، ﺛﻢ أﺧﺮى،ﺼﻒ ﻣﺮةً أﺧﺮى ﯾﺠﺐ أن ُ ِ َ ّ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﺎل ﻓﻲ اﻟﯿﻮم اﻷول ﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ اﻟﻤﺰﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ،اﻟﺸﮭﺮ ّادِﺧﺮ/ .دواﻟﯿﻚ ﺣﺘﻰ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ َ ّ ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ .اﻟﺸﮭﺮ وھﻜﺬا دواﻟﯿﻚ ﺣﺘﻰ، واﻟﻤﺰﯾﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﯿﻮم اﻟﺜّﺎﻟﺚ،اﻟﻤﺎل ﻓﻲ اﻟﯿﻮم اﻟﺜّﺎﻧﻲ ِ You must halve the number, then halve it again, and again, and so on into infnity./Put aside some money for the frst day of the month, more money for the second day, and more for the third day, and so forth until the end of the month. َوَھﻠُ ﱠﻢ َﺟ ًّﺮا And so forth; and so on. ّ ﺿﻐﻂ ُ ّ وھﻠﻢ اﻟﻘﻠﺐ واﻟﺴﻤﻨﺔ وأﻣﺮاض اﻟﺪم اﻟﻌﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨّﺎس ﻣﻦ أﻣﺮاض ﻣﺰﻣﻨﺔ ﻛﺎرﺗﻔﺎع ﯾُﻌﺎﻧﻲ ّ ِ ِ ًإن اﻟﺘّﺨﻄﯿﻂ ﯾُﻤﺜّﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﯿّﺔ ّ / .ﺟﺮا ًّ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت واﻟﺘّﺤﻠﯿﻞ وﺻﯿﺎﻏﺔ اﻻﻓﺘﺮاﺿﺎت ّ ّ وھﻠﻢ .ﺟﺮا ّ Many people suffer from chronic health conditions, such as hypertension, obesity, heart disease, and so forth./Planning is a process that involves the collection of information, analysis, drafting assumptions, and so forth. اﻟﻮْھﻠَﺔُ اﻷوﻟﻰ َ At frst sight or glance; at frst. ً ّ ّإﻻ،ﻟﻠﻮھﻠﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ّ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ً ﻣﻤﯿﺰا ﺟﺪا ﻓﻲ ﻟﻐﺘﮭﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ أن ﻟﮫ أن اﺳﻤﮭﺎ ﻗﺪ ﯾﺒﺪو ﻏﺮﯾﺒًﺎ ِ ً ّ اﻟﻮھﻠﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ّ ّ ﺠﯿﺐ ﻋﻦ ﺟﻮدي اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﱢﻖ ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﻮ أن ﯾﺒﺪو ﻣﻦ/ .اﻷم ُ ُاﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﻻ ﯾ ُ اﻟﺴﺆال َ ّ ِ ّ ُ ھﻞ ﺗ/ .اﻟﺤﯿﺎة ّ اﻟﻮھﻠﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ؟ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺼﺪق ِ 224 ﺣﺮف اﻟﻮاو Her name may look strange at frst glance, but it has a very special meaning in her native language./At frst sight, the book seemingly does not answer the existential question of the meaning of life./Do you believe in love at frst glance? َوُھﻨﺎ َﻣْﺮﺑَﻂُ اﻟﻔَ َﺮس Therein lies the crux of the issue; and that’s the key point here; and that is what this is all about. ُاﻟﺤﯿَ ُﻞ اﻟﻨّﻔﺴﯿّﺔ ُ واﻟﻤﺰﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺰﯾﺪ ﯾﺸﺘﺮون ﺟﻌﻞ اﻟﻨّﺎس ﺗﮭﺪف إﻟﻰ َ َ َ ِ ﻓﮭﺬه،وھﻨﺎ ﻣﺮﺑﻂُ اﻟﻔﺮس ِ ّ / .ﺠﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﯾﺤﺘﺎﺟﻮﻧَﮭﺎ إﻧﻘﺎذ اﻷﻗﻠﯿّﺎت وإﻧّﻤﺎ ﻟﻮﺿﻊ أﯾﺪﯾﮭﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻣﺮ ﻻ إن ُ َ ِ ﯾﺪور ﺣﻮل ِ َاﻟﻤﻨﺘ . وھﻨﺎ ﻣﺮﺑﻂُ اﻟﻔﺮس،ﺣﻘﻮل اﻟﻨّﻔﻂ ِ And therein lies the crux: These psychological tricks are aimed at making people buy more and more of the products that they do not need./This whole thing is about putting their hands on the oil felds, not about saving the minorities. ي ُﺟ ْﺜﻤﺎﻧُﮫُ اﻟﺜﱠﺮى َ وور ِ To be laid to rest; to be buried; the mortal remains were laid to rest. ُ وﺗُﻮﻓّﻲ ﻣﻘﺒﺮة ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻠﺐ ووري ﺟﺜﻤﺎﻧُﮫ اﻟﺜّﺮى ﻓﻲ راﺋﺪ اﻟﻘﻠﻢ ﻓﻲ ﯾﻮم اﻷرﺑﻌﺎء إﺛﺮ إﺟﺮاء ٍ ِ .ﯾﻮم اﻟﺠﻤﻌﺔ َ ﺗﻮﻓﯿﺖ واﻟﺪﺗﮫُ اﻟﻠّﯿﻠﺔَ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﯿﺔ وﺳﯿﻮارى ﺟﺜﻤﺎﻧُﮭﺎ اﻟﺜّﺮى/ .اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ The pioneering writer died on Wednesday after having a heart operation, and he was laid to rest in the family burial plot./His mother died last night and will be laid to rest on Friday. 225 ي ﺣﺮف اﻟﯿﺎء ق ُ ﺮﻋُﺪ َوﯾُ ْﺒِﺮ ِ ُﯾ To thunder against someone/something; to thunder away threatening towards others. ّ وأﺧﺬ اﻟﻨﺎﺷﻂُ ﯾُﺮﻋﺪ وﯾُﺒﺮق ّ / .اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻨﺎخ اﻟﻘﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﯿﻦ ﺿﺪ َ ّ ّ واﻟﺴﯿﺎﺳﯿﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺆﺗﻤﺮ ّ ﺮﻋﺪون وﯾُﺒﺮﻗﻮن ً ّ ﺿﺪ اﻻﺳﺘﯿﻼء ﻋﻠﻰ أﺧﺬ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﺮ/ .اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎن ُواﺣﺪا ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨُﻘّﺎد اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﯾ َ .ﯾﺮﻋﺪ وﯾﺒﺮق ﺣﺎل وﺻﻮل ﻛﺘﺎب ﻧﻘﻠﮫ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻋﻤﻠﮫ The activist thundered against the politicians and offcials at the climate summit./He was one critic who thundered against the power grab./The manager thundered away as soon as the letter arrived, transferring him away from his workplace. ﻨﺎن ْ ﺸﺎر ُ ُﯾ ِ َإﻟﯿ ِﮫ ﺑِﺎﻟﺒ To be renowned, well known, famous, or celebrated; a prominent person. ّ ّ ﻟﻘﺪ/ .واﻟﺼﺪر ﺟﺮاﺣﺔ اﻟﻘﻠﺐ إن ھﺬا اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺿﺮ ھﻮ ﺑﺮوﻓﯿﺴﻮر ﻧﺎﺟﺢ ﯾُﺸﺎر إﻟﯿﮫ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻨﺎن ﻓﻲ ِ ّ / .آﻟﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن أود اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﺳﯿﻘﺎرا ﯾُﺸﺎر إﻟﯿﮫ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻨﺎن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟَﻢ ﻛﺎن ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ً ّ ِ اﻟﻌﺰف ﻋﻠﻰ ِ ً ّ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﯿﻦ اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﺳﺎھﻤﻮا ﻓﻲ أن ﯾﺼﺒﺢ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﺮﻛﺰا ﯾﺸﺎر إﻟﯿﮫ اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت ھﺬا ﺑﺠﮭﻮد ﺷﯿﺪ َ َ ُأن أ ِ .ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻨﺎن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟَﻢ This lecturer is a successful and prominent professor of cardiothoracic surgery./My uncle was an eminent qanun player, celebrated in the Arab World./I would like to commend the efforts of the researchers who have contributed to making this research institute a world-class centre. 226 DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-29 ﺣﺮف اﻟﯿﺎء ﺒﯿﻦ ُ اﻟﺠ َ ُﯾَ ْﻨﺪى ﻟَﮫ To be shameful; to be disgraceful. ّ ّ ﻓﻈﺎﺋﻌﮫ اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﻨﺪى ﻟﮭﺎ ﯾﺬﻛﺮون ﺷﯿﺌًﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮن ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﯿﺪ وﻻ ﻟﺪي ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔٌ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺬﯾﻦ َ َ ﯾﺘﺸﺪ ِ ُ وﻻ ﻧ، إﻧّﮭﺎ واﺣﺪةٌ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺣﺪاث اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﻨﺪى ﻟﮭﺎ اﻟﺠﺒﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ اﻟﺒﺸﺮﯾّﺔ/ .اﻟﺠﺒﯿﻦ َﮭﺪف إﻟﻰ .إﺣﯿﺎء ذﻛﺮاھﺎ ِ I have an issue with people who want to claim the glorious past, but none of its shameful atrocities./This is one of the most disgraceful events in the history of humanity, and we do not aim to commemorate it. ف ُ ف ﺑِﻤﺎ ﻻ ﯾَ ْﻌِﺮ ُ ﯾَْﮭِﺮ One speaking on a subject they know nothing about; one does not know what one is talking about; talking rubbish; know-it-all. ًﻋﻼﺟﺎت ﺧﺎرﻗﺔ ّ إﻧّﻚ ﻻ/ . إﻧّﮫ ﯾﮭﺮف ﺑﻤﺎ ﻻ ﯾﻌﺮف،ﻟﺴﺘﺔ أﻣﺮاض وﯾﺪﻋﻲ أﻧّﮫ ﻗﺪ اﺧﺘﺮع ٍ ِ وأﺧﺬت اﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﺔُ ﺗﮭﺮف ﺑﻤﺎ ﻻ ﺗﻌﺮف / .ﺗﻌﺮف ﺷﯿﺌًﺎ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع ﻓﻼ ﺗﮭﺮف ﺑﻤﺎ ﻻ ﺗﻌﺮف ِ .أﻣﺎم أﺑﺮز اﻟﻤﺜﻘّﻔﯿﻦ واﻟﻤﺜﻘّﻔﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻠﺪ He claims that he has invented miraculous cures for six diseases. He does not know what he is talking about./You know nothing about the topic, so do not talk rubbish!/The offcial is posing as Ms. Know-It-All in front of the country’s most eminent intellectuals. 227 اﻷﻣﺜﺎل ﺖ إِﻟَْﯿِﮫ َ ﺴْﻨ َ ﻖ َ ﺷﱠﺮ َﻣْﻦ أَ ْﺣ ِ إِﺗﱠ Beware of him for whom you have done good deeds; beware of evil that may come from one whom you helped; no good deed goes unpunished. ً وﻟﻜﻨّﮫ،رﺋﯿﺴﺎ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ أن ﯾُﻜﺎﻓﺄه ﻋﻠﻰ ﻖ ﺟﮭﻮده ﻗﺎم ﻟﻘﺪ ﺳﺎﻋﺪهُ ﻓﻲ أن ﯾﺼﺒﺢ ً ِ ِ ِ ّ ﺣﻘًﺎ ”إﺗ،ﺑﺴﺠﻨﮫ ّ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻮظﻔﻮ اﻟﻘﻄﺎع اﻟﻌﺎم/ “.أﺣﺴﻨﺖ إﻟﯿﮫ َ ّ ،ﺑﺠﺪ ﻛﻲ ﯾﻘﺪﻣﻮا أﻓﻀﻞ اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻨﺔ ﺷﺮ ﻣﻦ ً وﻟﻜﻦ ّ ﻖ ﺷﺮ ﻣﻦ ّ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ أن ِ ّ ﺣﻘًﺎ ”إﺗ.ﺗﺘﻢ ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺄﺗﮭﻢ أﻗﺪﻣﺖ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔُ ﻋﻠﻰ اﺳﺘﻘﻄﺎع رواﺗﺒﮭﻢ ّ َ ّ ﻖ “.أﺣﺴﻨﺖ إﻟﯿﮫ ﺷﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺨﯿﺎﻧﺔ ُ إﻧّﮭﺎ اﻧﺘﮭﺎزﯾَﺔ وﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺖ إﺣﺴﺎﻧﮫ/ “.أﺣﺴﻨﺖ إﻟﯿﮫ ِ ِ ّ ”إﺗ.واﻟﺸّﺮ He helped him to become president, but instead of being rewarded for his efforts, the president threw him into prison. Beware of him whom you have done good deeds./The civil servants were working hard to provide the best services possible but, instead of rewarding them, the government cut their wages. Truly, no good deed goes unpunished./She was an opportunist who paid his kindness with betrayal and evil. Beware of evil that may come from one whom you helped. ْ َﯾﺎﺣَﻚ ﻓ ﺎﻏﺘَﻨِْﻤﮭﺎ ُ إذا َھﺒﱠ ْﺖ ِر Seize one’s opportunity while one may; if the opportunity presents itself, seize it; make hay while the sun shines; gather ye rosebuds while ye may. ّ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﺮﺻﺔٌ ﻛﺒﯿﺮةٌ ﻟﺤﺼﻮﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﺔ ھﺬا اﻟﻌﺎم إن ُ وإذا ھﺒّﺖ رﯾﺎﺣﻚ،ﻗﺪﻣﺖ اﻟﻄّﻠﺐ اﻵن ّ ﻤﺮر ّ ُ ﻧﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ أن ﻧ، إذا ھﺒّﺖ رﯾﺎﺣﻚ ﻓﺎﻏﺘﻨﻤﮭﺎ/ .ﻓﺎﻏﺘﻨﻤﮭﺎ اﻏﺘﻨِﻢ/ .اﻟﺼﻔﻘﺔَ ﻣﺎدام اﻟﻤﺪﯾﺮ ﻏﺎﺋﺒًﺎ ُ ً ﻟﺘﻀﯿﻒ ﻋﺪدا ﻣﻦ اﻷﺳﮭﻢ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﺘﻚ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ واﻵن ھﻮ وﺿﻊ اﻟﺒﻮرﺻﺔ َ ّ .ﯾﻘﻮل اﻟﻤﺜﻞ إذا ھﺒّﺖ رﯾﺎﺣﻚ ﻓﺎﻏﺘﻨﻤﮭﺎ ﻓﻜﻤﺎ،اﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎرﯾّﺔ ُ 228 DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-30 اﻷﻣﺜﺎل If you apply now, you have a great chance to get a scholarship this year; seize the opportunity while you can./We can pass the deal while the manager is absent; after all, you have to make hay while the sun shines./Now is the right time to buy a diverse range of shares for your portfolio; you should make hay while the sun shines. ﺳَﻤُﻊ َﺟْﻌَﺠَﻌﺔً َوﻻ أَرى طَْﺤﻨًﺎ ْ َأ All talk and no action; I hear the noise but see no grinding; great cry and little wool; much ado about nothing; all bark and no bite. إﻣﺪادات اﻟﻤﯿﺎه ﻧﻘﺺ ﻓﻲ ﻟﺴﻨﻮات ﻋﺪﯾﺪة وﻣﻊ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﻋﻮد ﻣﺎ ﺗﺰال اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔُ ﺗﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ ٍ ِ ٍ ﺎﻟﺤﺔ ﱡ ّ إﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ھﻨﺎك ﻧﻘﺎﺷﺎت ﻋﻦ/ .ﻧﺴﻤﻊ ﺟﻌﺠﻌﺔً وﻻ ﻧﺮى طﺤﻨًﺎ وﻣﺎزﻟﻨﺎ،ﻟﻠﺸﺮب ُ ِ ِ اﻟﺼ ً أﺳﻤﻊ ﺟﻌﺠﻌﺔ،ﺟﻮھﺮي ﺣﺘﻲ ﯾﻮﻣﻨﺎ ھﺬا ّ ّ ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﻄﻮﯾﺮ ﺷﻲء أي أﻣﻨﻲ ﺣﻮار ٍ ّ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻢ،إﻗﻠﯿﻤﻲ ّ ّ ٍ ّوﻋﻮدا ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮزارة ﻹﺻﻼح اﻟﻨّﻈﺎم اﻟﺘ ً ﻧﺴﻤﻊ ﻌﻠﯿﻤﻲ ّإﻻ أﻧّﻨﺎ ﻣﺎزﻟﻨﺎ ﻧﺴﻤﻊ/ .وﻻ أرى طﺤﻨًﺎ ُ ّ .ﺟﻌﺠﻌﺔً وﻻ ﻧﺮى طﺤﻨًﺎ For many years and despite too many promises, the city is still suffering from an inadequate supply of drinking water; It has been a case of all talk and no action./There have been discussions about establishing a regional security dialogue, but nothing substantial has been developed to date; it is much ado about nothing./We keep hearing claims from the ministry that it will reform the educational system, but nothing is done; the ministry is all bark and no bite. ﻧﺎر َﻋﻠﻰ َﻋﻠَ ٍﻢ ْ َأ ٍ ﺷَﮭُﺮ ِﻣْﻦ The most renowned; the most famous or well known. ّ ّ ُ ﺗ/ .اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ّ اﻷدب ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﻧﺎر ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺮي إن أﺑﺎ اﻟﻌﻼء ﻌﺪ ﻟﻮﺣﺔُ ”ﺳﺒﺖ ُ ّ ِ ٍ أﺷﮭﺮ ﻣﻦ ِ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎن اﻟﻤﺨﺮج/ .اﻷﺳﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻏﻮﯾﺎ ﻧﺎر ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﯿﻦ أﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﻔﻨّﺎن ّ ٍ اﻟﺴﺎﺣﺮات“ أﺷﮭﺮ ﻣﻦ ّ ﯿﻨﻤﺎﺋﻲ ھﯿﺘﺸﻜﻮك أﺷﮭﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎر ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ ّ .اﻟﺴﯿﻨﻤﺎ اﻟﺴ ّ Abu Al-Ala al-Ma’arri is one of the most famous fgures in the history of Arabic literature./The “Witches’ Sabbath” is the most famous among the works of the Spanish artist Goya./Hitchcock was the most renowned director in the world of cinema. 229 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases ﺮوف ﺎﻟﻤْﻌ َ اﻷَْﻗَﺮ ِ َ ِﺑﻮن أَ ْوﻟﻰ ﺑ Charity begins at home; a person should deal with the needs of their own family before helping others. ﯾﻨﺒﻐﻲ/ .ﻓﺎﻷﻗﺮﺑﻮن أوﻟﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻌﺮوف ،وﺗﮭﺘﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺮﺑﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺴﺎب أﺳﺮﺗﻚ ﺗﻌﺘﻨﻲ ﻻ ﯾﻨﺒﻐﻲ أن َ ّ َ ّ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪات اﻟﺪوﻟﯿّﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺗﻐﻄﯿﺔ ﺗﻜﺎﻟﯿﻒ ّ اﻟﺮﻋﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﺗﺤﻮل اﻷﻣﻮال ّ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ أن ِ .ﻓﺎﻷﻗﺮﺑﻮن أوﻟﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻌﺮوف اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿّﺔ َ You should not care for strangers at the expense of your family; charity begins at home./The government should divert the foreign aid funds to cover the social care costs; charity begins at home. ﻮاﺗﯿﻤﮭﺎ ﻤﺎل ﺑَِﺨ ُ ُاﻷ ِ ُ اﻷَْﻋ/ ﻣﻮر It is the end that counts or matters; all is well that ends well; the proof is in the end result; deeds or actions are judged by their endings. ّ وﻟﻜﻦ،ﻟﺤﺪ اﻵن ّ ﺗﺬﻛﺮ َ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺑﻌﻤﻞ ﻛﺒﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺸﺮوع اﻟﺘّﻄﻮﯾﺮ ﱢ ﻛﺎن/ .أن اﻷﻣﻮر ﺑﺨﻮاﺗﯿﻤﮭﺎ ﻗﻤﺖ ٍ ّ ،اﻟﺪﻗﺎﺋﻖ اﻷﺧﯿﺮة ّ ھﺪف اﻟﻔﻮز ﻓﻲ ُ اﻟﻀ ُ ّ ﻌﯿﻒ ﯾﺨﺴﺮ اﻟﻤﺒﺎراة إﻟﻰ أن ّ اﻟﻔﺮﯾﻖ إن اﻷﻣﻮر ﺳﺠﻞ َ .ﺑﺨﻮاﺗﯿﻤﮭﺎ ﻻ ﺑﺒﺪاﯾﺎﺗﮭﺎ You have done a great deal of work on the development project so far, but remember, it is the achievement in the end that counts./The weak team was losing the match until it scored the winning goal in the last minutes; it is the end that counts, not the start. راﺟﻌﻮن ِ َوإﻧّﺎ إﻟَ ْﯿِﮫaِ إﻧّﺎ To God, we belong, and to Him, shall we return. َاﻷﻣﯿﺮ ﺑﺮﻗﯿﺔ ﺗﻌﺰﯾﺔ أرﺳﻞ ”إﻧﻨﺎ ﻧُﻌﺒّﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻌﺎزﯾﻨﺎ وﻣﻮاﺳﺎﺗﻨﺎ ﻟﻜﻢ وﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ:وﻣﻮاﺳﺎة ﺟﺎء ﻓﯿﮭﺎ ُ ٍ ٍ “. وإﻧﺎ إﻟﯿﮫ راﺟﻌﻮنa إﻧّﺎ،ﯾﺘﻐﻤﺪهُ ﺑﺮﺣﻤﺘﮫ ّ اﻟﻔﻘﯿﺪ ﺳﺎﺋﻠﯿﻦ ﷲ أن “We express our condolences to you and the family of the deceased, praying to God to bestow mercy on his soul, to God, we belong, and to Him, shall we return,” the Emir stated in his cable of condolences. 230 اﻷﻣﺜﺎل ﺸﻌﺎﺑِﮭﺎ ِ ِأَ ْھُﻞ َﻣﱠﻜﺔَ أَ ْدرى ﺑ Locals know best; the people of Mecca know best their valleys. ّ ﻓﺈن أھﻞ ّ وﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎل اﻟﻤﺜﻞ،اﺣﺘﯿﺎﺟﺎت ﻣﺪﯾﻨﺘﮭﻢ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻏﯿﺮھﻢ ّ ﻣﻜﺔ ﯾﻌﺮﻓﻮن اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ أھﻞ َ َ إن ِ ِ ّ ﯾﺄﻛﻞ ﻓﺄھﻞ ﻣﻜﺔ،اﻟﺴّﻜﺎن اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿّﻮن ﺗﺄﻛﻞ ﺣﯿﺚ ﺣﺎول أن ُ َ ِ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺳﻔﺮك ﻟﻠﺨﺎرج/ .أدرى ﺑﺸﻌﺎﺑﮭﺎ َإن اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ّ ﺗﻌﺮف ﻛﯿﻒ ﺗﺪاﻓﻊ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺷﻌﺒﮭﺎ إذ ّ / .أدرى ﺑﺸﻌﺎﺑﮭﺎ ُ إن أھﻞ ﻣﻜﺔ أدرى ّ وﻟﻦ ﺗﻘﺒﻞ،ﺑﺸﻌﺎﺑﮭﺎ ّ اﻟﺴﻔﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺆون اﻟﺒﻼد ّ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ .اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﯿّﺔ The city residents are the ones who best know the needs of their city; as the proverb goes, “The people of Mecca know best their valleys.”/When travelling abroad, try to eat where locals eat, as locals know best./The government knows best how to defend the interests of the country, and the ambassador’s interference in the country’s internal affairs is not acceptable. َ أَ ّوُل ﺚ ﻗَ ْﻄٌﺮ ﺛُ ﱠﻢ ﯾَ ْﻨَﮭِﻤُﺮ ِ اﻟﻐْﯿ All great things have small beginnings; rain starts with tiny droplets; from the tiny acorn grows the mighty oak. ّ ،ﻟﻠﻤﺌﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨّﺎس ُ ّ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع اﻟﻐﯿﺚ إن أول إﻟﮭﺎم ﻣﺼﺪر ﻟﺰراﻋﺔ اﻷﺷﺠﺎر ﻐﯿﺮ ﺼﺒﺢ ُ اﻟﺼ ُ ُﺳﯿ َ ِ ِ ِ ٍ ّ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺛﻢ ﯾﻨﮭﻤﺮ ٌ ٌ ﺣﻘﻮل اﻟﻐﺎز وإن ﻓﺈن اﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎرات ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐﯿﺚ إذا ﻛﺎن أول/ .ﻗﻄﺮ ﺛﻢ ﯾﻨﮭﻤﺮ ِ ِ ّ ھﺪف اﻻﻛﺘﻔﺎء .اﺗﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺤﺪودة ﻓﺈﻧّﮭﺎ ﺳﺘُﺴﺎھﻢ ﻓﻲ ّ اﻟﺬ ِ ِ The tiny project of planting trees will become a source of inspiration for hundreds of people; all great things have small beginnings./All great things have small beginnings; even limited investments in the new gas felds will contribute to achieving the goal of self-suffciency. ﺟﺎرة ْ ﺎك أَ ْﻋﻨﻲ َ واﺳَﻤﻌﻲ ﯾﺎ ِ ّإﯾ I speak to you that you may hear O neighbour; I am talking with you, but I want someone else to hear; if you want to scold the dog, beat the chicken. – Chinese proverb; beat one to frighten another. ّ رﺟﻞ ً ،ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪا ﺑﻠﺪه ﺷﺮب اﻟﺪﯾﻦ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ اﻧﺘﻘﺪ ُ َ ﻓﺈﻧّﮫ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ،اﻟﻜﺤﻮل ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒُﻠﺪان اﻷﺧﺮى َ ِ ّ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿّﺔ اﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﯾّﺔ/ .وإﯾّﺎك أﻋﻨﻲ واﺳﻤﻌﻲ ﯾﺎ ﺟﺎرة اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺿﺪ اﻟﻤﯿﻠﯿﺸﯿﺎت رﺳﺎﻟﺔً إﻟﻰ ِ 231 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases ّ ﺑﺄﻛﻤﻠﮭﺎ وإﯾّﺎك أﻋﻨﻲ واﺳﻤﻌﻲ،ﯾﺘﻢ اﻟﺘّﺴﺎﻣﺢ ﺑﺸﺄﻧﮭﺎ ﺑﺄن ﻣﻌﺎرﺿﺔ اﻟﻨّﻈﺎم ّ اﻹﻗﻠﯿﻤﻲ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪ ﻟﻦ ّ ّ ، إﯾّﺎك أﻋﻨﻲ واﺳﻤﻌﻲ ﯾﺎ ﺟﺎرة/ .ﯾﺎ ﺟﺎرة ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﺪ ﻟﺴﻠﻮك اﻟﻤﺮاھﻘﯿﻦ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﻠﻲء إن اﻟﻤﻘﺎل ٌ ِ ّ ٌﻣﻮﺟﮫ ّ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻘﯿﻘﺔ،اﻟﻨﺎﺿﺠﯿﻦ ّ .ﺿﺪ أﻋﻀﺎء اﻟﻮزارة ﻓﺈن اﻟﻤﻘﺎل When the cleric publicly criticised the consumption of alcohol in other countries, he was referring to his own country in particular. I speak to you that you may hear, O neighbour./The military attack against the militias was a message to the whole region that opposition to the new regional order would not be tolerated. Beat one to frighten another./The article is full of criticism of the behaviour of immature teenagers, but in reality, it is directed to the members of the cabinet. I speak to you that you may hear, O neighbour. أَْﯾَﻦ اﻟﺜﱠﺮى ِﻣَﻦ اﻟﺜﱡَﺮﯾّﺎ Ground to the Pleiades; “Hyperion to a satyr”; to compare someone or something superior to someone or something inferior; not to venture to compare; as different as night and day; no comparison. ً ”ﻛﺎن:وﻗﺎل ھﺎﻣﻠﺖ ، أﯾﻦ اﻟﺜﺮى ﻣﻦ اﻟﺜﺮﯾﺎ/ “. أﯾﻦ اﻟﺜّﺮى ﻣﻦ اﻟﺜّﺮﯾﺎ،ﻋﻈﯿﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔً ﺑﮭﺬا ﻣﻠﻜﺎ ً ﻻ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ أﺷﻜﺎل اﻟﺤﻜﻢ اﻻﺳﺘﺒﺪادﯾّﺔ/ .ﻓﻘﺼﺮك ﻻ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺘﮫ ﺑﻤﻨﺰﻟﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﻮاﺿﻊ ّ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﯾﻤﻘﺮاطﯿﺎت . أﯾﻦ اﻟﺜﺮى ﻣﻦ اﻟﺜﺮﯾﺎ،اﻟﺪﺳﺘﻮرﯾّﺔ “So excellent a king; that was, to this, Hyperion to a satyr.” (Hamlet) Shakespeare./I would not venture to compare your palace with my humble house./Authoritarian forms of governance cannot be compared with constitutional democracies; they are as different as night and day. ﺮة ْ َﺮاب اﻟﺒ ِ ﺼ ِ ﺑَ ْﻌَﺪ َﺧ Too late; after death the doctor; too little too late. ّ ّ اﻹﺟﺮاءات اﻟﺘﻲ اﺗّﺨﺬﺗﮭﺎ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔُ ﻟﻤﻨﻊ اﻧﮭﯿﺎر ﻓﻲ/ .اﻟﺴﻮق ﺟﺎءت ﺑﻌﺪ ﺧﺮاب اﻟﺒﺼﺮة إن ِ ُ ّ ، وﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺧﺮاب اﻟﺒﺼﺮة،ﻋﻮاﻗﺐ ﻗﺮاراﺗﮭﻢ ﻋﻮن ﺳﯿﻜﺘﺸﻒ ﻏﻀﻮن ﺳﻨﻮات ﻣﻦ اﻵن َ اﻟﻤﺸﺮ َ ِ ُ ّ ﺣﯿﻨﺌﺬ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻗﺪ ﻣﻀﻰ ﻟﺘﺼﺤﯿﺢ .اﻟﻀﺮر اﻟﺬي أﻟﺤﻘﻮه ﺑﺎﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ ﺳﯿﻜﻮن إذ ٍ The government’s measures are too late to prevent the market crash./Within years from now, the legislators will fnd out the consequences of their decisions, but by that time, it will be too late to correct the damage they inficted on the environment. 232 اﻷﻣﺜﺎل ﺑَ ْﻌَﺪ اﻟﱠﺘﻲ واﻟﻠﱠﺘَﯿّﺎ/ ﺑَ ْﻌَﺪ اﻟﻠﱠﺘَﯿّﺎ َواﻟﱠﺘﻲ After considerable hassle; after grunting and sweating; after much toing and froing. ُ َ ّ أﻋﺎدت ﻟﻘﺪ ﺣﺼﻠﻨﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ/ .ﺳﻔﺮه وﺳﻤﺤﺖ ﻟﮫ ﺑﻤﻐﺎدرة اﻟﺒﻼد ﺟﻮاز ﻠﻄﺎت ﻟﮫ اﻟﺴ ،ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻠّﺘﯿﺎ واﻟﺘﻲ ِ ِ ّ ، ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻠّﺘﯿﺎ واﻟﺘﻲ/ .ﺒﯿﻌﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺮﯾﺔ ﺗﺪﺧﻠﺖ ﻟﺒﻨﺎء رﺧﺼﺔ اﻟﻠّﺘﯿﺎ واﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ٍ ّ ّﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻟﻠﻌﻼج اﻟﻄ ِ ٍ ّ ﻓﺮض .اﻟﺮﻗﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻄﺒﻮﻋﺎت اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔُ اﻟﻌﻠﯿﺎ ﻟﻤﻨﻊ ِ ِ After a lot of hassle, the authorities have fnally returned his passport to him and allowed him to leave the country./After a lot of grunting and sweating, we have obtained a license to build a physiotherapy centre in the village./After much toing and froing, the Supreme Court intervened to prevent the government from censoring the publications. اﻟﺴْﯿُﻞ ﱡ اﻟﺰﺑﻰ ﺑَﻠَ َﻎ ﱠ Matters become unbearable and reach their limit; to overstep the bounds of patience, tolerance, or acceptance; enough is enough. ّﺎس ﯾﺘ ّ اﻟﺴﯿﻞ ّ اﻟﺰﺑﻰ إذ ّ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺑﻠﻎ/ .ﻧﺤﻮ اﻟﻌﻨﻒ ّ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺑﻠﻎ ﯿﻞ ُ اﻟﺴ َ َ ّإن أﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺠﻌﻞ اﻟﻨ َ ﺠﮭﻮن ّ .اﻟﻤﺰﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ ھﺬه اﻟﻔﻮﺿﻰ ﻧﺘﺤﻤﻞ ﻧﻌﺪ ُ اﻟﺰﺑﻰ وﻟﻢ َ ّ The government’s actions have overstepped the bounds of patience, and people might react violently./Enough is enough; we are done with this chaos; we do not accept it anymore. اﻟﺴﻔُ ُﻦ ْ ﯾﺎح ﺑِﻤﺎ ﻻ ﺗ ﺗَْﺠﺮي ﱢ ُ َﺸﺘَﮭﻲ ُ اﻟﺮ Fate decides otherwise; things do not work out as one wishes or plans; one does not attain everything one desires. ُﻛﺎﻧﺖ رﻏﺒﺔ ّ وﻟﻜﻦ،ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺘﮫ أن ﯾﺼﺒﺢ ﻣﺤﺎﻣﯿًﺎ ّ ﯾﺎح ﺗﺠﺮي ﺑﻤﺎ ﻻ ﺗﺸﺘﮭﻲ ّ ﻷن اﻟﺴﻔﻦ ﻓﻘﺪ اﻧﺘﮭﻰ َ اﻟﺮ ِ ً ،اﻟﺴﻔﻦ ّ اﻟﺮﯾﺎح ﺑﻤﺎ ﻻ ﺗﺸﺘﮭﻲ ﻓﺒﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ أن ﺗﺘﺤﻘّﻖ رﻏﺒﺘُﮫ ﺗﺠﺮي/ .ﻟﯿﺼﺒﺢ ﻓﯿﻠﺴﻮﻓًﺎ ﺑﮫ اﻟﻤﻄﺎف ُ َ .اﻟﻘﻮات ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺎرك ﻧﻔﺴﮫ ﯾﻘﻮد ﻓﻲ أن َ ﯾﻌﯿﺶ ﺣﯿﺎةً ھﺎدﺋﺔً وﻣﺴﺎﻟﻤﺔ وﺟﺪ َ ِ His family wanted him to become a lawyer, but fate decided otherwise, and he became a philosopher./Fate has decided otherwise than he had thought and wished; instead of having a calm and peaceful life, he found himself leading troops into battles. 233 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases ﺳﻨِ ّﻤﺎر ُ َﺟ ِ ﺰاء Sinimmaar’s reward – when a good deed is rewarded with absolute evil; no good deed goes unpunished. ُ وﻟﻢ ﯾُﺮد،اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺼﺮ اﻟﻤﻨﺬر ﻓﺎﻧﺒﮭﺮ ﻗﺼﺮا اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎر ﺳﻨِّﻤﺎر ﺑﻨﻰ ُ ً ُ ﻋﻈﯿﻤﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻚ اﻟﻨُﻌﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ً ُ وﺣﯿﻦ/ . وﻛﺎن ذﻟﻚ ﺟﺰاء ﺳﻨﻤﺎر،ﺑﻘﺘﻠﮫ ﻷﺣﺪ ﻏﯿﺮه ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ﻗﺼﺮا ﻣﺜﻠﮫ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ أن ﯾﺒﻨﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎر ً ٍ ِ ﻋﺎم وﻧﺼﻒ ّإﻻ أﻧّﮫ،ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻛﻠﯿﺔ ﺗﺒﺮﻋﺖ زوﺟﺘُﮫ ﻟﮫ ﺑﺈﺣﺪى ﻛﻠﯿﺘﯿﮭﺎ اﺣﺘﺎج إﻟﻰ ٍ َ ٍ ﺧﻼل .ﺟﺰاء ﺳﻨﻤﺎر ﻟﻘﯿﺖ اﻟﻤﺴﻜﯿﻨﺔُ ﻣﻨﮫ ﻟﻘﺪ.اﻣﺮأة أﺧﺮى وﺗﺰوج ﻣﻦ طﻠّﻘﮭﺎ ّ ٍ ِ َ The architect Sinimmaar built a great palace for king Al-Nu’maan. The king was very impressed by the palace and did not want the architect to build a similar palace for anyone else, so he ordered the architect to be killed, and that was the reward of Sinimmaar./When he needed a kidney transplant, his wife donated one of her kidneys to him; but within 18 months, he divorced her and remarried. Poor woman, she got the reward of Sinimmaar. اﻟﻌَﻤﻞ ُ اﻟﺠ َ ﺲ َ ِ ﺰاء ِﻣﻦ ِﺟْﻨ As you sow, so you reap; they that sow the wind shall reap the whirlwind; karma; what goes around comes around; evil be to him who evil thinks; the biter gets bit. ﻓﺎﻟﺠﺰاء ﻣﻦ،ﺑﻠﺪه ِ أُﺟﺒﺮ اﻟﺪﯾﻜﺘﺎﺗﻮر ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻐﺎدرة اﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﻈّﻠﻢ اﻟﺬي ﻣﺎرﺳﮫُ ﺗﺠﺎه أﺑﻨﺎء ْ / .ﺟﻨﺲ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ّ ﺗﺠﻠﺐ/ .ﺳﻨﺮد ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ واﻟﺠﺰاء ﻣﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻌﺪو ﻗﻮاﺗﻨﺎ ﻓﺈﻧّﻨﺎ إن ھﺎﺟﻢ ّ ِ ّ ،دوﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻞ ّ اﻟﺒﺮ ّ أﻋﻤﺎل .إن اﻟﺠﺰاء ﻣﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ُ ً اﻟﺴﻌﺎدة The dictator was forced to leave the country because he reaped what he had sown in bringing injustice upon his people./If the enemy attacks our forces, we will retaliate promptly; as they sow the wind, they shall reap the whirlwind./Performing acts of kindness always bring happiness in return; what goes around comes around. اﻟﺠَﻤُﻞ ﺑِﻤﺎ َﺣَﻤﻞ َ Everything or all the components of something; the whole kit and caboodle. ُ ّ ّ ﺪون ﻣﻦ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺗﺮك اﻟﺠﻤﻞ ﺑﻤﺎ ﺣﻤﻞ/ .ﺛﺮوﺗﮫ ﺳﺘﺮث اﻟﺠﻤﻞ ﺑﻤﺎ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻣﻦ أن اﺑﻨﺘﮫ ﻧﺤﻦ َ ﻣﺘﺄﻛ ِ ّ واﻧﺴﺤﺐ إﻟﻰ .اﻟﺪﯾﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺒﺎل اﻟﺒﻌﯿﺪة َ 234 اﻷﻣﺜﺎل We are sure that his daughter will inherit the whole kit and caboodle./He had abandoned everything he had and dragged himself to the monastery in the far mountains. ٌ َﺣِﺪ ﺠﻮن ُ ﯾﺚ ذو ٍ ﺷ An intricate, interwoven, or interlaced topic, issue, or conversation; a topic that drifts to more related topics. ٌ ّ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮا ﻣﻨﺬ ﺣﺪﯾﺚ ذو ﺷﺠﻮن وﻣﺎ ﯾﺰال ﺣﻮل اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮﯾّﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎت ھﻮ اﻟﻨﻘﺎش إن ً َ َ ٌ َ ّ / .ﺳﻨﻮات .ُﺣﺪﯾﺚ ذو ﺷﺠﻮن وﻻ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺠﺎھﻠﮫ داﺋﻤﺎ إن ً اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﺤﯿﺎة ھﻮ The debate regarding racism in societies is intricate and has been going for years./The conversation about the meaning of life is always interwoven and cannot be ignored. ُﻋﺎﺟﻠُﮫ ِ َﺧْﯿُﺮ اﻟﺒِﱢﺮ Do good things quickly (Japanese saying); to hasten to do good things or deeds; strike while the iron is hot; there is no time like the present; the earlier the better. ّ / .اﻟﺒﺮ ﻋﺎﺟﻠﮫ ّ ،ﯾﺪھﺎ ّ إن ﺧﯿﺮ ّ ﺧﯿﺮ ،اﻟﺒﺮ ﻋﺎﺟﻠﮫ وﻗﺖ ﻛﻲ ﺗﻨﺘﻈﺮ؟ إﻧّﮫ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﺎذا َ ﺗﻄﻠﺐ ٍ َ إن َ ِ ّ ﯾﻘﺒﻞ َاﻟﺪﻋﻮة ّ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﮭﺔَ إﻟﯿﮫ ﻟﯿُﺼﺒﺢ ﯾﻨﺒﻐﻲ أن ﻧﺸﺮع َ وﻗﺪ ﺣﺜّﮫ ﺻﺪﯾﻘُﮫ ﺑﺄن/ .ﺑﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ ِ ّ ﺧﻄﺎﺑﺎت اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺲ إذ ّ إن ﺧﯿﺮ .اﻟﺒﺮ ﻋﺎﺟﻠﮫ ﻛﺎﺗﺐ َ ِ What are you waiting for? There is no time like the present to propose to her./ We should hasten to do good things and start building the hospital./His friend urged him to strike the iron while it is hot and to accept the invitation to be the president’s speechwriter. ﺿﺎرٍة ﻧﺎﻓِ َﻌﺔ ب ﱠ ُر ﱠ A blessing in disguise; every cloud has a silver lining; sweet are the uses of adversity. ُ ّ اﻟﺤﺎدث اﻟﺬي ّ ّ ﻟﻘﺪ/ .ﯾﻜﺘﺐ ﻓﯿﮫ رواﯾﺔً ﻋﻈﯿﻤﺔ ﺗﻌﺮض ﻟﮫ وﻗﺘًﺎ ﻛﻲ رب ُ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻣﻨﺤﮫ،ﺿﺎرة ﻧﺎﻓﻌﺔ َ ّ ّ ّ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻌﺎون رب ،ﯾﻮاﺟﮭﻮن ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔً ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻓﺮﯾﻖ ﻛﺎﻧﻮا َ ّ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﻌﻠّﻤﻮا اﻟﺘ،ﺿﺎرة ﻧﺎﻓﻌﺔ َ 235 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases ّ ّ / .اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺿﺎرة ﻧﺎﻓﻌﺔ ﻓﻌﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﺮك ﻋﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﺈﻧﻚ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﺪ ﺗﺨﻠّﺼﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺪﯾﺮك رب واﻟﻌﻤﻞ ّ .اﻟﻤﺰﻋﺞ His accident was a blessing in disguise because it gave him time to write a great novel./It was diffcult for them to work in a team; however, it became a blessing in disguise, as they learnt about cooperation and teamwork./Every cloud has a silver lining; when you leave your job, you also get rid of your annoying manager. ُزْر َﻏﺒًّﺎ ﺗَْﺰَدْد ُﺣﺒًّﺎ Friendship increases by visiting friends, but by visiting them seldom; a constant guest is never welcome; absence makes the heart grow fonder; distance keeps loved ones closer; a hedge between keeps friendship green. ّ إن ﻛﺜﺮة ّ إذ،زر ﻏﺒًّﺎ ﺗﺰدد ُﺣﺒًّﺎ َ ﻛﻨﺖ ﻟﻘﺪ/ .اﻟﻤﻌﺎرف ﺗﺆدي إﻟﻰ ﻗﻠّ ِﺔ اﻻﺣﺘﺮام ﯾﺎرات إﻟﻰ اﻟﺰ ِ ِ َ ّ وﻟﮭﺬا،ﺗُﺮﺳﻞ رﺳﺎﺋﻞ إﻟﯿﮭﺎ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻼزم أﻟﻢ ﺗﺴﻤﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺜﻞ،ﺧﺴﺮت اھﺘﻤﺎﻣﮭﺎ ﺑﻚ اﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﻟﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﻌﺪم اﻟﺘّﺮﺣﯿﺐ وﻗﺪ اﻧﺘﮭﻰ ﺑﮭﺎ اﻟﻤﻄﺎف،أطﺎﻟﺖ اﻹﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻘﺪ/ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻞ زر ﻏﺒًّﺎ ﺗﺰدد ﺣﺒًّﺎ؟ َ ِ ﺑﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗِﺒﻞ . وﺻﺪق ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎل زر ﻏﺒًّﺎ ﺗﺰدد ﺣﺒًّﺎ،ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﺷﻘﯿﻘﺘﮭﺎ ِ The frequent visits to acquaintances lead to less respect; after all, absence makes the heart grow fonder./You lost her interest in you because you were sending her messages too often. Do you not know that distance keeps loved ones closer to you?/She stayed too long with her sister and ended up feeling unwelcome by her sister’s family. It is true what is said, that a constant guest is never welcome. اﻟﻌَﺬَل ُ اﻟﺴْﯿ َ َﺳﺒ ﻖ ﱠ َ ﻒ َ What is done is done and cannot be undone; it is too late; the die is cast; there is no point crying over spilled milk. ّ ﻧﻔﺴﺎ ﻓﻲ ّ ﻓﻘﺎل ”ﺳﺒﻖ،اﻟﺸﮭﺮ اﻟﺤﺮام اﻟﺴﯿﻒ ُ ُ ﻓﻼﻣﮫ،اﺑﻨﮫ ُ ﻗَﺘﻞ ً اﻟﻨﺎس ﻷﻧّﮫ ﻗﺘﻞ ِ ﺿﺒّﺔُ ﺑﻦ أد ﻗﺎﺗﻞ ّ أي،“اﻟﻌﺬل ﻧﻈﺮا ﻷﻧﺸﻄﺘﮭﺎ اﻻﺣﺘﯿﺎﻟﯿّﺔ ﻓﻘﺪ ً / .أن ﻣﺎ ﺣﺼﻞ ﻗﺪ ﺣﺼﻞ وﻻ ﻓﺎﺋﺪةَ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻠّﻮم اﻵن ُ ّﺗﻢ اﺗ ّ ﺑﺘﺼﻔﯿﺔ ّ وﻗﺪ ﺳﺒﻖ،اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ .اﻟﺴﯿﻒ اﻟﻌﺬل ﻗﺮار ﻻ رﺟﻌﺔَ ﻓﯿﮫ ﺨﺎذ ّ ِ ٍ People blamed Dubba ibn Edd for avenging his son’s murder during the sacred month. He replied, “The sword preceded blaming”, i.e. what is done 236 اﻷﻣﺜﺎل is done, and there is no point in blame now./Due to its fraudulent activities, a decision has been made to liquidate the company, and it is too late to reverse the decision. ﻀِﺤُﻚ َ ْ ُﺷﱡﺮ اﻟﺒَﻠِﯿﱠ ِﺔ ﻣﺎ ﯾ So tragic it is hilarious; tragicomic; one does not know whether to laugh or cry; worst calamity makes one laugh; the worst hardships are those which bring laughter; misery is ironic; dramatic situations have their own humour. ّ ُ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻓﻲ ﺣﯿﺎﺗﮭﻢ اﻷوﺿﺎع اﻟﺒﺎﺋﺴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾُﻮاﺟﮭﮭﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﮭﺪف اﻟﻤﻀﺤﻜﺔ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻜﺎت إن ُ َ َ ِ ّ / .وﺷﺮ اﻟﺒﻠﯿِّﺔ ﻣﺎ ﯾُﻀﺤﻚ ّ ،اﻟﯿﻮﻣﯿّﺔ ﺣﻤﯿﺔ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﺾ اﻟﻨّﺸﻮﯾّﺎت ﺗﻮﻓّﻲ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺻﻤﻢ إن ٍ َ ّ اﻟﻄﺒﯿﺐ اﻟﺬي َ ّ / .ﺷﺮ اﻟﺒﻠﯿ ِّﺔ ﻣﺎ ﯾُﻀﺤﻚ ّ إن ّ إن،ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻤﻨﺔ ّ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻷﻣﺮاض اﻟﻤﺘّﺼﻠﺔ إذ،ﺷﺮ اﻟﺒﻠﯿ ِّﺔ ﻣﺎ ﯾُﻀﺤﻚ ﺑﺰﯾﺎدة ﯾﻄﺎﻟﺒﻮن ﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﻘﻄﺎع اﻟﻌﺎم ﻣﻀﺮﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻨﻮاب ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻮت ُ َ ّ ّ زﯾﺎدة رواﺗﺒﮭﻢ ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن ِ ِ .أﺟﻮرھﻢ Many funny jokes target miserable situations that people face every day; some of the worst calamities bring laughter./The physician who came up with a low-carb diet died from obesity-related diseases; after all, worst calamity makes one laugh./The members of parliament voted to increase their pay while the public workers were on strike demanding higher wages; the worst hardships are those which bring laughter, so tragic it is hilarious. َﻌﺎوﯾَﺔ َ ِ ﺷْﻌَﺮةُ ُﻣ To maintain an open line with others; not to sever ties with others; to keep connections alive (uncut) with others; diplomatic solutions. ّ ”وﻟﻮ:اﻷﻣﻮي اﻷول ﻣﻌﺎوﯾﺔ ﺑﻦ أﺑﻲ ﺳﻔﯿﺎن ّ إن ﺑﯿﻨﻲ وﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻨّﺎس ﺷﻌﺮةً ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎل اﻟﺨﻠﯿﻔﺔ ّ ّ ْ ُ ،اﻧﻘﻄﻌﺖ ّ ﻛﻨﺖ إذا ّ ّإﻻ،اﻻﺳﺘﻔﺰازات اﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﯾّﺔ أن رﻏﻢ/ “.ﻣﺪوھﺎ ﺧﻠﯿﺘﮭﺎ وإن ﺧﻠﻮھﺎ ﻣﺪدﺗُﮭﺎ ِ ھﺎﻣﺶ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺪى اﻟﺒﻠﺪﯾﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ وﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻘﯿﻘﺔ ﻓﻘﺪ اﻟﺘﻘﻰ زﻋﯿﻤﺎ،ﺷﻌﺮةَ ﻣﻌﺎوﯾﺔ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻨﻘﻄﻊ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﯾﻦ ِ ِ ُ ّ ﺣﻠﻒ اﻟﻨّﺎﺗﻮ أﺣﺪ ﺷﻌﺮة ﻣﻌﺎوﯾﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻹﺑﻘﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﯿﻜﻮن / .اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻓﻲ اﻷﺳﺒﻮع اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ُ ِ ِ ّأﺻﻌﺐ اﻟﺘ ّ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬي ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻌﺮة ﻣﻌﺎوﯾﺔ ﯾُﺒﻘﻲ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﺮ/ .رﺋﯿﺲ اﻟﻮزراء ﺤﺪﯾﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾُﻮاﺟﮭﮭﺎ ُ ِ ّ ﺑﯿﻨﮫ وﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺠﻠﺲ اﻹدارة .ﺗﻮﺗﺮات ﻗﺪ ﺗﻨﺸﺄ أﯾﺔ ٍ ِ ﻟﻠﺤﺪ ﻣﻦ “And even if there be one hair connecting me to people, I do not let it cut. If they pull it, I let it loose, and when they loosen it, I pull.” Muawiyah ibn 237 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases abi Sufyan, the frst Omayyad Caliph./Despite the recent military provocations, the ties were not severed between the two countries. In fact, the leaders of the two countries met on the sidelines of the Economic Forum last week./To maintain the fragile relationship with NATO will be one of the toughest challenges for the new prime minister./The CEO maintains an open line with the board of directors to reduce any conficts that can occur. ج ﱠ ُ اﻟﺼْﺒُﺮ ِﻣْﻔ ِ ﺘﺎح اﻟﻔَ َﺮ Patience is the key to relief, comfort, happy ending, success, or happiness; good things come to those who wait. ّ ﺑﻮﻗﺖ ﻋﺼﯿﺐ ﻟﻜﻦ ّ ﺗﺬﻛﺮي ّ أن ّ أﻋﻠﻢ أﻧّ ِﻚ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﺤﯿﺮة ﺒﺮ ھﻮ ﻣﻔﺘﺎح اﻟﻔﺮج ﻓﻲ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ٍ َ اﻟﺼ ِ ُ ّ ﺳﺘﺤﺘﺎج إﻟﻰ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ / .واﻟﺼﺒﺮ ﻣﻔﺘﺎح اﻟﻔﺮج ﻋﺒﺪه ﻻ ﯾﺘﺄﺧﺮ ﻋﻦa ﺗﺤﻠّﻮا ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺒﺮ ﻓﺎ/ .ھﺬه ُ ِ ّ ّ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎم ﺻﻌﺐ ﺗﺘﻘﻦ ﺣﺮﻓﺔ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻔﺨﺎر اﻟﺼﺒﺮ َ واﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻛﻲ ِ ٍ ﺑﻌﺪ/ .ﻓﺎﻟﺼﺒﺮ ﻣﻔﺘﺎح اﻟﻔﺮج ّ ﺗﺴﻌﻰ ّ ّ وﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﺟﮫ ھﻮ ّ اﻟﺴﻮق ّ ﺣﺼٍﺔ أﻛﺒﺮ ﻓﻲ ّ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺎﻟﺼﺒﺮ ،اﻟﺼﺒﺮ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔُ إﻟﻰ ِ .ﻣﻔﺘﺎح اﻟﻔﺮج I know you are going through a bad time, but remember that patience is the key in this hour of uncertainty./Just hang in there, God is never late, and good things come to those who wait./You need a lot of patience and time to master pottery, after all patience is the key to success./After a diffcult year, the company has aspirations to gain a larger market share; what is needed is patience, and patience is the key to relief. ﯿﻖ ُ اﻟﺼ ﺪﯾﻖ ِﻋْﻨَﺪ ﱢ ﱠ ِ اﻟﻀ That’s what friends are for; a friend in need is a friend indeed. ُ ﻟﻘﺪ أﺳﺮع/ . إﻧﮭﺎ ﺣﻘًﺎ ﺻﺪﯾﻘﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻀﯿﻖ،أﺻﺪﻗﺎءھﺎ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻤﺤﻦ ﺗﺴﺎﻧﺪ داﺋﻤﺎ ً ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ َ ّ ،ﻟﺼﺪﯾﻘﮫ اﻟﺬي ُﺟﺮح ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎدث ّ إن ّ .اﻟﺼﺪﯾﻖ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻀﯿﻖ ﺑﺪﻣﮫ ﻟﻠﺘﺒﺮع ِ ِ She was always ready to stand by her friends through tough times, a true friend indeed./He rushed to donate blood to help his friend who had been injured in the accident; a friend in need is a friend indeed. 238 اﻷﻣﺜﺎل ﱡ ﺷﻜﺎﻟِﮭﺎ ﺗَﻘَ ُﻊ ْ َﯿﻮر ﻋﻠﻰ أ ُ اﻟﻄ Birds of a feather fock together. ّ ﺎﻧﯿﯿﻦ اﻟﺒﻮھﯿﻤﯿﯿﻦ إﻟﻰ / . ﻓﺎﻟﻄّﯿﻮر ﻋﻠﻰ أﺷﻜﺎﻟﮭﺎ ﺗﻘﻊ،اﻟﺤﻲ اﻟﺴﻜﻦ ﻓﻲ ھﺬا ﯾﻤﯿﻞ ُ ُ َ ّاﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻨ ّ ً ّ ﺣﻘّﺎ،ﯾﻠﺘﻘﻮن ﻓﻲ ھﺬا اﻟﻤﻘﮭﻰ ّ أن ﺳﺎﺋﻘﻲ ّ ﻻﺣﻈﺖ َ إن اﻟﻄّﯿﻮر ﻋﻠﻰ أﺷﻜﺎﻟﮭﺎ اﻟﺪّراﺟﺎت اﻟﻨّﺎرﯾّﺔ ھﻞ َ .ﺗﻘﻊ Many artists with a bohemian lifestyle tend to live in this neighbourhood; birds of a feather fock together./Have you noticed that motorcyclists meet at that coffee shop; it is true that birds of a feather fock together. ﻋﺎد ﺑِ ُﺨﻔﱠﻲ ُﺣﻨَ ْﯿﻦ َ To return empty-handed; to have gained nothing. ُ ّﺎدون ّ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻋﺎد اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺨﺐ ﻋﺎد/ .أرﻧﺐ ﺻﻐﯿﺮ اﺻﻄﯿﺎد وﻟﻢ ﯾﺘﻤﻜﻨﻮا ﺣﺘﻰ ﻣﻦ،ﺑﺨﻔّﻲ ُﺣﻨﯿﻦ ُ َ اﻟﺼﯿ ٍ ِ ُ ﺑﻠﺪه ّ إﻟﻐﺎء ّ ورة ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺈﺟﺮاء اﻟﻮزﯾﺮ وﻗﺪ ﺗﻌﮭّﺪ/ .اﻟﺮﯾﺎﺿﯿّﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ُ َ ﺑﺨﻔّﻲ ُﺣﻨﯿﻦ ٍ ِ ِ ِ اﻟﺪ ِ إﻟﻰ ُ اﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﯿّﺔ وﻟﻜﻨّﮫ ﻋﺎد .ﺑﺨﻔّﻲ ُﺣﻨﯿﻦ The hunters returned empty-handed; they could not hunt even the smallest of rabbits./Following the cancellation of the tournament, the national team returned home empty-handed./The minister vowed to make changes to the agreement but came back empty-handed. ﺳﻠَﻒ َ َﻋﻔﺎ ﷲُ َﻋّﻤﺎ Let bygones be bygones; forgive and forget; let us bury the hatchet; water under the bridge. ُ اﻟﺪوﻟﺘﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ واﺗﻔﻘﺖ / . وﻋﻔﺎ ﷲ ﻋﻤﺎ ﺳﻠﻒ،وﻧﻌﻮد أﺻﺪﻗﺎء ﻣﺮةً أﺧﺮى دﻋﻨﺎ ﻧﻨﺴﻰ ﺧﻼﻓﺎﺗِﻨﺎ ِ ِ ّ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ .ﻋﻤﺎ ﺳﻠﻒ ﺣﻞ ﻛﺎﻓّ ِﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻤﺎ ﱢ ّ اﻟﺴﻠﻤﯿّﺔ وﻋﻔﺎ ﷲ ِ Let bygones be bygones, and let us forget about our disagreements and be friends again./The two states have agreed to settle all the disputes by peaceful means, to forget the past and start out a new. 239 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases ﺴﮭﺎ َﺟﻨَ ْﺖ ﺑَﺮاﻗِﺶ ِ ﻧَ ْﻔ/ ﻋﻠﻰ أَ ْھﻠِﮭﺎ To have only one’s self to blame; to dig one’s own grave; to bring something bad on oneself; to ask for trouble; to be one’s own fault; it serves one right. ﻻ ﯾﺴﻌﻨﻲ ّإﻻ أن أﻗﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ أھﻠﮭﺎ ﺟﻨﺖ،ﺳﮫ ھﻮ إﺳﺎءة إدارة أﻣﻮاﻟِﮫ ﻛﺎن ُ ِ ﺳﺒﺐ إﻓﻼ وﻗﺘﻠﻮھﻢ،ﻟﻜﻠﺒﺔ ﺑﺮاﻗﺶ ﻓﻌﺮﻓﻮا ﻣﻜﺎَن اﺧﺘﺒﺎء أﺻﺤﺎﺑﮭﺎ ُ ﺳﻤﻊ اﻷﻋ/ .ﺑﺮاﻗﺶ ِ ﺪاء ﻧﺒﺎَح ا ّ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻣﺰاﺟﮫ ا ﻓﻘﺪ ﺧﺴﺮ،ﻟﺴﻲء / . وﻋﻠﻰ أھﻠﮭﺎ ﺟﻨﺖ ﺑﺮاﻗﺶ،ﺟﻤﯿﻌﺎ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﯿﮭﻢ اﻟﻜﻠﺒﺔ ً ِ .ﻟﻤﻄﻌﻢ زﺑﺎﺋﻨَﮫُ وﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﮭﺎ ﺟﻨﺖ ﺑﺮاﻗﺶ ﺣﺐ ا ُ ﺻﺎ ِ His bankruptcy was caused by mismanagement of his money. I can only say that he brought this on himself./The enemies heard “Baraaqish” the dog barking and discovered the whereabouts of her owners, so they killed them all, including the dog; she brought it on her owners./Because of his bad temper, the restaurant owner has only himself to blame for losing his customers. ﺑﺎﻟﺴﱢﻦ واﻟﺴﱡﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻌْﯿِﻦ ﱢ ﱢ َ اﻟﻌْﯿُﻦ َ An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth. ُ ” ﻗﺘﻞ أﺑﺎه وﻗﺎل ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻦ“ ﻗﺒﻞ أن ﯾ ﱢ ّ ّ ّ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻋﯿﻨَﻲ ُﺴﺪد ﻟﮫ واﻟﺴّﻦ اﻟﻌﯿﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﯿﻦ َ ﺟﻞ اﻟﺬي َ ِ اﻟﺮ ًطﻌﻨﺔ ّﻣﻮﺟﮭًﺎ ﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘ ّ ﯾ/ .ﺑﺨﻨﺠﺮه ّ واﻟﺴّﻦ ّ واﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت ﺸﺮﯾﻌﺎت ُﻌﺪ ﻣﺒﺪأ اﻟﻌﯿﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﯿﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻦ ﱢ ِ ِ ِ ّ ّ واﻟﺴ ّﻦ ”اﻟﻌﯿﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﯿﻦ:وﺻﺎح ﻣﺘﻮ ِ ّﻋ ًﺪا أﺧﯿﮫ اﻟﻤﻘﺘﻮل ﺟﺜﺔ / .ﺎﺋﺪة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ َ َ ِ ِ ﺮب ِ ُوﻗﻒ ﺑﻘ ِ اﻟﺴ ّ “.ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻦ He looked into the eyes of the man who killed his father and said: “An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth”, before stabbing him with his dagger./The “an eye for an eye” principle is the guideline for many of the prevailing legislation and relationships in the world./He stood next to the body of his murdered brother and shouted: “an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth”, vowing to kill his brother’s killer. ﻛﺎن َ ﻓﻲ َﺧﺒَ ِﺮ To become a thing of the past; to be no more; to be relegated to history; to belong to the past. 240 اﻷﻣﺜﺎل ً اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﻲ ّ أﺣﺪ ﻟﻜﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ”ﻟﻮﻻ اﻟﺠﯿﺶ:ﻗﺎﺋﻼ اﻟﻀﺒّﺎط اِﻣﺘﻌﺎﺿﮫ ﻣﻦ اﻷداء ّ ِ ِ ﻧُﻘِﻞ ﻋﻦ ّ ﻣﺞ اﻟﺘّﻄﻌﯿﻢ / .ﺿﺪ ﺷﻠﻞ اﻷطﻔﺎل أﺻﺒﺢ ھﺬا اﻟﻤﺮض ﻓﻲ ﺧﺒﺮ ﻛﺎن ُ ﻣﻨﺬ أن ﺑﺪأ ﺑﺮﻧﺎ/ “.ﺧﺒﺮ ﻛﺎن ﺳﺘﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺜﺔ أن ﺗﺠﻌﻞ اﻟﻨّﻘﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺧﺒﺮ ﻛﺎن؟ ھﻞ ُ One general expressed his resentment of the government’s performance by saying that, had not been for the army, the government would have been no more./Since the polio vaccination programme was started, this disease is almost relegated to history./Can the new technology make cash a thing of the past? ﻌﯿﺮ ّ َاﻟﻘ َ َﺸﺔُ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻗ ِ َﺼَﻤْﺖ ظَْﮭَﺮ اﻟﺒ The fnal/last straw; the straw that broke the camel’s back. ً اﻟﻠﯿﻠﺔ ُ ﻣﺨﻤﻮرا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺛﻤﻼ وﻟﻜﻨّﮫ ﺣﯿﻦ ﻋﺎد ﻓﻲ ﺗﻠﻚ،دوﻣﺎ ﯾﻌﻮد إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺰل ﻛﺎن زوﺟﮭﺎ ً ً ِ ً ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮا اﻟﺤﺎﻛﻢ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔً ﻣﻦ ﺑﺪأ/ . اﻟﺘﻲ ّأدت إﻟﻰ طﻼﻗِﮭﻤﺎ،ظﮭﺮ اﻟﺒﻌﯿﺮ ﺗﻠﻚ ھﻲ اﻟﻘﺸﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺼﻤﺖ َ ُ ُ ﺑﻤﺜﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﯿﺎ ﻀﺎة ﻓﻲ ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻖ وﻗﺪ ﻛﺎن،اﺳﺘﻘﻼﻟﯿﺔ اﻟﻘﻀﺎء ﻟﺘﻘﻮﯾﺾ اﻟﺠﮭﻮد ِ ِ ِ ُﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻘ ِ ِ ِ ّ .ظﮭﺮ اﻟﺒﻌﯿﺮ اﻟﻘﺸﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺼﻤﺖ َ Her husband has consistently come back home very late, but when he came back that night completely intoxicated, that was the straw that broke the camel’s back, and consequently, they were divorced./The ruler has initiated a series of efforts to undermine the independence of the judiciary; the suspension of the high court judges has been the fnal straw that broke the camel’s back. ﻀُﺢ َ ﻓﯿﮫ ﯾَ ْﻨ ٍ ُﻛﱡﻞ ِ إﻧﺎء ﺑِﻤﺎ What is bred in the bone will come out in the fesh; the mouth speaks what the heart is full of; vessels leak what they hold. ُ ُ ّ ،ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﻟﮫ رﺳﺎﻟﺔً ﻟﻄﯿﻔﺔ ّ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ،ﺑﻜﻠﻤﺎت ﺑﺬﯾﺌﺔ إﻧﺎء ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﯿﮫ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺘﺮة ﻛﻨﺖ ﻗﺪ ٍ ﻛﻞ ٍ ّ ﻓﺮد ّ ﯾﻤﺎرس اﻟﺘّﻤﯿﯿﺰ ّ اﻟﻮاﺿﺢ ّ / .ﯾﻨﻀﺢ ﺿﺪ اﻟﻤﻮظﻔﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﺮ أن وﻣﻦ،إﻧﺎء ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﯿﮫ ﯾﻨﻀﺢ ُ ٍ ﻛﻞ َ ِ ّ .اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ذوي اﻻﺣﺘﯿﺎﺟﺎت I had written a nice letter to him, but he later replied to me with bad words. Actually, vessels leak what they hold./It may be that what is bred in the bone will come out in the fesh, and it is obvious that the director is practising prejudice against disabled employees. 241 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases ﺪﯾﻦ ﺗُﺪان ُ َُﻛﻤﺎ ﺗ As you sow, so shall you reap; what goes around comes around; karma; evil be to him who evil thinks; the biter gets bit. وﺣﯿﻦ ﻛﺒُﺮت ھﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻤﺮ ووھﻦ،ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﻓﻲ آﺧﺮ ﺳﻨﻮاﺗﮭﺎ ﺑﻘﺴﻮة أﻣﮭﺎ اﻟﻌﺎﺟﺰة ٍ ٍ ّ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﺖ ﺳﺎرة ُ ّ ُاﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﯾ ﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻛﺎن/ . وﻛﻤﺎ ﺗُﺪﯾﻦ ﺗﺪان،ﺑﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﻘﺴﻮة أوﻻدھﺎ اﻟﻌﻈﻢ ﻣﻨﮭﺎ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﮭﺎ ُ ُ ِ ِ ُ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲء ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨّﮭﺎﯾﺔ وﻟﻢ ّ ّ وﻟﻜﻨّﮫ ﺧﺴﺮ،ﺪاع واﻟﺠﺸﻊ ھﻤﺎ وﺳﯿﻠﺘﺎ اﻟﻨّﺠﺎح ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘّﺠﺎرة ﯾﻜﻦ َ اﻟﺨ ِ أن ٌ ھﻨﺎك . ﺣﻘًّﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗُﺪﯾﻦ ﺗﺪان،أﺣﺪ ﯾُﺴﺎﻋﺪه Sarah treated her helpless mother with extreme cruelty in her mother’s later years, and when Sarah herself grew old and became frail, her children treated her with the same cruelty; what goes around comes around./The business owner always insisted that dishonesty and greed were the means for success; in the end, he lost everything, and nobody was ready to help him; indeed, as you sow, so shall you reap. ﺎر ْ ﻛﺎﻟﻤ َﺠﯿﺮ ِﻣَﻦ ﱠ ِ اﻟﺮْﻣ ِ ّﻀﺎء ﺑﺎﻟﻨ ِ ﺴﺘ ُ To jump out of the frying pan into the fre. ّ ﻮﻋﮭﺎ إﻟﻰ زوﺟﮭﺎ ا / .ﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ھﺮﺑًﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺘﮭﺎ اﻟﻤﺘﺰّﻣﺘﺔ ِ ﻟﻤﺴﺘﺠﯿﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﻀﺎء ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎر ﺑﺮﺟ ُ إﻧّﮭﺎ ﻛﺎ ّ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺘّﺼﻮﯾﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺲ ﻛﺎﻟﻤﺴﺘﺠﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ ﱠ اﻟﺮﻣﻀﺎء اﻟﺸﻌﺒﻮي اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪ ﻓﺈن اﻟﺒﻼد ﺗﺒﺪو ِ .ﺑﺎﻟﻨّﺎر Going back to her ex-husband to escape her controlling family is like jumping out of the pan into the fre./By voting for the new populist president, the country appears to be moving out of the frying pan, into the fre. ﻻ ﻧﺎﻗَﺔَ ﻟَﮫُ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ وﻻ َﺟَﻤﻞ To have nothing to do with something; I have no horse in this race. ُ ّ ﻣﺴﺘﺎء ﻣﻦ أﺷﺘﺮ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ وﻟﻢ،ﻋﺎﺋﺪات اﻷرﺑﺎح ﺳﺘﻨﺨﻔﺾ إذ ﻻ ﻧﺎﻗﺔَ ﻟﻲ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ وﻻ ﺟﻤﻞ أن ﻟﺴﺖ ً ِ ِ ّ / .اﻟﺤﻲ ً ﺷﻐﻒ أﺑﻲ إن ﻻ ﻧﺎﻗﺔ ﻟﻨﺎ وﻻ ﺟﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺎ ﯾﺠﺮي ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ/ .واﺣﺪا ﻓﻲ ﺣﯿﺎﺗﻲ ﺳﮭﻤﺎ َ ّ ً ُ ّ ﻛﺜﯿﺮا ﻓﻲ ّ اﻷول ھﻮ ﻟﺴﺖ ﻣﻌﻨﯿًﺎ أﻧﺎ/ .اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺳﺔ إذ ﻻ ﻧﺎﻗﺔ ﻟﮫ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ وﻻ ﺟﻤﻞ ً ﯾﮭﺘﻢ ّ وھﻮ ﻻ،اﻟﺮﯾﺎﺿﺔ ّ .اﻟﻌﯿﺶ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷرض وﻻ ﻧﺎﻗﺔ ﻟﻲ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ وﻻ ﺟﻤﻞ ﺳﺄﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﻓﻲ إذ أﻧّﻨﻲ،ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء ُ ِ 242 اﻷﻣﺜﺎل I am not upset that the dividend yield will go down, as I have no horse in this race; I have never bought a single stock in my life./We have nothing to do with what is happening in that neighbourhood./My father’s passion is sports, and he never troubles himself about politics; he has no horse in the race./I am not interested in space travel; I will continue to live on Earth, and I have no horse in this race. ﺳَﻌﮭﺎ ُ ﻻ ﯾُ َﻜﻠﱢ ْ ﺴﺎ ّإﻻ ُو ً ﻒ ﷲُ ﻧَ ْﻔ God does not burden any soul more than it can bear; not take upon oneself more than one can bear or handle; to match duty, responsibility, or task with ability; there is not more that can be done. ّ ،إن أﺳﻠﻮﺑﻚ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺳﯿﻘﺘﻠﻚ ّ ﺗﺬﻛﺮ ّ ﻌﺐ إﻧّﻚ/ .ﺳﻌﮭﺎ ُ ً أن ﷲ ﻻ ﯾﻜﻠّﻒ َ ﻧﻔﺴﺎ ّإﻻ ُو ِ ّﺗﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺘ ّ ّ اﻟﺮﯾﺎﺿﺔ ّ ،اﻟﺤﺪ ّ ّ ﻣﻤﺎرﺳﺔ ﻧﻔﺴﺎ اﻟﺰاﺋﺪة ﻋﻦ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺸﺪﯾﺪ ً ﻗﻮﺗﻚ ﻟﮭﺎ ﺣﺪودھﺎ وﻻ ﯾﻜﻠّﻒ ﷲ ّ إن ِ ِ َ ﻧﻔﺴﺎ ّإﻻ ﻟﻘﺪ/ .ّإﻻ ُوﺳﻌﮭﺎ ً ﻻ ﯾﻜﻠّﻒa وﻻ ﯾُﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﺰﯾﺪ ﻓﺎ،ﻣﻨﺤﺖ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺘَﻚ وﻗﺘﻚ وﻣﺎﻟﻚ ّ / .ُوﺳﻌﮭﺎ إن اﻟﻤﯿﺰاﻧﯿّﺔ ﻻ ﺗﻜﻔﻲ ﱢ ّ ﻟﺴﺪ وﻻ ﯾﻜﻠّﻒ ﷲ،اﻻﺣﺘﯿﺎﺟﺎت اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯿّﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻠﺪ ھﺬا اﻟﻌﺎم ﻛﻞ ِ .ﻧﻔﺴﺎ ّإﻻ ُوﺳﻌﮭﺎ ً The way you work will kill you; you should remember that God does not burden any soul more than it can bear./You are feeling exhausted and drained from too much exercise; your strength has its limits, and you should not take upon yourself more than you can bear./You have given your family your time and money, and you cannot do more. God does not burden any soul more than it can bear./The budget is not enough to meet all the basic needs of the country for this year, and there is not more that can be done. ُ ﻻ ﯾُ ْﻠَﺪ اﻟﻤْﺆِﻣُﻦ ِﻣْﻦ ُﺟْﺤٍﺮ َﻣﱠﺮﺗَْﯿِﻦ ُ غ A believer is not stung twice by something out of the same burrow; a fox is not caught twice in the same snare; once bitten, twice shy; so a fool returns to his folly; do not make the same mistake twice. ُ ُ ﻓﺎﻟﻤﺆﻣﻦ ،أزﻣﺔ ُﻣﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔ ﻟﻤﻮاﺟﮭﺔ أﯾّﺔ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ أﺧﻄﺎء اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺗﻌﻠّﻤﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ٍ ِ ِ ً وﻧﺤﻦ اﻵن ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺪون ّ ﺟﺤﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻟﻦ، ﺑﻌﺪﻣﺎ ُﺳﺮﻗﺖ ِﻣﺤﻔﻈﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺐ/ .ﻣﺮﺗﯿﻦ ﻻ ﯾُﻠﺪغ ﻣﻦ َ أﺗﺮك ﺣﻘﯿﺒﺘﻲ ھﻨﺎك َ ٍ ُ ّ ﺟﺤﺮ .ﻣﺮﺗﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺆﻣﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻼ ﯾُﻠﺪغ،اﻵن ٍ 243 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases We have learnt from the mistakes we made in the past and, by this time, we are well prepared to face a similar crisis; a fox is not caught twice in the same snare./I will not leave my bag in the offce again since my purse was stolen there. Truly said, once bitten, twice shy. ﻮاد َﻛْﺒَﻮة َوﻟُِﻜﱢﻞ ﻋﺎﻟِ ٍﻢ َھْﻔَﻮة ٍ ﻟِ ُﻜﱢﻞ َﺟ Nobody is perfect; every excellent horse stumbles and every scholar errs; even Homer sometimes nods. ً ،اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺴﻞ ُ ّ ﻗﺎﺋﻼ ﺮﺿﻲ اﻟﻤ اﻟﻜﻮﻣﯿﺪي ﻟﺠﻤﮭﻮره اﻟﻔﻨﺎن اﻋﺘﺬر َ ّ ِ ِ ُ ﻷداﺋﮫ ﻓﻲ ُ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ﻏﯿﺮ ّ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﮫ ُ ﻻﻋﺐ َ / “.ﺟﻮاد ﻛﺒﻮة ّ ” :اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺨﺼﻲ ﺑﻤﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﺘّﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺸ اﻟﻜﺮة ﻋﺒﺮ وﻛﺘﺐ ﻟﻜﻞ ُ ٍ ّ ّ ِ ّ ّ ” “. واﻟﮭﺰﯾﻤﺔُ ﻟﯿﺴﺖ ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔَ اﻟﻤﻄﺎف،ﻋﺎﻟﻢ ھﻔﻮة ﺟﻮاد ﻛﺒﻮة ﻟﻜﻞ ٍ ٍ وﻟﻜﻞ The comedian apologised to his fans for the unsatisfactory level of his performance, saying nobody is perfect./The footballer wrote on his social media account: “Nobody is perfect, and losing is not the end.” ﻣﺎ َﺣﱠﻚ ِﺟْﻠَﺪَك ِﻣْﺜُﻞ ِظْﻔِﺮَك No one can scratch your itch as well as yourself can; nobody can help you but yourself; if you want a thing well done, do it yourself; not to depend on anyone but one’s self; paddle your own canoe. ّ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻵن وﻓﻲ اﻟﻨّﮭﺎﯾﺔ ﻣﺎ ّ ك ﻣﺜﻞ َ ﺣﻚ ﺟﻠﺪ َ إن واﻟﺪﯾﻚ ﻟﻦ ﯾﻜﻮﻧﺎ ﻗﺎدرﯾِﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻھﺘﻤِﺎم ﺑﺄطﻔﺎﻟﻚ ّ ﻟﺤﮫُ اﻟﻮطﻨﯿّﺔ ﻻ ُ ﺑﺪ أن ﯾﻘﻠّ َﻞ ا ت اّﻟﺪوﻟﯿّﺔ وﯾﺒﻨﻲ َ ﻛﻲ ﯾﺤﻤﻲ ﻣﺼﺎ/ .ظﻔﺮك ِ ﻟﺒﻠﺪ اﻋﺘﻤﺎَده ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪا ّ ﻓﻤﺎ،ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺣﺪ ّ وﻣﺎ،ﻗﻮﺗَﮫ اﻟﺬاﺗﯿّﺔ .ك ﻣﺜﻞ ظﻔﺮك ﺎك أن َ ﺣﻚ ﺟﻠﺪ َ َ إﯾ/ .ك ﻣﺜﻞ ظﻔﺮك َ ﺣﻚ ﺟﻠﺪ ّ Your parents will not be able to care for your children anymore and, in the end, nobody can help you except yourself./To protect its national interest, the country needs to minimise its reliance on international aid and build up its own strength, as nobody can help you but yourself./Never depend on anyone but yourself; if you want a thing well done, do it yourself. ﺐ ﻗَ ْﻮٍم ِﻋْﻨَﺪ ﻗَ ْﻮٍم ﻓَﻮاﺋِ ُﺪ ُ َِﻣﺼﺎﺋ One man’s loss is another man’s gain; one man’s misfortune is another man’s opportunity. 244 اﻷﻣﺜﺎل ّ اﻷزﻣﺔ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﯾّﺔ ﺗﻤﻜﻦ آﺧﺮون ﻣﻦ اﺳﺘﻐﻼﻟﮭﺎ ﻟﺠﻨﻲ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮون أﻋﻤﺎﻟَﮭﻢ ﻓﻘﺪ َ َ ﻓﻲ ﺣﯿﻦ ِ ِ ّ ﺣﻘًﺎ،أﻣﻮال طﺎﺋﻠﺔ ُ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ وﺣﺼﺪه اﻟﻮﺑﺎء وﻣﻊ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر/ .ﻓﻮاﺋﺪ ﻗﻮم إن َ َ ِ ِ ٍ ﻗﻮم ﻋﻨﺪ ٍ ﻣﺼﺎﺋﺐ ّﻣﺼﻨﻊ ﻟﻠﻨ ُاﻷرواح ارﺗﻔﻌﺖ وﺗﯿﺮة ّ ﺣﻘًﺎ،ﻌﻮش ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﻗﻮم ﻋﻨﺪ إن اﻹﻧﺘﺎج ﻓﻲ أﻛﺒﺮ َ ٍ ﻣﺼﺎﺋﺐ ِ ٍ ِ ُ .ﻓﻮاﺋﺪ ﻗﻮم ٍ While many lost their jobs and businesses due to the fnancial crisis, others have been able to use it to make a lot of money. Truly said, one man’s misfortune is another man’s opportunity./As the pandemic spread and claimed many lives, production rose in the largest coffn factory in the country; truly said, one man’s misfortune is another man’s opportunity. ﺧﺎك ﻻ ﺑَﻄَﻞ َ َُﻣْﻜَﺮهٌ أ To make a virtue of necessity. أﺧﺎك ﻻ اﻟﻤﻮظﻔﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﯿﺰاﻧﯿﺔ ﺗﺨﻔﯿﺾ أﺟﺒﺮ ﻟﻘﺪ ُ ُ َ َ َ ٌ وﻣﻜﺮه،ﺗﺸﺎرك اﻟﻤﻮارد ﻓﯿﻤﺎ ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻢ ِ ّ وﻟﺬا،ﻟﺤﻤﺎﯾﺔ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺤﮫ ُ ﯾﻤﻠﻚ ُ اﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻓﺈن ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺰه ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﯾّﺔ اﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﻻ/ .ﺑﻄﻞ َ ِ ِ .أﺧﺎك ﻻ ﺑﻄﻞ َ ٌاﻟﺪﺑﻠﻮﻣﺎﺳﯿّﺔ ھﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎب ﻣﻜﺮه Reducing the budget has forced staff to make a virtue of necessity and pay attention to resource sharing./The country does not have the military means to safeguard its interests; it has therefore made a virtue of necessity in focusing on diplomatic means. ﺷﺎب َﻋﻠَ ْﯿِﮫ ﺷْﻲٍء َ ﺐ َﻋﻠﻰ َ َﻣْﻦ ﺷ ﱠ َ Old habits die hard; child is father to the man. ﯾﻔﻌﻞ ذﻟﻚ ﻓﻲ ﱢ ّ ﯾﺮﺳﻢ دواﺋﺮ ﻣﺘﺪاﺧﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻘًﺎ،ﺳﻦ اﻟﺨﻤﺴﯿﻦ ﯾﺰال وﻻ،اﻟﺮﻣﺎل طﻔﻮﻟﺘﮫ ﻛﺎن ﻓﻲ ُ ُ ِ ُ ُ ّ ﻣﻦ ﱠ ،اﻟﺨﯿﺮي واﻟﺪھﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺣﯿﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺻﻐﯿﺮة ﻛﺎﻧﺖ/ .ﺷﻲء ﺷﺎب ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﺷﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ َ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ٍ ّ ﻣﻦ ﱠ،اﻟﺨﯿﺮي ﺷﺐ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻧﺎﺷﻄﺔً ﻓﻲ ِ واﻵن ھﻲ ﻓﻲ أواﺧﺮ اﻟﺴﺒﻌﯿﻨﺎت ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﺮھﺎ وﻣﺎ ﺗﺰال ِ ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺪرﺟﺎت ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺑﻌّﺪ ﯾﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ اﻟﺘﺨﻠّﻲ ﻋﻦ إﻧّﮫ ﻻ/ .ﺷﺎب ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﺷﻲء ﻋﻠﻰ ُ ٍ َ ﻋﺎدﺗﮫ اﻟﻘﺪﯾﻤﺔ َ ِ ِ ُ ّ ﻣﻦ،اﻟﺴﻼﻟﻢ ّ .ﺷﺎب ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﺷﻲء ﺷﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ٍ َ In his childhood, he used to draw overlapping circles in the sand, and he still does that in his 50s; truly said, child is father to the man./When she was little, she used to help her father with charity work, and now she is in her late 70s 245 The Idioms and Proverbial Phrases and still active in charity work. After all, old habits die hard./He cannot kick the old habit of counting steps when using stairways; old habits die hard. ﺷْﯿﺌًﺎ َوُھَﻮ َﺧْﯿٌﺮ ﻟَُﻜﻢ َ وﻋﺴﻰ أَ ْن ﺗَْﻜَﺮھﻮا َ Maybe it is for the best; adversity may be a blessing in disguise; It may well be that you dislike a thing while it is good for you, and it may well be that you like a thing while it is bad for you [Quran 2:216]. ّ وﻟﻜﻦ ﺗﺒﯿّﻦ أﻧّﮭﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ،رﺣﻠﺔ ﺷﮭﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ ﺗﺄﺟﯿﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﯿﻖ ﻻﺿﻄﺮارھﻤﺎ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﺮوﺳﺎن ﺷﻌﺮ ِ ِ ِ ّ ﻧﻌﻤﺔ ٌ وﻋﺴﻰ أن ﺗﻜﺮھﻮا ﺷﯿﺌًﺎ وھﻮ.ﻔﺴﺪ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﻤﺎ رﺣﻠﺘﮭﻤﺎ / .ﺧﯿﺮ ﻟﻜﻢ ِ ُﻷن اﻟﻌﺎﺻﻔﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺳﺘ ّ ّﻗﺒﻮل ﻓﻲ ﻛﻠﯿِّﺔ اﻟﻄ ٌ وﻋﺴﻰ أن ﺗﻜﺮھﻮا ﺷﯿﺌًﺎ وھﻮ،”ﻻ ﻋﻠﯿﻚ- “ﺐ “.ﺧﯿﺮ ﻟﻜﻢ “ﻟﻢ أﺣﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰٍ The couple felt bad because they had to postpone their honeymoon, but it turned out to be a blessing in disguise. Their holiday would have been spoiled by the storm./– “I did not get accepted into medical school” – “Never mind; maybe it is for the best, and maybe it is a blessing in disguise.” وﻗﺪ أَ ْﻋَﺬَر َﻣْﻦ أَ ْﻧَﺬَر Forewarned is forearmed. ّ ُإﻧّﻨﺎ ﻧ ﺳﯿﺘﻢ / .أﻋﺬر َﻣﻦ أﻧﺬر وﻗﺪ،ﺑﻌﺪ اﻵن َ ﻣﺜﻞ ھﺬه اﻷﻋﻤﺎل َ ّ ﺤﺬر ِﻣﻦ أﻧّﮫ ﻟﻦ ﱡ ِ ﯾﺘﻢ اﻟﺘّﺴﺎﻣﺢ ﻣﻊ ّ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺎت َ ّ ﺮﻛﺔ إﻧّﻨﺎ/ .أﻋﺬر َﻣﻦ أﻧﺬر وﻗﺪ،ﻣﺮةً أﺧﺮى ﺑﺎﻧﺘﮭﺎك ﻗﻤﺖ ﻓﺼﻠﻚ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ إن َ ِ اﻟﺸ ِ ِ ّ ُﻧ اﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻨﺔ ﱢ ّ ﻓﺎع ﻋﻦ ّ ﺤﺬُر ﺳﻨﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﱠ .أﻋﺬر َﻣﻦ أﻧﺬر وﻗﺪ،ﺣﺮﯾﺘﻨﺎ ﻛﻞ ﻠﻄﺎت ﻣﻦ أﻧّﻨﺎ اﻟﺴ َ ِ ُ ِ ِ ﻟﻠﺪ Forewarned is forearmed; we warn that such acts would not be tolerated anymore./Forewarned is forearmed; you would be fred if you again violated the company policy./Forewarned is forearmed; we warn the authorities that we will use any means necessary to defend our freedom. َﻣْﻨَﺪم/ ﻨﺎص ﺣﯿﻦ َﻣ َ َ وﻻت ٍ Too late; too late to escape; missed the boat. ّ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ/ .ﻧﻘﻮل وﻻت ﺣﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﺎص اﻷﻣﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻵن ﻗﺒﻞ أن ﻧﺘﺪارك ﯾﺘﺪھﻮر وﻋﻠﯿﻨﺎ أن اﻟﻮﺿﻊ إن ُ َ َ َ َ إذا ﻟﻢ/ .وﻋﻨﺪﺋﺬ وﻻت ﺣﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﺎص ،ﺳﺘﺼﺒﺢ أزﻣﺔُ اﻟﻐﺬاء ﻛﺎرﺛﺔ اﻟﺤﻠﻮل اﻟﺘّﺮﻗﯿﻌﯿ ِّﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ُ ٍ ِ 246 اﻷﻣﺜﺎل ّ ﺗﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻨﺎول اﻷطﻌﻤﺔ ّ ّ ،ﺧﻼل ﺷﮭﻮر ﻟﻠﺨﻄﺮ ﺳﺘﻌﺮض ﻧﻔﺴﻚ واﻟﺴﻜﺮﯾﺔ ﻓﺈﻧّﻚ اﻟﺪﺳﻤﺔ َ ِ .وﺣﯿﻨَﮭﺎ ﻻت ﺣﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﺎص The situation is deteriorating; we need to act right now before we reach a stage in which we will say it is too late./Because of the government’s patchwork, the food crisis will become a disaster and, by then, the government may have missed the boat./If you do not stop eating fatty and sugary foods soon, you will put your health in danger within months, and then it will be too late. ﺳﱡﺮ أَﺑﯿﮫ ِ اﻟﻮﻟَ ُﺪ َ Like father, like son. ّ إذ،ﻟﻠﺪھﺸﺔ ّ ﻣﺜﯿﺮ ُ ُ ّ ٌ ٌ إﻧّﮫ ﯾﻌﺰف ﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﻌﺰف ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﺑﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﺒﺪوي إن ھﺬا اﻟﻮﻟﺪ أﻣﺮ ِ ّﺑﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﻄ ِ ّ أن ً ،واﻟﺪه ّ ّإﻻ، رﻏﻢ اﺧﺘﻼف اﻟﻈّﺮوف/ .ﺳﺮ أﺑﯿﮫ ّ ﻓﻌﻼ ُ ﺑﮭﺎ ّ ُﺎب ﯾ ّ اﻟﺸ ّ إن اﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﺠﺴﺪ أﺑﺎهُ ﻓﻲ ّ ﺣﻘًّﺎ،وﻧﺠﺎﺣﮫ ّ إن اﻟﻮﻟﺪ .ﺳﺮ أﺑﯿﮫ ﺗﻔﺎؤﻟﮫ ِ ِ It is just amazing, this Bedouin boy plays the rababa in the same way as his father; like father, like son./Despite totally different circumstances, the young man is an embodiment of his father’s optimism and success; like father, like son. ﯾُ ْﻤِﮭُﻞ وﻻ ﯾُ ْﮭِﻤُﻞ Retribution may be delayed, but it is sure to overtake the evil; though the mills of God grind slowly, yet they grind exceedingly small. ْ ْ ّ وھﺎ ھﻲ اﻟﻌﺪاﻟﺔ،ﯾﺘﻢ اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎم واﻧﺘﻈﺮت ،اﻷﻣﺮﯾﻦ ﻟﺴﻨﻮات ﯾﺪﯾﮫ ﻟﻘﺪ ّ ﺑﺼﺒﺮ ﺣﺘﻰ ِ ذاﻗﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ٍ ّ ُ ّ إن ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﯾﺄﺧﺬ ّ / .ﻤﮭﻞ وﻻ ﯾُﮭﻤﻞ ُ ّﺗﺘﺤﻘ ،ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﯿﻦ ﺣﻖ ُ ُ ﯾaﻖ ﻓﺎ َ ﺎﻟﻢ وﻟﻮ ِ اﻟﻤﻈﻠﻮم ﻣﻦ اﻟﻈ ِ .ﻓﺴﺒﺤﺎﻧَﮫ ﯾُﻤﮭﻞ وﻻ ﯾُﮭﻤﻞ ُ She suffered at his hand for years, and she had to wait in patience for vengeance to be accomplished. Now justice is served; the mills of God grind slowly./God almighty takes revenge for the oppressed from the oppressor, even after a while, though the mills of God grind slowly, yet they grind exceedingly small. 247 PART II The practice exercises اﻟﺘﻤﺎرﯾﻦ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﻌﺠﯿﺐ 1 ﯾﺘﺤﺪ ُ ّ ﺑﯿﺪﯾﮫ ﺑﺸ ّﺪٍة ﻋﻠﻰ ﯾﻘﺒﺾ ﻛﺘﺒﮫ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮة اﻟﺘﻲ اﻗﺘﻨﺎھﺎ وﻗﺮأھﺎ ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻛﺎن ﺣﺴﻦ ُ ِ ث ﻋﻦ ِ اﻣﺘﻠﻚ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔً ﻛﺒﯿﺮةً اﻟﻤﮭﻤِﺔ واﻟﻨّﺎدرة، اﻟﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﻤﺌﺎت ﻣﻦ ﺗﻀﻢ ﻛﺘﺎب ﺻﻐﯿﺮ .ﻟﻘﺪ َ ٍ ّ ِ ِ ﱡ ّ ً أدراج ّ واﺣﺪا وﻟﻜﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑًﺎ ﻋﺠﯿﺒًﺎ اﻟﻐﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﺒﻌﯿﺪة. ﺑﻼد ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺮﯾﺎح وﻟﻜﻨّﮭﺎ ذھﺒﺖ َ ِ ﺳﻔﺮه إﻟﻰ ِ ِ ِ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻣﻌﮫُ وراﻓﻘﮫُ أﯾﻨﻤﺎ ذھﺐ .ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺎن ﯾﺴﺎﻋﺪهُ ﻛﻠّﻤﺎ أﻋﯿﺘﮫُ اﻟﺤﯿﻠﺔُ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮاﺟﮭﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ ،وﯾﻤﻨﺤﮫُ ِ َ ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺎت اﻟﺤﯿﺎة .وﻛﻠّﻤﺎ أﺣﺪﻗﺖ ﺑﮫ اﻟﻤﺨﺎطﺮ ﻛﺎن اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﻣﻌﮫ ﯾﻨﻘﺬ اﻟﻘﻮةَ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻐﻠّﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ّ ِ ﻋﺮض اﻟﺒﺤﺮ اﻟﻘﺎرب ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎرب ﻗﺪﯾﻢ ،وﻣﺎ إن أﺻﺒﺢ ﺣﯿﺎﺗﮫ ،وﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ إﻧّﮫ ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﻓﻲ ُ ٍ ِ ﻗﻌﺮه .ورﻏﻢ ّ ّ أن ﺣﺴﻦ أﺻﺒﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻔﺎ اﻟﮭﺎوﯾﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺑﺪأ اﻟﻘﺎرب ﯾﺘﺴﺮب ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎء ﺣﺘﻰ ﺑﺪأ ُ ِ ﺑﻤﻨﺎﺷﺪات َﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﻮا ﻣﻌﮫُ ﻛﻲ َ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﮫ. ﻟﯿﻨﺠﻮ اﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﯾﻘﻔﺰ ﻣﻌﮭﻢ إﻟﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺮق ّإﻻ أﻧّﮫ ﻟﻢ ﯾﻜﺘﺮث ِ ِ َ ِ ﻣﺮت ﺳﻔﯿﻨﺔٌ ﺗﺠﺎرﯾّﺔٌ ّ ﺗﻤﺾ ﻟﺤﻈﺎت ﺣﺘﻰ ّ اﻟﺒﻘﺎء ﻓﻲ وأﺻﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﺎرب ﻣﺘﺸﺒﺜًﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺘﺎب .وﻟﻢ ِ ِ ِ ﻏﺮق ﺣﺎﻟﻤﺎ ﻏﺎدرهُ. اﻟﻘﺎرب اﻟﺬي واﻧﺘﺸﻠﺘﮫُ ﻣﻦ َ ِ ّ ﺷﻌﺮ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﻛﯿﻔﻤﺎ اﺗّﻔﻖ ﻣﺘﻰ ﻣﺎ ﯾﻔﺘﺢ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب .ﻓﮭﻮ ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻘﺘﮫ ﯾﺘﻮاﺻﻞ ﺣﺴﻦ ُ ُ َ َ ِ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﺗُ ّ َ ﻋﺒﺎرات ﻟﯿﺠﺪ ﺨﺎذ ﻗﺮار ذھﻨﮫ ﺳﺆال ،أو ﺧﻄﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻠﻖ ،أو ﻛﻠّﻤﺎ ﮭﺪﺋﮫُ َ َ ِ ِ ﻋﺠﺰ ﻋﻦ اﺗّ ِ ِ اﻟﻌﺠﯿﺐ أن ﯾُ َ أو ﺗُ ﺎس ﺜﺎم ﻋﻦ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب وﯾﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ ﻌﻄﯿﮫ ﺟﻮاﺑًﺎ أو ﻧﺼﯿﺤﺔ .ﺑﻞ ُ ُ ُ ِ ﻤﯿﻂ اﻟﻠّ َ أﺳﺮار اﻟﻨّ ِ ِ وﯾﻜﺸﻒ ﻟﮫُ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻮاﯾﺎھﻢ. اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﯾﻠﺘﻘﻲ ﺑﮭﻢ َ ّ ﺜﯿﺮ اﻹزﻋﺎج أﺣﯿﺎﻧًﺎ .ﻓﻨﺼﺎﺋﺤﮫُ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻻ ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ وﻟﻜﻦ اﻧﺰﻋﺎﺟﮫُ، ّﺐ ﻟﮫُ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﯾُﺴﺒ ُ ﻣﺮاﻣﮫ ﺗُ ُ َ َ َ ِ ﺷﻲء ﯾُﺤﺒّﮫُ أو ﺗُ ّ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻨﮭﺎهُ ﻋﻦ أﺻﺒﺢ ﯾﺮﻏﺐ ﻓﯿﮫ ،وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ ﺷﻲء ﻻ ﻟﻔﻌﻞ ُ ﻮﺟﮭﮫُ ً ٍ ٍ َ ِ ّ ّ ﻓﻌﻞ ّ وﻣﺠﺮد اﻹﺣﺴﺎس ﺑﺪوﻧﮫ، ﺷﻲء أي ﺣﯿﺎﺗﮫ ،وﻻ ﯾﺘﺠﺰأ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺰء ﻻ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ُ ُ ٍ ً ﯾﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ ﺣﺴﻦ َ ِ ِ ﻣﺴﺮﻋﺎ ﻟﯿُ َ ً ﯾﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﯿﺪﯾﮫ ﻛﻲ إﻟﯿﮫ ﻤﺴﻜﮫُ ﺑﻤﺲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻨﻮن وﯾﺠﻌﻠﮫُ ﯾُ ُ ﱟ ﺑﺒﻌﺪه ﻋﻨﮫُ ﯾُﺼﯿﺒﮫُ َ ِ ﺒﺎدر ِ ِ ﺑﺎﻟﻄّﻤﺄﻧﯿﻨﺔ. ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺗﮫ ﺗﺴﺠﯿﻞ أﻛﻤﻞ ﯾﺴﺘﻤﻊ إﻟﻰ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺑﺎھﺘﻤﺎم ،وﺑﻌﺪ أن ﻔﺴﻲ طﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﮫُ ُ ﻛﺎن اﻟﻄّ ُ َ َ َ ﺒﯿﺐ اﻟﻨّ ّ ِ ّ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب وﺗﺼﻔّ َﺢ ﺒﯿﺐ وﻟﻜﻦ ﺣﺴﻦ ﻟﻢ ﯾﻮاﻓﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب، ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﻄّ ُ َ إﻋﻄﺎﺋﮫ إﯾﺎه ّإﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻀﺾَ . ِ ّ ﻣﺠﺮد أوراق ﺑﻼ ﻛﻠﻤﺎت. اﻟﻜﺘﺎب أوراﻗَﮫُ ﻛﻠﱠﮭﺎ ورﻗﺔً ورﻗﺔ ،وﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺟﺄة ،ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺎن ُ 251 DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-32 The practice exercises (1) Carefully read the text, then discuss how the idioms are used to convey the meaning. (2) Translate the text into English, making sure that your final translation reads like authentic English and reproduces the content and style of the text. (3) Express what you understand in Arabic by using the idioms appearing in the text. Ensure to use all the idioms from the text correctly. (4) Choose the correct idioms to fill in the blanks in the following sentences. 1 وﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺎ أﻓﺎدت ﺑﮫ وﻛﺎﻟﺔ اﻷﻧﺒﺎء ﻓﺈن ھﺬا اﻟﺘﻘﺮﯾﺮ ________ اﻟﻮﺟﮫ اﻟﺤﻘﯿﻘﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺰب اﻟﺤﺎﻛﻢ. أ ب ج أﻋﯿﺘﮫ اﻟﺤﯿﻠﺔ أﻣﺎط اﻟﻠﺜﺎم ﻋﻦ أﺣﺪﻗﺖ ﺑﮫ اﻟﻤﺨﺎطﺮ 2 ﻋﻠﯿﻚ أن ﺗﺘﺮﯾﺚ وﻻ ﯾﻨﺒﻐﻲ أن ﺗﺘﺴﺮع وﺗﺼﺪر أﺣﻜﺎﻣﻚ __________. أ ب ج ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻔﯿﺮ اﻟﮭﺎوﯾﺔ ﻛﯿﻔﻤﺎ اﺗﻔﻖ ﺟﺰء ﻻ ﯾﺘﺠﺰأ 3 واﻓﻖ رؤﺳﺎء اﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺄﺟﯿﻞ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎع اﻟﺴﻨﻮي اﻟﻤﻘﺮر ﻋﻘﺪه ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ ﻣﻦ أﯾﻠﻮل اﻟﺠﺎري أ ب ج ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻀﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻔﯿﺮ اﻟﮭﺎوﯾﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮاﻣﮫ 4 ﻋﻠﯿﻨﺎ أن ﻧﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﻋﯿﺔ اﻟﻨﺎس وأﺧﺬ اﻟﻤﺰﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﯿﻄﺔ واﻟﺤﺬر ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ھﺬا _________ ﺑﻨﺎ. أ ب ج ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻀﺾ اﻟﻤﺲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻨﻮن اﻟﺨﻄﺮ اﻟﻤﺤﺪق 5 _______ أﺣﻼم اﻟﺰوﺟﺔ وآﻣﺎﻟﮭﺎ _______ أ ب ج أﻋﯿﺘﮭﺎ اﻟﺤﯿﻠﺔ ذھﺒﺖ أدراج اﻟﺮﯾﺎح أﺻﺎﺑﮭﺎ ﻣﺲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻨﻮن إن اﺳﺘﻤﺮار اﻷزﻣﺎت وﺗﺘﺎﺑﻌﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﺳﯿﺠﻌﻠﮫ أ ب ج ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻔﯿﺮ اﻟﮭﺎوﯾﺔ ﻛﯿﻔﻤﺎ اﺗﻔﻖ أﻣﺎطﺖ اﻟﻠﺜﺎم ﻋﻨﮭﺎ _________. ﺑﻌﺪﻣﺎ ﻗﺮر زوﺟﮭﺎ أن ﯾﺘﺰوج ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﺑﺄﺧﺮى. 6 ___________. 252 اﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﻌﺠﯿﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮاﻣﮫ ذھﺐ أدراج اﻟﺮﯾﺎح أﺻﺎﺑﮫ ﻣﺲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻨﻮن أ ب ج أﻋﻠﻢ أﻧﮫ ﺳﺎﺋﻖ ﻣﺎھﺮ وﻟﺪﯾﮫ إﺟﺎزة ﺳﯿﺎﻗﺔ ﻣﻨﺬ ّإﻻ أﻧﮫ اﻟﯿﻮم ﻛﺎن ﯾﻘﻮد ﺳﯿﺎرﺗﮫ ﻛﻤﻦ،ﺳﻨﻮات ._______ 7 ﻛﯿﻔﻤﺎ اﺗﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮام ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻀﺾ أ ب ج رﻏﻢ أﻧﮭﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻘﻮل اﻟﺤﻘﯿﻘﺔ ّإﻻ أن ﺣﺪﯾﺜﮭﺎ ﻟﻢ ﯾﺄت ._________ اﻟﺴﺎﻣﻌﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻷﻣﺴﯿﺔ 8 أﻣﺎط اﻟﻠﺜﺎم ﻋﻨﮫ ذھﺐ أدراج اﻟﺮﯾﺎح أﻋﯿﺘﮫ اﻟﺤﯿﻠﺔ أ ب ج وﺗﻜﺮارا ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﺼﻨﺪوق وﺑﻌﺪﻣﺎ ﻣﺮارا ﺣﺎول ً ً ._________ ﻟﻢ ﯾﺠﺪ أﻣﺎﻣﮫ ﺳﻮى أن ﯾﻜﺴﺮه 9 ﺟﺰء ﻻ ﯾﺘﺠﺰأ ﻛﯿﻔﻤﺎ اﺗﻔﻖ ذھﺒﺖ أدراج اﻟﺮﯾﺎح أ ب ج وﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﺎطﻖ إن اﻟﺠﺰر اﻷرﺑﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻨﺎزع ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ھﻲ ________ ﻣﻦ أراﺿﻲ ﺑﻼده وأن اﺳﺘﻌﺎدﺗﮭﺎ ھﻮ .واﺟﺐ وطﻨﻲ 10 (5) Translate the following sentences into Arabic. Translate the words in bold into one of the idioms of this unit. 1 The government will unveil a new climate plan to tackle climate change. 2 I was at my wit’s end to find a suitable solution to the problem. 3 What would you do if you were surrounded by dangers? 4 The employees will not embrace the new rules; they will grudgingly adjust to them. 5 You cannot use these idioms just anyhow. You need to learn how to use them. 6 Plans to open the border between the two countries have gone down the drain. 7 The woman went mad and started talking to herself and laughing hysterically. 8 The drawing was not as she wished, and she requested it be taken down. 253 The practice exercises 9 These rituals are an integral part of our society and culture. 10 The company has been struggling for some time and is now on the brink of the abyss. (6) Use the idioms of this unit in sentences of your own. This practice exercise covers the following Arabic idioms: ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻀﺾ ﺟﺰء ﻻ ﯾﺘﺠﺰأ أﻋﯿﺘﮫ اﻟﺤﯿﻠﺔ 254 ﻛﯿﻔﻤﺎ اﺗﻔﻖ أﻣﺎط اﻟﻠﺜﺎم ﻋﻦ ذھﺐ أدراج اﻟﺮﯾﺎح أﺣﺪﻗﺖ ﺑﮫ اﻟﻤﺨﺎطﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮاﻣﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻔﯿﺮ اﻟﮭﺎوﯾﺔ أﺻﺎﺑﮫ ﻣﺲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻨﻮن اﻟﮭﻮس َ 2 ﺻﺤﯿﺢ ّ ٌ أن أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺼﻔﮭﻢ ﻣﻦ وﻋﺸﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻌﺠﺒًﺎ وﻣﻌﺠﺒﺔ. ﻣﺎﺋﺔ وﺻﻞ َ َ اﻟﻤﻌﺠﺒﻮن ﺑﮭﺎ إﻟﻰ ٍ َ ْ ّ اﻟﺘﻘﻄﺖ ﺻﻮرةً واﻟﺰﻣﻼءّ ،إﻻ ّ ٌ ﻟﻄﺒﻖ ﻛﺒﯿﺮ وﻣﺎ ﯾﺰال ﯾﺮﺗﻔﻊ. اﻟﻌﺪد أن اﻷﻗﺎرب واﻷﺻﺪﻗﺎء َ ِ ِ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﺒﯿﺾ اﻟﻠّﺬﯾﺬ اﻟﺬي طﺒﺨﺘﮫُ ﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺘِﮭﺎ اﻟﯿﻮم ووﺿﻌﺘﮭﺎ ﺑﺄﺳﺮع ﻣﺎ ﯾُﻤﻜﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﺎﻗﻼء ﻣﻊ ِ ِ ﺗﻀﻊ ﺻﺪﯾﻘﺘُﮭﺎ ﺻﻮرةَ ﻋﺪد ﻣﻦ ”اﻟﻼﯾﻜﺎت“ ﻗﺒﻞ أن اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻛﻲ اﻟﺘّﻮاﺻﻞ َ ﺗﺤﺼﺪ أﻛﺒﺮ ٍ َ ّ ُ ُ ﯾﻜﻮن َ ً طﺒﻘِﮭﺎ ّ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻓﺼﺎﻋﺪا أن اﻵن ﻓﺎت اﻷوان .إﻧّﮭﺎ ﺒﺎﺣﻲ ،وﺣﯿﻨﮭﺎ ﻗﺪ َ ﺗﺮﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ َ اﻟﺼ ّ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ً ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺪﯾﻘﺘِﮭﺎ .ﻟﻢ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻊ اﻻﻧﺘﻈﺎر، ﻣﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﺘّﻮاﺻﻞ ﻧﯿﻞ اﻹﻋﺠﺎب ﻓﻲ ّ ﻓﻲ ِ ِ ﺗﺸﺮب ّ ﺗﻤﻌﻨﺖ ﻓﻲ ّ ﻣﺎﺋﺪة اﻹﻓﻄﺎر ّ ﻋﺸﺮﯾﻦ اﻟﺼﻮرة ،ﻟﻘﺪ ﺣﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺸﺎي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺒﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ُ َ ِ ﯾﻌﯿﺶ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻨﺪا” :ﻟﻘﺪ آن اﻷوان ﻋﻤﮭﺎ اﻟﺬي ُ إﻋﺠﺎﺑًﺎ وﻋﺪة ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻘﺎت ﺧﻼل رﺑﻊ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ .ﻋﻠّﻖ ﱡ ُ َ طﺒﻘﻚ ﺳﺄﺗﺬوق وردة وﻋﺒﺎرة ” رﻣﺰ أن ﺗُﺮﺳﻠﻲ ﻟﻲ طﺒﻘًﺎ ﻣﺜﻠﮫ “.ﻓﯿﻤﺎ وﺿﻌﺖ ﻓﺘﺎةٌ ﻻ ﺗﻌﺮﻓُﮭﺎ ٍ ِ ﻋﺎﺟﻼ أم ً ً آﺟﻼ “.ﺷﻌﺮت ﺑﺄﻧّﮭﺎ أﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﻣﻠﻜﺔَ ُ أﻋﺪاد وﺿﺤﺎھﺎ ،ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﯿﻠﺔ ُ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﺑﯿﻦ ٍ ِ ُ اﻟﺼﺪاﻗﺔ .ﯾﺒﺪو ّ ُ طﻠﺒﺎت ّ ﺗﺠﻠﺐ ﻌﺎم أن ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒﯿﺮ وﻣﻌﮭﺎ ﺗﺰداد اﻹﻋﺠﺎب واﻟﺘّﻌﻠﯿﻘﺎت ُ َ ِ ٍ ﺻﻮر اﻟﻄّ ِ اﻟﻔﯿﻨﺔ ﺻﻮر اﻟﻄّﻌﺎم اﻟﺬي ﺗﺼﻨﻌﮫُ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺰﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺘﻀﻊ اﻟﻤﺰﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺠﺒﯿﻦ ،وﻟﮭﺬا ﻓﺈﻧّﮭﺎ ُ َ َ ِ ِ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﯿﻆ ّ أﺣﺴﺖ َ ّ ﱠ ﯾﻀﻌﻦ اﻟﻤﻘﺮﺑﺎت ﻣﻨﮭﺎ ﻟﻢ ﻷن ﺻﺪﯾﻘﺎﺗﮭﺎ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ واﻷﺧﺮى .وﻟﻜﻨّﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ َ ِ ﱠ ﮭﻦ اﻵن ،وﻟﻜﻦ رﺑﻤﺎ ﺳﻮء ظﻨّﮭﺎ ّ ﺗﺄﻛﻞ ﻗﻠﻮﺑَ ّ اﻟﻤﺆﻛِﺪ ّ أن اﻟﻐﯿﺮةَ ﺑﮭﻦ ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻘًﺎ أو إﻋﺠﺎﺑًﺎ .ﻣﻦ ُ ُ ٌ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ أﺻﺒﺢ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﺘّﻮاﺻﻞ ﻣﺒﻜﺮا .ﻟﻘﺪ ﯾﺰال واﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﻷواﻧﮫ ،ﻓﺎﻟﯿﻮم ﻋﻄﻠﺔ، ُ ً َ ّ اﻟﻔﺮح ﻣﺸﺎﻋﺮھﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ وﺗﻜﺮارا ،وﻣﻊ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺗﺘﻐﯿُّﺮ ﻣﺮارا ﺑﻤﺘﺎﺑﻌﺘﮫ ﺗﻘﻮم ُ ً ً ً ِ ھﻮﺳﺎ ﻟﮭﺎ ،ﻓﮭﻲ ُ ِ واﻟﺤﺰنّ ، ﯾﻤﺘﺪﺣﮭﺎ واﻻﻧﺒﮭﺎر واﻟﻼّﻣﺒﺎﻻة ﻓﻲ ھﺸﺔ واﻟﻤﻠﻞ، ﻟﺘﻌﻠﯿﻖ ﺗﻔﺮح ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﯿﻮم .ﻓﮭﻲ ُ ُ واﻟﺪ ِ ٍ ِ ِ ﻣﺰاﺟﮭﺎ وﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﺣﺰﯾﻨﺔ ّ ﻷن أﺣﺪھﻢ وﺿﻊ ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻘًﺎ ﻣﺆذﯾًﺎ أو ﻏﯿﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺎن ﻣﺎ ﯾﺘﻐﯿّﺮ وﻟﻜﻨّﮭﺎ ُ َ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻷوﻻدك ﺑﻚ ،ﻟﻜﺜﺮة ﺗﻮاﺟﺪك ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﺘّﻮاﺻﻞ ﻣﮭﺬب .ﻋﻠّﻘﺖ ﺣﻤﺎﺗُﮭﺎ” :ھﻨﯿﺌًﺎ ّ ِ أﺻﺒﺤﺖ ًّ أزﻋﺠﮭﺎ ھﺬا اﻟﺘّﻌﻠﯿﻖ ً دون ﺗﻔﻜﯿﺮ آن واﺣﺪ “.ﻟﻘﺪ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺟﺪا ،وﻗﺮرت َ َ ِ أﻣﺎ وﻓﺎﺷﯿﻨﯿﺴﺘﺎ ﻓﻲ ٍ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺗﻀﻊ ﺻﻮرةً ﻟﮭﺎ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﮭﺎ ﻣﻊ اﺑﻨﺘﮭﺎ اﻟﻤﺮاھﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﻄﺘﮭﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﯾﻮﻣﯿﻦ ،ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ أن ُ ﺗﻠﺒﺲ َ َ ّ ﺗﺴﺮﯾﺤﺔ ّ اﻟﻤﺆﻛﺪ ّ أن ھﺬه ّ اﻟﺼﻮرة ﺳﺘُﻐﯿﻆُ ﺣﻤﺎﺗﮭﺎ ،وﺗُﺮﯾﮭﺎ اﻟﺸﻌﺮ .ﻣﻦ ﻣﻼﺑﺲ اﺑﻨﺘﮭﺎ ﻣﻊ ﻧﻔﺲ ِ 255 DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-33 The practice exercises وﺑﻀﻐﻄﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﮭﺎﺗﻒ ّ اﻟﺼﻮرةُ ﻣﺘﺎﺣﺔً ﻟﻠﺠﻤﯿﻊ .ﻟﻢ ّ ﻛﻲ ،ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ّ ﯾﻤﺮ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲء. أﻧّﮭﺎ ﱞأم ﻗﺒﻞ ﱢ ٍ اﻟﺬ ّ ٌ وﻗﺖ طﻮﯾﻞ ﺣﺘﻰ وﺻﻠﺘﮭﺎ رﺳﺎﻟﺔُ إﻋﺠﺎب ،ﻓﺘﺤﺘﮭﺎ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ .وﻟﻜﻨّﮭﺎ ﻣﺎ إن ﻓﺘﺤﺘﮭﺎ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻛﺘﺸﻔﺖ أن ﺣﺴﺎﺑﮭﺎ ّ ّ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ ّ اﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔَ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻷوان ،ﻛﺎن ﻋﻠﯿﻚ رﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻘﻮل ”ﻟﻘﺪ ﺨﺼﻲ ﻗﺪ أُﻗﻔِﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺸ ٍ ّ ِ اﺧﺘﺮاق ﺣﺴﺎﺑﻚ ّ ﺨﺼﻲ وﺳﯿﺒﻘﻰ ً أن ﺗﻨﺘﻈﺮي ً ُ ﺴﻤﻰ“. اﻟﺸ ﺗﻢ أﺟﻞ ﻏﯿﺮ ُﻣ ّ ّ ﻗﻠﯿﻼ ،ﻟﻘﺪ ّ ﻣﻘﻔﻼ إﻟﻰ ٍ (1) Carefully read the text, then discuss how the idioms are used to convey the meaning. (2) Translate the text into English, making sure that your final translation reads like authentic English and reproduces the content and style of the text. (3) Express what you understand in Arabic by using the idioms appearing in the text. Ensure to use all the idioms from the text correctly. (4) Choose the correct idioms to fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences. 1 ﻟﻘﺪ اھﺘﻢ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺑﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻣﺸﻜﻼت ﺑﻼده اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ واﻟﻌﺮﻗﯿﺔ ﻓﮭﻮ ﻛﺎﺗﺐ وﻣﺼﻠﺢ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ______________. أﺟﻞ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺴﻤﻰ أ إﻟﻰ ٍ آن واﺣﺪ ب ﻓﻲ ٍ ج ﺑﺄﺳﺮع ﻣﺎ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ 2 ﺗﻐﯿﺮت اﻟﻘﻮاﻧﯿﻦ ﻓﻤﻦ اﻟﯿﻮم ﻟﻦ ﯾﺘﻢ اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺪوﻻر .ﺳﯿﺘﻢ ___________________اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿﺔ. ً أ ﻣﻦ اﻵن ﻓﺼﺎﻋﺪا ب ﺳﺮﻋﺎن ﻣﺎ ج ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﻷواﻧﮫ 3 ﺧﻄﺮا ﻋﻠﯿﻨﺎ وﻻ ﻟﻘﺪ أﺻﺒﺢ وﺟﻮدﻧﺎ ھﻨﺎ ً ﯾﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ اﻟﺒﻘﺎء ھﻨﺎ ﻟﻔﺘﺮة أطﻮل .ﻋﻠﯿﻨﺎ أن ﻧﺮﺣﻞ وﺗﻜﺮارا ﻣﺮارا أ ً ً ب ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻔﯿﻨﺔ واﻷﺧﺮى ج ﺑﺄﺳﺮع ﻣﺎ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ وأﻛﺪ اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ أن اﻷراﺿﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻠﺔ ﺳﺘﻌﻮد ﻷھﻠﮭﺎ وأﻧﮭﺎ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ وﻗﺖ ﻓﻘﻂ________________ ، ﺳﺘﺘﺤﺮر ھﺬه اﻷراﺿﻲ. ﻋﺎﺟﻼ أم ً ً آﺟﻼ أ ب ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻔﯿﻨﺔ واﻷﺧﺮى وﺗﻜﺮارا ﻣﺮارا ج ً ً ___________________. 4 256 اﻟﮭﻮس َ 5 ﺗﻮﻓﻲ اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ أن ﺗﺄﺧﺮت ﺳﯿﺎرة اﻹﺳﻌﺎف ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل ﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﻋﺘﯿﻦ .ﻟﻘﺪ وﺻﻠﺖ ﺳﯿﺎرة اﻹﺳﻌﺎف_________. أ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻷواﻧﮭﺎ ب ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻮات اﻷوان ج ﻗﺒﻞ ﻓﻮات اﻷوان 6 ﺑﻌﺪ أن ﺷﺎھﺪه اﻟﺠﻤﮭﻮر ﯾﻤﺜﻞ ﺑﺎﺣﺘﺮاﻓﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺴﻞ ﺗﺤﻮل اﻟﻤﻤﺜﻞ اﻟﺸﺎب إﻟﻰ ﻧﺠﻢ ﻻﻣﻊ __________. أ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﻷواﻧﮫ ﻟﯿﻠﺔ وﺿﺤﺎھﺎ ب ﺑﯿﻦ ٍ ج ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻔﯿﻨﺔ واﻷﺧﺮى 7 ﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎ ﯾﺜﻤﺮ ﺷﺠﺮ اﻟﺘﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺷﮭﺮ ﯾﻮﻟﯿﻮ )ﺗﻤﻮز( ،ﻟﻜﻨﮫ ﻓﻲ أ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻓﻮات اﻷوان ب ﺑﺄﺳﺮع ﻣﺎ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ھﺬا اﻟﻌﺎم أﺛﻤﺮ ________ ﻓﻲ ﺷﮭﺮ ﻣﺎﯾﻮ )أﯾﺎر(. ج ﻗﺒﻞ أواﻧﮫ 8 ْ أﺟﺮﯾﺖ ﻟﮭﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﻧﻘﻞ ﻛﺒﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺳﺒﻊ ﺳﻨﻮات ّإﻻ أﻧﮭﺎ ﻟﻘﺪ اﻵن ﺑﺤﺎﺟﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ أﺧﺮى ﻟﻨﻘﻞ اﻟﻜﺒﺪ وﻋﻠﯿﻨﺎ أن ﻧﺠﺪ ً ﻣﺘﺒﺮﻋﺎ __________________. وﺗﻜﺮارا ﻣﺮارا أ ً ً ب ﻗﺒﻞ ﻓﻮات اﻷوان ج ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﻷواﻧﮫ 9 ﻟﻘﺪ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻟﮭﻢ ______________ إن ھﺬه اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﮭﻮد ﻟﮭﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻔﺎءة وﻟﻜﻨﮭﻢ ﻟﻢ ﯾﺴﺘﻤﻌﻮا ﻟﻲ. أ ﺑﺄﺳﺮع ﻣﺎ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ب آن اﻷوان وﺗﻜﺮارا ﻣﺮارا ج ً ً _________ 10ﻟﻠﺒﺪء ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﺸﺎرﯾﻊ. أ ﺳﺮﻋﺎن ﻣﺎ ب آن اﻷوان ج أﺑﺪ اﻵﺑﺪﯾﻦ 11ﻻ ﯾﺼﺢ اﻟﺨﻮض ﻓﻲ ھﺬا اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع اﻵن ﻷﻧﮫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺒﻜﺮ أ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﻷواﻧﮫ ب إﻟﻰ أﺟﻞ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺴﻤﻰ اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺚ ﻋﻨﮫ وﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﻮﻟﮫ ھﻮ _____________. ج ﻗﺒﻞ ﻓﻮات اﻷوان 12ﯾُﺬﻛﺮ أن اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﺗﺸﮭﺪ ________________ ﺣﻮادث ﻗﺘﻞ واﻏﺘﯿﺎل ﻛﺎن آﺧﺮھﺎ ﻣﺤﺎوﻟﺔ ﻓﺎﺷﻠﺔ ﻻﻏﺘﯿﺎل اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻆ. 257 ً ﻓﺼﺎﻋﺪا أ ﻣﻦ اﻵن ب ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻔﯿﻨﺔ واﻷﺧﺮى ج إﻟﻰ أﺑﺪ اﻵﺑﺪﯾﻦ The practice exercises أ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻷواﻧﮭﺎ ب إﻟﻰ أﺑﺪ اﻵﺑﺪﯾﻦ أﺟﻞ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺴﻤﻰ ٍ ج إﻟﻰ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺄﺟﯿﻞ اﻻﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎت اﻟﺮﺋﺎﺳﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ13 ﻣﻘﺮرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﯾﻮ )أﯾﺎر( اﻟﺠﺎري .___________________ ﻟﯿﻠﺔ وﺿﺤﺎھﺎ ٍ أ ﺑﯿﻦ ًﻋﺎﺟﻼ أم آﺟﻼ ً ب ج ﺳﺮﻋﺎن ﻣﺎ ﻧﺰل اﻟﺸﺒﺎب إﻟﻰ ﺳﺎﺣﺎت اﻟﻤﻈﺎھﺮات ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﺎوﻟﺔ14 ﻹﻋﺎدة إﺣﯿﺎء اﻟﺜﻮرة ﻟﻜﻦ __________ ﺗﻐﻠﻐﻠﺖ ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻢ ً .ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪا ﻟﻠﺤﺰب اﻟﻤﺘﻄﺮف ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ھﺘﻔﺖ أ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻷوان، أن ﻧﺒﻘﻰ ﻣﻮﺣﺪﯾﻦ، ﻣﺴﻠﻤﯿﻦ وﻣﺴﯿﺤﯿﯿﻦ، اﻟﻌﻈﯿﻢa ﻧﻘﺴﻢ ﺑﺎ15 ب إﻟﻰ أﺑﺪ اﻵﺑﺪﯾﻦ . آﻣﯿﻦ._________________ ﻟﯿﻠﺔ وﺿﺤﺎھﺎ ٍ ج ﺑﯿﻦ (5) Translate the following sentences into Arabic. Translate the words in bold into one of the idioms of this unit. 1 Tourism chiefs call on the government to save jobs before it is too late. 2 Often people realise too late that the business is costing them money. 3 Passengers arriving in the capital from now on will be asked to provide an address. 4 Four systems can be programmed at the same time. 5 It is time to defend our country. 6 We need to intervene every now and then to sort things out. 7 He was determined at the beginning, but soon he changed his mind. 8 The risks of closing the atomic reactor prematurely are very large. 9 Do you really expect the regime to change overnight? 10 Sooner or later we will go back to our homeland. 11 I need these reports as soon as possible. 12 These archaeological ruins will stay here for ever and ever. 13 All the shops will be closed indefnitely. 14 I have said it time and time again, this disease is not fatal. 258 اﻟﮭﻮس َ 15 It is too early to determine the specific impact of the economic boom on the society. (6) Use the idioms of this unit in sentences of your own. This practice exercise covers the following Arabic idioms: ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻮات اﻷوان آنَ اﻷوان ﺑﯿﻦَ اﻟﻔﯿﻨ ِﺔ واﻷﺧﺮى ﺑﺄﺳﺮع ﻣﺎ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ِ ﻣﺮارًا وﺗﻜﺮارًا 259 ﻗﺒﻞ ﻓﻮات اﻷوان ﺳﺎﺑ ٌ ﻖ ﻷواﻧﮫ ﺑﯿﻦَ ﻟﯿﻠ ٍﺔ وﺿﺤﺎھﺎ إﻟﻰ أﺑ ِﺪ اﻵﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﺳﺮﻋﺎن ﻣﺎ ِﻣﻦ اﻵن ﻓﺼﺎ ِﻋﺪًا ﻗﺒ َﻞ اﻷوان آن واﺣﺪ ﻓﻲ ٍ أﺟﻞ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺴ ّﻤﻰ إﻟﻰ ٍ ﻋﺎﺟﻼ أم ً ً آﺟﻼ اﻟﻤﻘﺎھﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻮاﺻﻢ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ 3 ﺗﺘﻤﯿّﺰ ﻣﺪن اﻟﻘﺎھﺮة وﺑﻐﺪاد ودﻣﺸﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻘﺎھﻲ اﻟﺘّﻘﻠﯿﺪﯾّﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗُ ﱡ ً ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﮭﺎ ﺷﺎھﺪا ﻋﻠﻰ ﻌﺪ ِ واﻷﺣﺪاث اﻟﺘﻲ ﺣﺼﻠﺖ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ .وﻟﻢ ُ واﻟﻘﯿﻞ واﻟﻘﺎل ﯾﻘﻀﻲ ﺴﻠﯿﺔ ﺗﻜﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﻘﺎھﻲ أﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﻟﻠﺘّ ِ ِ ﺗﻨﺎول ّ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ ّ اﻟﺸﺎي واﻟﻘﮭﻮة واﻟﻤﺮطّﺒﺎت ﺑﺘﺒﺎدل اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺚ واﻷﻟﻌﺎب اﻟﺘّﺮاﺛﯿّﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺟﺎل أوﻗﺎﺗَﮭﻢ اﻟﺮ ُ ِ ِ ﱢ ّ واﻟﺴﯿﺎﺳﺔ. ﻌﺮ ﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﮭﺎ اﻟﻄّﻮﯾﻞ ﻧﺴﺒﯿًﺎ وﺟﻮدھﺎ ﻋﺒﺮ ﻓﺤﺴﺐ ،ﺑﻞ أﺛﺒﺘﺖ َ ٍ ﻛﻨﻮاد ﻟﻠﺜّ ِ ِ واﻟﺸ ِ ﺠﺎﻻت اﻟﻔﻜﺮﯾّﺔُ ُ ّ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻨﺸﻂُ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﻘﺎھﻲ ّ واﻟﺴﯿﺎﺳﯿّﺔُ واﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ ﻣﺜﯿﺮةً اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴ ﻛﺒﺎر ﱡ ّ واﻟﺴﯿﺎﺳﯿﯿﻦ ﻔﯿﻦ ﻣﮭﻢ ﻣﻦ وردود اﻷﻓﻌﺎل .وﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﺟﺘﺬاﺑﮭﺎ اﻟﺠﺪل ﻌﺮاء واﻟﻤﺆﻟّ َ ٍ اﻟﺸ ِ ِ ﻟﻌﺪد ﱟ ِ ِ وأﺛﻨﺎﺋﮫ ،ﻛﻤﺤﻤﺪ ﻣﮭﺪي اﻟﺠﻮاھﺮي ﻓﻲ ﺑﻐﺪاد وﻧﺠﯿﺐ ﻣﺤﻔﻮظ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺎھﺮة ﺳﻄﻮع ﻧﺠﻤﮭﻢ ﻗﺒﻞ َ ِ ِ ﻖ ﻋﻨﮫ ﻗﺮﯾﺤﺔُ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﻔﺘّ ُ ً ﻄﺮح ﻓﯿﮫ ﻟﻠﻨّﻘﺎش ﱡ وﻣﺤﻤﺪ اﻟﻤﺎﻏﻮط ﻓﻲ دﻣﺸﻖ ،ﻓﻘﺪ أﺻﺒﺤﺖ ُ ﻣﻘﺼﺪا ﯾُ ّ أذھﺎن ﯾﺘﺒﺎدر إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺜﯿﺮﯾﻦ ﻟﻠﺠﺪل ﻣﻦ أﻓﻜﺎر ﺗﺠﺎه ﻗﻀﺎﯾﺎ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺗﮭﻢ ،أو ﻣﺎ ﻔﯿﻦ ُ َ اﻷدﺑﺎء واﻟﻤﺜﻘّ َ ِ ِ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷوﺿﺎع ﻓﻲ ﺑﻠﺪاﻧﮭﻢ ،وﺳﺎﺣﺔً ﻟﻌﺮض آراء ّ ّ ﻛﻞ ﯿﺎﺳﯿﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎرﺿﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴ َ ٍ ِ ّ ﯾﻐﺮد ﺧﺎرج ّ َﻣﻦ ﯾﻌﺠﺒﮫُ أن ّ ﺗﻀﺮب ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮﺗﺮ اﻟﺴﺮب أو ﯾﻨﺎﻗﺶ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺑﻌﻔﻮﯾﺔ اﻟﺤﺴﺎس ُ ٍ إن ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﻘﺎھﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ّ وﺣﺮﯾﺔ .وﻻ ﻧﺒﺎﻟﻎ إذا ﻗُﻠﻨﺎ ّ ﻣﺪﯾﻨﺔ ﻛﻞ ﺗﺸﻜُﻞ ﻋﻼﻣﺔً ﻓﺎرﻗﺔً ﻓﻲ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﱢ ٍ واﻟﻔﻨﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻌﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻷدﺑﺎء ﻣﺼﺪر ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﺪن وﺗﺮاﺛﮭﺎ ،وﻛﺎﻧﺖ إﻟﮭﺎم ﻷﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﺎ أﻧﺘﺠﮫُ َ ُ َ ٍ زﻣﻨﮭﻢ ّ اﻟﺘﺄﺛﯿﺮات ّ اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺳﯿّﺔ واﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿّﺔ واﻟﻔﻜﺮﯾّﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺮﻛﺘﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟَﻢ ھﺒﻲ ،ﻓﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺬ ّ ِ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ. ّ (1) Carefully read the text, then discuss how the idioms are used to convey the meaning. (2) Translate the text into English, making sure that your final translation reads like authentic English and reproduces the content and style of the text. (3) Express what you understand in Arabic by using the idioms appearing in the text. Ensure to use all the idioms from the text correctly. DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-34 260 اﻟﻤﻘﺎھﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻮاﺻﻢ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ (4) Choose the correct idioms to fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences. 1 إن ھﺬا اﻟﻼﻋﺐ ھﻮ أﺣﺪ أھﻢ اﻟﻼﻋﺒﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺨﺐ وﻗﺪ ___________ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﯾﯿﻦ اﻟﻮطﻨﻲ واﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ. أ ب ج ﺗﻔﺘﻘﺖ ﻗﺮﯾﺤﺘﮫ أﺛﺒﺖ وﺟﻮده ﺗﺒﺎدر إﻟﻰ اﻟﺬھﻦ 2 _____ ﺑﻌﺾ أﻋﻀﺎء اﻟﺒﺮﻟﻤﺎن ________ وﯾﺪﻟﻮن ﺑﺘﺼﺮﯾﺤﺎت ﺿﺪ رﺋﯿﺲ ﻛﺘﻠﺘﮭﻢ اﻟﺒﺮﻟﻤﺎﻧﯿﺔ. أ ب ج ﺗﺒﺎدر إﻟﻰ ذھﻦ ﯾﻐﺮد ﺧﺎرج اﻟﺴﺮب اﻟﻘﯿﻞ واﻟﻘﺎل 3 وﻗﺪ أدﻟﻰ اﻟﻨﺠﻢ اﻟﺴﯿﻨﻤﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺘﺼﺮﯾﺢ ____________ أﺛﺎر ﺣﻔﯿﻈﺔ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﯿﮫ. أ ب ج ﻣﺜﯿﺮ ﻟﻠﺠﺪل ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻓﺎرﻗﺔ ﺳﻄﻊ ﻧﺠﻤﮫ 4 ﺷﺨﺼﺎ ﯾﺤﺐ أن ﯾﺸﺎرك ﻓﻲ ﺟﻠﺴﺎت ﻟﺴﺖ ً اﻟﻨﻤﯿﻤﺔ و______________. أ ب ج اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﻔﺎرﻗﺔ ﺳﻄﻊ ﻧﺠﻤﻲ اﻟﻘﯿﻞ واﻟﻘﺎل 5 ﻻ ﯾﻔﮭﻢ ﻛﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﯿﻦ اﻟﻨﻈﺮﯾﺔ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﯿﺔ ___________ ﺑﻌﻤﻮم اﻟﻨﺎس. أ ب ج أﺛﺒﺘﺖ وﺟﻮدھﺎ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻚ ﺗﻔﺘﻘﺖ ﻗﺮﯾﺤﺘﮭﺎ 6 أﻋﺘﻘﺪ أن ھﺬا اﻟﺴﺆال ھﻮ أول ﻣﺎ _____________ ﻛﻞ ﻓﻨﺎن أو ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﻔﻨﻲ. أ ب ج ﯾﺴﻄﻊ ﻧﺠﻢ ﺗﺘﻔﺘﻖ ﻗﺮﯾﺤﺔ ﯾﺘﺒﺎدر إﻟﻰ ذھﻦ 7 ﺣﯿﻦ ______________ اﻟﻌﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺧﺘﺮاﻋﺎت اﻟﻨﺎﺟﺤﺔ ﺧﺼﺼﺖ ﻟﮭﺎ اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻣﻮارد ﻣﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﻹﻧﺸﺎء ﻣﺮﻛﺰ أﺑﺤﺎث. أ ب ج أﺛﺒﺘﺖ وﺟﻮدھﺎ ﺳﻄﻊ ﻧﺠﻤﮭﺎ ﺗﻔﺘﻘﺖ ﻗﺮﯾﺤﺘﮭﺎ ﻋﻦ 261 The practice exercises ﺿﺮب ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮﺗﺮ اﻟﺤﺴﺎس ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻓﺎرﻗﺔ ﺳﻄﻊ ﻧﺠﻤﮫ أ ب ج ﯾﺒﺪو أﻧﮫ،ﻟﻘﺪ اﺳﺘﻔﺰھﻢ اﻧﺘﻘﺎده ﻟﺴﻠﻮك أوﻻدھﻢ .____________ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﺮة 8 ﻣﺜﯿﺮة ﻟﻠﺠﺪل اﻟﻘﯿﻞ واﻟﻘﺎل ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻓﺎرﻗﺔ أ ب ج ﺳﺘﻈﻞ ھﺬه اﻟﺜﻮرة ___________ﻓﻲ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ وﻧﺒﺮاﺳﺎ ﻟﻮﺣﺪﺗﻨﺎ وﻣﻠﺤﻤﺔ ﺗﺬﻛﺮھﺎ اﻷﺟﯿﺎل ﺑﻠﺪﻧﺎ ً .ﺑﻌﺪﻧﺎ 9 ﻏﺮدت ﺧﺎرج اﻟﺴﺮب ﺳﻄﻊ ﻧﺠﻢ ﺗﻔﺘﻘﺖ ﻗﺮﯾﺤﺔ أ ب ج _______ اﻟﻔﻨﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻜﻮﻣﯿﺪﯾﺔ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺴﻨﻮات ﻧﺠﺎﺣﺎ اﻷﺧﯿﺮة ﺑﺴﺒﺐ أﻋﻤﺎﻟﮭﺎ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺣﻘﻘﺖ ً .ﺑﺎھﺮا ً 10 (5) Translate the following sentences into Arabic. Translate the words in bold into one of the idioms of this unit. 1 This controversial law will give authorities sweeping powers. 2 The ruling represents a landmark moment in women’s rights. 3 It occurred to me at that point that perhaps I could express myself with a poem. 4 She has proved herself the best journalist in the field. 5 They do the bare necessity of work and spend their time in idle gossip. 6 I believe that people who do not conform are often bullied and have it difficult. 7 His musical talent started to shine through by the time he was 11 years old. 8 We still are not sure how safe the product is, much less if it is time to market it. 9 Omar Sharif began his career in Egypt, then his star rose in the West in the ’60s. 10 He talked badly of his other rivals, and his statement seems to touch a sensitive chord. (6) Use the idioms of this unit in sentences of your own. 262 اﻟﻤﻘﺎھﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻮاﺻﻢ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ This practice exercise covers the following Arabic idioms: ﻣﺜﯿﺮ ﻟﻠﺠﺪل ﺿﺮب ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮﺗﺮ اﻟﺤﺴﺎس ﻓﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻚ ﺑـِ ﺗﻔﺘﻘﺖ ﻗﺮﯾﺤﺘﮫ ﻋﻦ 263 ﺗﺒﺎدر إﻟﻰ اﻟﺬھﻦ أﺛﺒﺖ وﺟﻮده ﺳﻄﻊ ﻧﺠﻤﮫ اﻟﻘﯿﻞ واﻟﻘﺎل ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻓﺎرﻗﺔ ﻏﺮد ﺧﺎرج اﻟﺴﺮب ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺪﯾﻦ ﺗﺪان 4 ﯾﻌﺮﻓﻮن اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﻮاﺣﺪ ﯾﺮوﻧﮫُ ً رﻏﻢ ّ ﻏﺮﯾﺐ اﻷطﻮار، رﺟﻼ ﺻﺎﻣﺘًﺎ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮﯾﻦ ِﻣّﻤﻦ ﻻ أن َ َ َ ً ً ّإﻻ أﻧّﮫ ﻟﻢ ُ طﻮﯾﻼ وﻧﺤﯿﻔًﺎ رﺟﻼ ﺪرﺳﺔ اﻟﺜّﺎﻧﻮﯾّﺔ اﻟﻤ ِ ﯾﻜﻦ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻗﻂ .ﻛﺎن اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﻮاﺣﺪ ﻣﺪﯾﺮ َ وﻗﺎر وھﯿﺒﺔ .ﻟﻢ ُ ﻓﻲ ّ ﺧﻔﯿﻒ اﻟﻈّّﻞ اﻟﺒﺪﯾﮭﺔ ﻓﺤﺴﺐ ﺑﻞ ﻛﺎن ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﯾﻜﻦ اﻟﺴﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﺮه ،وذا َ َ ِ ٍ ﯾﺘﻠﻮُن وﻻ ﯾﺘﻤﻠّ ُ ﻖ ذاﺗﮫ وﻣﻊ اﻵﺧﺮﯾﻦ .وﻛﺎن ُ ً ّﺘﮫ ،وﻻ ّ وﻣﺘﺴﺎﻣﺤﺎ ﻣﻊ ِ ﺎس ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺠﯿ ِ ﯾﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻨّ ِ ﺻﻐﺎرا ﯾﻠﺘﻘﯿﮫ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺎرﻋﻨﺎ وﺑﺎﺑﺘﺴﺎﻣﺔ ﺳﻤﺤﺎء ﻛﺎن ﯾُﺴﻠﱢﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻷﺣﺪ. وﻛﺒﺎرا .ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ذاﻛﺮﺗﮫُ ً ً ٍ ِ ُ ﯾﻌﯿﺶ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ. ظﮭﺮ ﻗﻠﺐ ﯾﻌﺮف ﻋﻦ درﺟﺔ أﻧّﮫ ﻛﺎن ﻗﻮﯾﺔً إﻟﻰ ُ أﺳﻤﺎء ﱢ اﻟﺼﻐﺎر ﻗﺒﻞ ِ ِ َ اﻟﻜﺒﺎر ﻓﻲ َ ِ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ ً ﯾﺘﺰوج ﻣﻨﺬ أن ﻋﮭﺪا ّأﻻ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﻮاﺣﺪ ﺣﯿﺎةً ﻣﻠﺆھﺎ اﻟﻮﺣﺪة ُ ّ واﻟﻌﺰﻟﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ أن َ ِ اﻟﻤﻈﺎھﺮ اﻷﺧﺸﺎب اﻟﺜّﺮي .ﻟﻘﺪ ﺧﺪﻋﺘﮭﺎ وﺗﺰوﺟﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻠﯿﻢ ﺗﺎﺟﺮ ﺗﺮﻛﺘﮫُ زوﺟﺘﮫُ اﻟﺤﺴﻨﺎء ﻓﺎﺗﻦ ُ ّ ِ وﻟﻢ ُ إﻟﯿﮫ ﺳﻮى ﻣﺎﻟﮫ ،إذ ّ ُ ﺑﺈدﻣﺎﻧﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﯾﻌﺮف إن اﻟﺠﻤﯿﻊ ﯾﻜﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻠﯿﻢ ﻣﻦ ِ اﻟﺨﺼﺎل ﻣﺎ ﯾﺠﺬﺑُﮭﺎ ِ ِ ﺮاز اﻷول ﻋﻠﻰ ّ ﻗﻮل ﻣﻦ زﯾﺮ ﻟﻌﺐ اﻟﻘﻤﺎر وﻋﻼﻗﺎﺗﮫ اﻟﻐﺮاﻣﯿِّﺔ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮة ،ﻓﮭﻮ ُ ٍ ِ ِ ﺣﺪ ِ ﻧﺴﺎء ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄّ ِ ھﻀﻢ ﱢ ﺧﻔﻲ ﻛﺎن أﻋﻈﻢ. إرث أﺑﯿﮭﻢ ،وﻣﺎ إﺧﻮﺗﮫ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻖ أﻗﺪم ﻋﻠﻰ ِ ِ ِ َ ﯾﻌﺮﻓﻮﻧﮫُ ،وﻓﻮق ذﻟﻚ ﻛﻠّﮫ َ اﻧﺘﮭﺎء ّ واﺣﺪ ﺗﺰوﺟﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺑﯿﻮم ﺳﺒﻌﺔ أﻋﻮام وﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﺮﻛﺖ ﻓﺎﺗﻦ اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﻮاﺣﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ ٍ ِ ِ ﻋﺪﺗﮭﺎ ٍ ﻧﻔﺴﮭﺎ ﺳﻠﯿﻢ .وھﻲ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻢ ﺗُﻘِﻢ وزﻧًﺎ ﻟﻌﺒﺪاﻟﻮاﺣﺪ وﻻ ﻟﺤﺒﮫ ﻟﮭﺎ وﻧﻜﺜﺖ َ ﻋﮭﺪھﺎ اﻟﺬي ﻗﻄﻌﺘﮫُ ﻋﻠﻰ ِ ِ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ّ واﻟﻀّﺮاء .وﻋﻠﻰ ّ ّ ﻣﻌﺎ ﻓﻲ ّ أن ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﻮاﺣﺪ اء ﺑﺄن ﺗﻜﻮن زوﺟﺔً ﻣﺤﺒّﺔً ﻟﮫ وأن ﯾﺒﻘﯿﺎ ً َ اﻟﺴّﺮ ِ ﱡ أﺻﺎﺑﻊ اﻟﻨّﺪم .ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﻌﺾ اﻟﯿﻮم وھﻲ ﻟﻢ ﯾﺨﻄﺮ ﺑﺒﺎل ﻓﺎﺗﻦ طﻮال ھﺬه اﻟﻔﺘﺮةّ ،إﻻ أﻧّﮭﺎ ﺗﺬﻛﺮﺗﮫُ َ َ َ طﻠّﻘَﮭﺎ ﺳﻠﯿﻢ ﺣﯿﻦ ﺳﻨﺤﺖ ﻟﮫ اﻟﻔﺮﺻﺔُ ّ اﻣﺮأة ﺛﺮﯾ ٍّﺔ وﺷﺎﺑّﺔ .ھﻜﺬا ھﻲ اﻟﺤﯿﺎة ،ﻛﻤﺎ واج ﻣﻦ ٍ ﺑﺎﻟﺰ ِ ﺗُﺪﯾﻦ ﺗﺪان. (1) Carefully read the text, then discuss how the idioms are used to convey the meaning. (2) Translate the text into English, making sure that your final translation reads like authentic English and reproduces the content and style of the text. DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-35 264 ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺪﯾﻦ ﺗﺪان (3) Express what you understand in Arabic by using the idioms appearing in the text. Ensure to use all the idioms from the text correctly. (4) Choose the correct idioms to fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences. 1 ّ ﯾﺘﻮﺧﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ اﻹﻧﺼﺎف واﻟﻌﺪاﻟﺔ ،ﻻ إﻧﮫ ﺷﺨﺺ ﯾﻌﺘﺪي ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﺎس وﻻ _______ أﺣﺪ. أ ب ج ﯾﻘﻄﻊ ً ﻋﮭﺪا ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺲ ﯾﮭﻀﻢ ﺣﻖ ﯾﻘﯿﻢ وزﻧًﺎ ﻟـِ 2 ﺧﺴﺎرﺗﻨﺎ اﻟﯿﻮم ﺗﺆﻛﺪ ﻛﻼﻣﻲ ،أﻋﺘﻘﺪ أﻧﻨﺎ أھﺪرﻧﺎ ﻓﺮﺻﺔ ذھﺒﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺎﻗﺪ ﻣﻊ ﻻﻋﺐ _______. أ ب ج ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﺮاز اﻷول ﻏﺮﯾﺐ اﻷطﻮار ﻋﻦ ظﮭﺮ ﻗﻠﺐ 3 ﺻﺪﯾﻘﺘﻨﺎ ھﯿﻔﺎء ﺗﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻋﻠﻰ طﺒﯿﻌﺘﮭﺎ وﻻ ﺗﺘﻜﻠﻒ .إﻧﮭﺎ إﻧﺴﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺴﯿﻄﺔ ﺗﺘﺼﺮف ____________. أ ب ج ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪ ﻗﻮﻟﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺠﯿﺘﮭﺎ 4 ﺑﺎﺧﺘﺼﺎر ﻓﺈن ھﺬا اﻟﻨﻈﺎم _____________ ﻟﻠﻘﻮاﻧﯿﻦ واﻷﻋﺮاف اﻟﺪوﻟﯿﺔ واﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﯿﺔ. أ ب ج ﻟﻢ ﺗﺨﺪﻋﮫ اﻟﻤﻈﺎھﺮ ﻻ ﯾﻘﯿﻢ وزﻧًﺎ ﻻ ﯾﺨﻄﺮ ﺑﺒﺎﻟﮫ 5 ﻛﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ طﻔﻮﻟﺘﻨﺎ ﻧﺤﺐ اﻟﻐﻨﺎء وﻧﺤﻔﻆ ﻛﻠﻤﺎت اﻷﻏﺎﻧﻲ واﻷﻧﺎﺷﯿﺪ ____________. أ ب ج ﻋﻦ ظﮭﺮ ﻗﻠﺐ وﻣﺎ ﺧﻔﻲ أﻋﻈﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺠﯿﺘﮭﺎ 6 ﯾﺸﺘﮭﺮ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﺮ ﺑﻤﻐﺎﻣﺮاﺗﮫ وﻋﻼﻗﺎﺗﮫ اﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﯿﺔ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮة، ﻣﺪﯾﺮا. إﻧﮫ _______ ﻗﺒﻞ أن ﯾﻜﻮن ً أ ب ج ﺣﺎﺿﺮ اﻟﺒﺪﯾﮭﺔ ﺧﻔﯿﻒ اﻟﻈﻞ زﯾﺮ ﻧﺴﺎء 7 ﻟﻄﺎﻟﻤﺎ وﻗﻒ اﻟﺒﻠﺪان اﻟﺸﻘﯿﻘﺎن ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﻤﺎ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ ______. أ ب ج وﻣﺎ ﺧﻔﻲ أﻋﻈﻢ ﻋﻦ ظﮭﺮ ﻗﻠﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﺮاء واﻟﻀﺮاء 265 The practice exercises 8 ﯾﻮﻣﺎ أﻧﻲ ﺳﺄﻗﻮم ﺑﺰﯾﺎرة اﻟﻘﺼﺮ _________ ً اﻟﻤﻠﻜﻲ وأﺗﺸﺮف ﺑﻠﻘﺎء ﺟﻼﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ. أ ب ج ﻟﻢ أﻗﯿﻢ وزﻧًﺎ ﻟﻢ ﯾﺨﻄﺮ ﺑﺒﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻢ ﺗﺨﺪﻋﻨﻲ اﻟﻤﻈﺎھﺮ 9 وﻓﻲ ﺧﻄﺒﺘﮫ أﻣﺎم اﻟﺠﻤﺎھﯿﺮ ______________ ﺑﺄن ﯾﺠﻌﻞ ھﺬه اﻻﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎت ﺑﺪاﯾﺔ ﻋﮭﺪ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ. أ ب ج ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪ ﻗﻮﻟﮫ ﻗﻄﻊ ً ﻋﮭﺪا ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ ھﻀﻢ ﺣﻘﮭﻢ 10 أﻋﺘﻘﺪ أن ﻟﺪﯾﻚ ﺧﺒﺮة طﻮﯾﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻨﺎس وﻟﻢ ﺗﻌﺪ _______. أ ب ج ﺗﺴﻨﺢ اﻟﻔﺮﺻﺔ ﺗﮭﻀﻢ ﺣﻘﻚ ﺗﺨﺪﻋﻚ اﻟﻤﻈﺎھﺮ 11 إن اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع اﻟﺴﺮي ﺗﺤﺖ اﻷرض ﯾﻨﺘﺞ اﻟﯿﻮراﻧﯿﻮم اﻟﻤﺨﺼﺐ و__________. أ ب ج ﻣﺎ ﺧﻔﻲ أﻋﻈﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﺮاز اﻷول ﻋﻦ ظﮭﺮ ﻗﻠﺐ 12 اﻟﺸﺨﺺ _________ ھﻮ اﻟﺬي ﯾﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻦ اﻵﺧﺮﯾﻦ وﻻ ﯾﻨﺪﻣﺞ ﺑﺴﮭﻮﻟﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻏﯿﺮه ﻣﻦ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص. أ ب ج ﺧﻔﯿﻒ اﻟﻈﻞ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ اﻟﺒﺪﯾﮭﺔ ﻏﺮﯾﺐ اﻷطﻮار 13 أذھﺐ ﻟﺰﯾﺎرﺗﮭﻢ واﻻطﻤﺌﻨﺎن ﻋﻠﯿﮭﻢ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ُ _________. أ ب ج ﺳﻨﺤﺖ اﻟﻔﺮﺻﺔ ﺧﺪﻋﺘﻨﻲ اﻟﻤﻈﺎھﺮ ﻧﻜﺜﺖ ﻋﮭﺪي 14 اﻟﺸﺨﺺ _______________ ھﻮ اﻟﺬي ﯾﺘﺠﺎوب ﺑﺼﻮرة ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﯿﺔ وﯾﺠﯿﺐ ﻣﻦ دون اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻔﻜﺮ. أ ب ج ﻏﺮﯾﺐ اﻷطﻮار ﺧﻔﯿﻒ اﻟﻈﻞ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ اﻟﺒﺪﯾﮭﺔ 15 ﻟﻘﺪ آذت واﻟﺪﺗﮭﺎ وأﺗﻌﺒﺘﮭﺎ ﺣﯿﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺷﺎﺑﺔ ،واﻟﯿﻮم ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ ﺑﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ ،ﺣﻘًﺎ اﺑﻨﺘﮭﺎ ﺗﺆذﯾﮭﺎ وﺗﺘﻌﺒﮭﺎ ً أ ب ج ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﺮاز اﻷول ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺪﯾﻦ ﺗﺪان وﻣﺎ ﺧﻔﻲ أﻋﻈﻢ ____________. 266 ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺪﯾﻦ ﺗﺪان ﻏﺮﯾﺐ اﻷطﻮار ﺧﻔﯿﻒ اﻟﻈﻞ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ اﻟﺒﺪﯾﮭﺔ أ ب ج اﻟﺸﺨﺺ _______ ھﻮ ﺷﺨﺺ ﯾﺘﻤﯿﺰ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺮح .ﻋﺎل ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻜﺎھﺔ ٍ وﻟﺪﯾﮫ ﺣﺲ 16 ﺧﻄﺮ ﺑﺒﺎﻟﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪ ﻗﻮﻟﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﻨﺎ أ ب ج ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ وﻗﺖ وﻗﻮع اﻟﺠﺮﯾﻤﺔ ً ﻧﺤﻦ ﻟﺴﻨﺎ ﻣﺘﺄﻛﺪﯾﻦ وﻟﻜﻦ ____________ وﻗﻌﺖ اﻟﺠﺮﯾﻤﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ .ﻣﺴﺎء اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻨﺔ واﻟﺘﺎﺳﻌﺔ ً 17 ﻧﻜﺚ ﻋﮭﺪه ﺧﺪﻋﺘﮫ اﻟﻤﻈﺎھﺮ أﻗﺎم وزﻧًﺎ أ ب ج ____ ﺑﻌﺪ أن اﺳﺘﻠﻢ اﻟﻤﺎل ﻣﻦ ﺗﺎﺟﺮ اﻟﺤﺒﻮب اﻟﻤﺰارع _____ وﻟﻢ ﯾﺴﻠﻤﮫ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﺤﺼﻮل ﻣﻦ .اﻟﻘﻤﺢ 18 ﺧﺪﻋﺘﮫ اﻟﻤﻈﺎھﺮ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺑﺒﺎﻟﮫ ﻋﺾ أﺻﺎﺑﻊ اﻟﻨﺪم أ ب ج ﻟﻘﺪ طﻠﻖ اﻟﺮﺟﻞ زوﺟﺘﮫ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﻏﻀﺐ وﻟﻜﻨﮫ .________ ﺳﺮﻋﺎن ﻣﺎ 19 ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺠﯿﺘﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪ ﻗﻮﻟﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﮫ أ ب ج أﻋﺮب اﻟﻤﺨﺮج اﻟﺴﯿﻨﻤﺎﺋﻲ ﻋﻦ اﺳﺘﯿﺎﺋﮫ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪم اﺣﺘﺮام اﻟﻤﻤﺜﻠﺔ اﻟﺸﺎﺑﺔ ﻟﮫ وﺣﺬر ﺑﺄن ”ﻟﻠﺼﺒﺮ .______ “ﺣﺪود 20 (5) Translate the following sentences into Arabic. Translate the words in bold into one of the idioms of this unit. 1 It had never crossed my mind to leave the field of engineering. 2 My neighbour is a weird guy; I advise you to stay away from him. 3 Do you think you can transform a womaniser into a devoted husband? 4 As far as I know, they have left the house for good. 5 She was quite humorous, and we enjoyed our time with her 6 We made a pledge to ourselves that we will never leave this town, come what may. 7 I asked my students to learn these phrases by heart. 8 The spokesperson was quick-witted and knew how to answer him. 267 The practice exercises 9 If you get the chance to visit Granada, don’t miss the magnificent Madrasah of Granada. 10 There was a complete withdrawal, according to the spokesperson. 11 Years later, she bitterly regretted what she has done to her father. 12 Some governments show disregard for human rights. 13 Their new textbook shows them to be frst-rate authors. 14 Couples are expected to stick together through thick and thin. 15 He can’t be himself when he is with us. 16 Today everything is based on image. Don’t be deceived by looks! 17 They are going through the same suffering they put us through. What goes around comes around. (6) Use the idioms of this unit in sentences of your own. This practice exercise covers the following Arabic idioms: ھﻀﻢ ﺣﻘﮫ/ ﺑﺨﺲ زﯾﺮ ﻧﺴﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﮫ وﻣﺎ ﺧﻔﻲ أﻋﻈﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﺮاء واﻟﻀﺮاء ﺧﻄﺮ ﺑﺒﺎﻟﮫ 268 ﻋﻦ ظﮭﺮ ﻗﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪ ﻗﻮﻟﮫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﺮاز اﻷول ﻗﻄﻊ ﻋﮭﺪًا ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ ﺧﺪﻋﺘﮫ اﻟﻤﻈﺎھﺮ ﻧﻜﺚ ﻋﮭﺪه اﻟﺬي ﻗﻄﻌﮫ ﺳﻨﺤﺖ اﻟﻔﺮﺻﺔ ﻏﺮﯾﺐ اﻷطﻮار ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺪﯾﻦ ﺗﺪان ﺣﺎﺿﺮ اﻟﺒﺪﯾﮭﺔ ﺧﻔﯿﻒ اﻟﻈﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺠﯿﺘﮫ ﻻ ﯾﻘﯿﻢ ﻟﮫ وزﻧًﺎ ﻋﺾ أﺻﺎﺑﻊ اﻟﻨﺪم اﻟﺘﺤﺪﯾﺎت اﻟﺒﯿﺌﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ 5 اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ أﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﻣﻌﺪودةً ﯾﺒﺪو ّ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ واﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺎت اﻟﺨﻀﺮاء ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟَﻢ اﻟﻐﺎﺑﺎت أن أﯾﺎم ّ ِ ِ ِ اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ اﻟﻄّﺒﯿﻌﯿّﺔُ اﺳﺘﻤﺮار ّ ُ ّ ّ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ،ﺣﯿﺚ ﺗﻌﺎﻧﻲ ھﺬه ﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﻤﺮاﻧﻲ اﻟﻌ اﻟﺰﺣﻒ ُ واﻟﺼ ّ ّ ِ اﻹھﻤﺎل واﻟﺘّ وﺿﻊ ﻻ ﯾُﺤﺴﺪ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔً ﺑﻤﺎ ﻋﺎﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﺎم ،وأﺻﺒﺢ أﻏﻠﺒُﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺮاﺟﻊ ً ِ ٍ ِ وﺗﻔﺮض اﻟﺘّ ُ ﺤﺪﯾﺎت ّ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﻓﻲ ّ اﻟﺪﯾﻤﻮﻏﺮاﻓﯿّﺔُ واﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﯾّﺔُ واﻟﺠﯿﻮﺳﯿﺎﺳﯿّﺔُ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ. ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ُ ِ اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﺗﺖ أﻛﺜﺮ ھﺸﺎﺷﺔً أﻣﺎم اﻟﺘّﻐﯿّﺮات اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺧﯿّﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ﺿﻐﻮطًﺎ ﻛﺒﯿﺮةً ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ّ ِ ُ ﻧﻔﺴﮭﺎ ُ أزﻣﺎت ﻣﻮاﺟﮭﺔ ﺗﻘﻒ وﺟﮭًﺎ ﻟﻮﺟﮫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ وﺟﺪت اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ .وﻗﺪ ٍ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ َ ّ ِ ِ ُ ً ﻣﺮور اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻣﻤﺎ ﯾﺠﻌﻞ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺒﻠﺪان ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎب ﻗﻮﺳﯿﻦ أو أدﻧﻰ ﺗﻌﻘﯿﺪا ﻣﻊ وﺗﺰداد ﺑﯿﺌﯿﺔ ﺧﻄﯿﺮة ٍ ِ اﻧﮭﯿﺎر ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮاردھﺎ اﻟﻤﺎﺋﯿِّﺔ واﻟﻐﺬاﺋﯿّﺔ. ﻣﻦ ٍ اﻟﺨﺒﺮاء ّ ُ ُ ﺟﻤﺎح اﻷزﻣﺎت أو اﻟﻜﻮارث ﻟﻜﺒﺢ ﺗﻤﺘﻠﻚ وﻗﺘًﺎ ﻛﺎﻓﯿًﺎ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ﻻ أن ﺑﻠﺪان اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ وﯾﺆﻛﺪ ُ ّ ِ ِ ُ ت ّ ﱡ ﺮف ﯿﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺴ ﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘﻲ ُ ﺗﻐﺾ اﻟﻄّ َ اﻷﺿﺮار اﻟﺒﯿﺌﯿﺔ .وذﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﺪ أن ّأد ِ ِ اﻟﻌﺸﻮاﺋﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ ّ اﻟﺒﯿﺌﻲ ،واﻟﺘّ ّ ّ اﻟﺰراﻋﯿّﺔ ،واﻹﺳﺮاف اﻟﺤﻀﺮي ﻤﺪد ﻠﻮث ّ ّ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘّ ِ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﻮارد اﻟﻤﺎﺋﯿّﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻻ ﺗُﺤﻤﺪ ُﻋﻘﺒﺎھﺎ .وﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ ﺗﻼﻓﻲ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﺨﺎطﺮ ّ ﻓﺈن ﻓﻲ ِ إﺟﺮاءات ّ واﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ اﻟﺒﯿﺌﻲ ﻠﻮث ﺳﺒﯿﻞ ﺎﻟﺔ وﻋﺎﺟﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺐ اﻟﻘﯿﺎم ذﻟﻚ ﯾﺘﻄﻠّ ُ إﯾﻘﺎف اﻟﺘّ ﱡ ﻓﻌ ٍ ٍ ّ ِ ِ ِ ِ ﺗﻤﻨﻊ إﻟﺤﺎق ﺑﺘﺸﺮﯾﻊ ﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻦ ﺻﺎرﻣﺔ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺎت ﺧﻀﺮاء .وﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺒﻘّﻰ ﻣﻦ ُ ٍ ِ ُ ّ اﻟﺤﺴﺒﺎن اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﯿﺠﯿﺎت ﻹدارة اﻟﻤﻮارد اﻟﻤﺎﺋﯿّﺔ ﺮر ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ اﻟﻄّﺒﯿﻌﯿّﺔ ،وﺗﻔﻌﯿﻞ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﻓﻲ ُ ٍ اﻟﻀ ِ اﻷوﺿﺎع وﺧﻄﻮرﺗﮭﺎّ ،إﻻ ّ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﯿﺎه .وﻋﻠﻰ ّ ﺑﺼﯿﺼﺎ ﻣﻦ أن اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻮء ﺗﺮﺷﯿﺪ ً َ ِ ِ ُ ً اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎت اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿّﺔُ أﻛﺜﺮ وﻋﯿًﺎ ﯾﻠﻮح ﻓﻲ اﻷﻓﻖ ﺣﯿﺚ أﺻﺒﺤﺖ اﻷﻣﻞ اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ ﻟﺤﻤﺎﯾﺔ واﺳﺘﻌﺪادا ُ ِ ِ ِ ً ً ﻗﻮﻻ وﻋﻤﻼ. (1) Carefully read the text, then discuss how the idioms are used to convey the meaning. (2) Translate the text into English, making sure that your final translation reads like authentic English and reproduces the content and style of the text. 269 DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-36 The practice exercises (3) Express what you understand in Arabic by using the idioms appearing in the text. Ensure to use all the idioms from the text correctly. (4) Choose the correct idioms to fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences. 1 رﺣﺐ ﻣﻨﺪوب اﻷﻣﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺌﻨﺎف اﻟﻤﺤﺎدﺛﺎت وأﻛﺪ أﻧﮫ ﻗﺮار ﺟﯿﺪ ﯾﻤﻨﺤﻨﺎ ______________. أ ب ج ﻗﺎب ﻗﻮﺳﯿﻦ أو أدﻧﻰ ﺑﺼﯿﺼﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻣﻞ ً ﻏﺾ اﻟﻄﺮف 2 إن ﻣﻌﺎھﺪ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﯿﻘﻰ واﻟﻔﻨﻮن ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل ____________ ﻣﻨﺬ أن رﻓﻊ اﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﻋﻨﮭﺎ وأﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺗﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﺺ ﻓﻲ اﻷﺳﺎﺗﺬة واﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﺘﻌﻠﯿﻤﯿﺔ. أ ب ج ﻻ ﺗﻠﻮح ﻓﻲ اﻷﻓﻖ ﻻ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺴﺒﺎن ﻻ ﺗﺤﺴﺪ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ 3 ً طﻮﯾﻼ، أﺳﺘﺒﻌﺪ أﻧﮫ ﺳﯿﺒﻘﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﻠﺲ إدارة اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻗﺎدم و_____________ ﺑﻼ ﺷﻚ. أ ب ج ﻻ ﺗﺤﺴﺪ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ أﯾﺎﻣﮫ ﻣﻌﺪودة ﻻ ﺗﻠﻮح ﻓﻲ اﻷﻓﻖ 4 اﻟﺘﻘﻰ ﻗﺎدة اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ___________ ﻓﻲ ﻣﮭﻤﺔ ﻋﺎﺟﻠﺔ ﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ اﻷوﺿﺎع اﻟﺮاھﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ. أ ب ج وﺟﮭًﺎ ﻟﻮﺟﮫ ً ً وﻋﻤﻼ ﻗﻮﻻ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺒﯿﻞ 5 أﻛﺪت ﻋﺪة ﺗﻘﺎرﯾﺮ أن اﻟﺒﻠﺪ اﻟﯿﻮم _____________ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪﺧﻮل ﻓﻲ أزﻣﺔ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدﯾﺔ ﯾﺼﻌﺐ اﻟﺨﺮوج ﻣﻨﮭﺎ. أ ب ج أﯾﺎﻣﮫ ﻣﻌﺪودة ﻻ ﺗﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﻘﺒﺎه ﻗﺎب ﻗﻮﺳﯿﻦ أو أدﻧﻰ 6 وﯾﻘﺎل إن اﺗﺤﺎد اﻟﻤﺼﺎرف ﻛﺎن ﻗﺪ ____________ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻼت ﻣﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﺗﻌﻮد إﻟﻰ رﺟﺎل أﻋﻤﺎل ﻣﺘﮭﻤﯿﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺴﺎد. أ ب ج ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺴﺒﺎن ﯾﻠﻮح ﻓﻲ اﻷﻓﻖ ﻏﺾ اﻟﻄﺮف ﻋﻦ 270 اﻟﺘﺤﺪﯾﺎت اﻟﺒﯿﺌﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ 7 ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮزارة اﻻﻟﺘﺰام ___________ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن وﺑﺄﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﺪﺳﺘﻮر وﻟﻤﺎ ﻓﯿﮫ ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﻮاطﻦ. أ ب ج ﻓﻲ ﺳﺒﯿﻞ ﻗﻮﻻ وﻋﻤﻼً ً ﻛﺒﺢ ﺟﻤﺎح 8 ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻜﺎن اﻷرض اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ وإﻻ ﺳﯿﺘﻌﺮض اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ إﻟﻰ ﻛﻮارث وأﺿﺮار أ ب ج ﻻ ﺗﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﻘﺒﺎھﺎ أﯾﺎﻣﮭﺎ ﻣﻌﺪودة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺴﺒﺎن 9 ذﻛﺮ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻷﻏﺬﯾﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ أن ﻋﺪد ﻣﻦ ﯾﻌﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻮع ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻗﺪ ارﺗﻔﻊ وأن أزﻣﺔ ﻣﺠﺎﻋﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﯿﺔ __________. أ ب ج ﺗﻜﺒﺢ ﺟﻤﺎﺣﮭﺎ ﻻ ﺗﺤﺴﺪ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﺗﻠﻮح ﻓﻲ اﻷﻓﻖ 10 ﻋﻠﯿﻨﺎ أن ﻧﺘﻜﺎﺗﻒ وﻧﻮﺣﺪ اﻟﺠﮭﻮد أ ب ج ﻓﻲ ﺳﺒﯿﻞ ﻗﺎب ﻗﻮﺳﯿﻦ أو أدﻧﻰ ﺗﻠﻮح ﻓﻲ اﻷﻓﻖ وﻗﺪ أدت ظﺮوف ﺟﻮﯾﺔ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ ______ إﻟﻰ ﺗﺄﺟﯿﻞ أ ب ج وﺟﮭًﺎ ﻟﻮﺟﮫ ﺗﻠﻮح ﻓﻲ اﻷﻓﻖ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺴﺒﺎن وﻗﺪ أﺷﺎد اﻟﺰﻋﯿﻢ اﻟﺮوﺣﻲ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﺋﻔﺔ ﺑﺠﮭﻮد أﺗﺒﺎع أ ب ج ﻓﻲ ﻛﺒﺢ ﺟﻤﺎح ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺴﺒﺎن ﻓﻲ ﺑﺼﯿﺺ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻣﻞ ____________. __________ﻣﻮاﺟﮭﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﺪﯾﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﯿﺔ. 11 ﺗﺪﺷﯿﻦ اﻓﺘﺘﺎح اﻟﻤﻄﺎر اﻟﺪوﻟﻲ. 12 طﺎﺋﻔﺘﮫ ____________ اﻟﺘﻄﺮف ﻓﻲ ﺑﻠﺪه. (5) Translate the following sentences into Arabic. Translate the words in bold into one of the idioms of this unit. 1 Many believe that her days are numbered because her boss cannot stand her anymore. 2 I don’t think he can attend the interview in person. Can we find an?other way 271 The practice exercises 3 Everything else could be sacrificed in order to protect the lives of the hostages. 4 The economic situation has put many companies in a bad position. 5 The CEO claims the company is close to agreeing a new contract with the rival company. 6 My responsibility is to advocate for sustainable methods, in words and actions. 7 The widening gap between the rich and the poor will lead to terrible consequences. 8 This initiative provides a glimmer of hope for the struggling businesses. 9 An even larger crisis is looming on the horizon. 10 The authorities know smuggling is taking place and turn a blind eye. 11 The government has made greater efforts to rein in extremist groups. 12 Prison management should take into account the health conditions of the inmates. (6) Use the idioms of this unit in sentences of your own. This exercise covers the following Arabic idioms: أﯾﺎﻣﮫ ﻣﻌﺪودة ﻻ ﺗﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﻘﺒﺎھﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺒﯿﻞ ﺑﺼﯿﺺ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻣﻞ 272 ﻗﺎب ﻗﻮﺳﯿﻦ أو أدﻧﻰ ﻛﺒﺢ ﺟﻤﺎح ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺴﺒﺎن ﻏﺾ اﻟﻄﺮف ﻋﻦ ﻻح ﻓﻲ اﻷﻓﻖ ﻻ ﯾﺤﺴﺪ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ً ً وﻋﻤﻼ ﻗﻮﻻ وﺟﮭًﺎ ﻟﻮﺟﮫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﯾﻐﻠﺐ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ أﻣﺮه 6 ﻟﻠﻮھﻠﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﺗﺒﺪو ﻗﺼﺔُ َ ﻧﺴﺞ اﻟﺨﯿﺎل ّإﻻ إﻧّﮭﺎ ﻗﺼﺔٌ ﺣﻘﯿﻘﯿّﺔ .ﻛﺎن اﻷﺧﻮﯾﻦ طﻼل وﺑﻼل ﻣﻦ ِ ِ ﺻﻌﺐ اﻟﻤﺮاس، اﻷﺧﻮان طﻼل وﺑﻼل ﻋﻠﻰ طﺮﻓﻲ ﻧﻘﯿﺾ .ﻓﻄﻼل اﻷخ اﻷﻛﺒﺮ ﻛﺎن ﻋﺪواﻧﯿًﺎ َ ِ وﯾﻜﯿﻞ إﻟﯿﮫ ّ ﱠ أﻣﺎ ﺑﻼل ﻏﻀﺒﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺎم ﺷﻲء ُ أﺧﯿﮫ ﺑﻼل ﯾﻀﺮﺑﮫُ إن أﻏﻀﺒﮫُ ٌ اﻟﺸﺘﺎﺋﻢّ . ِ ِ ﺻﺐ َ وﻣﺜﯿﺮا ّ ﻟﻠﺸﻔﻘﺔ .وﻋﻠﻰ ّ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ أﻣﺮه وﻣﻨﻄﻮﯾًﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ طﺎﻟﻌﮫ ﻓﻘﺪ أﺻﺒﺢ ﻣﻐﻠﻮﺑًﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻠﺴﻮء ً ِ ِ ِ ُ ّ ّ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻤﺖ وﻻ ﯾﻨﺒﺲ ﯾﻠﻮذ ﻣﺴﺘﺴﻠﻤﺎ، أﺧﯿﮫ طﻼل ّإﻻ أﻧّﮫ ﻛﺎن اﻷﻣﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻦ أﻧّﮫ ﻛﺎن ﯾﻠﻘﻰ ِ ً ﺑﺒﻨﺖ ﺷﻔﺔ. ِ ُ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺘﮫ ﻟﮭﻤﺎ ،ﺣﻨﻮﻧًﺎ وﻋﻄﻮﻓًﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ طﻼل ﯾﻜﯿﻞ ﺑﻤﻜﯿﺎﻟﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺣﯿﺎﺗﮫ واﻟﺪھﻤﺎ أﺛﻨﺎء ﻛﺎن ُ ِ ِ ً ﯾﺠﺪ ﻏﻀﺎﺿﺔً ﻷﺗﻔﮫ اﻷﻣﻮر وﻟﻢ ُ ﯾﻜﻦ ُ داﺋﻢ اﻟﻐﻀﺐ ﯾﺮﻋﺪ وﯾﺒﺮق ِ وﻓﻈّﺎ وﻗﺎﺳﯿًﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻼل .ﻛﺎن َ ﻣﺒﺮﺣﺎ .وھﻜﺬا أﺻﺒﺢ واﺑﻨﮫ ﺑﻼل أو ﺿﺮﺑﮭﻤﺎ ﺿﺮﺑًﺎ زوﺟﺘﮫ أم طﻼل ﺑﺈھﺎﻧﺔ ﯾﻘﻮم ﻓﻲ أن ً ِ ِ ِ َ ْ طﻼل ﺻﻮرة طﺒﻖ اﻷﺻﻞ ﻋﻦ واﻟﺪه ،ﻓﺎﻟﻮﻟﺪ ّ ﺳﺮ أﺑﯿﮫ ﻓﯿﻤﺎ ﯾﺒﺪو .وﻗﺪ ﻣﺮارا ﺣﺎوﻟﺖ ّأم طﻼل ً ّ ﺟﮭﻮدھﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ ذھﺒﺖ ﻓﺎت اﺑﻨﮭﺎ طﻼلّ ،إﻻ أن وﺑﻄﺮق ﺷﺘّﻰ أن ﺗُﺼﻠﺢ ﻣﻦ وﺗﻜﺮارا ً َ ﺗﺼﺮ ِ ٍ وﻟﺪﯾﮭﺎ ،ﻷﻧّﮭﺎ ھﻲ اﻷﺧﺮى ﺳﺪى ،وﻟﻢ ﺣﺎل َ ِ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻊ أن ﺗﻐﯿّﺮ ﺷﯿﺌًﺎ ،وﺑﻘﯿﺖ ﻣﻜﺘﻮﻓﺔَ اﻟﯿﺪﯾﻦ إزاء ِ ٌ أﻣﺮھﺎ. ﻣﻐﻠﻮب ﻋﻠﻰ ِ (1) Carefully read the text, then discuss how the idioms are used to convey the meaning. (2) Translate the text into English, making sure that your final translation reads like authentic English and reproduces the content and style of the text. (3) Express what you understand in Arabic by using the idioms appearing in the text. Ensure to use all the idioms from the text correctly. (4) Choose the correct idioms to fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences. 273 DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-37 The practice exercises 1 ﺗﺒﺪو رواﯾﺘﮫ اﻷﺧﯿﺮة _____ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﺗﻜﻮن إﻋﺎدة ﺻﯿﺎﻏﺔ ﻟﻤﻮاﺿﯿﻊ ﻣﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ رواﯾﺎت ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮة ،وﻟﻜﻦ ﺳﺮﻋﺎن ﻣﺎ ﺗﺪرك ﺗﻤﯿﺰھﺎ. أ ﻟﻠﻮھﻠﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ب ﺻﻮرة طﺒﻖ اﻷﺻﻞ ج ﻣﻐﻠﻮب ﻋﻠﻰ أﻣﺮھﺎ ﻟﻢ أﺳﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺑﻘﺮاءة ھﺬه اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر وﻟﻢ أﺳﺘﻔﺪ ﻣﻨﮭﺎ وﻗﺪ أ ﻟﻘﻲ اﻷﻣﺮﯾﻦ ب ذھﺐ ﺳﺪى ج ﻋﻠﻰ طﺮﻓﻲ ﻧﻘﯿﺾ ﻧﺤﻦ ﻧﺮى أن إداﻧﺘﻜﻢ اﻟﺤﺎدة ﻷﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺸﻐﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻠﺪ أ ﻧﺴﺞ ﺧﯿﺎل ب ﻋﻠﻰ طﺮﻓﻲ ﻧﻘﯿﺾ ج ﺻﻮرة طﺒﻖ اﻷﺻﻞ 4 ﻻ أﺳﺘﻄﯿﻊ أن ______ و أﻧﺎ أﺷﺎھﺪ اﺑﻨﻲ ﯾﺪﻣﺮ ﺣﯿﺎﺗﮫ. أ أﻛﯿﻞ ﻟﮫ اﻟﺸﺘﺎﺋﻢ ب أﻧﺒﺲ ﺑﺒﻨﺖ ﺷﻔﺔ ج أﻗﻒ ﻣﻜﺘﻮف اﻟﯿﺪﯾﻦ 5 ﻻ ____ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻨﺎس _____ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻈﮭﻮر ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ ﺗﻠﻔﺰﯾﻮﻧﯿﺔ واﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻤﺎ ﯾﺠﺮي ﻓﻲ ﺑﯿﻮﺗﮭﻢ. أ ﯾﺠﺪ ﻏﻀﺎﺿﺔ ب ﯾﺮﻋﺪ وﺗﺒﺮق ج ﯾﻨﺒﺲ ﺑﺒﻨﺖ ﺷﻔﺔ 6 ﯾﺮى اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻠﻮن اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺳﯿﻮن أن اﻟﺠﯿﺶ ﺣﺎﻟﯿًّﺎ _____ إذ إن ﻟﯿﺲ ﺑﻮﺳﻌﮫ ّإﻻ أن ﯾﻨﻔﺬ أواﻣﺮ اﻟﻘﯿﺎدات اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺳﯿﺔ واﻟﻤﯿﻠﯿﺸﯿﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﺒﻠﺪ. ﻣﻨﻄﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ أ ٍ ب ﯾﻜﯿﻞ ﺑﻤﻜﯿﺎﻟﯿﻦ ج ﻣﻐﻠﻮب ﻋﻠﻰ أﻣﺮه 7 ﺑﻌﺪ أن ﺷﺎھﺪ ﻓﺮﯾﻘﮫ اﻟﺬي ﻛﺎن ﯾﺸﺠﻌﮫ ﯾﺨﺴﺮ اﻟﻤﺒﺎراة ّ اﻷﻣﺮﯾﻦ أ ﻟﻘﻲ ب ﺻﺐ ﺟﺎم ﻏﻀﺒﮫ ج ﻛﺎل ﺑﻤﻜﯿﺎﻟﯿﻦ وﻣﻨﺬ اﻟﺤﺎدث اﻟﺬي أودى ﺑﺤﯿﺎة ﺧﻄﯿﺒﺘﮫ أﺻﺒﺢ اﻟﺸﺎب ً ﻣﻨﻌﺰﻻ و______ وﻻ ﯾﺘﺤﺪث إﻟﻰ أﺣﺪ. أ ﯾﻘﻒ ﻣﻜﺘﻮف اﻟﯿﺪﯾﻦ ب ﻣﻨﻄﻮﯾًﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ ج ﯾﺮﻋﺪ وﯾﺒﺮق 2 أﺳﻔﺖ ﻏﺎﯾﺔ اﻷﺳﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ وﻗﺘﻲ اﻟﺬي ______ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺮاءﺗﮭﺎ. 3 وﻣﻮﻗﻔﻜﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺮود ﺗﺠﺎه اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻌﻨﯿﻔﺔ ھﻤﺎ _____. ﺣﻄﺎﻣﺎ. _____ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﮭﺎز اﻟﺘﻠﻔﺎز ،ﻛﺴﺮه وﺟﻌﻠﮫ ً 8 274 ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﯾﻐﻠﺐ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ أﻣﺮه 9 إن اﻻﺑﻦ ﯾﺸﺒﮫ أﺑﺎه ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲءً ، ﻓﻌﻼ ﺗﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﺔ ______. أ ﻋﻠﻰ طﺮﻓﻲ ﻧﻘﯿﺾ ب ﻻ ﯾﻨﺒﺲ ﺑﺒﻨﺖ ﺷﻔﺔ ج اﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﺳﺮ أﺑﯿﮫ 10إن أﻣﻚ _______ ،ﻓﮭﻲ ﺗﺮﯾﺪك أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﺎﺳﯿًﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ زوﺟﺘﻚ وﻟﻜﻨﮭﺎ ﺗﺮﯾﺪ زوج أﺧﺘﻚ أن ﯾﻜﻮن ﻋﻄﻮﻓًﺎ ﻣﻊ زوﺟﺘﮫ. أ ﺗﻠﻘﻰ اﻷﻣﺮﯾﻦ ب ﺗﻜﯿﻞ ﺑﻤﻜﯿﺎﻟﯿﻦ ج ﺗﺮﻋﺪ وﺗﺒﺮق 11ﯾﺎ إﻟﮭﻲ ،إن ھﺬا اﻟﻨﮭﺮ ھﻮ _______ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﮭﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻼدي. أ ﺻﻌﺐ اﻟﻤﺮاس ب ﺻﻮرة طﺒﻖ اﻷﺻﻞ ﻣﻨﻄﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ ج ٍ 12اﻧﺘﺒﮫ ﺟﯿ ًّﺪاّ ، إن اﻟﻤﺪﯾﺮ _______ وﻻ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺘﻔﺎھﻢ ﻣﻌﮫ ﺑﺴﮭﻮﻟﺔ. أ ﻋﻠﻰ طﺮﻓﻲ ﻧﻘﯿﺾ ب ﻣﺜﯿﺮ ﻟﻠﺸﻔﻘﺔ ج ﺻﻌﺐ اﻟﻤﺮاس 13ﺳﺄل اﻟﻮاﻟﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺳﺒﺐ اﻷﺛﺮ اﻷﺣﻤﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺪ وﻟﺪه ،وﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﻮﻟﺪ ________. أ ذاق اﻷﻣﺮﯾﻦ ب ﻟﻢ ﯾﻨﺒﺲ ﺑﺒﻨﺖ ﺷﻔﺔ ج ﺻﺐ ﺟﺎم ﻏﻀﺒﮫ 14وﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ ________ ﻋﻨﺪ دﺧﻮﻟﻲ اﻟﺒﻠﺪ أن اﺳﻤﻲ ﻛﺎن ﯾﺸﺒﮫ اﺳﻢ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﻟﻠﻌﺪاﻟﺔ. أ ﺳﻮء طﺎﻟﻌﻲ ب ﻧﺴﺞ ﺧﯿﺎﻟﻲ ج ﻋﻠﻰ طﺮﻓﻲ ﻧﻘﯿﺾ 15ﻟﻘﺪ _______ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺘﻤﯿﯿﺰ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻟﻮن ﺑﺸﺮﺗﮫ اﻟﺴﻤﺮاء. أ وﻗﻒ ﻣﻜﺘﻮف اﻟﯿﺪﯾﻦ ب ذھﺐ ﺳﺪى ج ذاق اﻷﻣﺮﯾﻦ 16إن اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﻜﺎﯾﺎت واﻟﻤﺂﺛﺮ اﻟﺘﺎرﯾﺨﯿﺔ ھﻲ ﻣﻦ ّ اﻟﻘﺼﺎﺻﯿﻦ. ______ أ ﺳﻮء طﺎﻟﻊ ب ﻧﺴﺞ ﺧﯿﺎل ج ﺻﻮرة طﺒﻖ اﻷﺻﻞ 275 The practice exercises أ ﺗﺬوق اﻷﻣﺮﯾﻦ ب ﺗﻜﯿﻞ اﻟﺸﺘﺎﺋﻢ ج ﺗﻠﻮذ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻤﺖ إﻧﻚ، أوﺻﯿﻚ أن _______ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﯾﺄﺗﻲ اﻟﻀﯿﻮف17 .ﺗﺨﺠﻠﻨﺎ ﺑﻜﺜﺮة ﻛﻼﻣﻚ أ ﻣﺜﯿﺮ ﻟﻠﺸﻔﻘﺔ ﻣﻨﻄﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻚ ب ٍ ج ﺻﻌﺐ اﻟﻤﺮاس ّ ﻟﻘﺪ18 إﻧﻚ ﺣﻘًﺎ،ﻋﺮﺿﺖ ﻧﻔﺴﻚ ﻟﻠﺨﻄﺮ ﻣﺮةً أﺧﺮى أ ﻛﺎل ﺑﻤﻜﯿﺎﻟﯿﻦ ب ﺻﺐ ﺟﺎم ﻏﻀﺒﮫ ج ﻛﺎل اﻟﺸﺘﺎﺋﻢ . ____ اﻟﺒﺒﻐﺎء ﻟﻲ _____ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ أﻋﻄﯿﺘﮫ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻠﻮز19 أ ﻟﻠﻮھﻠﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ب ﯾﺮﻋﺪ وﯾﺒﺮق ج ﯾﻜﯿﻞ ﺑﻤﻜﯿﺎﻟﯿﻦ ّ ً وﻣﺘﻮﻋًﺪا ﺣﺎﻟﻤﺎ ﯾﺒﺪأ ﻣﮭﺪدا _______ إن ھﺬا اﻟﺮﺟﻞ20 .ﺑﻤﻌﺎﻗﺮة اﻟﺨﻤﺮ .______ (5) Translate the following sentences into Arabic. Translate the words in bold into one of the idioms of this unit. 1 The two sisters have exactly opposite temperaments; one is very sociable while the other tends to be quiet and keeps to herself. 2 She suffered at his hand for years. 3 He is a person hard to deal with, but he definitely has good manners. 4 Is the story real, or is it a fgment of their imagination? 5 She was a powerless woman who did not dare to utter a word. 6 He has no right to heap insults on this poor man. 7 My dad is a carbon copy of my grandad. 8 We cannot stand idly by while we see people dying everywhere. 9 He is an avid reader like his dad; as the saying goes “like father like son.” 10 When he does not know what to say he keeps silent. 11 He took his anger out on his secretary, who misplaced the documents. 12 It was his misfortune that he became king in time of war. 276 ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﯾﻐﻠﺐ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ أﻣﺮه 13 The man was a pitiful sight; I almost cried when I saw him. 14 Their sacrifices will never go in vain. 15 The minister was one of those who were thundering away against the reforms. 16 He sees nothing to prevent him from taking advantage of his friends. 17 His latest painting seems at frst sight to be similar to the Guernica. 18 Don’t you see that you are adopting a double-standard on this subject? (6) Use the idioms of this unit in sentences of your own. This practice exercise covers the following Arabic idioms: ﻟﻠﻮھﻠﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻻ ﯾﺠﺪ ﻏﻀﺎﺿﺔ ﻣﻨﻄ ٍﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ ﯾﻜﯿﻞ ﺑﻤﻜﯿﺎﻟﯿﻦ وﻗﻒ ﻣﻜﺘﻮف اﻟﯿﺪﯾﻦ ﺻﻮرة طﺒﻖ اﻷﺻﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ طﺮﻓﻲ ﻧﻘﯿﺾ ذھﺐ ﺳﺪى ﺻﻌﺐ اﻟﻤﺮاس ﺻﺐّ ﺟﺎم ﻏﻀﺒﮫ ﻛﺎل ﻟﮫ اﻟﺸﺘﺎﺋﻢ اﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﺳﺮ أﺑﯿﮫ ذاق اﻷﻣﺮّﯾﻦ/ﻟﻘﻲ ﻣﻐﻠﻮب ﻋﻠﻰ أﻣﺮه ﻧﺴﺞ اﻟﺨﯿﺎل ﯾﺮﻋﺪ وﯾﺒﺮق ﻣﺜﯿﺮ ﻟﻠﺸﻔﻘﺔ ﺳﻮء اﻟﻄﺎﻟﻊ ﻻذ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻤﺖ/ ﻟﻢ ﯾﻨﺒﺲ ﺑﺒﻨﺖ ﺷﻔﺔ 277 اﻟﻠﺒﺎن اﻟﻌﻤﺎﻧﻲ 7 اﻟﻤﻼﺋﻤﺔ ﺮﺑﺔ ﻟﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﻧﻈﺮا ﺗﺸﺘﮭﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ظﻔﺎر ﻣﻨﺬ اﻟﻘِﺪم ُ ﺑﺰراﻋﺔ اﻟﻠّﺒﺎن ً ِ اﻟﻤﻨﺎخ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ واﻟﺘّ ِ ِ ِ ِ أﻏﻠﺐ اﻟﻨّ ّ واﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﯿِّﺔ ﺸﺎطﺎت اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﯾِّﺔ ﺒﺎن ﻓﻲ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺷﺠﺮﺗﮫ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ. ﻟﻨﻤﻮ ُ ُ ﱢ ِ ِ ﺗﺘﻤﺤﻮر ﺣﻮل اﻟﻠّ ِ ﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺗﻀﺮب ﺑﺠﺬورھﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎدات واﻟﺘﻘﺎﻟﯿﺪ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿّﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ واﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻖ اﻟﺘّﺎرﯾﺦ .إذ ﯾُ ُ ِ ُ ِ ُ اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﺎت اﻟﺘّﺎرﯾﺨﯿّﺔ إﻟﻰ ّ أن ﺸﯿﺮ ﻛﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ ﯾﻮﻣﻨﺎ ھﺬا ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎت ھﻨﺎك .وﺗُ ُ ُ ِ ﺒﺎن إﻟﻰ ِ ﺑﺨﻮر اﻟﻠّ ِ ٍ اﻟﻘﻮاﻓﻞ اﻟﺘّﺠﺎرﯾّﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻨﻄﻠﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ وﺑﺎر ﻓﻲ ُﻋﻤﺎن وھﻲ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻠّﺒﺎن إﻟﻰ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ أﻧﺤﺎء ﻣﻘﺪﺳﺔً ُﻌﺪ ﻣﺎدةً ّ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻘﺪﯾﻢ .وﻗﺪ ﻛﺎن اﻟﻠّﺒﺎن ﯾ ّ ﱡ ﻠﺐ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺮوﻣﺎن واﻟﻤﺼﺮﯾﯿﻦ ﯾﺸﺘﺪ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ اﻟﻄّ ُ واﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎﺗﮫ اﻟﻌﻼﺟﯿ ِّﺔ ّ اﻟﻘﺪﻣﺎء ،وﻛﺎن ﯾ ُ واﻟﺪﯾﻨﯿّﺔ. ﻟﺨﻮاﺻِﮫ ﻧﻈﺮا ُﺒﺎع ﱢ ﺑﺄﺳﻌﺎر ﺧﯿﺎﻟﯿ ٍّﺔ ً َ ِ ٍ ﺒﺎن ﻛﻠّﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻧﻘﯿًﺎ وﺧﺎﻟﯿًﺎ ﻣﻦ ّ ً ﯾﺮﺗﻔﻊ ُ ّ ﻣﺎﺋﻼ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺸﻮاﺋﺐ، وﯾﻘﻞ ﻛﻠّﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻟﻮﻧﮫُ ُ ﺛﻤﻦ اﻟﻠّ ِ َ ُ ٌ ﯾﺘﻤﯿﺰ ﻟﺒﺎن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ،ﺣﯿﺚ ﻤﺎﻧﻲ اﻻﺣﻤﺮار أو ﺒﺎن ُ اﺧﺘﻠﻂ ﺑﺸﻮاﺋﺐ .وﻻ ﯾﻀﺎھﻲ اﻟﻠّ َ اﻟﻌ ّ ِ أﻧﻮاﻋﮫ ّ ﺑﻜﻞ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﯾﯿﺲ وھﻮ ٌ ﻓﺈن ﺟﻮدة ﻓﺒﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ أﻣﺮ ﻻ ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺮاغ. ﺑﺠﻮدﺗﮫ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﱢ ِ ِ ِ ِ طﺮﯾﻘﺔَ اﻟﻌﻤﺎﻧﯿﻮن ﺒﺎن اﺳﺘﺨﺮاﺟﮫ َ ِ ُ رﻓﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﻮاه .إذ ﯾﺤﺬو ﻣﺰارﻋﻮ اﻟﻠّ ِ ﺗﺴﺎھﻢ ھﻲ اﻷﺧﺮى ﻓﻲ ِ ُ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاﺟﮫ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺷﺠﺎر ،وھﻲ ﺣﺮﻓﺔٌ ﯾﺘﻮارﺛﻮﻧَﮭﺎ أﺑًﺎ ﻋﻦ ّ وﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﺟﺪ ﺣﺬو أﺳﻼﻓِﮭﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻛﯿﻔﯿ ِّﺔ ِ َ وﺗﺤﺘﺎج ﻋﻤﻠﯿّﺔُ ً وﺟﻤﻌﮫ ﺧﺒﺮةً ﻛﺒﯿﺮة، ﺒﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻷﺷﺠﺎر ﺟﮭﺪھﻢ. ﻛﺒﯿﺮا ﻣﻦ ﺣﯿﺰا ُ ً ِ ِ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج اﻟﻠّ ِ ِ ّ وﻧﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ ّ ُ ُ اﻟﺸﺠﺮة دون وﻓﯿﺮ إﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺰارع ﻣﻦ ﯾﺘﻤﻜَﻦ وﺗﺴﺘﻐﺮق وﻗﺘًﺎ ﻛﻲ ّ ِ ٍ ٍ وﺗﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔُ ﻟﺤﺎء ّ ً ً إﻟﺤﺎق ّ روﯾﺪا روﯾﺪا ﺠﺮة ﻛﺸﻂ ﺒﺎن ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ِ اﻟﺸ ِ ِ ﺮر ﺑﮭﺎ .ﱡ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج اﻟﻠّ ِ ِ اﻟﻀ ِ ِ ُ ّ ُ وﻟﻌﺪة ّ ّ ﺠﺮة ﻓﺘﺮات ات ،وﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ، أداة ٍ ٍ ﻣﺮ ٍ وﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ٍ ﯾﺘﻢ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﺤﻔﯿﺰ اﻟﺸ ِ ﻣﺘﻘﺎرﺑﺔ ،ﺣﯿﺚ ﱡ ِ ِ ُ ﺑﻔﺎرغ ّ ﻟﯿﺠﻤﻌﮭﺎ ﻓﯿﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ. ﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﺰارع ﺗﺼﻠّﺒَﮭﺎ ﯾﻨﺘﻈﺮ ﻟﺰﺟﺔ ﻣﺎدة ُ ٍ ﻹﻓﺮاز ٍ َ اﻟﺼ ِ ِ ِ (1) Carefully read the text, then discuss how the idioms are used to convey the meaning. (2) Translate the text into English, making sure that your final translation reads like authentic English and reproduces the content and style of the text. DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-38 278 اﻟﻠﺒﺎن اﻟﻌﻤﺎﻧﻲ (3) Express what you understand in Arabic by using the idioms appearing in the text. Ensure to use all the idioms from the text correctly. (4) Choose the correct idioms to fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences. 1 ﯾﻨﺘﻈﺮ اﻟﻄﻼب ______ إﻋﻼن ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﯾﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ. أ ب ج ً ً روﯾﺪا روﯾﺪا ﺑﻔﺎرغ اﻟﺼﺒﺮ ﺑﻜﻞ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﯾﯿﺲ 2 ____ اﻟﺸﺄن اﻟﻔﻠﺴﻄﯿﻨﻲ _____ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺤﺎدﺛﺎت اﻟﻄﺮﻓﯿﻦ. أ ب ج اﺳﺘﻐﺮق وﻗﺘًﺎ أﺧﺬ ً ﻛﺒﯿﺮا ﺣﯿﺰا ً ﺿﺮب ﺑﺠﺬوره 3 إن ظﺎھﺮة اﻟﻜﺮم ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻌﺮب ___________ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻖ اﻟﺘﺎرﯾﺦ. أ ب ج ﺗﺤﺬو ﺣﺬو ﻻ ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺮاغ ﺿﺎرﺑﺔ ﺟﺬورھﺎ 4 ً ﺷﺪﯾﺪا ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮاء اﻟﻤﻌﻘﻤﺎت وھﺬا _______ ﻛﺎن اﻹﻗﺒﺎل ﻓﮭﻨﺎك إﺷﺎﻋﺎت ﻋﻦ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﻣﺮض وﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ. أ ب ج ﺑﻜﻞ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﯾﯿﺲ ﺑﻔﺎرغ اﻟﺼﺒﺮ ﻻ ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺮاغ 5 وطﺎﻟﺒﺖ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻮزارات أن ____________ وزراة اﻟﺸﺆون واﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺒﻨﺖ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ رﻗﻤﯿﺔ ﺣﺪﯾﺜﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻼت اﻟﯿﻮﻣﯿﺔ. أ ب ج ﺗﺤﺬو ﺣﺬو ﺗﺄﺧﺬ ً ﻛﺒﯿﺮا ﺣﯿﺰا ً ﺗﻀﺮب ﺑﺠﺬورھﺎ 6 وﺑﺪأت اﻟﺤﯿﺎة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻌﺎب اﻟﻤﺮﺟﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﺗﻌﻮد إﻟﻰ طﺒﯿﻌﺘﮭﺎ ___________ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻄﮭﯿﺮه ﻣﻦ ﺗﺴﺮب اﻟﺰﯾﺖ. أ ب ج ﺑﻔﺎرغ اﻟﺼﺒﺮ ﺑﻜﻞ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﯾﯿﺲ ً ً روﯾﺪا روﯾﺪا 7 ﺑﻼ ﺷﻚ إن ﻧﻌﻤﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﺔ ____________ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﺟﻮد، ﺣﯿﺚ إﻧّﻚ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻔﻘﺪ اﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ أن ﺗﻨﻌﻢ ﺑﺄي ﺷﻲء آﺧﺮ. أ ب ج ﻻ ﯾﻀﺎھﯿﮭﺎ ﺷﻲء ﻻ ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺮاغ ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﻐﺮق وﻗﺘًﺎ 279 The practice exercises ﺑﻔﺎرغ اﻟﺼﺒﺮ ﺑﻜﻞ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﯾﯿﺲ ً ً روﯾﺪا روﯾﺪا أ ب ج إن ﺗﻘﺪﯾﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻮﻗﯿﻦ ھﻮ ﻋﻤﻞ إﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ .___________ 8 ً ﯾﺄﺧﺬ ﻛﺒﯿﺮا ﺣﯿﺰا ً ﯾﺴﺘﻐﺮق وﻗﺘًﺎ ﻻ ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺮاغ أ ب ج ً إن ﺗﺼﻠﯿﺢ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ ھﺬه اﻵﻻت ﯾﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺟﮭﺪا وﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻊ أن .ً____________ طﻮﯾﻼ 9 (5) Translate the following sentences into Arabic. Translate the words in bold into one of the idioms of this unit. 1 Our success will pave the way for other organisations to follow suit. 2 Tourism and Hospitality will take a long time to get back on their feet. 3 The result is awesome by all standards and measures. 4 I heard that these issues took up a considerable amount of court time. 5 This kind of lens provides outstanding clarity unmatched by any worldwide. 6 The real estate market is slowly rebounding. 7 This is not a recent phenomenon; its roots go way back into the past. 8 We waited with bated breath to hear the court’s ruling. 9 The claims for garlic for better health did not come out of a vacuum. The doctor said that garlic can combat sickness. (6) Use the idioms of this unit in sentences of your own. This practice exercise covers the following Arabic idioms: ﺑﻜﻞ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﯾﯿﺲ ﻻ ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺮاغ ﺣﺬا ﺣﺬو 280 ً أﺧﺬ ﻛﺒﯿﺮا ﺣﯿﺰا ً ً ً روﯾﺪا روﯾﺪا ﺑﻔﺎرغ اﻟﺼﺒﺮ ﺿﺮﺑﺖ ﺑﺠﺬورھﺎ ً ﯾﺴﺘﻐﺮق وﻗﺘﺎ ﻻ ﯾﻀﺎھﯿﮫ ﺷﻲء اﻟﻮﻋﺪ واﻟﺨﺒﺎز 8 ﯾﻌﻤﻞ ﺧﺒّ ً ﻛﺎن وﻟﯿﺪ ﻟﯿﻜﺴﺐ ﺪر اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻄﺎع ﻟﺤﻲ اﻟﺬي ﯾﺴﻜﻦ ﻓﯿﮫ ،وﻛﺎن ُ ُ َ ﯾﻌﻤﻞ ﻗ َ ﺎزا ﻓﻲ ﻣﺨﺒﺰ ا ّ ً ُ ﱡ ﯾﺠﻌﻞ ﺑﺎﻟَﮫ ﯾﮭﺪأ ﻟﺤﻈﺔ، ﯾﻘﺾ ﻣﻀﺠﻌﮫُ وﻻ ذات اﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﮫ .ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺎن ﺟﻞ ﺑﻨﺎِء ُ ﺿﯿﻖ ِ ِ ﻣﺎﻻ ﻣﻦ أ ِ ﺻﺎ أﻧّﮫ ﻗﺪ ّ ﯾﺠﻤﻊ ﺛﺮوةً وﯾﺘﺰوَج ﻗﺒﻞ أن َ ﯾﺒﻠﻎ اﻟﺜّﻼﺛﯿﻦ أﺳﻮةً ﺑﺄﻗﺮاﻧِﮫ اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﺮه. ﻓﻜﺮ أن ﺧﺼﻮ ً َ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ اﻟﻤﺨﺒﺰ أن ﯾُ ّ ﯾﻔﻘﺪ وﻟﯿﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﮫُ ،ﺑﻌﺪ أن ّ ﻋﻤﻠﮫ ﺴﺮﺣﮫُ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮر ﺗﺸﺎء وﻟﻜﻦ ُ ُ اﻷﻗﺪار أن َ ُ ِ ّ ﯾﻒ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ .ﺟﻠﺲ وﻟﯿﺪ ﯾ ّ ّ ً ﻣﺆﺧًﺮا ﻣﻦ ّ ﻗﺪَم ﻒ ُﻔﻜﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺧﺒﺎزا أرﺧﺺ ﻣﻨﮫ ً ﻛﻲ ﯾﻮظ َ اﻟﺮ ِ أﺟﺮا ِ ﻋﻤﻞ دون ﻓﺎﺋﺪة .وﻗﺪ طﺮأت ﻟﮫ ﻓﻜﺮةٌ ﺗﺤﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻠَﮫُ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﯿّﺔ ،ﺑﻌﺪ أن طﺎﻟﺖ ﻓﺘﺮةُ طﺮﯾﻘﺔ ﱡ ﺑﺤﺜﮫ ﻋﻦ ٍ ِ ٍ ﺣﺎل أﻓﻀﻞ .ﻓﻘﺪ ّ ﺗﺬﻛﺮ ّ اﻟﺤﺎج ُﺷﻜﺮي وھﻮ ُ ّ اﻷﻏﻨﯿﺎء ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ أﺣﺪ أن ﻗﺪ ﺗُﻐﯿﱢﺮ ﻣﻦ ِ ِ ﺣﺎﻟﮫ إﻟﻰ ٍ ُ ظﻦ وﻟﯿﺪ ّ ﻛﺒﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎل ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﮭﺎ .وﻗﺪ ّ ﱞ أن ھﺬا ﻣﺒﻠﻎ ﻟﺪﻓﻊ ﺑﻜﻠﯿﺘﮫ ،وھﻮ ع ﯾﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﱢ ِ ٍ ٍ ﻣﺘﺒﺮ ٍ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺪ ِ ّ وﻛﺜﯿﺮا ﻣﺎ أﺣﻼﻣﮫ. ﺧﻼﻟﮫ أن ﯾﺤﻘﱢﻖ ﯾﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺎص ﺑﮫ ﻣﺨﺒﺰ اﻣﺘﻼك ﺳﯿﻤﻜﻨﮫُ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺒﻠﻎ ُ ﱟ ً ِ ِ َ ٍ ﻧﻔﺴﮫُ ّ ُ ﻛﻞ ﯾﻮم ،ﺑﻌﺪ ﯾﻌﺪ أرﺑﺎﺣﮫ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮة ﯾﺴﺘﻐﺮق ﻓﻲ ﻛﺎن وﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﺴﺎء ﱢ أﺣﻼم اﻟﯿﻘﻈﺔ وھﻮ ﯾﺮى َ َ ِ ُ وﯾﻘﻒ أﻣﺎم ﻣﺨﺒﺰه ﺑﺄﻧﻮاﻋﮫ، ﯾﺼﻨﻊ اﻟﺨﺒﺰ اﻟﻄﯿّﺐ ﻣﺨﺒﺰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ، ﺻﺎﺣﺐ أﻓﻀﻞ أن أﺻﺒﺢ ُ َ ِ ٍ ٌ ٌ طﻮﯾﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨّﺎس. طﺎﺑﻮر ّ ﯾﺒﯿﻊ إﺣﺪى اﻟﺘﻘﻰ وﻟﯿﺪ ﺑِﻤﻌﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﻟﺤﺎج ُﺷﻜﺮي اﻟﺬي اﺳﺘﻘﺒﻠﮫُ ﻣﺮﺣﺒًﺎ واﺗّﻔﻖ ﻣﻌﮫُ ﻋﻠﻰ أن َ ﯾﺘﻢ ّ اﻧﺘﮭﺎء اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿّﺔ ،وأن اﻟﺪﻓﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻛﻠﯿﺘﯿﮫ ﻟﻠﺤﺎج ُﺷﻜﺮي َ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻋﺸﺮة آﻻف دﯾﻨﺎر ،ﻋﻠﻰ أن ﱠ ِ ِ اﻟﻜﺘﻤﺎن. ﯾﺒﻘﻰ ُ اﻷﻣﺮ ﱠ طﻲ ِ وﺗﻤﺎﺛﻞ اﻟﺤﺎج ﺷﻜﺮي ّ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﺮا ﺗﺤﻘّﻖ واﺣﺪة ﺑﻜﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺸﻔﺎء ،وﺑﻘﻲ وﻟﯿﺪ ﻧﺠﺤﺖ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔُ، ً ٍ ٍ َ ِ ٌ اﻟﻮﻋﺪّ ، ٌ وﺷﮭﺮ وﺷﮭﺮان وﻟﻢ ﯾﺴﺘﻠﻢ وﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻦ ﺳﻮى أﺳﺒﻮع وأﺳﺒﻮﻋﺎن، اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﻣﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ِ اﻟﻮﻋﻮد اﻟﻜﺎذﺑﺔ .ﺑﺪأ وﻟﯿﺪ ّ ﻧﻘﻮدهُ ،أو رﺑّﻤﺎ ﯾﻈﻦ اﻟﻈّﻨﻮن ﺑﻤﻌﻦ واﻟﺤﺎج ﺷﻜﺮي ،ﻓﺮﺑّﻤﺎ ﺳﺮق ﻣﻌﻦ َ ً َ أﺻﻼ .ﺷﻌﺮ ﺑﺄﻧّﮫ ّ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻧﺼﺐ وﺧﺪاع ،ﻓﮭﻮ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﺗﻌﺮض اﻟﻤﺒﻠﻎ ﻟﻢ ﯾﺪﻓﻊ اﻟﺤﺎج ﺷﻜﺮي ٍ ِ ِ أﺣﺲ ّ ﱠ أن ﻣﻌﺪﻧَﮭﻤﺎ ظﮭﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ واﻟﺤﺮﻣﺎن اﻟﺬي ﯾﻌﯿﺸﮫُ ُﺳﺮﻗﺖ ﻣﻨﮫ إﺣﺪى ﻛﻠﯿﺘﯿﮫ. إﻟﻰ اﻟﻔَﻘﺮ ِ ﺻﻮاب وﻟﯿﺪ وھﻮ ّ ﯾﻔﻜﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺎل اﻟﺘﻲ وﺻﻞ إﻟﯿﮭﺎ، ﺑﻮﻋﺪھﻤﺎ ﻟﮫ .طﺎر ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺘﮫ وأﻧّﮭﻤﺎ ﻟﻦ ﯾﻔِﯿﺎ ُ ِ ِ ّ ﯾﺴﺘﺤﺼﻞ ﻣﺎﻟَﮫُ ﻣﻨﮭﻤﺎ ﻣﮭﻤﺎ ﻛﻠّﻔﮫُ اﻷﻣﺮ. وﻗﺮر أن َ 281 DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-39 The practice exercises (1) Carefully read the text, then discuss how the idioms are used to convey the meaning. (2) Translate the text into English, making sure that your final translation reads like authentic English and reproduces the content and style of the text. (3) Express what you understand in Arabic by using the idioms appearing in the text. Ensure to use all the idioms from the text correctly. (4) Choose the correct idioms to fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences. 1 ﺳﺄﺣﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﮭﺎدة اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮراه __________. أ ﻣﮭﻤﺎ ﻛﻠﻒ اﻷﻣﺮ ب أﺳﻮةً ﺑﮭﺎ ج طﻲ اﻟﻜﺘﻤﺎن 2 وﺑﻌﺪ ﻗﺮاءﺗﻲ ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺎب _________ أن أﺗﺮﺟﻤﮫ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ ﻟﯿﺴﺘﻔﯿﺪ ﻣﻨﮫ اﻟﻘﺮاء اﻟﻌﺮب. أ ظﮭﺮ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ ب طﺎر ﺻﻮاﺑﻲ ج طﺮأت ﻟﻲ ﻓﻜﺮة 3 ﻣﻌﺪﺗﻲ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﺔ ً ﺟﺪا ﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻒ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺒﻘﻮل واﻟﺤﺒﻮب وﻟﺬﻟﻚ أﺣﺎول أن أﺗﺠﻨﺒﮭﺎ __________. أ ﺣﯿﻦ ﺷﺎء اﻟﻘﺪر ب طﻲ اﻟﻜﺘﻤﺎن ج ﻗﺪر اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻄﺎع 4 __________ اﻟﻮزﯾﺮ ﺣﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﺎﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﻓﯿﺪﯾﻮ ﻻﺑﻨﮫ وھﻮ ﯾﺘﻌﺎطﻰ اﻟﻤﺨﺪرات ﻓﻲ ﺟﻠﺴﺔ ﺳﻤﺮ ﻣﻊ اﻷﺻﺪﻗﺎء. أ ﻗﺾ ﻣﻀﺠﻊ ب طﺎر ﺻﻮاب ج طﻲ اﻟﻜﺘﻤﺎن 5 ______ اﻟﺰوﺟﺔ ﺑﺰوﺟﮭﺎ ______ ﺑﻌﺪ أن رأت أﺣﻤﺮ اﻟﺸﻔﺎه ﻋﻠﻰ ﯾﺎﻗﺔ ﻗﻤﯿﺼﮫ. أ ﺷﺎء اﻟﻘﺪر ب ظﻨﺖ ﺑﮫ اﻟﻈﻨﻮن ج ﻗﺾ ﻣﻀﺠﻌﮭﺎ 6 ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺒﺎرات اﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﯾﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﻤﺤﺎوﻟﺔ اﻻﻏﺘﯿﺎل وﻟﻜﻨﮭﺎ أﺑﻘﺖ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت __________. أ طﻲ اﻟﻜﺘﻤﺎن ب ﺿﯿﻖ ذات اﻟﯿﺪ ج ﺗﻘﺾ ﻣﻀﺠﻌﮭﺎ 282 اﻟﻮﻋﺪ واﻟﺨﺒﺎز 7 ﻟﻘﺪ ﺳﺎﻧﺪ ﯾﻮﻧﺲ ﺻﺪﯾﻘﮫ ووﺛﻖ ﺑﮫ ﺛﻘﺔ ﻋﻤﯿﺎء ّإﻻ أن ﺻﺪﯾﻘﮫ ________ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻟﻢ ﯾﻘﻒ ﻣﻌﮫ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺪﺗﮫ. أ وﻓﻰ ﺑﻮﻋﺪه ب طﺮأت ﻟﮫ ﻓﻜﺮة ج ظﮭﺮ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﮫ 8 ﻟﻢ ﯾﻜﻦ ﺑﺒﺎل زﯾﺎد أن اﺳﺘﯿﻼءه ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎل اﻷﯾﺘﺎم ﺳﯿﺘﺤﻮل إﻟﻰ ﻛﺎﺑﻮس __________ طﻮال ﺣﯿﺎﺗﮫ. أ ﯾﻔﻲ ﺑﻮﻋﺪه ب ﯾﻘﺾ ﻣﻀﺠﻌﮫ ج ﯾﻈﻦ اﻟﻈﻨﻮن 9 ﯾﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﺟﺎرﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ _______ وﻗﺪ ﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﺑﺠﻤﻊ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﺎل ﻟﮫ ﻟﯿﺸﺘﺮي ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻠﺰﻣﺎت. أ ﺿﯿﻖ ذات اﻟﯿﺪ ب طﻲ اﻟﻜﺘﻤﺎن ج ظﮭﻮر ﻣﻌﺪﻧﮫ 10ﻟﻤﺎذا ﻻ ﯾﺤﺘﻔﻞ اﻟﻨﺎس ﺑﻌﯿﺪ اﻷب وﯾﻘﺪﻣﻮن اﻟﮭﺪاﯾﺎ ﻟﻶﺑﺎء _________ ﻋﯿﺪ اﻷم؟ أ ﻗﺪر اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻄﺎع وﻓﺎء ﺑﻮﻋﺪ ب ً ً ج أﺳﻮة ﺑــِ 11إن رﺋﯿﺲ اﻟﺠﻤﮭﻮرﯾﺔ ﻟﻢ ________ اﻻﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﻲ اﻟﺬي ﻗﻄﻌﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ وﻟﮭﺬا اﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﻻ ﯾﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ اﻟﻮﺛﻮق ﺑﻜﻠﻤﺘﮫ. أ ﯾﺸﺎء اﻟﻘﺪر ﯾﻒ ﺑﻮﻋﺪه ب ِ ج ﯾﻈﮭﺮ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﮫ 12ھﺎﺟﺮ واﻟﺪھﻢ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺨﺎرج ﻟﺘﺄﻣﯿﻦ ﻟﻘﻤﺔ ﻋﯿﺶ ﻛﺮﯾﻤﺔ وﻟﻜﻦ _________ أن ﯾﺘﻮﻓﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﻔﺮه ﺑﺄﺳﺒﻮع إﺛﺮ ﺟﻠﻄﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪﻣﺎغ. أ طﺮأت ﻟﮭﻢ ﻓﻜﺮة ب طﺎر ﺻﻮاﺑﮭﻢ ج ﺷﺎء اﻟﻘﺪر (5) Translate the following sentences into Arabic. Translate the words in bold into one of the idioms of this unit. 1 It was after she married him that she showed her true colours. 2 The company is aiming to minimise job losses as far as possible. 3 As I started my journey into entrepreneurship, a new idea occurred to me. 4 Even professionals are suffering from fnancial hardship amid the recession. 283 The practice exercises 5 We shall not let the foreign agenda succeed, whatever it may cost. 6 He went mad when he learnt that his best friend betrayed him. 7 Our school received financial support, as did other schools in the area. 8 With good communication, no party will harbour any suspicious thoughts for the other. 9 Thinking about the medical test results kept her up all night. 10 I was crying because I thought at first that my mother didn’t keep her promise. 11 By a stroke of fate, we met again after 20 years. 12 The formula of the scent stayed a secret for so long until she was able to get her hands on it. (6) Use the idioms of this unit in sentences of your own. This practice exercise covers the following Arabic idioms: طﻲ اﻟﻜﺘﻤﺎن ﻗﺾ ﻣﻀﺠﻌﮫ ﻣﮭﻤﺎ ﻛﻠﻒ اﻷﻣﺮ ﺿﯿﻖ ذات اﻟﯿﺪ 284 ﺷﺎء اﻟﻘﺪر ِأﺳﻮةً ﺑـ طﺎر ﺻﻮاﺑﮫ وﻓﻰ ﺑﻮﻋﺪه ﻗﺪر اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻄﺎع ظﮭﺮ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﮫ ظﻦ اﻟﻈﻨﻮن طﺮأت ﻟﮫ ﻓﻜﺮة ﻧﺎدي اﻟﻮاﺣﺔ ﯾﻌﻮد اﻟﻘﮭﻘﺮى ﻓﻲ ﻋﻘﺮ داره 9 ﻓﻨﻮن ُﻛﺮة اﻟﻘﺪم درﺳﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻘّﻦ ﻧﺎدي اﻷﺑﻄﺎل اﻟﺮﯾﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﻀﯿﻔَﮫُ ﻧﺎدي اﻟﻮاﺣﺔ اﻟﺮﯾﺎﺿﻲ ً ِ ﺑﻌﺪ أن َ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ اﻟﺠﻮﻟﺔ داره ﺑﻨﺘﯿﺠﺔ ) (1–2ﯾﻮم اﻟﺨﻤﯿﺲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﻓﻲ ِﺧﺘﺎم ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻘﺮ ﻓﺎز ِ ِ ِ ِ اﻻﻧﺘﺼﺎر ﻣﻔﺎﺟﺌًﺎ ﻻ ﺳﯿّﻤﺎ ّ واﻟﻌﺸﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻦ ﱠ وأن ﻧﺎدي ﻟﻜﺮة اﻟﻘﺪم .وﺟﺎء ھﺬا اﻟﻮطﻨﻲ اﻟﺪوري ُ ّ ِ اﻷﺑﻄﺎل ّ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻷﺧﯿﺮ. ﺳﻨﻮات ﻓﻲ ﺛﻼث ﺮاوح ﻣﻜﺎﻧَﮫُ ﻣﻨﺬ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ُ ظﻞ ﯾُ ٍ ِ ِ ﻻﻋﺐ ھﺠﻮم ﻧﺎدي اﻷﺑﻄﺎل رﻛﻠﺔَ ﺟﻤﮭﻮر ﻧﺎدي اﻟﻮاﺣﺔ ّ أھﺪر اﻟﺼﻌﺪاء ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺲ ُ ُ َ وﻗﺪ ﺗﻨﻔّ َ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ ّ ﺑﺪاﯾﺔ ّ أﺣﻜﻢ ﻧﺎدي ﻮط اﻟﺜّﺎﻧﻲ اﻷول ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ اﻟﻤﺒﺎراة .وﻓﻲ ﻮط ﺟﺰاء ﻓﻲ ٍ اﻟﺸ ِ ِ اﻟﺸ ِ ِ ِ َ ﺧﻼل ھﺪﻓﯿﻦ ّ اﻟﻼﻋﺒﺎن ﻛﺮﯾﻢ أﺑﻮ ﺣﻨﻚ ﺳﺠﻠَﮭﻤﺎ ﻣﺠﺮﯾﺎت اﻷﻣﻮر ﻣﻦ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ِ اﻷﺑﻄﺎل ﻗﺒﻀﺘَﮫُ ً ِ ِ وﻓﺎﯾﺰ أﺑﻮ ﺷﻨﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘّﻮاﻟﻲ .وﻗﺪ ّ وﺣﯿﺪ ھﺪف ﺗﺴﺠﯿﻞ اﻟﻼﻋﺐ اﻟﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﺣﻤﯿﺪ أﺑﻮ راس ﻣﻦ ﺗﻤﻜﻦ ُ ٍ ٍ ِ َ وﺟﮫ ﻧﺎدي اﻟﻮاﺣﺔ ﻓﻲ ّ اﻟﺪﻗﺎﺋﻖ اﻷﺧﯿﺮة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺒﺎراة. ﻣﺎء ِ ﺣﻔﻆ ِ ﺑﮫ َ ﻟﻘﺎء ﻟﮫُ ﻣﻊ وﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻹﻋﻼم ّ وﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻤﺒﺎراة ﻗﺎل ّ إن ﻓﺮﯾﻘَﮫُ ﻟﻢ ﯾﺤﺎﻟﻔَﮫُ ﻣﺪر ُ ب ﻧﺎدي اﻟﻮاﺣﺔ ﻓﻲ ٍ اﻟﺤﻆّ ﻓﻲ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﺒﺎراة ،وﻟﻜﻨّﮫُ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ ّ ُ ﺑﺴﻤﻌﺘﮫ ﻓﻲ ھﺬا ﯾﻠﯿﻖ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى ﻋﺎﻟﯿًﺎ ﻗﺪم ً ِ وﺷﻚ ﺣﺴﻢ ﻟﻘﺐ ّ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺳﻢ ّ اﺑﻊ ﻟﻜﺮة اﻟﻘﺪم اﻟﻮطﻨﻲ اﻟﺪوري اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻢ .وﻛﺎن ﻧﺎدي اﻟﻮاﺣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ّ ِ ِ ِ اﻟﺮ ِ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺴﺎت ھﺬه اﻟﺠﻮﻟﺔ. ﺿﻤﻦ اﻟﺴﺪرة اﻧﺘﺼﺎرا ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘّﻮاﻟﻲ ،ﺑﻌﺪﻣﺎ ﺣﻘّﻖ ﺿﯿﻔﮫ ﻧﺎدي ﱢ ً َ ِ ِ وﻛﺎن أﺑﺮز ﻣﺎ ّ اﻟﻤﻠﻮﻧﺔ ،وﻛﺬﻟﻚ اﻟﺒﻄﺎﻗﺎت ﺻﻔﻮ اﻟﻤﺒﺎراة ھﻲ اﻟﺘّﺪﺧﻼت اﻟﻌﻨﯿﻔﺔ وﻛﺜﺮة ﻋﻜﺮ ﱠ ِ َ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﻣﻦ زﺟﺎﺟﻲ ﻛﺒﯿﺮ إﻟﻘﺎء ﺑﺮطﻤﺎن إﺛﺮ إﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﻣﮭﺎﺟﻢ اﻷﺑﻄﺎل ﯾﻮﻧﺲ أﺑﻮ ذراع ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﻔﮫ َ ّ ِ ِ ِ أﺛﺎر ﺣﻔﯿﻈﺔَ ّ اﺿﻄﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ إﺛﺮھﺎ ﻟﺘﻠﻘّﻲ اﻟﻌﻼج ،ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪرﺟﺎت ﺟﻤﮭﻮر ﻧﺎدي اﻟﻮاﺣﺔ ٍ ﻣﺸﮭﺪ َ ِ ﻋﺰﯾﻤﺔ ﻧﺎدي اﻷﺑﻄﺎل ﺣﯿﺚ ّ ﺟﻤﮭﻮر ﻧﺎدي اﻷﺑﻄﺎل وﻏﻀﺒَﮫّ .إﻻ ّ ﺗﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ أن ذﻟﻚ ﻟﻢ ﯾُﺜﺒﻂ ﻣﻦ ِ إزاﺣﺔ ﻧﺎدي اﻟﻮاﺣﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘّ ﱡ ﻷرﺑﻊ ﺳﻨﻮات. دام ﺮﺑِﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ِ ﻋﺮش اﻟﻜﺮة اﻟﺬي َ ِ ِ (1) Carefully read the text, then discuss how the idioms are used to convey the meaning. (2) Translate the text into English, making sure that your final translation reads like authentic English and reproduces the content and style of the text. 285 DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-40 The practice exercises (3) Express what you understand in Arabic by using the idioms appearing in the text. Ensure to use all the idioms from the text correctly. (4) Fill the blanks with a suitable idiom from the list of idioms of this unit. 1 وﻛﺎن اﻟﻘﺮار ﺑﺈﻟﻐﺎء اﻣﺘﯿﺎزات اﻟﻤﻮظﻔﯿﻦ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﯿﯿﻦ ﻗﺪ أ أﺛﺎر ﺣﻔﯿﻈﺔ ب ﺗﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﺼﻌﺪاء ج أﺣﻜﻢ ﻗﺒﻀﺘﮫ ّ اﻟﺘﻒ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺗﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﻤﻞ ﺻﻐﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺠﺎة ﻣﻦ ﺛﻌﺒﺎن أ ﺗﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﺼﻌﺪاء ب ﺗﺮﺑﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﺮش ج ﺣﺎﻟﻔﮫ اﻟﺤﻆ _____ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﯿﻦ اﻟﻜﺒﺎر اﻟﺬﯾﻦ اﻋﺘﺒﺮوا أن اﻟﻘﺮار ﯾﺴﺘﮭﺪﻓﮭﻢ. 2 ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ أن ______ وﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﺷﺨﺺ أﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺜﻌﺒﺎن ﻋﻨﮫ. 3 إن اﻟﻤﻼﻛﻢ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻼي اﻟﺬي ﯾﻌﺪ ﻣﻦ أﻋﻈﻢ رﯾﺎﺿﯿﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ _______ اﻟﻮزن اﻟﺜﻘﯿﻞ ﻟﺴﺘﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻋﺎﻣﺎ. ً أ ﺛﺒﻂ ﻋﺰﯾﻤﺔ ب ﺗﺮﺑﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺮش ج ﻋﻜﺮ ﺻﻔﻮ أﻛﺪ رﺋﯿﺲ اﻷرﻛﺎن أن اﻟﺠﯿﺶ ﻗﺪ _____ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ أ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻣﺎء وﺟﮭﮫ ب أﺛﺎر ﺣﻔﯿﻈﺔ ج أﺣﻜﻢ ﻗﺒﻀﺘﮫ وﻗﺪ ﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﻣﻈﺎھﺮات ﻣﻨﺎھﻀﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﻟﻠﯿﻮم اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ أ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺷﻚ ب ﻋﺎدت اﻟﻘﮭﻘﺮى ج ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ 6 ﺗﻢ رﻓﻊ ﺻﻮرة ﻣﺴﯿﺌﺔ ﻟﻠﺰﻋﯿﻢ اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺳﻲ _______. أ ﯾﺮاوح ﻣﻜﺎﻧﮫ ب ﻓﻲ ﻋﻘﺮ داره ج ﯾﺘﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﺼﻌﺪاء 7 ﺣﯿﻦ ﻋﺮﻓﻨﺎ أﻧﻨﺎ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﯿﻦ ______ وﺷﻌﺮﻧﺎ ﺑﺄن ﺣﻤﻼ ً ً ﺛﻘﯿﻼ ﻗﺪ اﻧﺰاح ﻋﻦ ﺻﺪورﻧﺎ. أ ﺣﻔﻈﻨﺎ ﻣﺎء وﺟﮭﻨﺎ ب ﺛﺒﻄﺖ ﻋﺰﯾﻤﺘﻨﺎ ج ﺗﻨﻔﺴﻨﺎ اﻟﺼﻌﺪاء 4 ﻣﺤﺎور اﻟﻌﺎﺻﻤﺔ. 5 ________. 286 ﻧﺎدي اﻟﻮاﺣﺔ ﯾﻌﻮد اﻟﻘﮭﻘﺮى ﻓﻲ ﻋﻘﺮ داره 8 وﯾﺮى اﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﻮن أن ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﺴﻮﯾﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻌﺪو ______ أ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻘﺮ دارھﺎ ب ﺗﺮاوح ﻣﻜﺎﻧﮭﺎ ج ﺗﺤﻔﻆ ﻣﺎء وﺟﮭﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أن ﺑﺪاﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺘﻌﺜﺮة وﻓﺎﺷﻠﺔ ﻧﺴﺒﯿﺎ ّإﻻ أن ذﻟﻚ ﻟﻢ _____ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ. ً أ ﯾﺜﺒﻂ ﻋﺰﯾﻤﺔ ب ﯾﻌﻜﺮ ﺻﻔﻮ ج ﯾﺤﻔﻆ ﻣﺎء وﺟﮫ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻋﺪة أﺷﮭﺮ. 9 10ﻟﻘﺪ أﻋﺎدت ﻟﮫ ھﺬه اﻷزﻣﺔ ً ﻗﻠﯿﻼ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻮاﺿﻌﮫ و ______ ﻟﻦ ﯾﻨﺴﺎه. أ ﺗﺮﺑﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺮش ب أﺣﻜﻢ ﻗﺒﻀﺔ درﺳﺎ ج ﻟﻘﻨﺘﮫ ً 11ﺣﺎول اﻟﻤﺪﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺎم اﻟﺘﺴﺘﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﻀﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻣﻞ أ ﺗﻌﻜﯿﺮ ﺻﻔﻮ ب ﺣﻔﻆ ﻣﺎء وﺟﮫ ج ﺗﺜﺒﯿﻂ ﻋﺰﯾﻤﺔ 12ﯾﻄﺎﻟﺐ اﻟﻤﺸﺘﻜﻮن ﺑﺘﺪﺧﻞ وزﯾﺮ اﻟﺴﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺸﺎرﯾﻊ اﻟﺘﻲ أﺛﺮت ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻜﻨﮭﻢ و _______ ﺣﯿﺎﺗﮭﻢ. أ أﺣﻜﻤﺖ ﻗﺒﻀﺔ ب أﺛﺎرت ﺣﻔﯿﻈﺔ ج ﻋﻜﺮت ﺻﻔﻮ 13ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ھﺬه اﻟﺪول ﻣﻦ أﻋﻈﻢ اﻟﺪول ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ّإﻻ أﻧﮭﺎ أ ﻋﺎدت اﻟﻘﮭﻘﺮى ب ﺗﺮﺑﻌﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺮش ج ﻓﻲ ﻋﻘﺮ دارھﺎ 14وﺣﺬرت اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ أن ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺮﻋﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺔ ______ اﻻﻧﮭﯿﺎر ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﻮﺑﺎء. أ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ب ﻻ ﺳﯿﻤﺎ ج ﻋﻠﻰ وﺷﻚ 15اﻧﮭﺎرت اﻟﻌﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ اﻟﻌﻤﻼت اﻷﺟﻨﺒﯿﺔ ______ اﻟﺪوﻻر اﻟﺬي وﺻﻞ ﺳﻌﺮ ﺻﺮﻓﮫ أﻣﺲ اﻷرﺑﻌﺎء أﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى ﻟﮫ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺳﻨﺘﯿﻦ. أ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺷﻚ ب ﻓﻲ ﻋﻘﺮ دار ج ﻻ ﺳﯿﻤﺎ ______ اﻹدارة ﻓﻲ ھﺬه اﻟﺤﺎدﺛﺔ. _______ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺪاﯾﺔ اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﻌﺸﺮﯾﻦ وﻟﻢ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻊ اﻟﻨﮭﻮض ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ. 287 The practice exercises (5) Translate the following sentences into Arabic. Translate the words in bold into one of the idioms of this unit. 1 Three matches will be played consecutively over five hours. 2 Business owners breathed a sigh of relief after the government lowered taxes. 3 Those teenagers need to be taught a lesson. 4 Negotiations remained stalled this week in the Swiss resort. 5 The retailer once reigned the world of fashion. 6 The manager had to resign in order to save face. 7 The soldier was about to shoot when he heard a scream. 8 This brand of sportswear was outranked in its own home. 9 You were lucky this time, but will you be lucky next time? 10 The most important thing for us now is to tighten our grip on the market. 11 We had fun, but unfortunately, the rain spoiled the joy of the festival. 12 When the article was published, it angered many readers. 13 Don’t let this one failure discourage you. 14 Wages are set to fall back to the level of ten years ago. 15 My grandmother gets along with everybody, particularly children. (6) Use the idioms of this unit in sentences of your own. This practice exercise covers the following Arabic idioms: راوح ﻣﻜﺎﻧﮫ أﺣﻜﻢ ﻗﺒﻀﺘﮫ ﺣﺎﻟﻔﮫ اﻟﺤﻆ أﺛﺎر ﺣﻔﯿﻈﺔ ﺗﺮﺑﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺮش 288 ﻓﻲ ﻋﻘﺮ داره ﺗﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﺼﻌﺪاء ﺣﻔﻆ ﻣﺎء وﺟﮫ ﻋﻜﺮ ﺻﻔﻮ ﻋﺎد اﻟﻘﮭﻘﺮى ﻟﻘّﻨﮫ درﺳًﺎ ﻻ ﺳﯿﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺷﻚ ﺛﺒﻂ ﻋﺰﯾﻤﺔ اﻷﺧﺒﺎر ﻻ ﺗﺘﻐﯿﺮ 10 ﺧﺮج ﻣﻦ دار ّ اﻟﺴﯿﻨﻤﺎ ،ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ أﺣﺪاث اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻨﺰﻟﮫ ﺑﻌﺪ أن ﺳﺎر اﻟﮭُﻮﯾﻨﻰ ﻧﺤﻮ َ َ ِ ﻒ ً ﻗﻠﯿﻼ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺠﻮل ﻓﻲ ﻋﺮﺿﮭﺎ اﻟﻔﯿﻠﻢ اﻟﻘﺪﯾﻢ ُ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘّﺴﺎؤﻻت .ﺗﻮﻗّ َ َ ِ ﺧﺎطﺮه ﻣﺜﯿﺮةً ﻋﻨﺪهُ ّ ّ واﻟﻤﺠﻼت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗُ ّ ﺤﺎول إﺛﺎرةَ اﻻﻧﺘﺒﺎه وﺗﺤﺮﻛﺖ ﻋﯿﻨﺎهُ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﺮاﺋﺪ اﻟﺼﺤﻒ ُﻛﺸﻚ ُ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ واﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﺢ واﻟﺤﺮوب .ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻨﺎوﯾﻨُﮭﺎ ﻣﺜﯿﺮةً ﻟﻠﻜﺂﺑﺔ ،وﻻ اﻟﻜﻮارث أﺧﺒﺎر ﻋﺒﺮ ﻧﺸﺮ ُ َ ِ ِ ِ اﻟﺴ ُ ﯾﺤﺮص ّ ﯾﻌﻤﻠﻮن اﻷﻋﻈﻢ ِﻣّﻤﻦ ﻮاد ﻧﻔﺴﮫ ﻟﻤﺎذا ﺗﺴﺎءل ﻓﻲ أﺧﺒﺎرا ﺳﯿﺌﺔً ﻛﺎﻟﻤﻌﺘﺎد. ﺳﻮى ُ ً َ َ ِ ُ اﻟﺼﺪارة؟ ھﻞ ّ اﻟﻤﻮت ّ ﺆس ﻓﻲ ّ اﻟﺨﺮاب ﻷن ﻗﺼﺺ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻓﻲ اﻷﺧﺒﺎر ﻋﻠﻰ أن ُ َ َ ِ ﻣﺎر واﻟﺒُ ِ واﻟﺪ ِ واﻟﻤﻮت ﺿﺮﺑﺎ ﺑﺄطﻨﺎﺑﮭﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ أﺟﻤﻊ؟ أم ّ َ ّ واﻟﺴﻌﺎدةَ ﻗﺪ أﺻﺒﺤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺧﺒﺮ ﻛﺎن؟ اﻟﺨﯿﺮ ﻷن َ ﻷن ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔَ أم ّ ُ ﻈﮭﺮ ﻣﺎ ھﻮ وﺿﻊ ﯾُﺮﺛﻰ ﻟﮫ ﺑﺤﯿﺚ إﻧّﮭﺎ ﻻ اﻷﺧﺒﺎر أﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺮﯾﺪ أن ﺗُ ِ ِ ٍ وﺟﻤﯿﻞ ﻓﻲ ھﺬه اﻟﺤﯿﺎة؟ أم ّ ٌ ٌ ﻋﺎﻣِﺔ اﻟﻨّﺎس ﺗﻨﺰل ﻋﻨﺪ داﺋﻤﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻷن ﻣﺒﮭﺞ ُ َ رﻏﺒﺔ ّ ِ وﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻹﻋﻼم ً ّ ﺗﺤﺴَﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﻮارث واﻷزﻣﺎت؟ أﺧﺒﺎر اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﺗﺠﺘﺬﺑُﮭﻢ ﻧﻔﺴِﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺪﻧﯿﺎ اﻟﺘﻲ أﺻﺒﺤﺖ ُ ِ ﻗﺮارة ِ ِ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻀﯿﺾ. (1) Carefully read the text, then discuss how the idioms are used to convey the meaning. (2) Translate the text into English, making sure that your final translation reads like authentic English and reproduces the content and style of the text. (3) Express what you understand in Arabic by using the idioms appearing in the text. Ensure to use all the idioms from the text correctly. (4) Choose the correct idioms to fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences. 289 DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-41 The practice exercises أﻋﺎد اﻟﻤﻄﺮب ﻏﻨﺎء اﻷﻏﻨﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻔﻠﺔ ________ أ ﺿﺮب ﺑﺄطﻨﺎب ً ﻧﺰوﻻ ﻋﻨﺪ رﻏﺒﺔ ب ج ﯾﺠﻮل ﻓﻲ ﺧﺎطﺮ اﻓﺘﺘﺢ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﮫ ﺑﺴﺆال رﺑﻤﺎ _______ اﻟﺒﺸﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮ أ ﺳﺎر اﻟﮭﻮﯾﻨﻰ ب ﻧﺰل ﻋﻨﺪ رﻏﺒﺔ ج ﺟﺎل ﻓﻲ ﺧﺎطﺮ إن اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎت اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻌﺪ ﺗﺒﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻀﺎﯾﺎ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﺳﻠﺒًﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷطﻔﺎل ،ﻟﻦ ﯾﻤﺮ وﻗﺖ طﻮﯾﻞ ﺣﺘﻰ ﯾﺼﺒﺢ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ______. أ ﯾﻀﺮب ﺑﺄطﻨﺎﺑﮫ ب ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻀﯿﺾ ج ﯾﺴﯿﺮ اﻟﮭﻮﯾﻨﻰ 4 واﻟﻐﺮﯾﺐ أن اﻹﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﻨﺜﺮي واﻟﺸﻌﺮي ﻟﺪى ھﺬا اﻷدﯾﺐ ﻏﺰﯾﺮا ﺑﺸﻜﻞ _______ ﺑﻌﺪ أن وﺻﻞ ﻟﻠﻌﻘﺪ أﺻﺒﺢ ً اﻟﺴﺎدس ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﺮه. أ ﻣﺜﯿﺮ ﻟﻼﻧﺘﺒﺎه ب ﻓﻲ ﺧﺒﺮ ﻛﺎن ج ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل ﯾﺮﺛﻰ ﻟﮭﺎ 5 _________ ﻛﻨﺖ أﻋﻠﻢ أﻧﻨﻲ ﺳﺄﺣﻘﻖ اﻟﻨﺠﺎح رﻏﻢ أ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻮاد اﻷﻋﻈﻢ ب ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻀﯿﺾ ج ﻓﻲ ﻗﺮارة ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺗﻌﺒﺖ اﻟﺠﻤﺎھﯿﺮ وﻛﺎن ﻻﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﻗﻮف ﺑﻮﺟﮫ اﻟﻔﺴﺎد أ ﻧﺰل ﻋﻨﺪ رﻏﺒﺘﮭﻢ ب ﺿﺮب ﺑﺄطﻨﺎﺑﮫ ج ﺳﺎر اﻟﮭﻮﯾﻨﻰ 7 وﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﺎﻓﻠﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﺎل ________ ﻓﻲ ﻟﯿﻞ اﻟﺼﺤﺮاء. أ ﺗﺴﯿﺮ اﻟﮭﻮﯾﻨﻰ ب ﺗﺠﻮل ﻓﻲ ﺧﺎطﺮھﺎ ج ﺗﻀﺮب ﺑﺄطﻨﺎﺑﮭﺎ 8 ﯾﺒﺪو ﻣﻦ اﻻﺷﺘﺒﺎﻛﺎت اﻟﺤﺎﺻﻠﺔ أن اﺗﻔﺎق وﻗﻒ إطﻼق اﻟﻨﺎر اﻟﺬي وﻗﻌﮫ اﻟﻄﺮﻓﺎن ﻗﺪ اﻧﺘﮭﻰ ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻟﮫ وأﺻﺒﺢ __________. أ اﻟﺴﻮاد اﻷﻋﻈﻢ ب ﻣﺜﯿﺮ ﻟﻠﻜﺂﺑﺔ ج ﻓﻲ ﺧﺒﺮ ﻛﺎن 1 اﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮﯾﻦ. 2 اﻟﻌﺼﻮر ،أﻻ وھﻮ ”ﻣﺎ اﻟﻐﺎﯾﺔ ﻣﻦ وﺟﻮدﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ھﺬا اﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ وﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﺤﯿﺎة؟“ 3 اﻟﺼﻌﻮﺑﺎت. 6 اﻟﺬي _______ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻔﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ. 290 اﻷﺧﺒﺎر ﻻ ﺗﺘﻐﯿﺮ أ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل ﯾﺮﺛﻰ ﻟﮭﺎ ب اﻟﺴﻮاد اﻷﻋﻈﻢ ج ﻣﺜﯿﺮ ﻟﻠﻜﺂﺑﺔ ﻻ ﺷﻚ أن ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺠﺮﯾﻤﺔ اﻟﺬي ﻧﺮاه ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ أﺣﯿﺎء .اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ ھﻮ أﻣﺮ __________ واﻹﺣﺒﺎط 9 ً ﻧﺰوﻻ ﻋﻨﺪ رﻏﺒﺔ إن اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻌﺎت اﻟﺸﺒﺎﺑﯿﺔ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪة وﻣﺎ ﯾﺼﺎﺣﺒﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺼﺮﻓﺎت أ10 ب اﻟﺴﻮاد اﻷﻋﻈﻢ ﻣﺴﺘﻐﺮﺑﺔ ﻟﺪى ﻏﺮﯾﺒﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌﻨﺎ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ َ ج ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل ﯾﺮﺛﻰ ﻟﮭﺎ .________ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس أ ﻣﺜﯿﺮة ﻟﻼﻧﺘﺒﺎه ب ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل ﯾﺮﺛﻰ ﻟﮭﺎ ج ﺗﺠﻮل ﻓﻲ ﺧﺎطﺮھﺎ ﻟﻢ ﯾﻌﺪ اﻟﺴﯿﺎح ﯾﺄﺗﻮن إﻟﻰ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ ﻟﻸﺳﻒ وأﺻﺒﺤﺖ11 ._________ اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺣﺔ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ (5) Translate the following sentences into Arabic. Translate the words in bold into one of the idioms of this unit. 1 The weather in that part of the world is depressing most times of the year. 2 The polls show that the vast majority of people don’t want a referendum. 3 We lost everything we had, and things were at a very low ebb. 4 She knew in her heart of hearts that she is to blame for what happened to me. 5 They are shouting to catch his attention, unaware that he is deaf. 6 Classical Arabic music and real Tarab seem to be a thing of the past. 7 The explorer recalled what went into her mind while in that cave. 8 People in this refugee camp live in the most deplorable conditions. 9 Tribal law is taking roots and becoming firmly entrenched in the southern provinces. 10 The lovers were taking a gentle stroll over the bridge. 11 In compliance with the wishes of our customers, we have decided to change store closing time. (6) Use the idioms of this unit in sentences of your own. 291 The practice exercises This practice exercise covers the following Arabic idioms: ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل ﯾﺮﺛﻰ ﻟﮭﺎ ﻧﺰل ﻋﻨﺪ رﻏﺒﺘﮫ ﻣﺜﯿﺮ ﻟﻼﻧﺘﺒﺎه ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻀﯿﺾ ﺳﺎر اﻟﮭﻮﯾﻨﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺧﺒﺮ ﻛﺎن ﺿﺮب ﺑﺄطﻨﺎﺑﮫ ﻣﺜﯿﺮ ﻟﻠﻜﺂﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺮارة ﻧﻔﺴﮫ اﻟﺴﻮاد اﻷﻋﻈﻢ ﺟﺎل ﻓﻲ ﺧﺎطﺮه 292 اﻟﻤﺮأة اﻟﺨﻠﯿﺠﯿﺔ واﻟﻤﻨﺎﺻﺐ اﻟﻘﯿﺎدﯾﺔ 11 ﺑﮫ ﻓﻲ ﺗَ ﱡ ﻻ ﺟﺮم ّ ُ ﻗﯿﺎدﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺻﺐ ﺴﻨﻢ أن اﻟﻤﺮأةَ اﻟﺨﻠﯿﺠﯿّﺔَ ﻗﺪ ﻗﻄﻌﺖ ﺷﻮطًﺎ ﻻ ﯾُ ٍ َ ﺴﺘﮭﺎن ِ اﻟﻤﺮأة اﻟﺨﻠﯿﺠﯿ ِّﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ووﺿﻌﮭﺎ اﻟﯿﻮم .ﺣﯿﺚ ﻧﺠﺤﺖ ﺎن ﻣﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ وﺿﻊ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌﮭﺎ .وﺷﺘّ َ ِ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻘﺮار ﻓﻲ دور أﻛﺒﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻠﯿﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﯿﺔ اﻷﻋﻮام ﺧﻼل ﺴﺎء اﻟﺨﻠﯿﺠﯿّﺎت ُ َ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻨّ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ﺑﻠﻌﺐ ٍ ً ﺑﯿﺪ ّ ّ اﻟﻤﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﯾﺎت اﻟﻌﻠﻤﯿ ِّﺔ واﻟﺜّﻘﺎﻓﯿِّﺔ ﯾﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻊ ﺿﺌﯿﻼ وﻻ أن ھﺬا اﻹﻧﺠﺎز ﯾﺒﻘﻰ ُ ﺑﻠﺪاﻧﮭﻦَ ، ِ ِ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ .وﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺮ ّ أن اﻟﻤﺮأةَ اﻟﺨﻠﯿﺠﯿّﺔَ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ ّ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺴﺎء ﻓﻲ دول اﻟﺨﻠﯿﺞ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺣﻘّﻘﺘﮭﺎ اﻟﻨّ ُ ّ ٍ ﺗﻜﻮن وزﯾﺮةً أو ﺳﻔﯿﺮةً أو ﻣﺪﯾﺮةً أو ﻣﻤﺜﻠﺔً ّ ﻋﻘﺒﺎت ﻛﺜﯿﺮةً ﻌﺐ ﺗﻤﻨﻌﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ أن ُ ﻋﺎم ﺗﻮاﺟﮫُ َ ٍ ﻟﻠﺸ ِ أھﻢ ھﺬه اﻟﻌﻘﺒﺎت ھﻮ ّ اﻟﻤﺴﺎواة ﻣﻊ ّ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎت اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿّﺔ أن ﻗﺪم ِ ِ اﻟﺮﺟﻞ .وﻣﻦ ﱢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻟﻤﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ ِ ٌ ﺣﻀﻮرا ﻗﯿﺎدﯾًّﺎ ﺑﺴﮭﻮﻟﺔ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎت ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔٌ ﺑﻄﺒﯿﻌﺘﮭﺎ وﻻ ﺗﺘﻘﺒُّﻞ وﻻﺳﯿّﻤﺎ اﻟﺨﻠﯿﺠﯿّﺔ ﻣﻨﮭﺎ ھﻲ ً ٍ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎت ّ اﻟﻤﺮأة ﺣﻘّﮭﺎ ﺑﺨﺲ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎم إﻟﻰ ﺗﻤﯿﻞ وﻟﺔ واﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ،وﺑﺎﻟﺘّﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﺈﻧّﮭﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺮأة ﻓﻲ ُ ِ اﻟﺪ ِ ِ ِ ٍ ِ دﺧﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺮأةُ وﻓﻖ ﻣﺒﺎدئ ﺗﻜﺎﻓﺆ اﻟﻔﺮص .ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل دور ﻓﻲ ﱟ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﱢ ﻗﯿﺎدي َ ِ ِ أي ٍ اﻟﺨﻠﯿﺠﯿّﺔُ ّ اﻣﺮأة ﺧﻠﯿﺠﯿٍّﺔ ﺳﻔﯿﺮةً اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ّ ُ ﻟﺒﻼدھﺎ ﻋﺎم أول ﺗﻢ اﻟﺪ ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮةً ﻓﻲ ٍ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ َ ﺑﻠﻮﻣﺎﺳﻲ ﺣﯿﺚ ّ ّ ِ ِ ﻠﺪان اﻟﺨﻠﯿﺠﯿّﺔُ ﺟﮭﻮدا ﻣﻠﻤﻮﺳﺔً ﺗﺒﺬل اﻟﺒُ ُ ً ﻣﺴﺆوﻟﯿﺎت اﻟﻤﺮأة ﻟﺘﺘﻮﻟّﻰ ﻟﺘﻤﻜﯿﻦ .1993وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ ﻛﻠّﮫُ ، ٍ ِ ِ ُﻋﻠﯿﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ .وإن ﻧﻈﺮﻧﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻛﺜﺐ إﻟﻰ ﺗﺠﺎرب ّ اﻟﺸﻌﻮب اﻷﺧﺮى ﻓﻲ ھﺬا اﻟﻤﺠﺎل ،ﻓﺈﻧّﻨﺎ ﻧﺠﺪ وﺑﻤﺎ ﻻ ﯾﻘﺒﻞ ّ ﻚ ّ اﻟﺸ ّ ُ ﮭﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺐ أن ﺗ ﱡَﻘﺒﻞ ُ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎت ﻟﻠﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﯾﺘﻄﻠّ ُ َ واﻟﺠ ِ ِ ِ ّ ّ ﻌﺒﻲ. اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﻲ ﻌﯿﺪﯾﻦ اﻟﺼ َ واﻟﺸ ّ ّ (1) Carefully read the text, then discuss how the idioms are used to convey the meaning. (2) Translate the text into English, making sure that your final translation reads like authentic English and reproduces the content and style of the text. (3) Express what you understand in Arabic by using the idioms appearing in the text. Ensure to use all the idioms from the text correctly. 293 DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-42 The practice exercises (4) Choose the correct idioms to fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences. 1 ﻣﺆﺛﺮا ﻓﻲ وﯾﺸﺎر إﻟﻰ أن وزﯾﺮ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﯿﺔ ______ ً وﺳﺎطﺔ ﺑﻠﺪه ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ ﺣﻞ اﻷزﻣﺔ اﻟﺨﻠﯿﺠﯿﺔ ﻣﻊ دول اﻟﺠﻮار. أ ﻻ ﯾﺴﺘﮭﺎن ﺑﮫ دورا ب ﻟﻌﺐ ً ج ﻗﻄﻊ ﺷﻮطًﺎ 2 اﻧﺘﮭﻰ اﻟﺸﻮط اﻷول ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺎدل وﻟﻜﻦ _____ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻔﺮﯾﻖ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻻﺳﺘﺮاﺣﺔ وﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻌﻮدة إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻠﻌﺐ. أ ﺑﯿﺪ ّ أن ب ﻻ ﺟﺮم ّ أن ج ﺷﺘﺎن ﻣﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ 3 و ﺻﺎر اﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻨﻮات اﻷﺧﯿﺮة ﯾﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺑﺜﻘﻞ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻛﺒﯿﺮ وأﺻﺒﺢ ﻗﻮة اﻗﺘﺼﺎدﯾﺔ _____. أ ﻋﻦ ﻛﺜﺐ ب ﻻ ﯾﺴﺘﮭﺎن ﺑﮭﺎ ج وﺑﻤﺎ ﻻ ﯾﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﺸﻚ 4 وﻟﻔﺖ اﻟﻤﺴﺆول إﻟﻰ أن ﻟﻠﻤﻮاطﻦ اﻟﺤﻖ ﺑﺄن ﯾﻠﻘﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻠﺪه ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻠﺪه وﻟﻜﻦ دون ______ اﻟﺠﺎﻟﯿﺎت اﻷﺧﺮى. أ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪم اﻟﻤﺴﺎواة دورا ب ﻟﻌﺐ ً ج ﺑﺨﺲ ﺣﻖ 5 ً طﻮﯾﻼ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻄﻮﯾﺮ اﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ أ ﻗﻄﻌﺖ ﺷﻮطًﺎ ﻟﻘﺪ ____ ھﺬه اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ____ دورا ب ﻟﻌﺒﺖ ً اﻟﺮﻗﻤﯿﺔ وﺻﻨﺎﻋﺘﮭﺎ وأﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت اﻟﺮاﺋﺪة ﻓﻲ ج ﺑﺨﺴﺖ ﺣﻘًﺎ ھﺬا اﻟﻤﺠﺎل. 6 أ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻧﺎﻗﺸﻨﺎ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوﻋﺎت ذات اﻷوﻟﻮﯾﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ وﻣﻨﮭﺎ ______ ﻣﺸﺮوع ﺗﻄﻮﯾﺮ ﻧﻈﻢ اﻹﺷﺎرات ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻂ ﺳﻜﻚ ب ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل ج ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪم اﻟﻤﺴﺎواة اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ. 7 أ ﻋﻦ ﻛﺜﺐ ب ﺑﯿﺪ أن ج ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪم اﻟﻤﺴﺎواة وﺗﻘﻒ ﺑﻼدﻧﺎ ﻓﻲ إﻧﺘﺎج اﻷﺳﻤﺪة ______ ﻣﻊ ﻛﺒﺮى اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت اﻷﺟﻨﺒﯿﺔ واﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﯿﺔ. 294 اﻟﻤﺮأة اﻟﺨﻠﯿﺠﯿﺔ واﻟﻤﻨﺎﺻﺐ اﻟﻘﯿﺎدﯾﺔ 8 ﻟﻘﺪ ﺛﺒﺖ ______ أن ھﺬه اﻟﻨﻮﻋﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺣﺰاب ﻏﯿﺮ ﻗﺎدرة ﻋﻠﻰ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺳﯿﺔ. أ وﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ ب ﺑﻤﺎ ﻻ ﯾﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﺸﻚ ج ﻋﻦ ﻛﺜﺐ 9 ﺗﻌﺎﻧﻲ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻏﺰو اﻟﺠﺮاد اﻟﺼﺤﺮاوي ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ_____ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ أوﺿﺤﻮا أن ﻧﻮﻋﯿﺔ اﻟﺠﺮاد ﻗﺪ ﺗﻐﯿﺮت ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻨﻮات اﻷﺧﯿﺮة. أ ﻻ ﺟﺮم أن ب ﻋﻦ ﻛﺜﺐ ج ﺑﯿﺪ أن 10وﻗﺎﻟﺖ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺮوﺳﯿﺔ ﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮات إﻧﮭﺎ ﺗﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﺣﺎدﺛﺔ اﺧﺘﻔﺎء اﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮة ______. أ ﻋﻦ ﻛﺜﺐ ب ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل ج ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪم اﻟﻤﺴﺎواة 11إن اﻷﺟﻮاء ﻣﻠﺒﺪة ﺑﺎﻟﻐﯿﻮم _______ ،ﻧﺮى اﻟﻨﺎس ﯾﺤﻤﻠﻮن اﻟﻤﻈﻼت. أ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ ب وﺑﻤﺎ ﻻ ﯾﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﺸﻚ ج ﻻ ﺟﺮم أﻧﻨﺎ ً اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎ طﺎرﺋًﺎ ﻟﺘﺪارس 12و_______ أن اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺗﻌﻘﺪ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ. أ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل ب ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ ج ﺑﻤﺎ ﻻ ﯾﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﺸﻚ (5) Translate the following sentences into Arabic. Translate the words in bold into one of the idioms of this unit. 1 This new technology will bring manufacturers on equal footing with global counterparts. 2 The ministry has gone a long way towards improving this situation. 3 This is not a complicated issue, however there are some dangers. 4 We don’t intend to unfairly give her less than she deserves. 5 This country has a signifcant military force. 6 We are closely following the advice set out by the department of health. 7 Water plays a crucial role in the emergence of life. 295 The practice exercises 8 Let’s take blood circulation, for example. 9 The difference between the beginning of the trip and the end is huge. 10 It should be noted that some research has shown different results. 11 It is unquestionable that members of the ruling family live privileged lives. 12 This menu is beyond a doubt the most delicious in town. (6) Use the idioms of this unit in sentences of your own. This practice exercise covers the following Arabic idioms: ّ ﻻ ﺟﺮم أن ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪم اﻟﻤﺴﺎواة ﻋﻦ ﻛﺜﺐ ﻟﻌﺐ دورًا 296 ﻻ ﯾﺴﺘﮭﺎن ﺑﮫ ً ﻣﺠﺎﻻ ﻟﻠﺸﻚ ﻻ ﯾﺪع ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺷﺘﺎن ﻣﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺷﻮطًﺎ ّ ﺑﯿﺪ أن ھﻀﻢ ﺣﻘﮫ/ ﺑﺨﺲ ﻓﻲ ﺑﯿﺖ اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ 12 ُ ُ ُ ﻓﺄﺧﺬت ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﯿﺪھﺎ، ﯾﻌﺪ ﻟﻮاﻟﺪﺗﻲ ﻣﻦ ﯾُﻌﯿﻨﮭﺎ اﻟﻮاﻟﺪ إﻟﻰ اﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ أن رﺣﻤﺔ ﷲ ﻟﻢ ُ َ وﯾﺄﺧﺬ ِ ِ ُ ﺗﻨﺘﻘﻞ ّ ﻜﻦ ﻣﻌﻲ وﻟﻜﻨّﮭﺎ ﻟﻢ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ طﻠﺒﺖ ﻣﻨﮭﺎ أن أﻋﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﮭﺎ وأرﻋﺎھﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺒﺮھﺎ. ﻋﺎﺗﻘﻲ أن َ َ ﻟﻠﺴ ِ ﺗﺘﺮك َ ﺳﻨﻮات ﻋﻤﺮھﺎ، أﺟﻤﻞ اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ اﻟﺬي ﻗﻀﺖ ﻓﯿﮫ ﺑﯿﺖ ﻣﺄﺧﺬ اﻟﺠﺪ ،ﻓﻜﯿﻒ ﻟﮭﺎ أن طﻠﺒﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ َ َ ِ ِ ِ ﻧﺎھﯿﻚ ﻋﻦ ّ َ ٌ ﺮاز ﻛﺒﯿﺮ وﻣﺮﯾﺢ إذا ﻣﺎ ﻗﻮرن ﺑﺸﻘّﺘﻨﺎ اﻟﻤﺘﻮاﺿﻌﺔ ،ﻓﮭﻮ اﻟﺒﯿﺖ أن َ ﱞ ﻣﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄّ ِ ﺑﻌﺪ أن وﻋﺪﺗﻨﻲ ﺑﺄﻧّﮭﺎ ﺳﺘﻮاﻓﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻣﺮ، اﻟﻘﺪﯾﻢ ،ﻓﯿﮫ ﺑﺎﺣﺔٌ داﺧﻠﯿّﺔٌ وﻧﺎﻓﻮرةٌ وﺣﺪﯾﻘﺔ .ﻟﻜﻨّﮭﺎ َ ُ أﻋﺪت ّ ﺗﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﻲ اﻟﻜﺮة ﺑﻌﺪ أﯾﺎم ﻓﺈذا ﺑﮭﺎ أﺧﻠﻔﺖ وﻋﺪھﺎ وﻟﻢ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ طﻠﺒﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺠﺪ. ُ ﻗﺮارا ً ﻟﻠﻌﯿﺶ ﻣﻌﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﯿﺖ .ﻟﻢ ُ ُ اﺳﺘﺠﺒﺖ ﻟﻄﻠﺒﮭﺎ ،وﻣﺎ ﺳﮭﻼ وﻟﻜﻨّﻨﻲ ﯾﻜﻦ اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺑﺪﻻً ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ ً َ ِ ُ اﻟﺒﯿﺖ ّ اﻟﺮِﺣﺐ. ﻧﺘﺸﺎرك ﺣﯿﺎﺗﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ ھﻲ إﻻّ أﯾّﺎم ﺣﺘﻰ أﺻﺒﺤﻨﺎ ِ رأﺳﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻘﺐ .ﻟﻘﺪ ﺗﻐﯿّﺮت ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺔُ ٌ ﻟﻢ ّ ٌ وﻗﺖ ﯾﻤﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟِﻨﺎ طﻮﯾﻞ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻧﻘﻠﺒﺖ ﺣﯿﺎﺗُﻨﺎ ً ّ ْ وﻛﺒﯿﺮة ﺻﻐﯿﺮة ﻛﻞ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ، ﺗﺘﺤﻜُﻢ ﺑﻨﺎ واﻟﺪﺗﻲ وﺻﺎرت وأﺻﺒﺤﺖ ھﻲ اﻵﻣﺮ اﻟﻨّﺎھﻲ ﻓﻲ ﱢ ٍ ٍ ٍ ﺗﺘﻌﻠّ ُ ﻷﺗﻔﮫ اﻷﻣﻮر .وﻟﯿﺖ اﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺘﻔﺎﺻﯿﻞ ﺣﯿﺎﺗﻨﺎ اﻟﯿﻮﻣﯿّﺔ ،ﻻ ﯾُﺮﺿﯿﮭﺎ ﺷﻲء ،وﺗﺒﻜﻲ وﺗﺤﺰن ﻖ ِ ِ ّ ُ ﺗﺴﺘﺮق ّ اﻟﺴﻤﻊ ﻣﻦ وراء ﺑﺎب ﺣﺠﺮﺗﻲ ﻣﺘﺴﻤﻌﺔً ﻟﺤﺪﯾﺜﻨﺎ اﻟﺤﺪ ،ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ أﺣﯿﺎﻧًﺎ وﻗﻒ ﻋﻨﺪ ھﺬا أﻧﺎ وزوﺟﺘﻲ ،ﻛﻲ ّ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﺲ ﻧﺘﺂﻣﺮ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﻟﻨﺘﺨﻠّﺺ ﻣﻨﮭﺎ ،وأﺣﯿﺎﻧًﺎ أﺧﺮى ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺘﺄﻛَﺪ ﻣﻦ أﻧّﻨﺎ ﻻ ُ ُ ﺗﻈﻦ ّ ﱡ ﻈﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻘﺐ اﻟﺒﺎب ﺣﯿﻦ ﻻ ُ اﻷوﻻد ﻗﺪ ھﺮﺑﻮا ﻣﻦ أن ﺗﺠﺪ اﻷطﻔﺎل ﺣﻮﻟﮭﺎ ،ﻷﻧّﮭﺎ َ اﻟﻨّ َ ْ ْ أﻗﻔﻠﺖ ّ وﻧﺴﯿﺖ أﻧّﮭﺎ اﻟﺘﻲ اﻟﺤﺠﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷوﻻد ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎح وھﻢ ﺑﺪاﺧﻠِﮭﺎ، ﺑﺎب اﻟﺒﯿﺖ .وﻗﺪ ﻣﺮةً َ ِ ْ ُ ُ ﺗﻌﺒﺖ اﺿﻄﺮرت إﻟﻰ ﻛﺴﺮ اﻟﺒﺎب ﺑﻌﺪ أن وﺿﻌﺖ اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎح .ﻟﻘﺪ ﻓﻌﻠﺖ ذﻟﻚ ،وﻟﻢ ﺗﺘﺬﻛﺮ أﯾﻦ ِ إﺧﻼء ﺳﺒﯿﻠﮭﻢ .ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﯾﻨﺘﻈﺮون اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎح ﻛﻲ أُﺧﺮج اﻷوﻻد اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﺑﺪوا ﻛﺴﺠﻨﺎء ﻣﻦ َ ِ َ وأﻟﻤﻨﺎ ،إﻟﻰ أن ﻓﮭﻤﻨﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ أن أﺟﺮى ﻟﮭﺎ ﺗﺼﺮﻓﺎﺗُﮭﺎ اﻟﻐﺮﯾﺒﺔُ واﻟﻤﺘﻐﯿّﺮة ﺗُ ُ ﺜﯿﺮ اﺳﺘﻐﺮاﺑَﻨﺎ وﻏﻀﺒَﻨﺎ َ اﺧﺘﺒﺎرا أﻧّﮭﺎ ﺗﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺮفّ ، اﻟﻤﺮض وإن ﻣﺎ ﻧﺮاهُ ﻣﻨﮭﺎ ﻣﺎ ھﻲ ّإﻻ أﻋﺮاض ذﻟﻚ ﺒﯿﺐ اﻟﻄّ ُ ً ِ ﻌﯿﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﺗﻞ. اﻟﻠّ ِ 297 DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-43 The practice exercises (1) Carefully read the text, then discuss how the idioms are used to convey the meaning. (2) Translate the text into English, making sure that your final translation reads like authentic English and reproduces the content and style of the text. (3) Express what you understand in Arabic by using the idioms appearing in the text. Ensure to use all the idioms from the text correctly. (4) Choose the correct idioms to fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences. 1 ھﺬا اﻟﻔﻨﺪق ﺗﺘﻮﻓّﺮ ﻓﯿﮫ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ وﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﺮاﺣﺔ _______ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻨﺪق اﻟﺬي أﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﻓﯿﮫ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻋﺎم. أ ب ج ﻧﺎھﯿﻚ ﻋﻦ رأﺳﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻘﺐ ً إذا ﻣﺎ ﻗﻮرن 2 ﻟﻤﺎذا _____ اﻟﺮﺟﻞ إﻟﯿﻚ ______ ﻣﻦ وراء اﻟﺠﺮﯾﺪة؟ أ ب ج ﯾﻌﯿﺪ ّ اﻟﻜﺮة ﯾﺨﺘﻠﺲ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﯾﺨﻠﻒ وﻋﺪه 3 إﻧﮭﺎ ﺗﺤﻠﻢ ﺑﺄن ﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﺒﯿﺖ ﻟﮭﺎ وﺣﺪھﺎ وﺗﻜﻮن ھﻲ _______ ﻓﯿﮫ. أ ب ج اﻵﻣﺮ اﻟﻨﺎھﻲ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﺑﯿﺪه ﺗﺨﻠﻒ وﻋﺪھﺎ 4 ُ ﺳﻤﻌﺖ أن اﻟﺸﺮطﺔ ﻗﺪ ________ اﻟﺼﺒﻲ اﻟﺬي ﺗﺸﺎﺟﺮ ﻣﻊ اﺑﻨﻚ ﯾﻮم أﻣﺲ. أ ب ج أﺧﺬت ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺗﻘﮭﺎ أﺧﺬت ﺑﯿﺪ أﺧﻠﺖ ﺳﺒﯿﻞ 5 ﯾﺘﺤﻤﻞ ﺗﻠﻘﻲ اﻷواﻣﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺪﯾﺮه _______ إﻧﮫ ﻻ ّ زﻣﻼﺋﮫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ. أ ب ج اﻵﻣﺮ اﻟﻨﺎھﻲ ﻧﺎھﯿﻚ ﻋﻦ إذا ﻣﺎ ﻗﻮرن 6 ﻟﻘﺪ ﺟﺮﺑﺖ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ دﻣﯿﺔ ﺧﺸﺒﯿﺔ وﻟﻜﻨﻨﻲ ﻓﺸﻠﺖ، ______ اﻷﺳﺒﻮع اﻟﻤﻘﺒﻞ. أ ب ج ﺳﺄﻋﯿﺪ ّ اﻟﻜﺮة ﺳﺄﺧﻠﻒ وﻋﺪي ﺳﺂﺧﺬ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺗﻘﻲ 298 ﻓﻲ ﺑﯿﺖ اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ 7 ﺳﻤﻌﻨﺎ ﺑﺄن ﺳﺎﺋﻖ ﺣﺎﻓﻠﺔ اﻟﻄﻼّب ﻗﺪ ________ ﯾﻮم اﻟﺠﻤﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ. أ ب ج أﺧﺬ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺄﺧﺬ اﻟﺠﺪ اﻧﺘﻘﻞ إﻟﻰ رﺣﻤﺔ ﷲ أﺧﺬ ﺑﯿﺪ 8 ﻟﻘﺪ _________ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺻﻐﺮھﺎ أن ﺗﻌﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺈﺧﻮﺗﮭﺎ. أ ب ج أﺧﻠﻔﺖ وﻋﺪھﺎ أﺧﺬت ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺗﻘﮭﺎ ﺣﻤﻠﺖ ﻣﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺠﺪ 9 ً ﻓﺼﺎﻋﺪا، ﻟﻦ أﺳﺘﻄﯿﻊ أن أﺗﻔﻖ ﻣﻌﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻲء ﻣﻦ اﻵن ﯾﻌﺪ و______ ﻣﻌﻲ. داﺋﻤﺎ ِ إﻧﮫ ً أ ب ج ﯾﺨﻠﻲ ﺳﺮاﺣﮫ ﯾﺄﺧﺬ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺄﺧﺬ اﻟﺠﺪ ﯾﺨﻠﻒ وﻋﺪه 10 إن اﻟﺘﺴﺮب اﻹﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﯾﻨﺒﻐﻲ أن ________ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻓﻮات اﻷوان. أ ب ج ﯾﺄﺧﺬ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺗﻘﮫ ﯾﺆﺧﺬ ﺑﯿﺪه ﯾﺆﺧﺬ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺄﺧﺬ اﻟﺠﺪ 11 ﻻ ﺗﻨﺒﺲ ﺑﺒﻨﺖ ﺷﻔﺔ ،ﻓﮭﻨﺎك ﻣﻦ _______ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﻮﻟﮫ. أ ب ج ﯾﺴﺘﺮق اﻟﺴﻤﻊ ﯾﺨﺘﻠﺲ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﯾﺄﺧﺬ ﺑﯿﺪه 12 ھﺬا ﺧﺎﺗﻢ ﻣﺒﺎرك ،وﺑﺒﺮﻛﺘﮫ ____ اﻷﻗﺪار _____ ﻧﺤﻮ اﻟﺨﯿﺮ. أ ب ج ﺳﺘﺴﺘﺮق اﻟﺴﻤﻊ ﺳﺘﺨﻠﻲ ﺳﺒﯿﻠﻨﺎ ﺳﺘﺄﺧﺬ ﺑﯿﺪﻧﺎ 13 ﻣﺎ إن وﺻﻞ اﻷوﻻد إﻟﻰ ﺑﯿﺖ ﺟﺪھﻢ ﺣﺘﻰ ________ ﻣﻦ ﺑﯿﺖ ﻣﺮﺗﺐ إﻟﻰ ﻣﻜﺎن أﺷﺒﮫ ﺑﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺣﺮب. أ ب ج اﻧﺘﻘﻞ إﻟﻰ رﺣﻤﺔ ﷲ رأﺳﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻘﺐ ﻗﻠﺒﻮه ً اﻵﻣﺮ اﻟﻨﺎھﻲ (5) Translate the following sentences into Arabic. Translate the words in bold into one of the idioms of this unit. 1 You must take this task seriously. 2 The militia will only release their captives if we release their chief. 299 The practice exercises 3 The servant peeked furtively through the keyhole. 4 We are asking God to help and guide us. 5 The commander took upon himself the responsibility of military affairs. 6 She caught them eavesdropping outside the window. 7 The president broke his promise to fix the debt. 8 But that’s nothing when compared to the suffering of the refugees. 9 I was so embarrassed and never did it again. 10 This reclusive neighbour does not have a friend, much less a wife. 11 His Royal Highness the Emir passed away last night. 12 My life was turned upside down when my mother-in-law came to live with us. 13 My mother is the boss and the one in control in this house. (6) Use the idioms of this unit in sentences of your own. This practice exercise covers the following Arabic idioms: أﺧﺬ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺗﻘﮫ أﺧﻠﻒ وﻋﺪه أﻋﺎد اﻟ َﻜﺮّة رأﺳًﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻘﺐ 300 أﺧﺬ ﺑﯿﺪه أﺧﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﯿﻠﮫ اﺳﺘﺮق اﻟﺴﻤﻊ اﻧﺘﻘﻞ إﻟﻰ رﺣﻤﺔ ﷲ إذا ﻣﺎ ﻗﻮرن اﺧﺘﻠﺲ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ أﺧﺬه ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺄﺧﺬ اﻟﺠﺪ ﺣﻤﻠﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺠﺪ اﻵﻣﺮ اﻟﻨﺎھﻲ ﻧﺎھﯿﻚ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻠﻘﺎء اﻷول 13 اﻟﻀ ُ ﺪﻓﺔ وﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن ّ وﺑﻤﺤﺾ ﱡ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﻢ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺚ ﻣﻊ أطﺮاف ﯾﺘﺠﺎذﺑﻮن ﯿﻮف َ َ ِ ِ اﻟﺼ ِ ِ ً اﻟﺤﻔﻞ ﻟﻤﺢ ُﻋﻤﺮ وﺟﮭًﺎ ﻣﺄﻟﻮﻓﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ ّ ﯿﻮف ﻓﺎﺗﺠﮫ ﻧﺤﻮه. اﻟﻀ ِ – ھﻞ ﺣﻀﺮﺗﻚ اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ ﻓﺮﯾﺪ ﺳﺎﻣﺮ؟ – ﺗﻘﺼﺪ ﻓﺆاد ﺳﺎﻣﺮ. ﻋﺬرا أﺳﺘﺎذ ﻓﺆاد ﻓﻘﺪ ﺧﺎﻧﺘﻨﻲ ّ اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة ،اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ ﻓﺆاد ﺳﺎﻣﺮ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻣﻲ ذاﺋﻊ ّ اﻟﺼﯿﺖ؟ – أﺳﺘﻤﯿﺤﻚ ً َ – ﺑﺸﺤﻤﮫ وﻟﺤﻤﮫ. – أﻧﺎ ﻋﻤﺮ زﯾﺪان ،إن ﻟﻢ ﺗﺨﻨّﻲ ّ َ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺻﺪﯾﻖ واﻟﺪي اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻮم اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة ﻓﺤﻀﺮﺗﻚ ﻋﺎطﻒ زﯾﺪان اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻣﻲ. ّ ورﺣﺐ ﺑﻌﻤﺮ أﯾّﻤﺎ ﺗﺮﺣﯿﺐ ﻓﺎﻟﻤﺮﺣﻮم اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ أﺳﺎرﯾﺮ اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ ﻓﺆاد ﺣﯿﻦ ﺳﻤﻊ ذﻟﻚ اﻧﻔﺮﺟﺖ ُ ٌ ٌ ﺣﺪﯾﺚ ﺷﺒﺎﺑﮫ .ﺛﻢ دار ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻤﺎ ﺣﻤﯿﻤﺎ ﻟﮫ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎطﻒ ﻛﺎن ﺻﺪﯾﻘًﺎ ِ طﻮﯾﻞ ،أﻓﻀﻰ إﻟﻰ أن ﯾُﺨﺒﺮهُ ً ﺑﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﯿّﺔ ﻛﺎن ﯾُﻮاﺟﮭُﮭﺎ. ﻋﻤﺮ َ أﻏﺘﻨﻢ ﻓﺮﺻﺔَ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﯿّﺔ؟ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ ﻷﺳﺘﺸﯿﺮك وﺟﻮدك ھﻨﺎ اﻟﯿﻮم – ھﻞ ﻟﻲ أن َ ِ ِ َ ِ ُ – ﻋﻠﻰ ّ ﺧﯿﺮا إن ﺷﺎء ﷲ؟ واﻟﺴﻌﺔ ،أﻧﺎ ﺣﺐ رھﻦ إﺷﺎرﺗﻚً . ﱢ اﻟﺮ ِ ﺑﻲ ﱡ اﻟﺪﻧﯿﺎ. – أﺗﻤﻨّﻰ ﻟﻮ ﺗُﺴﺪي ﻟﻲ ﻣﻌﺮوﻓًﺎ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺿﺎﻗﺖ َ – ﺣﺴﻨًﺎ ،ﯾُﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ أن ﻧﻠﺘﻘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﻲ ً ﺗﺠﻠﺐ ﻣﻌﻚ ّ ّ ﻏﺪا وﻣﻦ ّ ﮭﻤﺔ ﺮوري أن اﻟﻀ َ اﻟﻤ ّ ﻛﻞ اﻷوراق ُ ﺳﻨﺠﺪ ًّ ُ ﺣﻼ .ﻻ ﺗﺪري ﯾﺎ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻛﻢ ﻛﺎن أدرﺳﮭﺎ ﺑﺤﺬاﻓﯿﺮھﺎ ،وإن ﺷﺎء ﷲ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺤﻮزﺗﻚ ﻛﻲ َ ً ﻋﻠﻲ. واﻟﺪك رﺣﻤﮫُ ﷲ ﺻﺪﯾﻘًﺎ ﻋﺰﯾﺰا ّ واﻟﺤﻖ ﯾُﻘﺎل ّ ﱡ ّ إن اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ ﻓﺆاد ﻟﻢ ﯾﺨﯿﱢﺐ أﻣﻠﮫُ ﺑﻞ وآﻟﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﯿﺮا، ﺗﻮﺳَﻢ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ ﻓﺆاد ً ﻗﺪﯾﻢ ﻟﮫ. ﯾﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﺑﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ ﺑﺄن َ ِ ﺻﺪﯾﻖ ٍ ٍ 301 DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-44 The practice exercises (1) Carefully read the text, then discuss how the idioms are used to convey the meaning. (2) Translate the text into English, making sure that your final translation reads like authentic English and reproduces the content and style of the text. (3) Express what you understand in Arabic by using the idioms appearing in the text. Ensure to use all the idioms from the text correctly. (4) Choose the correct idioms to fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences. 1 ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎن ﺳﻲء اﻟﻄﺒﺎع ،وﻟﻜﻦ _______ ﻛﺎن ﻛﺮﯾﻤﺎ إﻟﻰ أﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﺪود. ً أ ب ج ﺑﺤﺬاﻓﯿﺮه اﻟﺤﻖ ﯾﻘﺎل ﺑﻤﺤﺾ اﻟﺼﺪﻓﺔ 2 ً ﻣﻮﺟﻮدا ﺑﯿﻨﻨﺎ ،دﻋﻨﻲ _______ ﻣﺎدام ﻋﻤﻚ ﻛﻲ أوﺟﮫ ﻟﮫ ﺷﻜﺮي ﻷﻧﮫ ﺳﺎﻋﺪﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﺠﺎح ﻓﻲ اﻻﻣﺘﺤﺎن. أ ب ج ﺧﯿﺮا أﺗﻮﺳﻢ ﻓﯿﮫ ً أﺧﯿّﺐ أﻣﻠﮫ أﻏﺘﻨﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﺻﺔ 3 إن ﻟﻢ ________ ،ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺳﻔﯿﻨﺔ ﺷﺮاﻋﯿﺔ ﺗﺮﺳﻮ ﻓﻲ ھﺬا اﻟﻤﻜﺎن. أ ب ج ّ ﺧﯿﺮا أﺗﻮﺳﻢ ً ﺗﺨﻨّﻲ اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة أﻏﺘﻨﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﺻﺔ 4 ّ ﻗﺮرت اﻋﺘﺰال اﻟﺘﻤﺜﯿﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ أن ______ ﻛﺄﻓﻀﻞ ﻓﻨﺎﻧﺔ دراﻣﺎ. أ ب ج آﻟﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﮭﺎ أﺳﺪت ﻣﻌﺮوﻓًﺎ ذاع ﺻﯿﺘﮭﺎ 5 ﻟﻘﺪ ________ ﺑﻌﺪ أن ﻗﺮرت اﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎءه ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺸﺎرﻛﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ. أ ب ج ﺧﺎب أﻣﻠﮫ آﻟﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ ﺧﯿﺮا ﺗﻮﺳﻢ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ ً 6 ________ ،ﻷﻧﻨﻲ ّ ﺻﺪﻗﺖ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻗﯿﻞ ﻋﻨﻚ ﻣﻦ أﻛﺎذﯾﺐ. أ ب ج واﻟﺤﻖ ﯾﻘﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﺣﺐ واﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﻋﺬرا أﺳﺘﻤﯿﺤﻚ ً 302 اﻟﻠﻘﺎء اﻷول 7 ﺗﻘﻮل إﻧﮭﺎ _______ أن ﺗﺼﺒﺢ أﻓﻀﻞ ﺳﺎﺋﻘﺔ ﺳﺒﺎق ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺎرﯾﺦ. أ ب ج ﺿﺎﻗﺖ ﺑﮭﺎ اﻟﺪﻧﯿﺎ آﻟﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﮭﺎ اﻧﻔﺮﺟﺖ أﺳﺎرﯾﺮھﺎ 8 ﻟﻘﺪ ________ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ رأى أوﻻده ﻓﻲ اﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻟﮫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻄﺎر. أ ب ج ﺧﺎﻧﺘﮫ اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة ذاع ﺻﯿﺘﮫ اﻧﻔﺮﺟﺖ أﺳﺎرﯾﺮه 9 ﻟﻘﺪ ﺻﻨﻌﻨﺎ وﻟﯿﻤﺔ ﺛﻮاﺑًﺎ ﻟﻮاﻟﺪﻧﺎ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻓﻰ ﻓﻤﻦ ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﻓــ ________. أ ب ج ﺑﺸﺤﻤﮫ وﻟﺤﻤﮫ رھﻦ إﺷﺎرﺗﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﺣﺐ واﻟﺴﻌﺔ 10 ﻟﻘﺪ _________ ﻷﻧﮫ ﻟﻢ ﯾﺴﺘﻄﻊ أن ﯾﺒﯿﻊ اﻟﺴﻤﻚ اﻟﺬي اﺻﻄﺎده. أ ب ج ﺧﺎﻧﺘﮫ اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة ﺿﺎﻗﺖ ﺑﮫ اﻟﺪﻧﯿﺎ ذاع ﺻﯿﺘﮫ 11 ﻛﺎن داﺋﻢ اﻟﺘﻔﻜﯿﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺟﻞ اﻟﺬي _______ أ ب ج أﺳﺪى ﻟﮫ ﻣﻌﺮوﻓًﺎ اﻏﺘﻨﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﺻﺔ ﺿﺎﻗﺖ ﺑﮫ اﻟﺪﻧﯿﺎ 12 إن ﻛﻠﺐ اﻟﺼﯿﺪ ________ اﻟﺼﯿﺎد ﻣﺘﺄھﺒًﺎ ﻟﻼﻧﻘﻀﺎض ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻔﺮﯾﺴﺔ. أ ب ج ﺑﺤﺬاﻓﯿﺮه ﺧﯿﺮا ﻓﻲ ﯾﺘﻮﺳﻢ ً رھﻦ إﺷﺎرة 13 إﻧﻨﻲ _______ وﻗﺪ واﻓﻘﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ زواﺟﻚ ﻣﻦ اﺑﻨﺘﻲ. أ ب ج أﺗﺠﺎذب أطﺮاف اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺚ أﺗﻮﺳﻢ ﻓﯿﻚ اﻟﺨﯿﺮ ﻋﺬرا أﺳﺘﻤﯿﺤﻚ ً 14 أﺗﺮى ذﻟﻚ اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ،إﻧﮫ رﺋﯿﺲ اﻟﺠﻤﮭﻮرﯾﺔ ________. أ ب ج ﺑﺤﺬاﻓﯿﺮه ﺑﺸﺤﻤﮫ وﻟﺤﻤﮫ رھﻦ إﺷﺎرﺗﮫ وأﻋﻄﺎه اﻟﻤﺎل ﻓﻲ وﻗﺖ اﻟﺸﺪة وھﻮ ﻻ ﯾﻌﺮﻓﮫ. 303 The practice exercises ﺗﺨﻮﻧﮭﻢ اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة ﺗﺨﯿﺐ آﻣﺎﻟﮭﻢ ﯾﺘﺠﺎذﺑﻮن أطﺮاف اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺚ أ ب ج ﻛﺜﯿﺮا ﻣﺎ ﻧﺠﺪ ﻛﺒﺎر اﻟﺴﻦ وھﻢ _________ ﻓﻲ ً .ﺳﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻀﺤﻰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﮭﻰ 15 ﺑﺸﺤﻤﮫ وﻟﺤﻤﮫ ﺑﺤﺬاﻓﯿﺮه ﺑﻤﺤﺾ اﻟﺼﺪﻓﺔ أ ب ج ﻗﺎﻣﺖ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺑﺘﻄﺒﯿﻖ اﻟﻤﻨﮭﺎج اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﻲ 16 ﺑﺤﺬاﻓﯿﺮه ﺑﻤﺤﺾ اﻟﺼﺪﻓﺔ ﺑﺸﺤﻤﮫ وﻟﺤﻤﮫ أ ب ج ّ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎن ﻟﻘﺎؤھﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﮭﻰ،ﺗﺼﺪق اﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺎت ﻻ ._______ 17 ._________ (5) Translate the following sentences into Arabic. Translate the words in bold into one of the idioms of this unit. 1 By pure chance, I met the consultant in the afternoon. 2 Pardon me, can you elaborate on that? 3 If my memory serves me right, the department was established in May 1987. 4 His face lit up when he heard the news. 5 Don’t expect to have him at your beck and call. 6 I can assure you sir that we have followed the plan to the letter. 7 Can I attend the meeting? – Of course, by all means. 8 We ought to seize this opportunity to promote peace in the Middle East. 9 I didn’t like his attitude, but to be fair, he’s done a superb job. 10 We sat and conversed for a long time. 11 “You saw the actress?” the husband asked. “Yes, in the fesh”, the wife replied. 12 Sadly, his father’s hopes were disappointed. 13 I don’t want to disappoint your expectations. 14 This is the last time I do her a favour. 15 After that, Ibn Battuta became a renowned explorer. 304 اﻟﻠﻘﺎء اﻷول 16 I took upon myself to protect her reputation. 17 Don’t expect good in a nation that leaves its people suffering. (6) Use the idioms of this unit in sentences of your own. This practice exercise covers the following Arabic idioms: اﻧﻔﺮﺟﺖ أﺳﺎرﯾﺮه اﻟﺤﻖ ﯾﻘﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﺣﺐ واﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﺧﺎﻧﺘﮫ اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة أﺳﺘﻤﯿﺤﻚ ﻋﺬرًا ذاع ﺻﯿﺘﮫ 305 ﺑﻤﺤﺾ اﻟﺼﺪﻓﺔ ﺑﺤﺬاﻓﯿﺮه اﻏﺘﻨﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﺻﺔ ﺗﻮﺳﻢ ﺧﯿﺮًا ﺑﺸﺤﻤﮫ وﻟﺤﻤﮫ أﺳﺪى ﻟﮫ ﻣﻌﺮوﻓًﺎ آﻟﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ رھﻦ إﺷﺎرة ﺿﺎﻗﺖ ﺑﮫ اﻟﺪﻧﯿﺎ ﺗﺠﺎذب أطﺮاف اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺚ ﺧﺎب أﻣﻠﮫ وﻛﺎن اﻟﻠﻘﺎء اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ 14 ً ﺣﺎﻣﻼ ﻣﻌﮫ اﻟﯿﻮم اﻟﺘّﺎﻟﻲ دﺧﻞ ﻋﻤﺮ زﯾﺪان إﻟﻰ ﻣﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻣﻲ ﻓﺆاد ﺳﺎﻣﺮ ﺻﺒﺎح وﻓﻲ ِ ِ اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺟﺎء ﻣﻦ أﺟﻠﮭﺎّ . رﺣﺐ ﺑﮫ أوراﻗًﺎ ﻛﺜﯿﺮةً ﻟﯿُﺴﻠّﻤﮭﺎ إﻟﯿﮫ وﯾُﺨﺒﺮه ﻋﻦ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﯿﻞ ِ ﻛﺮﺳﻲ ﻗﺒﺎﻟﺘﮫ. ﻓﻨﺠﺎن ﻗﮭﻮة ﺑﻌﺪﻣﺎ أﺟﻠﺴﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ وطﻠﺐ ﻟﮫ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻣﻲ َ َ ﱟ ُ ُ ﯾﻌﺠﺰ ﻟﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘّﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺷﻜﺮي ﻟﻚ أﺳﺘﺎذ ﻓﺆاد. أوراق اﻟﻘﻀﯿ ِّﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ أﺧﺒﺮﺗُﻚ ﻋﻨﮭﺎ. – ھﺬه ُ ٌ ﻟﻨﻨﺎﻗﺶ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﯿﻞ اﻟﻘﻀﯿﺔ اﻟﯿﻮم. ﻣﺘﺴﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻟﺪﯾﻚ أﻋﺮف إن ﻛﺎن ﻻ َ َ ُ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﻜﺎﻓﻲ وﻛﻠّﻲ ٌ آذان أﻗﻮم ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪﺗﻚ ﯾﺎ ﻋﻤﺮ .ﻧﻌﻢ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ – ﻣﻦ دواﻋﻲ ﺳﺮوري أن َ ّ ﻼع ﺑﺘﻔﺎﺻﯿﻠﮭﺎ. ﻣﺼﻐﯿﺔ ،أﺧﺒِﺮﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻀﻠﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻀﯿﺔ َ ﻷﻛﻮن ﻋﻠﻰ اط ٍ ﺑﻤﺮض ُﻋﻀﺎل أﻗﻌﺪهُ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻞُ ، ﻛﻨﺖ أﻧﺎ وﻗﺘﮭﺎ ﻗﺪ أﺻﯿﺐ واﻟﺪي – ﺑﻌﺪ أن اﻧﺘﻘﻠﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ، َ ٍ ﺗﺨﺮ ُ ّ اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﻲ ،وﻛﺎﻧﺖ واﻟﺪﺗﻲ ﻜﻤﻞ ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻤﮫُ ﻟﻠﺘﻮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ وﻛﺎن أﺧﻲ اﻷﺻﻐﺮ ﻣﺎزن ﯾُ ُ ﺟﺖ ّ ّ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺿﻤﯿﺮي أن أﺗﻜﻔَّﻞ ﻟﻮﺣﺪي ﺑﻤﺼﺎرﯾﻒ اﻟﺒﯿﺖ، ﯾﻌﺪ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻣﻌﯿﻞ .وﻗﺪ أﻣﻠﻰ رﺑّﺔَ ﺑﯿﺖ ﻓﻠﻢ ُ ﱠ ﺣﯿﺚ اﺿﻄُ ُ وﻣﺼﺎرﯾﻒ ﻋﻼج واﻟﺪي ﻣﺼﺎرﯾﻒ اﻟﺒﯿﺖ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ وظﯿﻔﺘﯿﻦ ﻛﻲ أﻏﻄَّﻲ ﺮرت َ َ ِ دراﺳﺔ أﺧﻲ .وﻟﻢ ُ ﺗﻜﻦ اﻟﺤﯿﺎةُ ﺳﮭﻠﺔً ،ﻓﻘﺪ ُ ﱢ اﻟﻤﺎل أﺣﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻨﺖ وﻣﺼﺎرﯾﻒ ﺑﺸﻖ اﻷﻧﻔﺲ ُ َ ِ ِ ّ ّ أﺧﯿﺮا ،ﻓﻘﺪ ّ ّ وﺗﻤﻜَﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺨﺮج ﻣﺎزن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ وﻟﻜﻦ ﷲ وﻓّﻘﻨﻲ واﺳﺘﻤﺮ ذﻟﻚ ﻟﺴﻨﻮات. ً ّ وﯾﺸﺎء ﷲ ﻓﻲ اﻷﺛﻨﺎء أن ﺗﺘﻮﻓّﻰ واﻟﺪﺗﻲ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺣﺰن ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ واﻟﺪي ﺣﯿﺎﺗﮫ. واﺳﺘﻘﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ُ ِ ُ ﱠ ﺣﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ ﺑﺄﺷﮭﺮ ﻗﻠﯿﻠﺔ .ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﺑﺴﻨﺘﯿﻦ ﺗﻐﻤﺪهُ ﷲ ﺑﺮﺣﻤﺘﮫ َ أﺷﺪ اﻟﺤﺰن إﻟﻰ أن ّ ِ ُ ُ ﺗﻜﻮن ﺑﮫ ﺷﻘّﺔً ﻛﻲ ﺑﮫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎل وﻧﺠﺤﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﺎرج، َ ﻣﺒﻠﻎ ﻻ َ اﺷﺘﺮﯾﺖ ِ ﺑﺄس ِ ٍ ٍ أﻋﻄﯿﺖ أﺧﻲ ﻣﺎزن وﻛﺎﻟﺔً ﻋﺎﻣﺔً ُ ّ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮي ﻋﻨﺪ ﻋﻮدﺗﻲ ،وﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ إﻗﺎﻣﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﺎرج ﻓﻘﺪ ﺪﻣﺖ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻟﻢ ُ ﺻ ُ ُ أﻛﻦ أﺗﻮﻗّﻌﮫُ. ﯾﻘﻀﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺤﻲ ھﻨﺎ رﯾﺜﻤﺎ أﻋﻮد .وﺣﯿﻦ ﻟﯿﺘﺴﻨّﻰ ﻟﮫُ أن ﻋﺪت ُ َ ُ ّ وﺟﺪت ّ أن أﺧﻲ ﻣﺎزن ﻗﺪ ّ أﺧﺒﺮﻧﻲ اﻟﺤﺪ ،ﻓﻘﺪ ﺑﺎﺳﻤﮫ ،وﻟﯿﺘﮫُ وﻗﻒ ﻋﻨﺪ ھﺬا ﺳﺠﻞ ﺷﻘّﺘﻲ ﻓﻘﺪ َ ِ ﻤﺴﺎر ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ أﻧّﮭﺎ ﻣﻌﺮوﺿﺔٌ ﻟﻠﺒﯿﻊ .ﱡ ٌ وﯾﻀﺮب ﯾﻨﻜﺮ اﻟﺠﻤﯿﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ أن أرى أﺧﻲ ﯾﻌﺰ ِﺳ ُ ُ ﱠ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺘﯿﻼء ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻘّﺘﻲ اﻟﺘﻲ ھﻲ ّ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ أﻣﻠﻚ ،وﻻ ﺳﯿّﻤﺎ أﻧّﻨﻲ وﯾﻘﻮم ﻋﺮض اﻟﺤﺎﺋﻂ ﺑﺈﺧﻮﺗﻨﺎ ّ َ ِ ُ DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-45 306 وﻛﺎن اﻟﻠﻘﺎء اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ُ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻠﺖ ﻣﻌﮫُ ّ أﺿﺮب طﻮال ﺣﯿﺎﺗﻲ .وﻗﺪ ﺟﻌﻠﻨﻲ ذﻟﻚ ﻗﯿﺪ أُﻧﻤﻠﺔ ُ ﺑﻜﻞ ُﺣﺴﻦ ﻧﯿّﺔ وﻟﻢ أؤذه َ َ وﺟﮫ ّ ﺣﻖ؟ واﻷﻧﻜﻰ ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ أﻧّﻨﻲ ﺣﯿﻦ أﺧﻤﺎﺳﺎ ﻷﺳﺪاس ،ﻟﻤﺎذا اﺳﺘﻮﻟﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻘّﺘﻲ دون ً ِ واﺟﮭﺘﮫُ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺮ ﺛﺎرت ﺛﺎﺋﺮﺗﮫُ دون أن ّ ُ أرﺳﻠﺖ إﻟﯿﮫ أﻛﺜﺮ ﮭﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ .وﻗﺪ ﯾﺘﻤﻜَﻦ ﻣﻦ درأ اﻟﺘﱡ ِ ّ اﻟﻜﻼم ﻣﻌﮫ. طﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻄﺎء أﺧﺒﺮوﻧﻲ ﺑﺄﻧّﮫ ﻻ اﻟﻮ ﺻﻮاﺑﮫ ﻣﻦ وﺳﯿﻂ ﻟﻌﻠّﮫ ﯾﻌﻮد إﻟﻰ وﻟﻜﻦ ُ َ ِ َ ِ ٌ ُ ﻣﺆﺳﻒ ً اﻹﺟﺮاءات ﻗﺒﻞ أﻋﺘﻘﺪ أﻧّﮫ ﯾﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻋﻠﯿﻨﺎ اﻹﺳﺮاع ﻓﻲ ﯾﺤﺼﻞ ذﻟﻚ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻹﺧﻮة. ﺟﺪا أن – َ ِ اﻟﺸﻘّﺔُ ﺒﺎع ّ ُ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ وﺗُ ُ ً ﺎﺣﯿﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﯿّﺔ. اﻷﻣﻮر أﻛﺜﺮ وﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﺪاھﻤﻨﺎ ُ ُ ﺗﻌﻘﯿﺪا ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨّ ِ أن ﯾُ َ (1) Carefully read the text, then discuss how the idioms are used to convey the meaning. (2) Translate the text into English, making sure that your final translation reads like authentic English and reproduces the content and style of the text. (3) Express what you understand in Arabic by using the idioms appearing in the text. Ensure to use all the idioms from the text correctly. (4) Choose the correct idioms to fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences. 1 إﻧﮫ ﯾﺤﺎول أن _______ ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ اﻟﻤﻤﺘﻠﻜﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻤﻄﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﺑﺎﻻطﻼع ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺴﺠﯿﻼت ﻛﺎﻣﯿﺮات اﻟﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ. 2 ھﻞ ﻋﺮﻓﺖ ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺟﺮى ﻓﻲ ﺟﻠﺴﺔ اﻟﺒﺮﻟﻤﺎن أ ﯾﻌ ّﺰ ﻋﻠ ّﻲ ب ﻛﻠﻲ آذان ﻣﺼﻐﯿﺔ ج واﻷﻧﻜﻰ ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺣﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺮﯾﺪة ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة أ ﺗﻐﻤﺪه ﷲ ﺑﺮﺣﻤﺘﮫ ب ﺿﺮب ﺑﮫ ﻋﺮض اﻟﺤﺎﺋﻂ ج أﻧﻜﺮ اﻟﺠﻤﯿﻞ اﻟﺴﺮﯾﺔ؟ ھﺎت ﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﺪك ________. 3 ﺻﺪﯾﻘﮫ ،وﻟﻜﻨﮫ ﺳﺮﻋﺎن ﻣﺎ _______ وﻛﺘﺐ ً ﻣﻘﺎﻻ ﯾﻨﺘﻘﺪ أداء ﺻﺪﯾﻘﮫ ﻛﺼﺤﻔﻲ. 4 أ ﺑﺸﻖ اﻷﻧﻔﺲ ب ﺑﺤﺴﻦ ﻧﯿﺔ ج ﯾﺪرأ ﺗﮭﻤﺔ ﻟﻢ ﻧﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل إﻟﻰ ﻗﻤﺔ ھﺬا اﻟﺠﺒﻞ ّإﻻ _______. 307 أ ﺑﺸﻖ اﻷﻧﻔﺲ ب ﻗﯿﺪ أﻧﻤﻠﺔ ج دون وﺟﮫ ﺣﻖ The practice exercises ّ ﯾﻌﺰ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ أ ب ﺗﺜﺮ ﺛﺎﺋﺮﺗﮫ ّ ﯾﺘﺴﻦ ﻟﮫ ج 5 ﺑﺴﺒﺐ إﻏﻼق اﻟﻤﻄﺎرات ﻓﺈﻧﮫ ﻟﻢ _______ ﺟﻮا. ﻣﻐﺎدرة اﻟﺒﻠﺪ ً 6 أود أن ّ أؤﻛﺪ ﻟﻜﻢ ّ أﺧﻤﺎﺳﺎ ﻷﺳﺪاس أن اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ________ ﺑﻘﻀﯿﺔ أ ﺗﻀﺮب ً ب ﺗﺴﻨﻰ ﻟﮭﺎ اﻟﻤﻮاطﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﺠﺰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺎﺧﺮة. ج ﻋﻠﻰ اطﻼع 7 _______ اﻟﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ أﻟﻤﻲ ﻟﻤﺼﺎﺑﻜﻢ ﺑﻮاﻟﺪﻛﻢ. أ ﻣﻦ دواﻋﻲ ﺳﺮوري ب ﯾﻌﺠﺰ ﻟﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﻦ ّ ﻋﻠﻲ ج ﯾﻌﺰ ّ 8 ﻣﺎ ﯾﺰال أﻣﺎﻣﻨﺎ ________ ﻗﺒﻞ وﺻﻮل اﻟﻘﻄﺎر. أ داھﻤﻨﺎ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ب ﻗﯿﺪ أﻧﻤﻠﺔ ج ﻣﺘﺴﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ 9 ___________ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻧﺸﺮ ﺻﻮرة ﻟﮭﺎ ﺑﺪون ﻣﻜﯿﺎج. أ درأت اﻟﺘﮭﻤﺔ ﻋﻨﮭﺎ ب داھﻤﮭﺎ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ج أﻗﺎﻣﺖ اﻟﺪﻧﯿﺎ وﻟﻢ ﺗﻘﻌﺪھﺎ 10إن اﻟﺘﺤﺬﯾﺮات اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﻄﻠﻘﮭﺎ أﻓﺮاد اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﯿﺮان _______ ،ﻓﮭﻲ ﻣﺠﺮد ﻛﻼم ﻻ ﻏﯿﺮ. أ ﺑﺸﻖ اﻷﻧﻔﺲ ب ﻻ طﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻦ وراﺋﮭﺎ ج دون وﺟﮫ ﺣﻖ 11ﻣﻌﺮوف ﻋﻦ واﻟﺪﺗﻲ اﻟﻌﻨﺎد ،وھﻲ إن اﺗﺨﺬت ﻣﻮﻗﻔًﺎ ﻓﺈﻧﮭﺎ ﻻ ﺗﺘﺰﺣﺰح ﻋﻨﮫ _______. أ ﻗﯿﺪ أﻧﻤﻠﺔ ب ﺗﻀﺮب ﺑﮫ ﻋﺮض اﻟﺤﺎﺋﻂ ج ﺑﺤﺴﻦ ﻧﯿﺔ 12ﻛﺎن اﻷﻣﯿﺮ ________ ﻣﺤﺒًﺎ ﻟﻮطﻨﮫ وﻋﻄﻮﻓًﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻌﺒﮫ. أ ﺗﻐﻤﺪه ﷲ ﺑﺮﺣﻤﺘﮫ أﺧﻤﺎﺳﺎ ﻷﺳﺪاس ب ﯾﻀﺮب ً ﻧﺎﻛﺮا ﻟﻠﺠﻤﯿﻞ ج ً 308 وﻛﺎن اﻟﻠﻘﺎء اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ 13ﻟﻢ ﺗﺘﻢ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺆول اﻟﻔﺎﺳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺴﺎده ،ﺑﻞ و_______ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻜﺮﯾﻤﮫ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺲ. أ أﻣﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﺿﻤﯿﺮه ب ﺑﺸﻖ اﻷﻧﻔﺲ ج اﻷﻧﻜﻰ ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ ________ 14ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﺄن زوﺟﺘﮫ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺮﻛﺖ اﻟﺒﯿﺖ دون ﻋﻠﻤﮫ. أ ﺛﺎرت ﺛﺎﺋﺮﺗﮫ ب داھﻤﮫ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ج ﻻ طﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻦ وراﺋﮫ 15دوﻧﻤﺎ ﺗﻔﻜﯿﺮ ﻗﺎم ﺑﺈطﻌﺎم اﻟﻜﻠﺐ اﻟﺠﺎﺋﻊ ،ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﺼﺮف أ ﯾﺪرأ اﻟﺘﮭﻤﺔ ﻋﻨﮫ ب ﯾﻤﻠﯿﮫ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﺿﻤﯿﺮه ﺑﻤﺎ ________. ج ﺣﺴﻦ ﻧﯿﺔ 16ﻟﻘﺪ وﺟﺪﺗﮫ ________ ﺑﻌﺪ أن وﺻﻠﺘﮫ أﻧﺒﺎء اﻧﮭﯿﺎر ﺳﻮق اﻟﺒﻮرﺻﺔ. أ ﯾﻌﻮد ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻮاﺑﮫ ب دون وﺟﮫ ﺣﻖ أﺧﻤﺎﺳﺎ ﻷﺳﺪاس ج ﯾﻀﺮب ً 17ﺑﻌﺪ أن اﻧﺘﺎﺑﺘﮫ ﻧﻮﺑﺔ ﻏﻀﺐ ھﺪد ﻓﯿﮭﺎ زﻣﯿﻠﮫ وﺗﻮﻋﺪه ________ ،واﻋﺘﺬر ﻣﻨﮫ. أ ﺿﺮب ﺑﮫ ﻋﺮض اﻟﺤﺎﺋﻂ ّ ﻋﺰ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ب ج ﻋﺎد إﻟﻰ ﺻﻮاﺑﮫ 18إﻧﮫ ________ أن ّ ﻧﺘﻘﺪم ﻟﺨﻄﺒﺔ ﻛﺮﯾﻤﺘﻜﻢ ﻟﻮﻟﺪﻧﺎ. ّ ﯾﻌﺰ ﻋﻠﯿﻨﺎ أ ب ﻣﻦ دواﻋﻲ ﺳﺮورﻧﺎ ج ﻻ طﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻦ وراء 19إن ________ وﺳﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻮﺟﺔ اﻟﻔﯿﻀﺎن إﻟﻰ ھﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ أﯾﺔ ﻟﺤﻈﺔ. أ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﯾﺪاھﻤﻨﺎ ب ﻣﺘﺴﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ج ﻻ طﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻦ وراﺋﮫ 20إن أي ﺗﺸﺮﯾﻊ ﯾﺘﻨﺎﻓﻰ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺒﺎدئ اﻟﺪﺳﺘﻮر ﯾﻨﺒﻐﻲ أن ______. أﺧﻤﺎﺳﺎ ﻷﺳﺪاس أ ﯾﻀﺮب ً ب ﯾﻌﻮد إﻟﻰ ﺻﻮاﺑﮫ ج ﯾﻀﺮب ﺑﮫ ﻋﺮض اﻟﺤﺎﺋﻂ 309 The practice exercises أ دون وﺟﮫ ﺣﻖ ب ﺑﺤﺴﻦ ﻧﯿﺔ ّ ﺗﻌﺰ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ج ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻘﺎﺗﮭﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻈﺎرﺗﮫ، ﻟﻢ ﺗﻘﺼﺪ إﯾﺬاءه21 ._______ أ ﻋﻠﻰ اطﻼع ب ﻗﯿﺪ أﻧﻤﻠﺔ ج دون وﺟﮫ ﺣﻖ رﻏﻢ رﺿﺎھﺎ ّإﻻ أﻧﮫ ﻻ ﯾﺠﻮز أن ﯾﺘﺼﺮف22 ._______ ﺑﺄﻣﻮاﻟﮭﺎ أ ﻋﺠﺰ ﻟﺴﺎﻧﮫ ب ﻣﻦ دواﻋﻲ ﺳﺮوره ّ ﻋﺰ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ج ________ أن ﯾﺮى ﺑﯿﺘﮫ اﻟﺬي ﺗﻌﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻨﺎﺋﮫ23 .ﯾﺒﺎع ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺰاد اﻟﻌﻠﻨﻲ (5) Translate the following sentences into Arabic. Translate the words in bold into one of the idioms of this unit. 1 We have run out of time, so let’s discuss it some other time. 2 We extended the deadline with extreme diffculty. 3 When he heard his daughter was dating, he few off the handle. 4 The mother did her best to avert suspicion from her son. 5 She made a scene because the waiter served her assistant first. 6 There are no words to express how thankful we are. 7 Most people are not well-informed about the role of probiotics in gut health. 8 He said she was ungrateful to him after all he had done for her. 9 When I am elected president, I promise to act as my conscience dictates. 10 They will have ample time to complete the test. 11 Due to staff shortage, they were unable to see more patients in the hospital. 12 I believe these discussions are futile. 13 When will she come to her senses and stop talking about this crazy idea! 310 وﻛﺎن اﻟﻠﻘﺎء اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ 14 My husband was so dazed by all the debts that he couldn’t think straight. 15 May God bestow his mercy upon her, and may you always remember her with love. 16 As a gesture of good faith, we are giving it for free. 17 Tell us what happened. We are all ears. 18 It is hard for me to see him in that position. 19 I tried to negotiate a better deal, but the other side would not budge an inch. 20 It is my pleasure to be of help to you. 21 The woman decided to fout tradition and wear whatever she likes. 22 This poor man should not have to die in an unrightful way because of his skin colour. 23 The calorie burn differs from one person to another, and worse yet, people don’t track calories well. (6) Use the idioms of this unit in sentences of your own. This practice exercise covers the following Arabic idioms: ﻋﺠﺰ ﻟﺴﺎﻧﮫ ﻋﻦ أﻧﻜﺮ اﻟﺠﻤﯿﻞ ﺑﺸﻖ اﻷﻧﻔﺲ ﺗﻐﻤﺪه ﷲ ﺑﺮﺣﻤﺘﮫ ﺗﺴﻨّﻰ ﻟﮫ ﺛﺎرت ﺛﺎﺋﺮﺗﮫ أﻗﺎم اﻟﺪﻧﯿﺎ وﻟﻢ ﯾﻘﻌﺪھﺎ ﺿﺮب أﺧﻤﺎﺳًﺎ ﻷﺳﺪاس ﻣﻦ دواﻋﻲ ﺳﺮوره ﺿﺮب ﺑﮫ ﻋﺮض اﻟﺤﺎﺋﻂ ﻗﯿﺪ أﻧﻤﻠﺔ دون وﺟﮫ ﺣﻖ داھﻤﮫ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ أﻣﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﺿﻤﯿﺮه ﻻ طﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻦ وراﺋﮫ ﻣﺘﺴﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻋ ّﺰ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ اطﻼع ﺣﺴﻦ ﻧﯿﺔ ﻛﻠﻲ آذان ﻣﺼﻐﯿﺔ اﻷﻧﻜﻰ ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ درأ اﻟﺘﮭﻤﺔ ﻋﻨﮫ ﻋﺎد إﻟﻰ ﺻﻮاﺑﮫ 311 رﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺷﻜﺮ وﺗﻘﺪﯾﺮ 15 أود ﺑﺎدئ ذي ﺑﺪء أن أُ ﺟﺰﯾﻞ ﱡ ﱡ ﺑﺎﻷﺻﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﻜﺮ واﻻﻣﺘﻨﺎن ﻋﺮب ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﯿﻜﻢ ﻋﻦ َ ِ ِ اﻟﺸ ِ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﻟﻤﺎ ّ ﻹﻧﺠﺎز ”ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ّ اﻟﺴﻼم وﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪة دﻋﻢ ﯿﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻦ َ ٍ وﺑﺎﻟﻨّ ِ ﻗﺪﻣﺘﻤﻮهُ ﻣﻦ ٍ ِ أﺑﺼﺮ ھﺬا ّ ﺿﻮء ﺗﻮﺟﯿﮭﺎﺗِﻜﻢ اﻟﺤﻜﯿﻤﺔ وأﯾﺪﯾﻜﻢ ﻮر ﻋﻠﻰ ﻘﺎﻓﻲ ﻘﺎﻓﻲ “.ﻟﻘﺪ ُ اﻟﺼ ُ اﻟﻜﺒﯿﺮ اﻟﻨّ َ َ اﻟﺜّ ّ ِ ﺮح اﻟﺜّ ﱡ ّ وﺑﺎﻟﻨﯿﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮظّﻔﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻓﺘﺘﺎح اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ ،ﻓﺈﻧّﻨﻲ ﻋﺎم ﻋﻠﻰ ِ اﻟﺴﺨﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻄﺎء .وﻣﻊ ﻣﺮور ٍ ِ ُ أز ﱡ اﻟﻤﺴﺮح ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ ،وھﻲ ﻋﺒﺎرةٌ ﻋﻦ ﻗﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﺴﺮﺣﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أول ف ﻟﻜﻢ ﺑُﺸﺮى ٍ ِ ﻋﺮض ِ ِ ِ َ ﻘﺎﻓﺔ وﻋﻤﻘﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻌﺮض ﺗﺤﻤﻞ اﺳﻢ )ﻣﺴﯿﺮةُ َﻋﻠَﻢ( ﻣﺴﺮﺣﯿﺔ ﻏﻨﺎﺋﯿ ٍّﺔ اﺳﺘﻌﺮاﺿﯿّﺔ ُ ُ ٍ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ اﻟﺜّ ِ ﻣﺪﯾﻨﺘﻨﺎ ودورﻛﻢ اﻟﺮاﺋﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺄﺳﯿﺴﮭﺎ. ً ّ َ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ّ وورﺷﺎ وﻣﻌﺮﺿﺎ وﻣﺴﺮﺣﺎ وﺳﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻘﺎﻓﻲ اﻟﺬي إن ً ً ﯾﻀﻢ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔً ّ اﻟﺴﻼم اﻟﺜّ ّ ﱡ ﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻨﺸﻄﺎﺗﮫ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ،ﻗﺪ أﺻﺒﺢ ﻟﻸﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﻔﻨﯿِّﺔ ﱢ َ ﻧﺎر ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻟَﻢ اﻟﺜّ ِ ِ ِ أﺷﮭﺮ ﻣﻦ ٍ ّ ُ ُ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﯿﮫ أﺻﺒﺤﺖ اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ .ﺣﯿﺚ أﺛﺮا طﯿﺒًﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ واﻟﻔُﻨﻮن ،وﻗﺪ ﺗﺮك ً ّ ِ واﻗﻊ اﻟﺜ ِ ِ ﺗﺰال اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔُ ٌ ُ ﺣﻀﻮرا ﯾﻮﻣﯿًﺎ ﻛﺜﯿﻔًﺎ ﺗﺸﮭﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮاءة واﻻطّﻼع ،وﻣﺎ ﺷﻐﻒ ﻟﺪﯾﮫ ُ ً ﻗِﺒﻠﺔً ﱢ ِ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ِ ً ﻘﺎﻓﯿﺔ اﻷﻋﻤﺎر واﻟﻄّﺒﻘﺎت .ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻨﺸﻂ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ وﻣﺘﺰاﯾﺪا ﻟﻤﺮﺗﺎدﯾﮭﺎ وﻣﻦ اﻟﻮرش اﻟﻔﻨﯿِّﺔ واﻟﺜّ ِ ِ ِ ِ دورات ﺗﺪرﯾﺒﯿّﺔٌ ٌ ٌ ٌ ﺜﻠﺞ وﻣﻮﺳﯿﻘﯿﻮن وأدﺑﺎء ،وھﻲ ﻓﻨﺎﻧﻮن ﯾﻘﻮم ﺑﮭﺎ ﻧﺸﺎطﺎت ﺗُ ُ َ َ وﻧﺸﺎطﺎت ﱢ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔٌ ُ ﻘﺎﻓﻲ ّ ّ واﻟﺬوق اﻟﻔﻨّ ّﻲ ﻟﺪى اﻟﻨّﺎس. إﯾﺠﺎﺑﻲ أﺛﺮ رﻓﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺜّ ّ ﱟ ٍ اﻟﺼﺪر ﻟﻤﺎ ﺳﺘﺘﺮﻛﮫُ ﻣﻦ ٍ ﻛﺒﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ ِ ّ ﻟﺘﻮﺟﯿﮭﺎت ﻣﻌﺎﻟﯿﻜﻢ ﺣﺎﻓﻞ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﻔﻨﯿ ِّﺔ واﻷدﺑﯿ ِّﺔ ﻓﻲ ھﺬا اﻟﻌﺎم وطﺒﻘًﺎ ﻧﺸﺎطﺎت إن ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ِ ِ ِ ﺸﺎطﺎت إﻗﺎﻣﺔَ أُ ﺷﻤﻠﺖ اﻟﻨّ ُ ﻣﺴﯿﺎت ﺗﺮاﺛﯿٍّﺔ وأدﺑﯿ ٍّﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاث اﻟﻤﻤﯿّﺰ ﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺘِﻨﺎ اﻟﻌﺮﯾﻘﺔ .وﻗﺪ ﺑﻘﻀﺎﯾﺎ ٍ ِ ِ ﻛﻞ َﻣﻦ ﻟﮫ ٌ ﺑﺘﺸﺠﯿﻊ ّ ٌ ﺮاث ﺑﺎع أﯾﻀﺎ ﻗُﻤﻨﺎ وﻣﻮﺳﯿﻘﯿ ٍّﺔ وﻣﻌﺎرض ﻓﻨﯿّﺔ .وﺑﮭﺬا اﻻﺗّﺠﺎه ً َ طﻮﯾﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘّ ِ ِ ُ ذﻛﺮﯾﺎت ﻛﺒﺎر ﺗﻮﺛﯿﻖ ﺗﻢ اﻟﻤﺸﺎرﻛﺔ ﻓﻲ ھﺬه اﻟﻨّﺸﺎطﺎت. اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻦ َ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ ذﻟﻚ ّ ِ ِ ِ ً ّ ﻋﺮض ﺗﻢ وﺗﻘﺎﻟﯿﺪھﺎ ﻋﺒﺮ ﺗﺴﺠﯿﻠﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ وﻧﺴﺎء ﻋﻦ رﺟﺎﻻ اﻟﺴّﻦ ُ ٍ ً ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻼت ﺗﻠﻔﺰﯾﻮﻧﯿٍّﺔ ّ ِ ِ أطﻔﺎل اﻟﻤﺪارس. ﺑﻌﻀﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ِ ِ ﺧﺘﺎم رﺳﺎﻟﺘﻲ ھﺬه ﱡ ﻷﻋﺒﺮ ﻟﻜﻢ أﻏﺘﻨﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﺻﺔَ ﻣﺮةً أﺧﺮى أود أن َ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻲ ،إﻧّﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ِ َ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻘﺪﯾﺮي ّ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻘﺎﻓﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ ،وﻓﻲ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺒﺬﻟﻮﻧﮫُ ﻣﻦ ٍ أﺟﻞ رﻓﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺜّ ّ ﺟﮭﻮد ﻣﻦ ِ ِ DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-46 312 رﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺷﻜﺮ وﺗﻘﺪﯾﺮ ﻘﺎﻓﻲ أﻣﺎﻧﺔً ﻓﻲ ُﻋﻨُﻘﻲ وﻟﻦ ّ َ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ّ واﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ أﺗﺮدَد أﻧﺎ أﻋﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻓﺈﻧّﻨﻲ ُ َ اﻟﺴﻼم اﻟﺜّ ّ ﱠ ﯾﻌﻜﺲ رؤﯾﺘَﻜﻢ اﻟﺜّﻘﺎﻓﯿّﺔَ اﻟﻌﻈﯿﻤﺔَ ﻓﻲ ﯾﺴﺘﻤﺮ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺬي أﺟﻞ أن ُ ﺑﺬل اﻟﻐﺎﻟﻲ واﻟﻨّﻔﯿﺲ ﻣﻦ ِ ﻓﻲ ِ ﱡ إﻟﯿﮫ اﻷﻋﻨﺎق. ﺛﻘﺎﻓﻲ ﻛﺼﺮح دوره أﺧﺬ ﺗﺸﺮﺋﺐ ِ ِ ِ ﱟ ٍ (1) Carefully read the text, then discuss how the idioms are used to convey the meaning. (2) Translate the text into English, making sure that your final translation reads like authentic English and reproduces the content and style of the text. (3) Express what you understand in Arabic by using the idioms appearing in the text. Ensure to use all the idioms from the text correctly. (4) Choose the correct idioms to fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences. 1 ﺗﻢ ﺗﺄﺳﯿﺲ ھﺬا اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎدة ﻣﻦ ﺧﺒﺮات ﻋﺎﻟﻤﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ دول _____________ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎل اﻟﺘﺼﻨﯿﻊ اﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮي. أ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺘﻨﺎول ﯾﺪھﺎ ب ﺗﺰف اﻟﺒﺸﺮى ج ﻟﮭﺎ ﺑﺎع طﻮﯾﻞ 2 إن ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺘﻨﺎ ﺗﺒﺬل ____________ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ رﻓﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت ﻟﻠﻤﻮاطﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺗﻄﻮﯾﺮ اﻟﺒﻨﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﺘﯿﺔ. أ زف اﻟﺒﺸﺮى ب ﺑﺎدئ ذي ﺑﺪء ج اﻟﻐﺎﻟﻲ واﻟﻨﻔﯿﺲ 3 ﻋﺎﺋﺪات اﻟﻨﻔﻂ ھﻲ ____________ اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ وﯾﻨﺒﻐﻲ أ أﻣﺎﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻨﻖ ب ﻓﻲ ﻣﺘﻨﺎول ﯾﺪ أن ﺗﻮﻛﻞ ﻣﮭﻤﺔ اﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎرھﺎ إﻟﻰ ﺟﮭﺎت أﻣﯿﻨﺔ وذات ج ﺑﺎدئ ذي ﺑﺪء ﺧﺒﺮة. 4 وأﺧﯿﺮا ____ اﻟﺮواﯾﺔ ____ ﺑﻌﺪ أن ﺳﻤﺤﺖ وزارة ً اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﯿﺔ ﺑﻨﺸﺮھﺎ. أ أﺛﻠﺠﺖ اﻟﺼﺪر ب أﺑﺼﺮت اﻟﻨﻮر ج اﺷﺮأﺑﺖ ﻟﮭﺎ اﻷﻋﻨﺎق 5 وﻓﻲ أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ دﺧﻞ ھﺬا اﻟﻔﻨﺎن اﻟﻌﻈﯿﻢ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻨﺠﻮﻣﯿﺔ وأﺻﺒﺢ _____________. أ ﻟﮫ ﺑﺎع طﻮﯾﻞ ب أﺷﮭﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎر ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻢ ج ﻓﻲ ﻣﺘﻨﺎول اﻟﯿﺪ 313 The practice exercises أ زف اﻟﺒﺸﺮى ب أﺑﺼﺮ اﻟﻨﻮر ج ﺗﺸﺮﺋﺐ ﻟﮫ اﻷﻋﻨﺎق ____ ﻣﺪﯾﺮ اﻟﺒﻨﻚ اﻟﺰراﻋﻲ ______ ﺑﺄﻧﮫ ﺳﯿﺘﻢ .ﺗﺨﻔﯿﺾ ﻓﻮاﺋﺪ اﻟﻘﺮوض اﻟﺰراﻋﯿﺔ ھﺬا اﻟﻌﺎم 6 أ أﻣﺎﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻨﻘﻲ ب ﯾﺜﻠﺞ ﺻﺪري ج ﺑﺎدئ ذي ﺑﺪء ______________ ﻓﺈﻧﻨﻲ أود أن أﺗﻘﺪم ﺑﺠﺰﯾﻞ اﻟﺸﻜﺮ ﻟﻸﺳﺘﺎذ ﻋﻤﯿﺪ ﻛﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺤﻘﻮق ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺒﺎدرﺗﮫ ﻓﻲ .ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ھﺬا اﻟﻤﺆﺗﻤﺮ 7 أ اﻟﻐﺎﻟﻲ واﻟﻨﻔﯿﺲ ب ﻓﻲ ﻣﺘﻨﺎول اﻟﯿﺪ ج ﺗﺸﺮﺋﺐ ﻟﮭﺎ اﻷﻋﻨﺎق ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ھﺬه اﻟﮭﻮاﺗﻒ اﻟﻨﻘﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓﻲ اﻷﺳﻮاق .__________ وﺗﺒﺎع اﻵن ﺑﺄﺳﻌﺎر 8 أ ﯾﺒﺼﺮ اﻟﻨﻮر ب ﺗﺸﺮﺋﺐ ﻟﮫ اﻷﻋﻨﺎق ج ﻟﮫ ﺑﺎع طﻮﯾﻞ _______ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎن اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻠﻐﻮي رﺣﻤﮫ ﷲ ﺧﻄﯿﺒًﺎ .ﻟﺒﻼﻏﺘﮫ وﻓﺼﺎﺣﺘﮫ 9 أ زف اﻟﺒﺸﺮى ب أﺛﻠﺞ ﺻﺪر ج أﻣﺎﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻨﻖ ________ إن ﺧﺒﺮ اﻟﻘﺒﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﻔﺎح ﻗﺪ10 .اﻟﻤﻮاطﻨﯿﻦ اﻟﺬﯾﻦ أرھﺒﺘﮭﻢ ﺟﺮاﺋﻤﮫ (5) Translate the following sentences into Arabic. Translate the words in bold into one of the idioms of this unit. 1 This musical instrument first saw the light of day in the ’70s. 2 One of our employees broke the good news to the lucky jackpot winner. 3 It requires a top-quality printer, which is not within reach of most people here. 4 The programme focuses on those who sacrifced everything to save us from disaster. 5 The lawyer acknowledged his client has a long-standing record for crime. 6 We are much heartened by the ruling and feel that justice has been done. 314 رﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺷﻜﺮ وﺗﻘﺪﯾﺮ 7 First of all, let me say I am grateful to all the staff here. 8 Junior researchers looked up to such an eminent scientist. 9 We regard the well-being of our citizens as a sacred trust put into our hands. 10 Al-Fishawi café is the most renowned and has been in service for over two centuries. (6) Use the idioms of this unit in sentences of your own. This practice exercise covers the following Arabic idioms: زف اﻟﺒﺸﺮى اﺷﺮأﺑﺖ ﻟﮫ اﻷﻋﻨﺎق أﻣﺎﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻨﻘﮫ أﺷﮭﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎر ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻢ أﺛﻠﺞ اﻟﺼﺪر ﻓﻲ ﻣﺘﻨﺎول اﻟﯿﺪ أﺑﺼﺮ اﻟﻨﻮر ﺑﺎدئ ذي ﺑﺪء ﻟﮫ ﺑﺎع طﻮﯾﻞ اﻟﻐﺎﻟﻲ واﻟﻨﻔﯿﺲ 315 وﻻت ﺣﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﺎص 16 اﻟﺴﯿﺪات ،أﯾّﮭﺎ ّ أﯾّﺘﮭﺎ ّ اﻟﺴﺎدة، أﻏﻠﺐ ّ أﺧﺬت اﻷزﻣﺔ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﯾ ِّﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﯿّﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺷﻈﻒ اﻟﻌﯿﺶ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺸﻌﻮب ﻣﻦ ﺗُﻌﺎﻧﻲ ُ ِ ِ ِ ﻋﺎم ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒًﺎ .وﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻼﺣﻈﻮن ّ ﺣﯿﻦ ّ ﻓﺈن ھﺬه اﻷزﻣﺔ أﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺗُﻠﻘﻲ ﺑﻈﻼﻟﮭﺎ ﻏﺮة ﻗﺒﻞ ٍ َ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ِ ّ َ ّ اﻷﻣﻮر ﺑﻘﺎع اﻷرض ﻣﻤﺎ أدى إﻟﻰ أن ﺗﺄﺧﺬ اﻷﻓﺮاد ﺣﯿﺎة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺎﻓِﺔ ُ واﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎت ﻓﻲ ﱢ ِ ِ ﺟﻮاﻧﺐ ِ ِ ﻛﻞ ِ ﺧﻄﯿﺮا ﻗﺪ ّ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﯾﺎت ﻟﻢ ُﻠﺪان إﻟﻰ ارﺗﻔﻌﺖ اﻟﺒﻄﺎﻟﺔُ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ .ﻓﻘﺪ اﻟﺴَﻠﻢ ﻣﻨﺤﻰ ﯾﮭﺪد ﱢ ً ٍ ّ ِ ِ ً أﻏﻠﺐ اﻟﺒ ِ ﻒ اﻟﻨّ ُ ً ﺗﺰاﯾﺪا ﻣﻠﺤﻮظًﺎ ﻧﺸﮭﺪ ﺸﺎطﺎت اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﯾّﺔ ،وﻛﺬﻟﻚ أﺻﺒﺤﻨﺎ ِ ﻧﻌﮭﺪھﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗَﺒﻞ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﻮﻗﱡ ِ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢّ . اﻟﺴﯿﺌﺔَ ﺗُ ﱡ اﻷوﺿﺎع اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﯾّﺔَ ّ ﻌﺪ إن ﺮات ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺪول وﻓﻲ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ َ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘّﻮﺗﱡ ِ ٍ اﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮار ّ اﻟﯿﻮم ﯿﺎﺳﻲ وﺿﻌﻒ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺎت ،وھﻜﺬا أﺻﺒﺤﻨﺎ ﻧﺮى اﻧﻌﺪام أﺳﺒﺎب أھﻢ اﻟﺴ ّ ِ ﻣﻦ ﱢ ِ َ ِ واﻟﻤﺰﯾﺪ ﺣﯿﺎة أﻓﻀﻞ، ﻷﻧﺎس اﻟﺤﺪود اﻟﮭﺠﺮات اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﯿِّﺔ ﻋﺒﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﺎت اﻟﻤﺰﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ َ َ َ ﯾﺒﺤﺜﻮن ﻋﻦ ٍ ِ ِ ِ ٍ ﻛﺮﻣﺎ وأﻛﺜﺮ ّ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ّ ظﻞ ھﺬه ﺗﻄﺮﻓًﺎ ﺮاﻋﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺜّﺮوات .ﻟﻘﺪ أﺻﺒﺢ اﻟﺼ وﺗﻨﺎﻓﺴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﱢ ً ﻣﻦ ﱢ ِ ُ أﻗﻞ ً اﻷزﻣﺔ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﯾّﺔْ . ّ اﻷﻣﻮر ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ھﻲ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ّ ﺳﺘﺆدي ﻻ ﻣﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﺈن ھﺬه اﻟﺘّﻮﺗّﺮات ﺑﻘﯿﺖ إن ُ ِ ِ ﺣﺮوب ﻛﺒﺮى ﻻ ﺗُﺒﻘﻲ وﻻ ﺗَﺬر. اﺷﺘﻌﺎل إﻟﻰ ٍ ِ أﻛﻞ ﺧﻄﻮرة اﻻﻧﺘﺒﺎه إﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ أﺟﻤﻊ إﻟﻰ زﻋﻤﺎء إﻧّﻨﻲ أدﻋﻮ وﻧﺒﺬ ﺧﻼﻓﺎﺗِﮭﻢ اﻟﺘﻲ َ اﻷوﺿﺎع ِ ِ ِ َ ِ ِ ﺣﻞ ﻟﮭﺬه اﻷزﻣﺔّ . ﻣﻌﺎ ّ إطﻼق إن وﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺑﺠﺪﯾٍّﺔ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﱟ ُ اﻟﺪھﺮ وﺷﺮب ،وأن ﯾﻌﻤﻠﻮا ً َ ٍ ِ واﻟﺤﺮوب ﺑﯿﻦ ّ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﺘﺔ ﺳﯿُﻌﻄﻲ اﻟﺪول وﻟﻮ ﺮات ﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﺒﺎدرة دوﻟﯿّ ٍﺔ ﻟﻔﺘﺮة ﻣﺆﻗّ ٍ ٍ ٍ ٍ ِ ﻟﻮﻗﻒ اﻟﺘّﻮﺗّ ِ ِ َ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔً ُ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻜﺎن. ﺰرﯾﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ اﻟﻤ ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﺣﻠﻮل وﺿﻊ ﻟﻠﺘﻔﻜﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ ﯾﻌﯿﺸﮭﺎ اﻟﻨّ ُ ﺎس ﻓﻲ ﱢ ِ ِ اﻷوﺿﺎع ُ ٍ ِ ِ ِ أﻗﻮل ﻟﻜﻢ إﻧّﻜﻢ إن ﺑﻘﯿﺘﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮوﺟﻜﻢ اﻋﺬروﻧﻲ ﺳﯿﺪاﺗﻲ وﺳﺎدﺗﻲ ،وﻟﻜﻦ اﺳﻤﺤﻮا ﻟﻲ أن َ ﺑﻌﺎﻟﻤﻨﺎّ ، ﺗﺘﺪھﻮر ﻧﺤﻮ اﻷﺳﻮأ وﻋﻠﯿﻨﺎ أن اﻷﻣﻮر إن اﻟﻤﺤﺪق ﺑﺤﺠﻢ اﻟﻌﺎﺟﯿّﺔ ﻓﻠﻦ ﺗﺸﻌﺮوا ُ َ ِ اﻟﺨﻄﺮ ُ ِ ِ َ َ ﺣﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﺎص. ﻧﻘﻮل ﻧﻮﻗﻒ اﻟﻜﺎرﺛﺔَ ﻗﺒﻞ أن اﻷﺣﺪاث ﻛﻲ ﻧﺴﺘﺒﻖ وﻻت َ َ َ َ (1) Carefully read the text, then discuss how the idioms are used to convey the meaning. DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-47 316 وﻻت ﺣﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﺎص (2) Translate the text into English, making sure that your final translation reads like authentic English and reproduces the content and style of the text. (3) Express what you understand in Arabic by using the idioms appearing in the text. Ensure to use all the idioms from the text correctly. (4) Choose the correct idioms to fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences. ﻻ أرﯾﺪ أن ______ وﻟﻜﻨﻨﻲ أﺗﻮﻗﻊ أن أﺳﻌﺎر اﻟﻨﻔﻂ أ أﻟﻘﻲ ﺑﻈﻼﻟﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ب أﺑﻘﻲ وﻻ أذر ج أﺳﺘﺒﻖ اﻷﺣﺪاث 2 وﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أن واﻟﺪھﻢ ﻛﺎن ﯾﻜﺎﺑﺪ _________ ﻟﺴﺪ اﺣﺘﯿﺎﺟﺎت أوﻻده ّإﻻ أﻧﮫ ﻟﻢ ﯾﺠﻌﻠﮭﻢ ﯾﺸﻌﺮون ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻗﻂ. أ ﺷﻈﻒ اﻟﻌﯿﺶ ب ﺑﺮوج ﻋﺎﺟﯿﺔ ج أﻛﻞ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ اﻟﺪھﺮ وﺷﺮب 3 ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮاﺿﺢ أن اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻗﺪ أﺧﺬت ______ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ أ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮوج ﻋﺎﺟﯿﺔ ﺑﺪأت اﻟﻘﻮات اﻟﺪوﻟﯿﺔ اﻧﺴﺤﺎﺑﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﻌﺎزﻟﺔ .ب ﻣﻨﺤﻰ ج ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﯿﻦ ﻏﺮة 4 أ ﻻ ﻣﺤﺎﻟﺔ ب ﻻ ﯾﺒﻘﻲ وﻻ ﯾﺬر ج ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮوج ﻋﺎﺟﯿﺔ 1 ﺳﺘﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﻓﻲ اﻷﺷﮭﺮ اﻟﻘﺎدﻣﺔ رﻏﻢ اﻧﺨﻔﺎض اﻟﻄﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ اﻵن. ﺗﻘﻮل اﻟﺘﻨﺒﺆات اﻟﺠﻮﯾﺔ إن اﻟﻌﺎﺻﻔﺔ اﻹﺳﺘﻮاﺋﯿﺔ ﺳﺘﺘﻄﻮر إﻟﻰ إﻋﺼﺎر ﺷﺪﯾﺪ ___________. 5 ﺗﺤﺪث ﻣﺴﺆول وزارة اﻟﺘﺮﺑﯿﺔ واﻟﺘﻌﻠﯿﻢ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻮﺑﺎء أ أﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﺤﻰ ب أﻟﻘﻰ ﺑﻈﻼﻟﮫ ج أﻛﻞ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ اﻟﺪھﺮ وﺷﺮب ﻛﺸﻔﺖ ﺗﺼﺮﯾﺤﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﯿﻦ اﻷﺧﯿﺮة ﺣﻮل أﺳﺒﺎب أ ﺷﻈﻒ اﻟﻌﯿﺶ ب وﻻت ﺣﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﺎص ج ﺑﺮوج ﻋﺎﺟﯿﺔ اﻟﺬي _________ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﯿﻤﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻼد. 6 ﺗﻔﺸﻲ اﻟﺠﺮﯾﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ أﻧﮭﻢ ﯾﻌﯿﺸﻮن ﻓﻲ ______ . 317 The practice exercises أ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮوج ﻋﺎﺟﯿﺔ ب ﻻ ﺗﺒﻘﻲ وﻻ ﺗﺬر ج أﻛﻞ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ اﻟﺪھﺮ وﺷﺮب ﻻ ﯾﺮﻏﺐ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻓﻲ اﻟﺬھﺎب إﻟﻰ ھﺬه اﻟﺴﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﻷﻧﮭﺎ .______________ أﻓﻼﻣﺎ ﻗﺪﯾﻤﺔ ﺗﻌﺮض ً 7 أ أﺧﺬت ﻣﻨﺤﻰ ب اﺳﺘﺒﻘﺖ اﻷﺣﺪاث ج أﻟﻘﺖ ﺑﻈﻼﻟﮭﺎ __________ واﻟﻘﻀﯿﺔ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻘﻒ ﻋﻨﺪ ھﺬا اﻟﺤﺪ ﺑﻞ آﺧﺮ ﺣﯿﻦ اﻋﺘﺮف اﻟﻔﻨﺎن ﺑﺄﻧﮫ أﻗﺪم ﻋﻠﻰ إﺣﺮاق .اﻻﺳﺘﻮدﯾﻮ 8 أ وﻻت ﺣﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﺎص ب ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮوج ﻋﺎﺟﯿﺔ ج ﻻ ﻣﺤﺎﻟﺔ إن ﻟﻢ ﺗﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺒﺬﯾﺮ أﻣﻮاﻟﻚ ﻓﺴﯿﻨﺘﮭﻲ ﺑﻚ اﻷﻣﺮ .________ ﻓﻘﯿﺮا ً 9 أ وﻻت ﺣﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﺎص ب ﻻ ﻣﺤﺎﻟﺔ ج ﯾﻠﻘﻲ ﺑﻈﻼﻟﮫ ﻟﻘﺪ اﻧﮭﺎر اﻟﺴﺪ وﺧﺮﺟﺖ اﻷﻣﻮر ﻋﻦ اﻟﺴﯿﻄﺮة10 .___________ ،وﺳﺘﻐﺮق اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ (5) Translate the following sentences into Arabic. Translate the words in bold into one of the idioms of this unit. 1 Those uncertainties will cast a shadow over international collaboration in academia. 2 We don’t want to jump the gun and assume negligence on their part. 3 The economy will inevitably shrink further as protests continue in major cities. 4 We were standing at the bus stop when, all of a sudden, a car veered off the road. 5 Two years from now, the situation will get much worse and then it will be too late. 6 He didn’t believe in religion and dismissed faith as a timeworn cliché. 7 Then things took a different turn due to the new prime minister’s desire for reform. 8 She helps those who have been touched by hardship. 318 وﻻت ﺣﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﺎص 9 Many people were killed in recent weeks as pro-regime bombardment spared nothing. 10 Politicians cannot sit in ivory towers and be blindfolded to the miseries of the people. (6) Use the idioms of this unit in sentences of your own. This practice exercise covers the following Arabic idioms: وﻻت ﺣﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﺎص ﺷﻈﻒ اﻟﻌﯿﺶ ﺑﺮوج ﻋﺎﺟﯿﺔ ﻻ ﯾﺒﻘﻲ وﻻ ﯾﺬر أﻛﻞ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ اﻟﺪھﺮ وﺷﺮب اﺳﺘﺒﻖ اﻷﺣﺪاث ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﯿﻦ ﻏﺮة أﻟﻘﻰ ﺑﻈﻼﻟﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻻ ﻣﺤﺎﻟﺔ أﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﺤﻰ 319 ﺣﺪﯾﺚ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻋﺠﻮزﯾﻦ 17 اﻟﺤﯿﺎة أﻣﻮر ﯾﺘﺤﺎدﺛﺎن ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘﻘﻰ اﻟﺤﺎج ﺑﺪر اﻟﻤﯿﻤﺮ واﻟﻤﺴﺘﺮ ﺟﻮن وﯾﻠﯿﺲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﮭﻰ .ﻛﺎﻧﺎ ِ ِ ِ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﻌﺎ ﻓﻲ وﻋﻦ ﺻﺪاﻗﺘِﮭﻤﺎ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺰال ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮةً ﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺎ ﻣﻨﺬ أن ﻋﻤﻼ ً َ ِ أرﺑﻌﯿﻦ ً ُ ﺳﻦ ّ اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺚ إﻟﻰ ﺣﯿﺎﺗِﮭﻤﺎ وھﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﱢ اﻟﺸﯿﺨﻮﺧﺔ ،واﻟﺘﻔﺖ اﻟﺤﺎج ﺑﺪر إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺮ اﻟﻨّﻔﻂ ،وأﺧﺬھﻤﺎ ﺟﻮن ً ﻗﺎﺋﻼ: ” ُ ﺻﺪرك ﯾﺎ ﺟﻮن ﻟﻤﺎ أﻗﻮﻟﮫ ،ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ّ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﯿﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔَﯿﻦ، ﻧﻌﯿﺶ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أﻧّﻨﺎ ﺴﻊ ُ ُ أرﯾﺪ أن ﯾﺘّ َ ِ أﺣﺪﻧﺎ ﻓﻲ ّ ُ وﺷﺮﯾﻜﺎن ﻓﻲ وﻧﻔﮭﻢ اﻟﺤﯿﺎةَ ﺟﯿًّﺪا اﻟﺸﺮق واﻵﺧﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐﺮب ،وﻟﻜﻨّﻨﺎ أﺻﺪﻗﺎء، ُ ِ ّ ُ ﻓﻘﺪت زوﺟﺘﻲ ،وﻣﺜﻠﻚ ّ ٌ ٌ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ أوﻻد ﺣﻘّﻘﻮا ﻓﺈن ﻋﻨﺪي وﺣﯿﺪ ﻣﻨﺬ أن أﯾﻀﺎ .أﻧﺎ ﻣﺜﻠﻚ اﻟﺸﯿﺨﻮﺧﺔ ً َ ُ اﻷب ﺠﺎح ﻓﻲ ﺣﯿﺎﺗِﮭﻢ .أﻧﺎ واﻟﻤﺸﻮرة ﻋﻠﯿﮭﻢ ،وﻣﻦ اﻟﺮأي ﺻﺎﺣﺐ وﻣﺎدﻣﺖ ﺣﯿًّﺎ ﻓﺄﻧﺎ ُ ُ ِ ِ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨّ ِ ُ ّ ّ ﻋﺸﺖ أﻧﺎ ﻣﻊ واﻟﺪي إﻟﻰ أن ﺗﻮﻓّﻲ. ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌﯿﻦ ﺣﻮﻟﻲ ھُﻢ وأﺣﻔﺎدي .ھﻜﺬا ﺮوري أن أراھﻢ اﻟﻀ َ ُ ٌ رﺟﻞ أﻋﺘﺮف أﻧّﻨﻲ ﯾﺸﻌﺮون ُﻣﻄﻠﻘًﺎ ﺑﺄﻧّﻨﻲ أُﺛﻘﻞ ﻛﺎھﻠَﮭﻢ. ﺑﯿﺖ اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ ،وﻻ إﻧّﮭﻢ َ َ ﯾﻌﯿﺸﻮن ﻣﻌﻲ ﻓﻲ ِ ٌ ّ ﱠ ﻓﺮﺣﺎ أطﯿﺮ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ واﻟﻤﺰﻋﺠﺔ أﺣﯿﺎﻧًﺎ ،وﻟﻜﻦ أﺗﻌﻠﻢ ﯾﺎﺟﻮن ،إﻧّﻨﻲ وﻟﺪي ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺗﻲ ﻋﺠﻮز، ُ ً ُ اﺣﺘﺮاﻣﮭﻢ ﻟﻲ وأن اﻟﻮاﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﻢ أن ﯾُﺒﺮزوا أﻋﺘﻘﺪ أﻧّﮫ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺮؤﯾﺔ أوﻻدي وأﺣﻔﺎدي ﺣﻮﻟﻲ. ِ ِ َ ﯾﻌﺘﻨﻮا ﺑﻲ وﯾُﻮﻓّﺮوا ﻟﻲ ّ وﺗﻌﺒﯿﺮا ﻋﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻤﯿﻞ ﺗﺠﺎھﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺗﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺒﺮي ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧًﺎ ﻣﻨﮭﻢ ً ِ ُ ُ ّ وﻣﺸﻘﺔ ﺟﮭﺪ ﺑﻮاﻟﺪي ﻓﻲ ﻛﺒﺮھﻤﺎ .ﻟﻘﺪ اﻋﺘﻨﯿﺖ أﻧﺎ ﺣﺒّﮭﻢ ﻟﻲ ﻛﻤﺎ ٍ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺗﺠﺎهَ أوﻻدي ﻣﻦ ٍ أدﯾﺖ ﻣﺎ ﱠ إﻟﯿﮫ اﻵن .إﻧّﻨﻲ ﻻ ُ ﺿﯿﺮا ﻓﻲ ّ ﻜﻦ ﻣﻊ أﺟﺪ وﺗﺮﺑﯿﺔ ً ٍ وﺗﻌﻠﯿﻢ إﻟﻰ أن وﺻﻠﻮا إﻟﻰ ﻣﺎ وﺻﻠﻮا ِ ٍ اﻟﺴ ِ ﺗﺠﺮ ٌ واﻟﺴ ُ ّ ﻟﻠﻌﺠﺰة ﻋﻨﺪي ھﻮ ﱡ ﻟﻠﻤﺮ ﻻ ﯾُﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻘﺒّﻠﮫُ“. أوﻻدي، دار ع ﱢ ِ ﻜﻦ ﻓﻲ ٍ ّ ﺣﺪﯾﺚ اﻟﺤﺎج ﺑﺪر وﻗﺎل: ﺑﺎھﺘﻤﺎم إﻟﻰ اﺳﺘﻤﻊ ﻋﺪل ﻣﺴﺘﺮ ﺟﻮن ﺟﻠﺴﺘﮫُ ﺑﻌﺪ أن َ ِ ٍ ُ ﺗﻌﺒﺖ ً ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺔ أوﻻدي ،وﻗﺪ ﺟﺪا ﻓﻲ أﯾﻀﺎ ”اﺳﻤﺢ ﻟﻲ ﯾﺎ ﺑﺪر أن أﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻌﻚ ﻓﻲ رأﯾﻚ ھﺬا .أﻧﺎ ً َ ِ ﻋﻠّ ُ ً أﻓﺨﺮ ﺑﮭﻢ ،وھﻢ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ اﻟﯿﻮم. وﻧﺎﺟﺤﯿﻦ ﺻﺎﻟﺤﯿﻦ أوﻻدا أﺟﻌﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﻢ ﻘﺖ أھﻤﯿﺔً ﻛﺒﯿﺮةً ﻋﻠﻰ أن ُ َ َ َ وﻟﻜﻨّﻨﻲ أُ ّ ﻓﻀُﻞ أن ﺑﯿﺖ واﺣﺪ .وﻣﻊ أﻧّﻨﻲ اﻟﺴﱢﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ أن ﺑﯿﺖ ﻟﻜﺒﺎر ﱢ َ أﺳﻜﻦ ﻣﻌﮭﻢ ﻓﻲ ٍ أﻋﯿﺶ ﻓﻲ ٍ َ ِ ﻻ ﯾُﺴﺎورﻧﻲ ّ وﯾﻔﺨﺮون ﺑﻲ اﻟﺸ ﱡﻚ ﻓﻲ أﻧّﮭﻢ ﯾﺤﺘﺮﻣﻮﻧَﻨﻲ ﻏﺎﯾﺔَ اﻻﺣﺘﺮام ،وﯾﺤﺒّﻮﻧَﻨﻲ ﻛﻤﺎ أﺣﺒّﮭﻢ، َ ﻣﺘﺒﺎﻋﺪة ﯾﺠﻌﻠﻨﻲ أﺣﺘﻔﻆُ ّ وﻟﻜﻦ ﺳﻜﻨﻲ ً ﻓﺘﺮات أﻟﺘﻘﻲ ﺑﮭﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﯿﺪا ﻋﻨﮭﻢ ،ﻋﻠﻰ أن أﻓﺨﺮ ﺑﮭﻢ، ﻛﻤﺎ ُ ٍ ٍ َ DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-48 320 ﺣﺪﯾﺚ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻋﺠﻮزﯾﻦ أﻣﺎﻣﮭﻢ .وﻗﺪ ُ أزور واﻟﺪي ﻛﻠّﻤﺎ ﺳﻨﺤﺖ ﻟﻲ اﻟﻔﺮﺻﺔُ ﻓﻲ ﺑﯿﺘﻨﺎ ّ ﯾﻔﻲ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺑﻠﻎ ﻛﻨﺖ ُ اﻟﺮ ّ ﺑﻜﺒﺮﯾﺎﺋﻲ َ ﺳﻦ ّ ﺑﮫ .إذ إﻧّﻨﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ُ زﯾﺎرة ُ ﱠ ُ اﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﻧﺒﻠﻎ ﻣﻦ أزداد ﻛﻨﺖ ﻛﻞ اﻟﺸﯿﺨﻮﺧﺔ ،وﻣﻊ ﱢ ٍ اﺣﺘﺮاﻣﺎ وإﻋﺠﺎﺑًﺎ ِ ً ِ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻜﺎن ،ﻻ ُ أﺟﺪ اﻟﺤﯿﺎة ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ ﺐ َﻣﻦ ﺣﻮﻟَﻨﺎ ِﺷﺌﻨﺎ أم أﺑَﯿﻨﺎ ،وﻣﻊ ﺘﻌ ُ وﺗﻌﻘﯿﺪھﺎ ﻓﻲ ﱢ ِ ِ ِ ِﻋﺘﯿّﺎ ،ﻓﺈﻧّﻨﺎ ﻧُ ِ ًّ ﻣﺘﺨﺼ ٌ اﻟﻤﺜﻞ ﺺ ﻓﻲ رﻋﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻨّﯿﻦ .وﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎل ﯾﻘﻮم ﺑﺮﻋﺎﯾﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺒﺮي ﻣﻦ ھﻮ ُ ﱢ ﻣﻔﺮا ﻣﻦ أن َ ﺗﺰدد ﺣﺒًّﺎ“. اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ُزر ﻏﺒًّﺎ َ ّ (1) Carefully read the text, then discuss how the idioms are used to convey the meaning. (2) Translate the text into English, making sure that your final translation reads like authentic English and reproduces the content and style of the text. (3) Express what you understand in Arabic by using the idioms appearing in the text. Ensure to use all the idioms from the text correctly. (4) Choose the correct idioms to fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences. 1 إﻧﻨﻲ أﻣﺎم ﺧﯿﺎرﯾﻦ ﻻ ﺛﺎﻟﺚ ﻟﮭﻤﺎ ،إﻣﺎ أن ______ وأﺗﻘﺒﻞ أ ﯾﺴﺎورﻧﻲ اﻟﺸﻚ ب أﺗﺠﺮع اﻟﻤﺮ اﻟﮭﺰﯾﻤﺔ أو أن أﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺘﻲ. ﺿﯿﺮا أﺟﺪ ﻻ ج ً 2 ﻧﺤﻦ __________ ﻛﺒﯿﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻠﻘﺎء اﻟﻤﺮﺗﻘﺐ ﺑﯿﻦ زﻋﯿﻤﻲ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﯾﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ھﺎﻣﺶ ﻣﺆﺗﻤﺮ اﻟﻘﻤﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ. أ ﻧﺆدي ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﯿﻨﺎ ب ﻧﻌﻠﻖ أھﻤﯿﺔ ﺿﯿﺮا ج ﻻ ﻧﺠﺪ ً 3 ﺳﻌﺪ اﻟﺠﻤﯿﻊ ﺑﻮﻻدة اﻟﺤﻔﯿﺪ اﻷول ﻟﻠﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ وﻻﺳﯿﻤﺎ اﻟﺠﺪة اﻟﺘﻲ _________ ﺑﺎﻟﺨﺒﺮ اﻟﺴﻌﯿﺪ. أ اﺗﺴﻊ ﺻﺪرھﺎ ب ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺒﺮ ﻋﺘﯿﺎ ﻓﺮﺣﺎ ج طﺎرت ً 4 رﻏﻢ أﻧﮫ ﻻ ﯾﺒﻮح ﺑﺄﺳﺮاره اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ّإﻻ أﻧﮫ ______ ﻓﻲ أن ﯾﻔﺸﻲ أﺳﺮار أﺻﺪﻗﺎﺋﮫ. ﺿﯿﺮا أ ﻻ ﯾﺠﺪ ً ب ﯾﺜﻘﻞ ﻛﺎھﻠﮫ ج ﯾﺘﺴﻊ ﺻﺪره 321 The practice exercises 5 رﻏﻢ أﻧﮫ _____ وﺗﺠﺎوز اﻟﺘﺴﻌﯿﻦ ّإﻻ أﻧﮫ ﻗﺮر أن ﯾﺘﺰوج. أ أﺛﻘﻞ ﻛﺎھﻠﮫ ب ﺑﻠﻎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺒﺮ ﻋﺘﯿﺎ ج ﺳﺎوره اﻟﺸﻚ 6 _______ ﺣﻮل وﺿﻊ اﻟﺮﺟﻞ اﻟﺬي ﻛﺎن ﯾﺘﻠﻔﺖ ﯾﻤﻨﺔ وﯾﺴﺮة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻨﻚ. أ ﺳﺎورھﺎ اﻟﺸﻚ ب أدت ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ج ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧًﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻤﯿﻞ 7 ﻓﺮﺣﺎ أرﺟﻮ أن _________ ﻟﻤﺎ ﺳﺄﻗﻮﻟﮫ ﻟﻚ وأن ﺗﺘﻘﺒﻞ وﺟﮭﺔ أ ﺗﻄﯿﺮ ً ب ﯾﺘﺴﻊ ﺻﺪرك ﻧﻈﺮي رﻏﻢ اﺧﺘﻼﻓﮭﺎ اﻟﺸﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺒﺎدﺋﻚ. ج ﯾﺴﺎورك اﻟﺸﻚ 8 إن ﻣﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺲ ﻣﻔﺘﻮح ﻟﺠﻨﺎﺑﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ أي وﺗﻘﺪﯾﺮا ﻟﻤﺎ ﻗﺪﻣﺘﻤﻮه ﺧﻼل ﻣﺴﯿﺮة وﻗﺖ_______ ً ﻋﻤﻠﻜﻢ. أ زر ﻏﺒًﺎ ﺗﺰدد ﺣﺒًﺎ ب ﯾﺜﻘﻞ ﻛﺎھﻠﮫ ج ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧًﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻤﯿﻞ 9 ﻛﺜﯿﺮا وﺗﺰورھﻢ ﻛﻞ ﻻ ﯾﻨﺒﻐﻲ أن ﺗﺘﺮدد ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﯿﺘﮭﻢ ً ﯾﻮم ،ﺳﯿﻀﺠﺮون ﻣﻨﻚ وﺳﯿﺆﺛﺮ ذﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻼﻗﺘﻚ ﺑﮭﻢ، أ ﻋﻠﻖ أھﻤﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﻢ ب أﺛﻘﻞ ﻛﺎھﻠﻚ ج زر ﻏﺒًﺎ ﺗﺰدد ﺣﺒًﺎ __________. 10وﻗﺎل ﻣﺪﯾﺮ ﻣﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﻤﻮارد اﻟﺒﺸﺮﯾﺔ إن اﻹدارة ________ ﻣﻦ دور ﻓﻲ إﻋﻼم اﻟﻤﻮظﻔﯿﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮﻋﺪ اﻟﻨﮭﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﻘﺪﯾﻢ. أ أدت ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ب اﺗﺴﻊ ﺻﺪرھﺎ ج أﺛﻘﻞ ﻛﺎھﻠﮫ 11إن اﻟﺪﯾﻮن _________ ھﺬا اﻟﺮﺟﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﻜﯿﻦ اﻟﺬي ﻧﮭﺎرا ﻟﯿﺴﺪد ﻓﻮاﺋﺪھﺎ. ﯾﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﯿﻼً ً أ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ أھﻤﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ب ﺗﺠﺮع اﻟﻤﺮ ج ﺗﺜﻘﻞ ﻛﺎھﻞ (5) Translate the following sentences into Arabic. Translate the words in bold into one of the idioms of this unit. 1 The government has attached great importance to improving business environment. 322 ﺣﺪﯾﺚ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻋﺠﻮزﯾﻦ 2 As a sign of gratitude, the zoo will open their doors free of charge to all medical staff. 3 Losing the custody of her children was a bitter pill to swallow. 4 I will continue to work with them for the time being until I have fulflled my duty. 5 I was beside myself with joy when I received my confirmation of permanent residence. 6 His love for composing continued until he became frail and weakened by old age. 7 Suspicion began to grow in my mind when I saw them leaving together. 8 Is it true that distance makes the heart grow fonder? 9 My poor father was heavily burdened with crippling debts for many years. 10 I beg your indulgence and understanding of what I am going to say. 11 No point in arguing with someone who sees nothing wrong in badmouthing his ex like that. (6) Use the idioms of this unit in sentences of your own. This practice exercise covers the following Arabic idioms: ﻻ ﯾﺠﺪ ﺿﯿﺮًا ﺳﺎوره اﻟﺸﻚ أدى ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ اﺗﺴﻊ ﺻﺪره ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧًﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻤﯿﻞ ﺗﺠﺮع اﻟﻤﺮ ﻋﻠﻖ أھﻤﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺛﻘﻞ ﻛﺎھﻠﮫ طﺎر ﻓﺮﺣًﺎ ﺑﻠﻎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺒﺮ ﻋﺘﯿّﺎ زد ﻏﺒًّﺎ ﺗﺰدد ﺣﺒًّﺎ 323 اﻟﺤﺮب اﻷھﻠﯿﺔ إﻟﻰ أﯾﻦ؟ 18 اﻟﺤﺮب اﻷھﻠﯿّﺔُ واﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮار اﻷﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻠﺪ اﻟﺬي ﻛﺎن واﺣﺔً ﻣﻦ ﺗﺰال ﻣﺎ ُ ُ ُ ﺗﺪور رﺣﺎھﺎ ﻓﻲ ھﺬا ِ ِ ِ ﺗﺸﺘﻌﻞ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ ّ ﺑﯿﺪ ﻓﻮﻻذﯾ ٍّﺔ ﻷﻛﺜﺮ اﻟﺼﺮاﻋﺎت .ﻓﻤﺎ إن ﻟﻔﻆ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ُ اﻟﺰﻋﯿﻢ ،اﻟﺬي ﺣﻜﻢ َ اﻟﺒﻠﺪ ٍ ٍ ُ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻟﻢ ّ ّ ﻣﺠﺮَد وھﻢ. واﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﻛﺎﻧﺎ اﻷﻣﻦ أن أﻧﻔﺎﺳﮫُ اﻷﺧﯿﺮة ،ﺣﺘﻰ ﺑﺪا ﻋﺎﻣﺎ، َ َ َ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺸﺮﯾﻦ ً ِ ُ ﺑﻜﯿﺎن ّ ُ وﻟﺔ واﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻓﻲ ھﺬا اﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﺗﻌﺼﻒ اﻻﻧﻘﺴﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﺨﻄﯿﺮةُ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻧﻜﺸﻔﺖ ﺣﯿﺚ اﻟﺪ ِ ِ ِ ّ أوﺳﻄﻲ. اﻟﺸﺮق ّ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ ّ اﻟﺼ ُ ّ اﻟﺰﻋﯿﻢ أن ﺳﯿﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﺒﻠﺪ. ﺟﻮھﺮي ﺣﻮل ﻣﻦ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺮاع ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﯾﺪور ﱟ ُ ً ُ ٍ َ أﯾﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﯿٍّﺔ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯿّ ٍﺔ ﯾُ ُ ﺗﻨﺘﻘﻞ ّ ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ ﻏﯿﺮه اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔُ إﻟﻰ ﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﮭﺎ أن ٍ َ َ ِ اﻟﺮاﺣﻞ ﻣﻨﻊ ﻗﯿﺎم ِ ﺑﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ّ اﻟﻔﺌﺎت اﻟﻤﺆﺛﺮةَ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ .وﻗﺪ ﺨﺼﯿﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗُﻤﺜّ ُﻞ اﻟﺸ ﻧﻔﺴﮫُ ٍ ﺳﻠﺴﺔ .وﻗﺪ أﺣﺎط َ ِ ِ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺘّ ُ وﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺑﻨﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻮازن ﻓﯿﻤﺎ ﺑﯿﻨﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ ﯾﻀﻤﻦ ﻟﮫُ اﻟﻮﻻء ﻟﮫُ ﺣﺎول أن ﯾُ َ ﻘﺮﯾﺐ واﻹﺑﻌﺎد ً ِ ِ ٍ ِ ﺧﻠﺪ ّ اﺣﻞ ّ ﺷﺆون اﻟﺒﻼد .وﻟﻢ ُ ﻋﯿﻢ ّ ﺟﻤﻊ أن ﺗﺴﯿﯿﺮ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻟﮫُ اﻟﯿﺪ اﻟﻄّﻮﻟﻰ ﻓﻲ أن َ َ ﯾﺪر ﻓﻲ ِ اﻟﺮ ِ اﻟﺰ ِ ِ ِ ﺸﻌُﻞ ﺣﺮﺑًﺎ أھﻠﯿّﺔً ھﺬه ّ اﻧﻘﺴﺎم ﺗﻌﻜﺲ ﻣﺪى ﺳﯿﺘﺤﻮل ﻻﺣﻘًﺎ إﻟﻰ ﺨﺼﯿﺎت ﺣﻮﻟﮫ اﻟﺸ ُ ُ ٍ ِ ﺷﺮارة ﺗُ ِ ِ ﻮﯾﻠﺔ واﻟﻘﺎﺳﯿﺔ .وﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺜﯿﺮ ﻟﻠﺴﺨﺮﯾﺔ أن أﻋﻀﺎء ھﺬه ﻓﺘﺮة ﻧﻔﺴِﮫ َ ﺣﻜﻤﮫ اﻟﻄّ ِ ِ ﺧﻼل ِ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ِ ِ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ھﻢ أﻧﻔﺴﮭﻢ أﻣﺮاء اﻟﺤﺮب اﻷھﻠﯿﺔ وﻗﺎدﺗﮭﺎ اﻟﯿﻮم. إن اﻟﺤﺮب اﻷھﻠﯿّﺔ ﺷﺪﯾﺪة اﻟﻮطﺄة ﻋﻠﻰ ھﺬا اﻟﺒﻠﺪ ،إذ ﻻ ُ ﯾﻜﺎد ﱡ أﻋﺪاد ﺗﺴﺠﯿﻞ ﯾﺘﻢ ُ ٍ ﯾﻮم دون أن ّ ﯾﻤﺮ ٌ اﻟﺼﺮاع ّ اﻟﺪ ّ ﺟﺪﯾﺪة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺘﻠﻰ ،ﺣﯿﺚ ﺣﺼﺪ ھﺬا ّ ﻣﻮي أرواح اﻷﻟﻮف ﻣﻦ ﻣﺪﻧﯿﯿﻦ وﻣﻘﺎﺗﻠﯿﻦ ،ﻓﯿﻤﺎ ٍ ُ اﻟﺪوﻟﯿّﺔُ ّ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﯿﺎت ّ ﺗُ ﱢ ﻧﺼﻒ ّ ﱠ اﻟﻤﮭﺠﺮﯾﻦ. ﻋﺪاد ﻜﺎن ﻗﺪ أﺻﺒﺤﻮا ﻓﻲ أن ﻘﺪُر َ ِ اﻟﺴ ِ ﻻ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ أﯾّﺔُ ُ ﻛﻞ ﺗﺸﮭﺪ ﻗﺮﯾﺒﺔ ﻟﮭﺬه اﻟﺤﺮب وھﻲ ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ ﻣﺆﺷﺮات ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻌﻘﯿﺪات ﺟﺪﯾﺪةً ﻓﻲ ﱢ ٍ ٍ ٍ ٍ إﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﺮھﺎ ،ﻓﺨﺎرطﺔُ ّ ﯾﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﱡ ﺮاع ﺗﺘﻐﯿُّﺮ ﯾﻮم طﺮف ﻣﻦ أي ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ دون أن ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﱟ َ ٍ ﱟ ٍ ٍ اﻟﺼ ِ ﻟﺼﺎﻟﺤﮫ. ﻗﻠﺐ ﻣﻮازﯾﻦ اﻟﻘِﻮى ِ اﻷطﺮاف ﻣﻦ ِ ِ ْ اﻟﺠﮭﻮد اﻹﻗﻠﯿﻤﯿِّﺔ ّ ھﺶ ﻧﺎر وﻗﻒ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ اﻟﺪوﻟﯿِّﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﺆﺧﺮا ﻧﺠﺤﺖ ﻟﻘﺪ ﱟ ُ ً ِ ِ ِ إطﻼق ٍ ِ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮورة ّ ّ ّ اﻷﻣﻮر أن وﻟﻜﻦ ذﻟﻚ ﻻ ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪات ﻟﻠﻤﺪﻧﯿﯿﻦ، وإﯾﺼﺎل ﻹﺳﻌﺎف اﻟﺠﺮﺣﻲ ٍ َ ِ ِ ْ ْ اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺢ .ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾﺒﺪو ّ ّ اﺳﺘﻮﻟﺖ اﻧﺘﮭﺖ ﺑﻌﺪ أن أن ﻓﺘﺮةَ اﻟﮭﺪوء اﻟﻘﺼﯿﺮة ﻗﺪ ﺠﺎه ُ ﺗﺴﯿﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﺗّ ِ DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-49 324 اﻟﺤﺮب اﻷھﻠﯿﺔ إﻟﻰ أﯾﻦ؟ ﻟﻠﺼﻠﯿﺐ اﻷﺣﻤﺮ ّ ﻼح ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﯿّ ﺠﺔ ّ ﱠ وﻟﻲ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﺔ أﺳﻌﺎف ﺎرات اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت إﺣﺪى ٍ ٍ اﻟﺪ ّ ِ ِ اﻟﻤﺪﺟ ِ ِ ﺑﺎﻟﺴ ِ ّ واﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺘﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺗﮭﺎ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ. أن اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ّ وﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ّ وﻟﻲ ﻟﻢ ﯾُ ّ ﺤﺮك ﺳﺎﻛﻨًﺎ ﻹﻧﮭﺎء اﻟﺤﺮب اﻷھﻠﯿّﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺪاﯾﺎﺗﮭﺎ، اﻟﺪ ّ أي ّ وﻟﻜﻦ ھﺬا اﻟﺘّ ّ ّإﻻ ّ ّ دوﻟﻲ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ اﻟﺘّﻮﺻﻞ إﻟﻰ ﺳﻼم ﯾ ّ أن ّ ﺗﺪﺧٍﻞ ﺪﺧﻞ أﻣﺮا ﻻ ﻏﻨﻰ ﻋﻨﮫ. ُﻌﺪ ً ّ ﯾﻨﺒﻐﻲ أن ﯾﻜﻮن ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺑًﺎ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ وﯾﺤﻈﻰ ﺑﺮﺿﺎ أﻏﻠﺐ اﻷطﺮاف اﻟﻤﺘﺼﺎرﻋﺔ .ﻓﮭﻮ ﻗﺪ ﯾﻜﻮن ً اﻟﺪم إن ّ ﺣﺪﯾﻦ ،ﻗﺪ ﯾﻨﺠﺢ ﻓﻲ إﯾﻘﺎف ﻧﺰﯾﻒ ّ ﺳﻼﺣﺎ ذا ّ ﺣﻠﻮﻻ ّ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯿ ٍّﺔ ﺳﻠﻤﯿّﺔ ﺗﺆﺳﺲ ﻗﺪم ً ٍ اﻟﺼﺮاع إن ّ أﻣﺪ ّ ﺗﺪﺧﻼت ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ. ﺗﻮرط ﻓﻲ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺤﺮب ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﺮار وﻗﺪ ﯾﺰﯾﺪ اﻟﻄّﯿﻦ ﺑﻠّﺔً وﯾُﻄﯿﻞ َ ٍ (1) Carefully read the text, then discuss how the idioms are used to convey the meaning. (2) Translate the text into English, making sure that your final translation reads like authentic English and reproduces the content and style of the text. (3) Express what you understand in Arabic by using the idioms appearing in the text. Ensure to use all the idioms from the text correctly. (4) Choose the correct idioms to fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences. 1 ﺗﺴﺒﺒﺖ اﻟﻔﯿﻀﺎﻧﺎت ﻓﻲ ﻣﻘﺘﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﯾﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺴﻌﯿﻦ ﺷﺨﺼﺎ __________ ﺷﺨﺼﺎ وﻣﺎ زال 14 ً ً اﻟﻤﻔﻘﻮدﯾﻦ. أ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺪاد ب ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﺮار ج ﻻ ﻏﻨﻰ ﻋﻨﮭﻢ 2 إﺣﺪى ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ھﺆﻻء اﻟﻨﺎﺷﻄﯿﻦ ھﻲ إﻟﻐﺎء اﻟﺪﺳﺘﻮر وھﻮ ﻓﻲ رأﯾﻲ أﻣﺮ _____________. أ ﻻ ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮورة ب ﯾﻠﻔﻆ أﻧﻔﺎﺳﮫ اﻷﺧﯿﺮة ج ﻣﺜﯿﺮ ﻟﻠﺴﺨﺮﯾﺔ 3 ﻗﻄﻌﺖ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ _______ اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻖ اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺲ اﻟﺮاﺑﻂ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻌﺎﺻﻤﺔ وﺷﻤﺎل اﻟﺒﻼد. ﺗﺰﯾﺪ اﻟﻄﯿﻦ ﺑﻠﺔ أ ب ﻣﺜﯿﺮة ﻟﻠﺴﺨﺮﯾﺔ ج ﻣﺪﺟﺠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻼح 4 إن اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪ ﺳــ ______ اﻟﻘﻮى وﺳﯿﻤﻨﺢ اﻟﻨﺴﺎء اﻟﻤﺰﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺮﯾﺎت. أ ﯾﻠﻔﻆ أﻧﻔﺎﺳﮫ اﻷﺧﯿﺮة ب ﯾﻘﻠﺐ ﻣﻮازﯾﻦ ج ﯾﻜﻮن ﺷﺪﯾﺪة اﻟﻮطﺄة 325 The practice exercises 5 ﺑﻌﺪ أن ﺗﺤﺪﺛﺖ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻄﻔﻞ _______ أﻧﮫ ﻣﺼﺎب ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺳﻮاس اﻟﻘﮭﺮي. ﻻ ﯾﺤﺮك ﺳﺎﻛﻨًﺎ أ ب دار ﻓﻲ ﺧﻠﺪھﺎ ج زاد اﻟﻄﯿﻦ ﺑﻠﺔ 6 ﺟﺎءت وﻓﺎة اﻟﻔﻨﺎن اﻟﺼﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﻔﺎﺟﺌﺔ ،ﺣﯿﺚ إﻧّﮫ ﺷﻌﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺐ أﺛﻨﺎء ﻣﻤﺎرﺳﺘﮫ اﻟﺮﯾﺎﺿﺔ وﻧﻘﻞ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ ﺣﯿﺚ _______. ﻻ ﯾﺤﺮك ﺳﺎﻛﻨًﺎ أ ب دارت رﺣﻰ اﻟﺤﺮب ج ﻟﻔﻆ أﻧﻔﺎﺳﮫ اﻷﺧﯿﺮة 7 ﻧﺤﻦ ﻧﺴﻌﻰ إﻟﻰ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺪارس اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﯿﺔ ________اﻟﻤﺪراس اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ. ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﺮار أ ب ﺷﺪﯾﺪة اﻟﻮطﺄة ج ﻟﮭﺎ اﻟﯿﺪ اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻰ 8 ﻻ ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮورة أ ﻛﺎن اﻟﺪاﺋﻨﻮن ﯾﻄﺎﻟﺒﻮﻧﮫ ﺑﺄﻣﻮاﻟﮭﻢ وﻣﺎ ___________ أن اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ ﻗﺮرت ب ﻻ ﻏﻨﻰ ﻋﻨﮫ ج زاد اﻟﻄﯿﻦ ﺑﻠﺔ ﺗﻘﻠﯿﺺ ﻋﺪد ﻣﻮظﻔﯿﮭﺎ. 9 إن اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻜﯿﻤﯿﺎوﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺰراﻋﺔ ________ إذ إﻧﮭﺎ ﺗﺤﻤﻰ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺻﯿﻞ اﻟﺰراﻋﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻵﻓﺎت وﺗﺰﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻹﻧﺘﺎج وﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻟﮭﺎ أﺿﺮار ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺤﺔ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن وﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﺔ. ﯾﻘﻠﺐ ﻣﻮازﯾﻦ أ ب ﻣﺜﯿﺮ ﻟﻠﺴﺨﺮﯾﺔ ج ﺳﻼح ذو ﺣﺪﯾﻦ 10وﻗﺪ _______ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﻟﺴﺘﺔ أﻋﻮام. دارت رﺣﻰ اﻟﺤﺮب أ ب ﻻ ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮورة ج ﻟﮭﺎ اﻟﯿﺪ اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻰ 11ﯾﻨﺒﻐﻲ أن ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮا اﻟﻤﻌﻘﻤﺎت ﻓﮭﻲ ﺿﺮورﯾﺔ و ___________ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ اﻟﺠﺮاﺛﯿﻢ. ﻻ ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮورة أ ب ﻻ ﻏﻨﻰ ﻋﻨﮭﺎ ج ﻻ ﺗﺤﺮك ﺳﺎﻛﻨﺎً 12إن اﻟﺠﻔﺎف اﻟﺬي ﺗﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻨﮫ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ______ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﯿﺎة اﻟﺒﺸﺮ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ. ﻟﮫ اﻟﯿﺪ اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻰ أ ب ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﺮار ج ﺷﺪﯾﺪ اﻟﻮطﺄة 326 اﻟﺤﺮب اﻷھﻠﯿﺔ إﻟﻰ أﯾﻦ؟ ﻻ ﻏﻨﻰ ﻋﻨﮫ أ ب ﯾﺰﯾﺪ اﻟﻄﯿﻦ ﺑﻠﺔ ج ﻻ ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮورة إن ﺷﻌﻮرك ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﺴﻦ __________ أن ﺗﺘﻮﻗﻒ13 .ﻋﻦ أﺧﺬ اﻟﺪواء ﯾﺪور ﻓﻲ ﺧﻠﺪھﺎ أ ب ﻟﮭﺎ اﻟﯿﺪ اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻰ ج ﺳﻼح ذو ﺣﺪﯾﻦ ﻻ ﺷﻚ أن ھﺬه دول ﺗﺪﻋﻢ اﻹرھﺎب و14 .__________ﻓﻲ ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺘﮫ وﺗﻤﻮﯾﻠﮫ أ ﯾﻠﻔﻈﻮا أﻧﻔﺎﺳﮭﻢ اﻷﺧﯿﺮة ب ﻟﻢ ﯾﺤﺮﻛﻮا ﺳﺎﻛﻨًﺎ ج ﯾﻘﻠﺒﻮا ﻣﻮازﯾﻦ وﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺆﺳﻒ أن أوﻻد ﻋﻤﻲ ______ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ15 .ﺗﻌﺮﺿﺖ ﻟﻼﻋﺘﺪاء ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺟﺎرﻧﺎ (5) Translate the following sentences into Arabic. Translate the words in bold into one of the idioms of this unit. 1 New research suggests that older people are indispensable in children’s life. 2 Just because he has a beard doesn’t necessarily mean he is religious. 3 Hundreds of heavily-armed men brandishing rifles entered the quiet village. 4 It was difficult for us to know what was going on in his mind. 5 She awoke with a sharp pain in her chest, and within an hour breathed her last. 6 The legislation will have a harmful effect on medical care in the country. 7 The 84-year-old actress sparked ridicule after sharing a clip of her make-up routine. 8 The military intervention tipped the balance of force in favour of the south. 9 Corruption is rife and to make matter worse, we elected a very weak leader. 10 The civil war has been raging for over a year and following a previous seven months’ conflict. 11 Calamities took place on his watch and he did not lift a fnger to stop it. 327 The practice exercises 12 While this testing seems helpful, the situation is a double-edged sword. 13 He has been instrumental in setting up the programme and maintaining its success. 14 These dividers could be used in crowded areas similar to how it is used in offices. 15 The official death toll of 148 is expected to rise, with thousands of people believed to be missing. (6) Use the idioms of this unit in sentences of your own. This practice exercise covers the following Arabic idioms: ﻓﻲ ﻋﺪاد ﺳﻼح ذو ﺣﺪﯾﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﺮار ﻟﻔﻆ أﻧﻔﺎﺳﮫ اﻷﺧﯿﺮة زاد اﻟﻄﯿﻦ ﺑﻠﺔ 328 ﻟﮫ اﻟﯿﺪ اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻰ ﻣﺜﯿﺮ ﻟﻠﺴﺨﺮﯾﺔ ﻻ ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮورة ﻗﻠﺐ ﻣﻮازﯾﻦ ﻻ ﯾﺤﺮك ﺳﺎﻛﻨًﺎ ﻣﺪﺟﺞ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻼح دارت رﺣﻰ اﻟﺤﺮب ﺷﺪﯾﺪ اﻟﻮطﺄة ﻻ ﻏﻨﻰ ﻋﻨﮫ دار ﻓﻲ ﺧﻠﺪه ﻣﺤﻨﺔ ﺷﺎب ﺑﺪﯾﻦ 19 ُ ُ أﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﻣﺪﻋﺎةً وﻛﺜﯿﺮا ﻣﺎ ﯾُﻄﻠِ ُ ّ ﺨﺮﯾﺔ أﯾﻨﻤﺎ واﻟﺴ ﻟﻠﺸﻔﻘﺔ ﺎس ﻟِﺒﺪاﻧَﺘﻲ ،وﻗﺪ ﻖ ذھﺒﺖ، ﯾﻠﻮﻣﻨﻲ اﻟﻨّ ُ ً ِ ِ ُ أﺣﻜﺎﻣﮭﻢ اﻟﻈّﺎﻟﻤﺔَ وﺟﮫ ّ ﺗﺤﺼﻞ اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺣﻖ ،وﻛﺄﻧّﻨﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﺒّﺐ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻠﻲ دون ﺎس ُ اﻟﻨّ ُ ﱠ ِ ِ َ ﱡ ﺑﺘﺨﻔﯿﻒ وزﻧﻲ، وداﺋﻤﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺗُﻄﺎﻟﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻲ، ﺗﺴﺘﻤﺮ واﻟﺪﺗﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ .ﺣﺘﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺑﯿﺘﻨﺎ ﻮم ّ ِ ِ ً ﺑﺈﻟﻘﺎء اﻟﻠّ ِ رﻏﻢ أﻧّﻨﻲ ﻣﺜﻠﮭﺎ أﻋﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺪاﻧﺔ .ﻟﻦ ﺗﺼﺪﻗﻮا إن ُ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻟﻜﻢ ّ ﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺪاﻧﺘﻲ ھﻮ ﻣﻦ إن اﻟﺘّﺨﻠّ َ ﺟﺮ ُ ّ راﺑﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﯿﻼت ،ﻓﻘﺪ ّ ﺑﺖ ﱠ واﻻﺑﺘﻌﺎد ﯿﺎم اﻟﺮﯾﺎﺿﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ أﻧﻮاع ﺷﻲء ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒًﺎ، ﻛﻞ َ َ ٍ ِ واﻟﺼ َ ِ ُ ْ ّ ﻋﻦ ّ اﻟﺤﺎل ﺑﻲ ﻜﺎﻛﺮ ُ واﻟﻨﺸﻮﯾﺎت واﻟﺪھﻮن ﻛﻲ أ َ ِ ﻧﻘﺺ وزﻧﻲ وﻟﻜﻦ دون ﺟﺪوى .وﻗﺪ وﺻﻠﺖ َ اﻟﺴ ِ ُ ﺗﺼﺪﻗﻮن ّ أن ً ﻣﺮةً ﻣﻦ ّ اﻟﻌﯿﺶ ﯾﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ أﺣﺪا أﻛﻞ اﻟﺨﺒﺰ ،ھﻞ اﻟﻤﺮات أﻧّﻨﻲ ُ َ َ اﻣﺘﻨﻌﺖ ً ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ ﻋﻦ ِ أﻗﻞ ً ُ ُ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ أو ﻟِﻨﻘُﻞ ّ ﺷﮭﺮ ﻟﻤﺪة ﺗﺤﻤﻠﺖ ﺑﻼ ﺧﺒﺰ؟ ﻟﻘﺪ أﺑﺘﻌﺪ ﺣﺎوﻟﺖ أن ﻗﻠﯿﻼ ،وﻟﻜﻨّﻨﻲ ﻟﻢ أُﻓﻠِﺢ. َ ِ ٍ ٍ ﺗﻨﺎوﻟﺖ ﻛﻮﺑًﺎ ﻣﻦ ّ ُ ﻋﻦ ﱡ اﻟﺸﻮﻛﻮﻻﺗﺔ اﻟﻠّﺬﯾﺬة ﻣﻊ وﻣﺜﯿﺮ ﻟﻠﻜﺂﺑﺔ وﻣﻐﺒﺮ ﻣﺘﻌﺐ ﯾﻮم ﱟ ٍ اﻟﺴ ّﻜﺮ ،وﻟﻜﻦ ﻓﻲ ٍ ٍ ُ ُ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ ّ وﺿﺢ اﻟﻨّﮭﺎر. ارﺗﻜﺒﺖ ﺟﺮﯾﻤﺔً ﻛﺒﯿﺮةً ﻓﻲ ﺷﻌﺮت ﺣﯿﻨﮭﺎ ﺑﺄﻧّﻨﻲ اﻟﺴّﻜ ِﺮ واﻟﻜﺮﯾﻤﺎ ،ﻟﻘﺪ ِ ِ ﺗﻌﻮ ُ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻢ ُ ارﺗﻜﺎب ﺟﺮاﺋﻢ ﺗﻨﺎول ّ اﻟﺴﻜﺮﯾﺎت ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻜﻮب. دت ﻋﻠﻰ أﻋﺪ أھﺘﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ أن ّ ّ ِ ُ ﻟﺴﺖ أﻧﺎ ّ ﻧﻌﯿﺶ ﻓﯿﮫ، اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﺬي اﻟﺴﺒﺐ .ﻓﺒﺪاﻧَﺘﻲ ﺳﺒﺒُﮭﺎ ﯾﻠﻮﻣﻮﻧَﻨﻲ ﻷﻧّﻨﻲ ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ،أﯾّﮭﺎ اﻟﻨّﺎس، ُ ُ وﺳﺄﺷﺮح ﻟﻜﻢ ذﻟﻚ. ُ ﺑﻜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﱠ وطﺎب ﻣﻦ ﻣﺄﻛﻮﻻت ،واﻟﺪﺗﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗُ ِﻌﱡﺪ ﻟﻲ ﱠ ﻟﺬ ﻣﻨﺬ أﻟﺬ ﻧﻌﻮﻣﺔ أظﻔﺎري وأﻧﺎ ﻣﺤﺎطٌ ﱢ َ ِ طﻌﺎم ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ،وﺟﺒﺔُ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻨﺎء. ﻋﺸﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﺴﻌﺮات ﺣﺮارﯾ ٍّﺔ ﺗﻜﻔﻲ اﻟﻐﺪاء وﺣﺪھﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻤﺘﻠﺊ َ ٍ َ ِ ٍ ُ ﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﻌﻲ أداةً ﻟﻠﺜﻮاب واﻟﻌﻘﺎبْ ، أرﺿﯿﺖ واﻟﺪﺗﻲ ،اﻣﺘﻸَ ﻓﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻠﻮﯾﺎت، إن ﻌﺎم ﯾُ ِ وﻛﺎن اﻟﻄّ ُ ُ ْ ُ ْ ُ اﻟﻮﺟﺒﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﱡ ﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﻣﺎ اﻛﺘﺄﺑﺖ اﻟﻘﻠﻖ أو أﺣﺒﮭﺎ .وإن ﺳﺎورﻧﻲ ﺣﺮﻣﺘﻨﻲ ﻣﻦ وإن أﻏﻀﺒﺘُﮭﺎ ٍ ِ ْ ﺗﺮﻓﻊ ﻣﻌﻨﻮﯾﺎﺗﻲ .أﻣﺎ ّ اﻟﺮاﺣﺔ اﻟﺘّﺎﻣﺔ وﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ اﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﯾﻮن اﻟﻜﻌﻚ اﻟﻠّﺬﯾﺬ ﻛﻲ وﺿﻌﺖ أﻣﺎﻣﻲ ﻗﺎﻟﺒًﺎ ﻣﻦ َ ِ ّ اﻟﻤﻔﻀﻠﺔ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﻣﻔﺎﺗﯿﺢ اﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮب ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ رﯾﺎﺿﺎﺗﻲ أﻟﻌﺎب اﻟﻜﻮﻣﺒﯿﻮﺗﺮ واﻟﻨّﻘﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ وﻣﻤﺎرﺳﺔ ِ ِ اﻟﺼﻐﺮ ﻣﻠﯿﺌﺔً ُ ﻌﺎم اﻟﻠّﺬﯾﺬة ﻣﺎزﻟﺖ اﻟﺘﻲ ُ أﻣﺎرﺳﮭﺎ إﻟﻰ ﯾﻮﻣﻨﺎ ھﺬا .ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺣﯿﺎﺗﻲ ﻓﻲ ﱢ ِ ﺑﻤﻮاﺋﺪ اﻟﻄّ ِ ً ُ اﻟﺠﻼﻟﺔ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﯾﺤﺴﺪﻧﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻼ واﺳﺘﺮﺧﺎء ﯾﺴﯿﻞ إن وﺻﻔﺘﮭﺎ ﻟﻜﻢ، ﺗﺠﻌﻞ ﻟﻌﺎﺑَﻜﻢ اﻟﺘﻲ ُ ُ ُ ً ِ ِ ﻣﻠﻚ ّ اﻟﺴﻮﯾﺪ. 329 DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-50 The practice exercises ُ ُ ُ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻤﺤﯿﻂُ ﺑﻲ. ﺣﺎوﻟﺖ أن أُﺧﻔّﻒ وزﻧﻲ ،أوﻗﻔَﻨﻲ وﻛﻨﺖ ﻛﻠّﻤﺎ ﻛﺒﺮت وﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻌﻲ وزﻧﻲ، ُ ﺗﻮﺟﮭُﻨﻲ ﻧﺤﻮ ّ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻮء اﻟﺘﻲ ّ اﻷﻣﺎرةَ ّ ﱡ ﻌﺎم وﻗﻠِّﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ. ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲء ﺣﻮﻟﻲ ﯾﺠﻌﻠُﻨﻲ أُ ُ ٍ طﯿﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ّ اﻟﻄ ِ ُ ﺳﯿﺎرﺗﻲ اﻟﻔﺎرھﺔُ ُ ﻗﺪﻣﻲ ﻣﺸﻘّﺔَ ﱠ ﯿﺮ ﻒ أرﯾﺪ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻛﻞ ﺗﺄﺧﺬﻧﻲ إﻟﻰ ﱢ اﻟﺬھﺎب إﻟﯿﮫ دون أن أُﻛﻠّ َ َ ّ ٍ اﻟﺴ ِ ق واﻟﻤﻄﺎﻋﻢ ،ﻓﮭﻮ َﻛ ٌ ّ ٌ واﻟﺴ ّﻜُﺮ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻄّﻌﺎم، ﺑﻜﻞ ﻮن واﺳﻊ وﻟﺬﯾﺬ ﯾﻤﺘﻠﺊ ﱢ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﺘّ ﱡ واﻟﺘّﻌﺐّ . أﻣﺎ ُ ﺴﻮ ِ ِ ﻓﻤﻜﻢ ﻗﻄﻌﺔً واﺣﺪةً ّ طﺒﻌﺎ ھﻮ ُ أﺗﺤﺪاﻛﻢ أن ﺗﺬھﺒﻮا ﺳﯿﺪ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ. ﻓﯿﮫ ً ﻟﻠﺴﻮق دون أن ﺗﻀﻌﻮا ﻓﻲ ِ ِ ّ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ ّ ّ ﻣﺘﻨﺎول اﻟﯿﺪ واﻟﻨﺘﯿﺠﺔ أﻧّﮭﺎ ﺗﻤﻠﺆﻛﻢ ﺳﻌﺮھﺎ ﻓﻲ أن اﻷﻗﻞ، ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﻠﻮى اﻟﻠﺬﯾﺬة ﻋﻠﻰ ً َ ِ ﻓﺘﺠﺪ ُرﻓﻮﻓًﺎ ﻻ ﺗﻨﺘﮭﻲ ّ ُ ﺗﺬھﺐ إﻟﻰ ّ ﻌﺮات اﻟﺤﺮارﯾ ِّﺔ وﻣﻌﮭﺎ ّ ّ ﻮق اﻟﺮاﺣﺔ اﻟﻨّﻔﺴﯿّﺔ. ﺑﺎﻟﺴ س ُ ﺗﺘﻜﺪ ُ ِ اﻟﺴ ِ وﻏﻠّ ْ وﻋﺒّ ْ ﺻﻨِ ْ ﺌﺖ ُ ُ ُ ﻌﺖ ُ ﺎس ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻔﺖ واﻟﻤﻘﺮﻣﺸﺎت اﻟﺤﻠﻮﯾﺎت ﻓﯿﮭﺎ ُ ﺑﺄﻧﻮاﻋﮭﺎ ،وﻗﺪ ُ ﯾﺠﻌﻞ َ ِ ٍ أﻛﺜﺮ اﻟﻨّ ِ إﻏﺮاءھﺎ ،اﻟﺸﻮﻛﻮﻻﺗﺔ ،واﻟﺒﺴﻜﻮﯾﺖ ،واﻟﻜﻌﻚ ﺑﺄﻧﻮاﻋﮫ ،واﻵﯾﺲ ﻛﺮﯾﻢ، ﯾﻘﺎوم وﺻﺒﺮا ﻻ ﺗﺤﻤًﻼ ً ّ ُ َ َ ﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﻣﻦ ّ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﺎ ﻮق واﻟﻤﺸﺮوﺑﺎت اﻟﻐﺎزﯾّﺔ ،واﻟﻌﺼﺎﺋﺮ ،واﻟﺒﻄﺎطﺲ اﻟﻤﻘﺮﻣﺸﺔ .وإن ً اﻟﺴ ِ ّ ّﺎت ّ ﺗﺸﺘﺮي ﺷﯿﺌًﺎ ﻓﺈﻧّﻚ ﺳﺘﺴﻘﻂُ ﺣﺘﻤﺎ ً ﻓﻲ ﱢ ﻓﺦ دون أن اﻟﺸﺮﻗﯿِّﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻔﻨّ ُﻦ ﻓﻲ َ ﻣﺤﻼ ِ ت اﻟﺤﻠﻮﯾ ِ ﺣﻠﻮﯾﺎت واﻟﻜﻨﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺒﻦ واﻟﻘﺸﻄﺔ واﻟﺰﻻﺑﯿﺔ وﻏﯿﺮھﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻮز واﻟﻘﻄﺎﺋﻒ اﻟﺒﻘﻼوة ﻨﺎﻋﺔ ٍ ِ ِ ِ ﺻ ِ ِ ِ ّ ﻻ ﺗُ ﱡ ُ َ ﻣﺤﻼت أﻣﺎﻣﻚ ﻓﺴﺘﺠﺪ ﺟﮭﺪ ﺟﮭﯿﺪ ت ﺑﻌﺪ ھﺮﺑﺖ ﻣﻦ ھﺬه ﻌﺪ وﻻ ﺗُﺤﺼﻰ .وإن ٍ ِ اﻟﻤﺤﻼ ِ َ َ ﱠ ﻛﻞ ھﺬه اﻟﻠّﺬاﺋﺬ وﻟﻢ ﺗﺘﺬوق ﻣﻨﮭﺎ ﻨﺎت واﻟﺤﻠﻮى اﻟﻐﺮﺑﯿّﺔ .وإن اﻟﻜﻌﻚ ﺗﺨﻠﺼﺖ ﻣﻦ ﱢ واﻟﻤﻌﺠ ِ ِ ْ اﻟﻤﻄﺎﻋﻢ ﺗُ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻣﻮع ﺣﺰﻧًﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓِﺮاﻗِﮭﺎّ ، ﻋﯿﻨﺎك واﻏﺮورﻗﺖ ﺷﯿﺌًﺎ، ﺤﺎول ﻓﺈن ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔً طﻮﯾﻠﺔً ﻣﻦ ُ َ ِ ِ ﻟﺘﺘﻨﺎول وﺟﺒﺎﺗِﮭﺎ اﻟﻤﻠﯿﺌﺔَ ﱡ ّ ﻜﺎﻛﺮ ﺤﻮم ﺗﺪﻋﻮك ﻚ وھﻲ ﻋﻨﻚ ﺗﻤﺴﺢ أن َ دﻣﻮﻋ َ َ َ َ َ ﺤﻮم واﻟﻠﱡ ِ ﺑﺎﻟﺸ ِ واﻟﺴ ِ اﻟﺮأي ّ واﻟﻤﻌﺠﻨﺎت .ﺑﻌﺪ ّ ﱠ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﺆول ﻋﻦ ﺑﺪاﻧَﺘﻲ ھﻮ إن ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ذﻛﺮﺗُﮫُ ﻟﻜﻢ ،أﻻ ﺗُﺸﺎطﺮوﻧَﻨﻲ َ َ ُ أﻋﯿﺶ ﻓﯿﮫ؟ اﻟﺬي ُ (1) Carefully read the text, then discuss how the idioms are used to convey the meaning. (2) Translate the text into English, making sure that your final translation reads like authentic English and reproduces the content and style of the text. (3) Express what you understand in Arabic by using the idioms appearing in the text. Ensure to use all the idioms from the text correctly. (4) Choose the correct idioms to fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences. 1 وﻣﻮﻟﻌﺎ ﺑﻘﺮاءة اﻟﻨﺜﺮ ﻛﺎن واﻟﺪي ﺷﻐﻮﻓًﺎ ﺑﺎﻷدب ً واﻟﺸﻌﺮ ____________. أ ﻣﻦ راﺑﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﯿﻼت ب ﻣﻨﺬ ﻧﻌﻮﻣﺔ أظﻔﺎره ج ﺳﯿﺪ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ 330 ﻣﺤﻨﺔ ﺷﺎب ﺑﺪﯾﻦ 2 أﻋﺘﻘﺪ أﻧﻚ ___________ ﻓﻲ أن اﻟﻄﻘﺲ أﺻﺒﺢ أﻛﺜﺮ دﻓﺌًﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻷﻋﻮام اﻷﺧﯿﺮة. ﺣﻜﻤﺎ أ ﺗﻄﻠﻖ ً ﻋﻠﻲ ب ﺗﻠﻘﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻮم ّ ج ﺗﺸﺎطﺮﻧﻲ اﻟﺮأي 3 ﻓﻠﻤﺎ رأﯾﺖ اﻟﻄﻔﻠﺔ وﻗﺪ ___________ ﺿﻤﻤﺘﮭﺎ إﻟﻲ ووﻋﺪﺗﮭﺎ ﺑﺄﻧﻲ ﺳﺄﻋﻮد ﻵﺧﺬھﺎ ﻣﻌﻲ. ّ أ ﻓﻲ وﺿﺢ اﻟﻨﮭﺎر ب اﻏﺮورﻗﺖ ﻋﯿﻨﺎھﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻣﻮع ج ﺳﺎوره اﻟﺸﻚ 4 ﺗﻌﺮض أﺣﺪ ﻣﺤﻼت ﺳﻮق اﻟﺬھﺐ إﻟﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﺳﺮﻗﺔ _________ ﺑﻌﺪ أن أﺷﮭﺮ اﻟﻠﺺ اﻟﺴﻼح ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﯿﻦ ﻓﯿﮫ أﺛﻨﺎء ﺗﻨﺎوﻟﮭﻢ اﻟﻐﺪاء. أ ﻓﻲ وﺿﺢ اﻟﻨﮭﺎر ب ﺳﻘﻂ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﺦ ج ﻣﻦ راﺑﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﯿﻼت 5 ﻻ ﯾﺰال اﻟﻐﻤﻮض ھﻮ ___________ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﯿﺔ ﻣﻘﺘﻞ ﺗﺎﺟﺮ اﻟﻤﻮﺑﯿﻠﯿﺎ اﻟﻤﻌﺮوف. أ ﻣﺪﻋﺎة ﻟﻠﺸﻔﻘﺔ ب دون ﺟﺪوى ج ﺳﯿﺪ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ 6 ﺗﻤﻜﻦ رﺟﺎل اﻹطﻔﺎء _________ﻣﻦ إﺧﻤﺎد اﻟﺤﺮﯾﻖ اﻟﺬي ﺷﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮدع اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺲ ﻟﻸدوﯾﺔ. أ دون ﺟﺪوى ب ﺑﻌﺪ ﺟﮭﺪ ﺟﮭﯿﺪ ج ﺳﻘﻄﻮا ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﺦ 7 ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ اﻟﻌﻮدة إﻟﻰ أرض اﻟﻮطﻦ ﻓﮭﻮ أ ﻣﻦ راﺑﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﯿﻼت ﯾﺒﺪو أﻧﮫ ﯾﺮﻓﺾ ً ب ﻻ ﺗﻌﺪ وﻻ ﺗﺤﺼﻰ ﯾﻘﻮل إن ﻋﻮدﺗﮫ ﺣﺎﻟﯿًﺎ ھﻲ _________. ج أﻟﻘﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻼﺋﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ 8 ____ اﻷم _____ ﺣﯿﻦ ﺗﺄﺧﺮت اﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻘﻞ أ أﻟﻘﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﻼﺋﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ب وﻗﻌﺖ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺦ اﺑﻨﺘﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل ﻓﻲ ظﻞ أوﺿﺎع ﺟﻮﯾﺔ ﺳﯿﺌﺔ. ج ﺳﺎور اﻟﻘﻠﻖ 9 ﺣﺎوﻟﻨﺎ اﻻﺗﺼﺎل ﺑﮭﻢ ﻋﺪة ﻣﺮات وﻟﻜﻦ __________. 331 أ ﻣﻦ راﺑﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﯿﻼت ب دون ﺟﺪوى ج ﺑﻌﺪ ﺟﮭﺪ ﺟﮭﯿﺪ The practice exercises 10إن ﻓﻮاﺋﺪ اﻟﺒﺼﻞ واﻟﺜﻮم واﻟﺰﻧﺠﺒﯿﻞ ﻟﺠﺴﻢ اﻻﻧﺴﺎن _________. أ ﺳﯿﺪ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ ب ﺗﺮﻓﻊ ﻣﻌﻨﻮﯾﺎﺗﻚ ج ﻻ ﺗﻌﺪ وﻻ ﺗﺤﺼﻰ 11اﻣﺘﻸ اﻟﺒﯿﺎن اﻟﺬي أﺻﺪرﺗﮫ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺣﻮل اﻧﺠﺎزاﺗﮭﺎ أ ﻣﺪﻋﺎة ﻟﻠﺴﺨﺮﯾﺔ ب ﺑﻌﺪ ﺟﮭﺪ ﺟﮭﯿﺪ ﺑﺎﻷﻛﺎذﯾﺐ وﻛﺎن ________. ج ﺗﺸﺎطﺮه اﻟﺮأي 12وﻣﻦ ﺷﺄن اﻟﻤﻨﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﺘﻘﺪﻣﮭﺎ وزارة اﻟﺸﺒﺎب واﻟﺮﯾﺎﺿﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻨﺎدي اﻟﺮﯾﺎﺿﻲ __________ اﻟﻼﻋﺒﯿﻦ وأﻧﺼﺎر اﻟﻨﺎدي. أ ﻓﻲ وﺿﺢ اﻟﻨﮭﺎر ب رﻓﻊ ﻣﻌﻨﻮﯾﺎت ج دون ﺟﺪوى 13ﻗﺒﻞ أن ﺗﺴﺘﻌﺠﻞ و _________ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب، أ ﺗﺴﻘﻂ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﺦ ب ﺗﺮﻓﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﻮﯾﺎﺗﻚ ﺣﻜﻤﺎ ج ﺗﻄﻠﻖ ً 14ﯾﻘﻮﻟﻮن إن اﻟﺼﺪﯾﻖ اﻟﻤﺨﻠﺺ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﻷن _______ أﻣﺎ اﻟﺼﺪﯾﻖ اﻟﻤﺨﻠﺺ ﻓﻼ ﯾﺄﻣﺮ ّإﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﺨﯿﺮ. أ اﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﺗﺸﺎطﺮك اﻟﺮأي ب اﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﺗﻠﻘﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻼﺋﻤﺔ ج اﻟﻨﻔﺲ أﻣﺎرة ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻮء 15دﻋﺖ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﻔﯿﯿﻦ إﻟﻰ ﺗﻮﺧﻲ اﻟﺤﺬر وﻋﺪم أ رﻓﻊ ﻣﻌﻨﻮﯾﺎت ب إطﻼق ﺣﻜﻢ ج اﻟﻮﻗﻮع ﻓﻲ ﻓﺦ ﻋﻠﯿﻚ أن ﺗﻘﺮأه ﺑﺘﻤﻌﻦ. ________ دﻋﺎﯾﺎت اﻟﻌﺪو اﻟﻤﻀﺎدة. أ أﻟﻘﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﻼﺋﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ 16وذﻛﺮت وﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻹﻋﻼم أن اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺣﻜﻤﺎ _________ ﻣﺎ وﺻﻔﺘﮫ ”اﻟﻘﻮى اﻷﺟﻨﺒﯿﺔ“ ﻟﺴﻌﯿﮭﺎ ب أطﻠﻘﺖ ً ج ﺳﺎورھﺎ اﻟﻘﻠﻖ إﻟﻰ إﻟﺤﺎق اﻟﻀﺮر ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻼد. (5) Translate the following sentences into Arabic. Translate the words in bold into one of the idioms of this unit. 1 The archipelago abounds with countless natural attractions. 2 You are looking at something that is absolutely impossible to attain. 332 ﻣﺤﻨﺔ ﺷﺎب ﺑﺪﯾﻦ 3 The mother became concerned when her baby started showing symptoms. 4 Two men have been arrested after a teenager was attacked in broad daylight. 5 She whispered the words, then her eyes flled with tears. 6 The Fire Service personnel put out the fire after considerable effort. 7 Ever since I was a child, I have had this passion for Arabic calligraphy. 8 The activist stood in front of the tanks, waving at them to stop, but to no avail. 9 The managers remain divided over the future outlook as ambiguity still prevails. 10 Do you share my opinion that this book is very useful? 11 The dramatic increase in the number of TB cases has become a cause for concern. 12 The return of this player would lift the spirit of the team as he is a key player. 13 She is capable of killing because her very soul incites her to evil. 14 The editor fell into the trap of defending the article when it deserves censure. 15 Is it right for us to judge the intelligence of a person by their education? 16 The report has laid the blame for the loss of the money on the former bank manager. (6) Use the idioms of this unit in sentences of your own. This practice exercise covers the following Arabic idioms: وﻗﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺦ/ ﺳﻘﻂ ﻻ ﺗﻌﺪ وﻻ ﺗﺤﺼﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻮم ﻋﻠﻰ/ أﻟﻘﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻼﺋﻤﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺟﮭ ٍﺪ ﺟﮭﯿﺪ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻧﻌﻮﻣﺔ أظﻔﺎره رﻓﻊ )ﻣﻦ( ﻣﻌﻨﻮﯾﺎﺗﮫ أطﻠﻖ ﺣﻜ ًﻤﺎ اﻏﺮورﻗﺖ ﻋﯿﻨﺎه ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻣﻮع ﺳﯿﺪ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻒ ﻣﻦ راﺑﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﯿﻼت ﻓﻲ وﺿﺢ اﻟﻨﮭﺎر ﺷﺎطﺮه اﻟﺮأي ﺳﺎوره اﻟﻘﻠﻖ دون ﺟﺪوى ﻟﻠﺴﺨﺮﯾﺔ/ ﻣﺪﻋﺎة ﻟﻠﺸﻔﻘﺔ ﻧﻔﺲ أ ّﻣﺎرة ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻮء 333 ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺮ رﺳﻤﻲ 20 ﻓﯿﺮ ت اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿِّﺔ اﻟﻌﺎّﻣﺔ ﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠّ ِ ﺎت اﻟﺤﻜﻮ ِ ﺑﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ ﺳﯿﺎﺳ ِ ِ ﺗﻘﻮم ھﯿﺌﺔ اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎ ِ ﻘﺔ ﺑﺘﻮ ِ ت ا ّ ﺎت اﻟﺨﺎ ّ ا ّ ﺻﺔ، ﻟﮭﺸِﺔ ﻛﺎﻷﯾﺘﺎم ،واﻷﺣﺪاث ،وذوي اﻻﺣﺘﯿﺎﺟ ِ ﯾﺔ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿِّﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﺌﺎ ِ ﻟﺮﻋﺎ ِ ﻟﺴﱢﻦ ،وﻓﺎﻗﺪي ا ّ ﻟﻌﻤﻞ وﻏﯿﺮھﻢ. وﻛﺒﺎر ا ﱢ ﺧﻞ ،واﻟﻌﺎ َ طﻠﯿﻦ ﻋﻦ ا ِ ﻜﻦ ،وﻣﺤﺪودي اّﻟﺪ ِ ﻟﺴ ِ ﻟﯿﻦ ﺑﻌﻤﻠﮭﺎ ،وﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺗﮭﻢ ﺗﻖ اﻟﮭﯿﺌﺔ ﺗﻮ ُ و ُ طﻨﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺸﻤﻮ َ ﯾﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮا َ ﻓﯿﺮ ﺣﯿﺎٍة ﻛﺮ ٍ ﯾﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎ ِ ُ ﺰء ﻻ ﻓﻀﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ .واﻟﮭﯿﺌﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ أ ﺮاط ﯾﺸﮭﺪ ﻟﮭﺎ ﺗﺎرﯾُﺨﮭﺎ ھﻲ ﺟ ٌ َ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﻧﺨ ِ ٍ ﻋﻢ وﺗﺴﺎ ُ ﻧﺪ وﺗﺮﻋﻰ ﱠ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻮاط ٍﻦ ﻧﺴﯿﺞ ا ﯾﺘﺠﺰأ ﻣﻦ ﺎس اﻟﯿﻮﻣﯿّﺔ ،وھﻲ ﺗﺪ ُ ﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ وﺣﯿﺎ ِة اﻟﻨّ ِ ِ ِ ﻌﯿﻖ ّ ﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗُ ُ ﺟﮭﺔ ا ﱡ ﻈﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺗﻘﺪَﻣﮫُ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﯿﺎة ﱢ ﻟﺼﻌﻮﺑ ِ ﯾﺤﺘﺎُج ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪةً ﻟﻤﻮا ِ ﺑﻐﺾ اﻟﻨّ ِ ا ﱡ ﺣﺠﻤﮭﺎ. ﺎت و ِ ﻟﺼﻌﻮﺑ ِ ّ ّ اﻟﺘﻘﺮﯾﺮ ﯾﺴﻠّﻂُ ھﺬا وﻧﺸﺎطﺎت اﻟﮭﯿﺌﺔ واﻹﺣﺼﺎءات اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿّﺔ ﺮات ﻮء ﻋﻠﻰ ُ ِ ِ اﻟﻤﺆﺷ ِ اﻟﻀ َ ﻣﺠﺎل ﻣﺴﺆوﻟﯿﺘﮭﺎ ﺑﻼء ﺣﺴﻨًﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻘﺪﯾﻢ أﻓﻀﻞ اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت ﻓﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎم اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ .ﻟﻘﺪ أﺑﻠﺖ اﻟﮭﯿﺌﺔُ ً ِ ِ ﻣﻄﺮﻗﺔ ﺗﺨﻔﯿﺾ اﻟﺘّ رﻏﻢ ّ ﺨﺼﯿﺼﺎت اﻟﻤﺎﻟﯿ ِّﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻌﻮﺑﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ واﺟﮭﺘﮭﺎ ،ﺣﯿﺚ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼ ِ ِ ِ ﺟﮭﺪھﺎ ﺟﮭﺔ أﺧﺮى .وﻗﺪ وﺳﻨﺪان ﺗﺰاﯾﺪ اﻟﻄﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺗﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺟﮭﺔ ٍ ٍ ﺑﺬﻟﺖ اﻟﮭﯿﺌﺔ ﻗُﺼﺎرى ِ ِ ِ اﻹﺟﺮاءات واﻟﺘّﺪاﺑﯿﺮ اﻹدارﯾّﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻛﻲ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻌﺎب اﻟﻤﺎﻟﯿّﺔ ﻋﺒﺮ أﺟﻞ ﺗﺬﻟﯿﻞ ﱢ ٍ ِ ِ ﻣﻦ ِ اﻟﺘﺤﺪﯾﺚ وﺑﺎﻋﺘﻤﺎدھﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺳﺎﻟﯿﺐ أﻓﻀﻞ وﺟﮫ ﺧﺪﻣﺔً ﻟﻠﻤﻮاطﻨﯿﻦ. أداء ﻋﻤﻠﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ َ ﺗﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻓﻲ ِ ِ ِ ِ ﺴﻤﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻗُﺪرﺗﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿ ِّﺔ واﻟﺘّﻄﻮﯾﺮ ﻓﻘﺪ أﺻﺒﺤﺖ ھﯿﺌﺔ اﺳﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ُﻣ ّ ّ ِ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ً وﺿﻤﺎن ﺟﻮدﺗِﮭﺎ. اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿّﺔ ﺗﻮﻓﯿﺮ ِ ِ ِ (1) Carefully read the text, then discuss how the idioms are used to convey the meaning. (2) Translate the text into English, making sure that your final translation reads like authentic English and reproduces the content and style of the text. (3) Express what you understand in Arabic by using the idioms appearing in the text. Ensure to use all the idioms from the text correctly. DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-51 334 ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺮ رﺳﻤﻲ (4) Choose the correct idioms to fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences. 1إﻧﻲ أرى اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ ﻧﺎﺟﺢ ﻗﺪ ﻧﺠﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻨﺎء ﺑﯿﺌﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ اﯾﺠﺎﺑﯿﺔ ،ﻓﮭﻮ ﻓﻌﻼً _______. أ ﻣﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻄﺮﻗﺔ واﻟﺴﻨﺪان ب اﺳﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﻤﻰ ج ﻣﺴﻠﻂ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ اﻟﻀﻮء 2اﻹﯾﺠﺎر اﻟﺸﮭﺮي ﻟﮭﺬا اﻟﺒﯿﺖ ھﻮ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ ______ ﻋﺪد اﻷﻓﺮاد اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﯿﻦ ﻓﯿﮫ. أ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻓﻀﻞ وﺟﮫ ب ﯾﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺗﻖ ج ﺑﻐﺾ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻋﻦ 3إن وﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻹﻋﻼم _______ ﻣﺴﺆوﻟﯿﺔ ﺗﻮﻋﯿﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﮭﻮر ﺗﺠﺎه ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﯾﺨﺺ ﺷﺆون اﻟﻤﻮاطﻦ. أ ﺗﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺗﻘﮭﺎ ب ﺗﺒﺬل ﻗﺼﺎرى ﺟﮭﺪھﺎ ﺑﻼء ﺣﺴﻨًﺎ ج ﺗﺒﻠﻰ ً 4وﺑﯿﻦ أن ﯾﺮﺿﻲ زوﺟﺘﮫ أو أﻣﮫ ،ﯾﺠﺪ ﻋﻤﺎر ﻧﻔﺴﮫ _______. أ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻓﻀﻞ وﺟﮫ ب ﯾﺴﻠﻂ اﻟﻀﻮء ج ﻣﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻄﺮﻗﺔ واﻟﺴﻨﺪان 5وﻋﻠﻖ اﻟﻤﺬﯾﻊ أن اﻟﻤﺮﺷﺢ ﻟﻠﺮﺋﺎﺳﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺤﺰب أ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻓﻀﻞ وﺟﮫ ﺑﻼء ﺣﺴﻨًﺎ اﻟﺪﯾﻤﻘﺮاطﻲ ﻗﺪ ________ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺎظﺮة ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮﺷﺢ ب أﺑﻠﻰ ً ج ذﻟﻞ اﻟﺼﻌﺎب اﻟﺤﺰب اﻟﺠﻤﮭﻮري. ﻓﯿﻠﻤﺎ وﺛﺎﺋﻘﯿًّﺎ 6ﻋﺮض اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻲ اﻹﺳﺒﺎﻧﻲ ً _______ رﻗﺼﺔ اﻟﻔﻼﻣﯿﻨﻜﻮ وﺗﺎرﯾﺨﮭﺎ. أ ﺳﻠﻂ اﻟﻀﻮء ﻋﻠﻰ ب ذﻟﻞ اﻟﺼﻌﺎب ج ﺑﻐﺾ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻋﻦ 7ﻧﺘﻄﻠﻊ إﻟﻰ ﺗﻮطﯿﺪ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت ﺑﯿﻦ ﺑﻠﺪﯾﻨﺎ وإﻟﻰ ﻋﻼﻗﺎت ﺗﺠﺎرﯾﺔ ﺗﺨﺪم ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺷﻌﺒﯿﻨﺎ __________. ﺑﻼء ﺣﺴﻨًﺎ أ ﺗﺒﻠﻲ ً ب ﻣﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻄﺮﻗﺔ واﻟﺴﻨﺪان ج ﻋﻠﻰ أﻓﻀﻞ وﺟﮫ 335 The practice exercises ﺑﻼء ﺣﺴﻨًﺎ ً ﻟﻘﺪ _____ اﻟﺴﺒّﺎﺣﺔ ________وأﺣﺮزت اﻟﻤﯿﺪاﻟﯿﺔ أ أﺑﻠﺖ8 ب ﺳﻠﻄﺖ اﻟﻀﻮء .اﻟﺬھﺒﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺒﺎق اﻟﻔﺮاﺷﺔ ج ﺑﺬﻟﺖ ﻗﺼﺎرى ﺟﮭﺪھﺎ أ ذﻟﻠﺖ اﻟﺼﻌﺎب ب وﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺗﻘﮭﺎ ج ﺳﻠﻄﺖ اﻟﻀﻮء ﯾﻌﻮد اﻧﺨﻔﺎض ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﻮﻓﯿﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻼد إﻟﻰ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ9 .اﻟﺘﻲ _________ ﻟﻼرﺗﻘﺎء ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻄﺎع اﻟﺼﺤﻲ (5) Translate the following sentences into Arabic. Translate the words in bold into one of the idioms of this unit. 1 I will do my best to serve the people in these difficult times. 2 Vitamins can keep the body functioning in the best possible way. 3 The minister’s remarks leave the officials between the hammer and the anvil. 4 All the responsibilities fell on her shoulders after her husband died. 5 Our government has worked consistently to overcome challenges in these areas. 6 The woman was aptly named Jameela. 7 The national football team performed very well this season. 8 The health report highlighted a number of food deficiencies. 9 These rules apply to everyone using their service, regardless of the nationality of the customer. (6) Use the idioms of this unit in sentences of your own. This practice exercise covers the following Arabic idioms: وﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺗﻘﮫ ﺑﻐﺾ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺑﺬل ﻗﺼﺎرى ﺟﮭﺪه 336 ﺳﻠﻂ اﻟﻀﻮء ﻋﻠﻰ/ أﻟﻘﻰ اﺳ ٌﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﻤﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻄﺮﻗﺔ واﻟﺴﻨﺪان ذﻟﻞ اﻟﺼﻌﺎب أﺑﻠﻰ ﺑﻼ ًء ﺣﺴﻨًﺎ أﺳﻮأ وﺟﮫ/ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻓﻀﻞ وھﻜﺬا دواﻟﯿﻚ 21 ﱡ ٌ وﺟﮭﮫ ﻓﻲ اﻷزﻗّﺔ .ﻻ َ ٌ ﺑﯿﺖ ﻟﮫ وﻻ ﻣﺄوى ﯾﮭﯿﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ورث اﻟﺴﱢﻦ رﺟﻞ ﺧﻀﺮ طﺎﻋﻦ ﻓﻲ ﱢ ِ ِ اﻟﮭﯿﺌﺔ ُ ﯾﻌﺮف ٌ ﯾﻤﻠﻚ ﺷﺮوى ﻧﻘﯿﺮ .ﺗﺠﺪهُ ﯾﺴﺘﺠﺪي ﻣﺎ ﱡ ُ ُ أﺣﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺣﯿﱢﻨﺎ ﺑﮫ رﻣﻘَﮫُ ﻣﻦ ھﺬا أو ذاك .ﻻ وﻻ ﯾﺴﺪ ِ ّ ُ ﺻﺒﺎح ّ ﺷﺎرد ﺮﯾﻖ ﻛﻞ ﯾﻮم ﻋﻠﻰ ﯾﺠﻠﺲ ﻣﻊ ﺷﺮوق اﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﯾﻜﻮن ﺧﻀﺮ اﻟﺬي َﻣﻦ ُ َ َ ِ ﻗﺎرﻋﺔ اﻟﻄ ِ ﱢ اﻟﺬھﻦ ﺻﺎﻣﺘًﺎْ ، ﯾﻤﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ّ راح ﱡ ﺑﺒﺼﺮه إﻟﻰ اﻟﻄّﻌﺎم، ﯾﺸﺨﺺ اﻟﺪﻛﺎﻛﯿﻦ وھﻮ وإن ُ ﺷﻌﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻮع َ َ ِ ﱡ ﮭﯿﺮة ّ ّ وﯾﻌﻄﯿﮫ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻌﻞ أﺣﺪھﻢ اﻟﻤﺸﻮي ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﺒﺎب ﺑﺤﺴﺮة إﻟﻰ وﯾﻨﻈﺮ ﯾﺮق ﻟﮫُ ﻗﻠﺒﮫُ ُ ٍ ِ ِ ِ وﻗﺖ اﻟﻈّ ِ ْ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺘﺴﻤًﺮا أﻣﺎم ﺷﻲء ﻣﻌﯿ ٍّﻦ ﺗﺮاهُ واﻗﻔًﺎ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ إﻟﻰ طﻌﺎﻣﮫ أو ﺷﺮاﺑﮫ .وإن ﺑﻘﺎﯾﺎ ﱟ ھﻔﺖ ُ ٍ ّ ِ ُ ً ﻓﺈﻣﺎ ﺑﮫ اﻟﻤﺤﻞ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﯾﻀﯿﻖ ﯾﺒﺮح ﻣﻜﺎﻧﮫُ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻟﻤﺤﺎل ﻻ ُ ُ ﱢ وﺑﮭﯿﺌﺘﮫ اﻟﻤﺜﯿﺮة ﻟﻼﺷﻤﺌﺰازّ ، ِ ذرﻋﺎ ِ طﯿﺐ ﺧﺎطﺮ ً ُ ﯾﻨﻈﺮ إﻟﯿﮫ ﻗﻠﯿﻼ ﻣﻤﺎ ﯾﺮﯾﺪهُ أو أن ﯾﻌﻄﯿﮫ ﻋﻦ ﻓﯿﻌﻮد ﺷﺰرا وﯾﻄﺮدهُ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻸ ُ ً ِ ﺧﻀﺮ أدراﺟﮫُ ﺧﺎﺋﺒًﺎّ .إﻻ ّ اﻟﻜﺮةَ ّ ّ ﺗﻐﺮب ﻛﻞ ﯾﻮم ،وﺣﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﯾﻌﯿﺪ أن ﺧﻀﺮ ﻻ ﯾﺘﻮاﻧﻰ ﻋﻦ أن ُ َ ّ ﱡ ُ أدراﺟﮫُ إﻟﻰ ﺣﯿﺚ أﺗﻰ ﺣﺘﻰ وﯾﻌﻮد ﯾﺸﻖ طﺮﯾﻘَﮫُ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻷزﻗّ ِﺔ وﯾﻐﻠﺐ ﺧﻀﺮ اﻟﻨّﻌﺎس ﻤﺲ ُ اﻟﺸ ُ َ ﻟﯿﻈﮭﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺣﯿّﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ،وھﻜﺬا دواﻟﯿﻚ. ﺻﺒﺎح اﻟﯿﻮم اﻟﺘّﺎﻟﻲ َ (1) Carefully read the text, then discuss how the idioms are used to convey the meaning. (2) Translate the text into English, making sure that your final translation reads like authentic English and reproduces the content and style of the text. (3) Express what you understand in Arabic by using the idioms appearing in the text. Ensure to use all the idioms from the text correctly. (4) Choose the correct idioms to fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences. 337 DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-52 The practice exercises 1 أﺻﺒﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﺎرة ﻣﻜﺪﺳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻤﺎﻣﺔ واﻟﻤﺨﻠﻔﺎت ﻷن اﻷھﺎﻟﻲ ﯾﻠﻘﻮن ﺑﮭﺎ ________. أ ﻋﻦ طﯿﺐ ﺧﺎطﺮ ب ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎرﻋﺔ اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻖ ج ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻸ 2 ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ أﻧﺎ أﺗﺠﻮل ﻓﻲ ﺷﻮارع اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ رأﯾﺖ اﻣﺮأة ﺟﺎﻟﺴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺎب ﺑﯿﺘﮭﺎ وﻗﺪ ________ ﻧﺤﻮ اﻟﺴﻤﺎء. ﺷﺰرا إﻟﻲ ً أ ﻧﻈﺮت ّ ب ﺷﺨﺼﺖ ﺑﺒﺼﺮھﺎ ّ رق ﻟﻲ ﻗﻠﺒﮭﺎ ج 3 ﻻ ﯾﮭﻤﻨﻲ ﻣﺎ ﯾﻘﻮﻟﻮن ،وھﺎ أﻧﺎ أﻗﻮﻟﮭﺎ ______ إﻧﻨﻲ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﻮاﻓﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪة. أ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻸ ب ﻋﻦ طﯿﺐ ﺧﺎطﺮ ج ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎرﻋﺔ اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻖ 4 ﻣﻌﺪﻣﺎ و ﻓﻘﯿﺮا ﻗﺒﻞ أن ﯾﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻮاﺑًﺎ ﻟﻌﻤﺎرﺗﻨﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻧﺒﯿﻞ ً ً ________. أ ﯾﺴﺪ رﻣﻘﮫ ﺷﺰرا ب ﯾﻨﻈﺮ ً ج ﻻ ﯾﻤﻠﻚ ﺷﺮوى ﻧﻘﯿﺮ 5 وﻷﻧﮫ ﻛﺎن ﻣﺴﯿﺤﯿًّﺎ ﻣﺘﺪﯾﻨًﺎ ﻓﺈن _____ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ _____ إﻟﻰ زﯾﺎرة ﻛﻨﯿﺴﺔ اﻟﻘﯿﺎﻣﺔ وﺣﻀﻮر اﺣﺘﻔﺎﻻت ﻋﯿﺪ اﻟﻤﯿﻼد ﻓﯿﮭﺎ. أ اﻟﻨﻌﺎس ﯾﻐﻠﺒﮫ ب ﻗﻠﺒﮫ ﯾﺮق ج ﻧﻔﺴﮫ ﺗﮭﻔﻮ 6 أﻧﺎ ﻣﺘﺄﻛﺪ أن ﺳﯿﺎدة اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺲ ______ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻘﺪﯾﻢ ﻛﻞ أﺷﻜﺎل اﻟﺪﻋﻢ اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﺘﻄﻮﯾﺮ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﺸﺎرﯾﻊ. ً ذرﻋﺎ أ ﯾﻀﯿﻖ ب ﻻ ﯾﺘﻮاﻧﻰ ج ﯾﺸﻖ طﺮﯾﻘﮫ 7 ﻧﻌﺘﻘﺪ أﻧﮫ ﯾﺠﺐ اﻹﻓﺮاج ﻋﻨﮫ اﻵن ﻷﻧﮫ رﺟﻞ _______ وﻟﺪﯾﮫ ﻣﺮض ﺧﻄﯿﺮ ﺳﯿﻘﺘﻠﮫ ﻓﻲ ﻏﻀﻮن ﺷﮭﺮﯾﻦ. أ ﻣﺜﯿﺮ ﻟﻼﺷﻤﺌﺰاز ب طﺎﻋﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻦ ج رث اﻟﮭﯿﺌﺔ 8 إﻧﮭﺎ ﻧﺠﻤﺔ ﻛﺒﯿﺮة ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻐﻨﺎء واﻟﻄﺮب ،و ______ اﻟﻔﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺻﻐﯿﺮ. أ ﺷﻘﺖ طﺮﯾﻘﮭﺎ ب ھﺎﻣﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﮭﮭﺎ ج ﻋﺎدت أدراﺟﮭﺎ 338 وھﻜﺬا دواﻟﯿﻚ 9 ﻟﻘﺪ _______ ﺑﺄوﻟﺌﻚ اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﯾﺘﺤﺪﺛﻮن ﺑﻨﻈﺮﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺆاﻣﺮة أ رق ﻗﻠﺒﻲ ب ھﻤﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﮭﻲ وﻻ ﯾﺮون ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺔ اﻷﺷﯿﺎء. ً ذرﻋﺎ ج ﺿﻘﺖ 10ﺳﻤﺢ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ اﻟﺸﻘﺔ_______ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺄﺟﺮ ﺑﺘﺄﺟﯿﻞ دﻓﻊ اﻹﯾﺠﺎر ﺣﺘﻰ ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺸﮭﺮ. أ ﺳﺪ رﻣﻖ ب وھﻜﺬا دواﻟﯿﻚ ج ﻋﻦ طﯿﺐ ﺧﺎطﺮ 11وطﯿﻠﺔ اﻟﻔﯿﻠﻢ ﯾﻈﮭﺮ اﻟﺮﺟﻞ اﻟﻌﺎطﻞ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺿﻌﯿﻒ ﺿﺎﺋﻌﺎ _______. اﻟﺒﻨﯿﺔ ً أ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻸ ھﺎﺋﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﮭﮫ ب ً ج وھﻜﺬا دواﻟﯿﻚ ﻣﺮﺗﺎﺣﺎ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ اﻟﺴﺠﯿﻦ وﻛﺎن ﻛﻠﻤﺎ 12ﻟﻢ ﯾﻜﻦ ﻣﺪﯾﺮ اﻟﺴﺠﻦ ً رآه ______. أ ﻋﺎد أدراﺟﮫ ﺷﺰرا ب ﻧﻈﺮ إﻟﯿﮫ ً ج رق ﻟﮫ ﻗﻠﺒﮫ 13أﺛﻨﺎء اﻻﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎت ﺗﻢ ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ اﻟﺤﻠﻮﯾﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻼت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺗﺠﺪ ﻣﺎ ______. ﺷﺰرا أ ﺗﻨﻈﺮ إﻟﯿﮫ ً ب ﯾﺴﺪ رﻣﻘﮭﺎ ج ﯾﺸﺨﺺ ﺑﺼﺮھﺎ إﻟﯿﮫ 14 داﺋﻤﺎ ﻣﺎ أراه _______ إﻟﻰ ﺑﯿﺘﮫ ﺑﻌﺪ دواﻣﮫ ﻓﻲ ً اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ. أ ﻻ ﯾﻤﻠﻚ ﺷﺮوى ﻧﻘﯿﺮ ب ﯾﻌﻮد أدراﺟﮫ ج رث اﻟﮭﯿﺌﺔ 15إن ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺳﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﻢ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ ______ ﺣﻘًﺎ. أ ﯾﺸﻖ طﺮﯾﻘﮫ ب ﻣﺜﯿﺮ ﻟﻼﺷﻤﺌﺰاز ج ﺗﮭﻔﻮ إﻟﯿﮫ اﻟﻨﻔﻮس 16ﺑﻌﺪ أن _______ اﺿﻄﺮ ﺳﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﺸﺎﺣﻨﺔ أن ﯾﻮﻗﻒ ﺷﺎﺣﻨﺘﮫ وﯾﺄﺧﺬ ﻗﺴﻄًﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮم. أ ﻋﺎد أدراﺟﮫ ب ﻏﻠﺒﮫ اﻟﻨﻌﺎس ج رق ﻟﮫ ﻗﻠﺒﮫ 339 The practice exercises ً ذرﻋﺎ أ ﺿﺎق ب رق ﻗﻠﺐ ج ﻻ ﯾﺘﻮاﻧﻰ ﻋﻦ ً وﺣﯿﺪا ﻓﻲ ____ اﻟﻄﻔﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﺮو اﻟﺼﻐﯿﺮ وھﻮ ﯾﻘﻒ17 .اﻟﺒﺮد واﻟﻌﺮاء أ ﺷﺎرد اﻟﺬھﻦ ب وھﻜﺬا دواﻟﯿﻚ ج رث اﻟﮭﯿﺌﺔ ﻓﻲ ھﺬا اﻟﺘﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺮﻓﻊ ﯾﺪك اﻟﯿﻤﻨﻰ إﻟﻰ اﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﻢ ﺗﻨﺰﻟﮭﺎ18 ﺛﻢ ﺗﺮﻓﻊ ﯾﺪك اﻟﯿﺴﺮى ﺛﻢ ﺗﻨﺰﻟﮭﺎ ______ ﻟﻤﺪة ﻋﺸﺮ .دﻗﺎﺋﻖ ً ذرﻋﺎ أ ﯾﻀﯿﻖ ب ﺷﺎرد اﻟﺬھﻦ ج ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎرﻋﺔ اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻖ ______ ﻟﻄﺎﻟﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن زﻣﯿﻠﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻻﺑﺘﺪاﺋﯿﺔ19 أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺪروس وﻟﻜﻨﮫ اﻵن أﺻﺒﺢ ﻣﺴﺆول وﺣﺪة .اﻟﻄﻮارئ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ أ ﺷﺎرد اﻟﺬھﻦ ب رث اﻟﮭﯿﺌﺔ ج ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻸ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أﻧﮫ ﯾﻤﺘﻠﻚ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻟﺒﯿﻊ اﻟﻤﻼﺑﺲ20 اﻟﺮﺟﺎﻟﯿﺔ اﻷﻧﯿﻘﺔ ّإﻻ أﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﺮاه _______ وھﻮ ﯾﻘﻒ أﻣﺎم .ﻣﺤﻠﮫ (5) Translate the following sentences into Arabic. Translate the words in bold into one of the idioms of this unit. 1 A shabby man was standing at the traffic light, begging for help. 2 He has admitted that he would not like to retrace his steps back to Tripoli. 3 The girl tries to study but is often overcome by sleep. 4 I will donate this money willingly and gladly. 5 You should not publicly criticise your colleagues. 6 My neighbour was a very old man when the war broke out. 7 The smell of the Durian fruit is revolting. 8 In her later years, my mother became more absent-minded. 9 She was standing in the road when the car hit her. 10 We will not stop short of helping those helpless people. 11 It is hard not to feel emotional for her pleas. 340 وھﻜﺬا دواﻟﯿﻚ 12 She’s been living a miserable life, and I guess she can’t stand it anymore. 13 We then move to another place, then another place, and so on. 14 I was wandering aimlessly around the streets, hoping that I would somehow find her. 15 We don’t have the basic survival needs. 16 The man looked askance at him, then he turned his head. 17 He lost everything he had and now has not a red cent to his name. 18 He craved the cigarette in the man’s hand and had to ask him for one. 19 The artist gazed at the moon and started playing the guitar. 20 What is important is to be able to make your way through life regardless of difficulties. (6) Use the idioms of this unit in sentences of your own. This practice exercise covers the following Arabic idioms: ِﺿﺎق ذرﻋًﺎ ﺑــ ﻋﻦ طﯿﺐ ﺧﺎطﺮ طﺎﻋﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻦ ﻣﺜﯿﺮ ﻟﻼﺷﻤﺌﺰاز ﻏﻠﺒﮫ اﻟﻨﻌﺎس ﻻ ﯾﺘﻮاﻧﻰ ﻋﻦ ھﻔﺖ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ إﻟﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻸ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺑﺒﺼﺮه ھﺎم ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﮭﮫ رث اﻟﮭﯿﺌﺔ ﺷﻖ طﺮﯾﻘﮫ رق ﻟﮫ ﻗﻠﺒﮫ ﺳ ّﺪ رﻣﻘﮫ ﻧﻈﺮ إﻟﯿﮫ ﺷﺰرًا ﻋﺎد أدراﺟﮫ ﻻ ﯾﻤﻠﻚ ﺷﺮوى ﻧﻘﯿﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎرﻋﺔ اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻖ وھﻜﺬا دواﻟﯿﻚ ﺷﺎرد اﻟﺬھﻦ 341 ﺗﺄﺑﯿﻦ زﻋﯿﻢ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ 22 ّ ُ ﻟﻮﻓﺎة ّ ﯾﻨﺎھﺰ ﻋﻤﺮ اﻷﺟﻞ ﻟﯿﻠﺔَ اﻟﺒﺎرﺣﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ أﺟﻤﻊ اھﺘﺰ ُ ِ اﻟﺴﯿﺪ اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺲ اﻟﺬي واﻓﺎهُ ُ ٍ أﺟﻞ ّ ﻋﺎش رﺣﻤﮫُ ﷲ ﺣﯿﺎﺗَﮫُ وﺣﺘﻰ ّ ﻌﺐ وﻗﻀﺎﯾﺎه ﻋﺎﻣﺎ .ﻟﻘﺪ اﻟﺜّ َ َ اﻟﺸ ِ ﻤﺎﻧﯿﻦ ً ﻣﻖ اﻷﺧﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ ِ اﻟﺮ ِ ٌ ّ وﻛﯿﻒ ﻻ وھﻮ ُ ﺿﺪ ﺻﻮﻻت وﺟﻮﻻت اﻟﻤﺼﯿﺮﯾّﺔ، ﻮرة واﻟﺘّﺤﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﺬي ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﮫُ َ ﻗﺎﺋﺪ اﻟﺜّ ِ ﻘﺪم اﻟﺒﻨﺎء وﺑﻄﻞ ﯾﻨﺎل وطﻨُﻨﺎ اﺳﺘﻘﻼﻟَﮫُ، ُ واﻹﻋﻤﺎر اﻟﺬي َ اﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎر ﻛﻲ َ ِ ﺳﺎر ﺑﻮطﻨِﻨﺎ ﻧﺤﻮ اﻟﺘّ ِ ِ ِ ّ ُ اﻟﺴ ُ ﯿﺪ ّ ﺗﺠﺸَﻢ ّ ﺗﺼﻮن ﺳﯿﺎدة دوﻟﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻠّ ٍﺔ وذات ﺑﻨﺎء ﺋﯿﺲ رﺣﻤﮫُ ﷲ واﻻزدھﺎر .ﻟﻘﺪ اﻟﺮ ُ ٍ ٍ ﻋﻨﺎء ِ َ ﯾﻜﺘﻒ ُ أﺑﻨﺎﺋﮫ اﻟﻤﻮاطﻨﯿﻦ وﺗﺤﻘّ ُ اﻟﻌﻈﯿﻢ رﺣﻤﮫُ ﷲ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻗﺎﺋﺪﻧﺎ ﻖ ﻟﮭﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﺎواةَ واﻟﻌﺪاﻟﺔ .وﻟﻢ ﺣﻘﻮق َ ِ ِ ُ أﻣﻮال ّ اﻟﻤﺪاﻓﻊ ّ ﻗﺎد ّ وﺛﺮواﺗﮫ. ﻌﺐ ﺮس ﻋﻦ اﻟﻮﺣﺪة واﻟﺤﺮﯾ ِّﺔ وﻛﺎن ﻧﺤﻮ ﻓﻘﺪ َ اﻟﺸ َ َ اﻟﺸ َ ِ اﻟﺸ ِ ِ ﻌﺐ َ ِ اﺟﺘﻤﻌﺖ ﻛﻠﻤﺔُ ّ ْ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻻﺳﺘﻘﻼل ﻟﺒﻠﺪﻧﺎ ﻓﻲ اﺧﺘﯿﺎره رﺣﻤﮫ ﷲ ﻌﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻓﺘﺮة ﻣﺎ َ ِ زﻋﯿﻤﺎ ِ ِ اﻟﺸ ِ ً اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ً ﺗﺮﺳﯿﺦ ﺑﻘﯿﺎدﺗﮫ اﻟﺤﻜﯿﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻧﺠﺢ دﯾﻤﻘﺮاطﯿﺔ ﻟﻢ ﯾﺸﮭﺪ ﻟﮭﺎ ﻟﻤﻤﺎرﺳﺎت وطﺒﻘًﺎ ٍ ٍ ﻣﺜﯿﻼ .وﻗﺪ َ ِ ُ ِ ّ ّ وﻗﻄﻊ أﯾﺪي ﻟﻠﻔﺴﺎد ﺗﺼﺪى ﻧﻈﯿﻒ اﻟﯿﺪ زﻋﯿﻤﺎ واﻟﺮﻓﺎھﯿﺔ ،وﻛﺎن واﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮار اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن دوﻟﺔ َ َ ِ ِ ً ِ ِ ﺳﯿﺎدﺗﮫ اﻷول واﻷﺧﯿﺮ ،وﻟﻢ ُ ُ ﻟﺪﯾﮫ ﺳﻮى ﻣﻨﺼﺐ ﯾﻜﻦ ھﻢ اﻟﻔﺎﺳﺪﯾﻦ .ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎن ُ اﻟﻮطﻦ ھﻮ ّ اﻟﺮﺋﺎﺳﺔ ِ ِ ِ ﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ ّ ﻋﺎﻣﺎ ﻗﻀﺎھﺎ ّ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ھﺬا ﻋﯿﻢ ﻓﻲ وﺑﻌﺪ وﺣﻤﺎﯾﺔ ھﺬا اﻟﻮطﻦ. ﻌﺐ وﺳﯿﻠﺔ َ َ ِ ِ اﻟﺸ ِ ِ اﻟﺰ ُ ﺧﻤﺴﯿﻦ ً أن ّ ّ ﺑﻌﺪ ْ ﺗﺄﻛﺪ ّ ﻌﺐ اﻟﻌﻈﯿﻢ ّ إرادﺗﮫ ﻋﻦ وﺑﻤﺤﺾ ﺗﻨﺤﻰ ﺑﺮ اﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﻗﺪ وﺻﻞ إﻟﻰ ﱢ ﻣﻨﺼﺒﮫ َ أن َ َ ِ ِ اﻟﺸ ِ ِ ﺟﯿﻞ ّ ﻣﺰﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘّ ّ اﻷﻣﺎن ّ ُ ﻘﺪم .ورﻏﻢ ﻧﺤﻮ ﯾﻤﺘﻠﻚ اﻟﻘﺪرةَ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺑﻨﺎﺋﮫ ﺒﺎب ﻣﻦ ٍ وأن َ ﻗﯿﺎدة ِ ِ ِ اﻟﺸ ِ اﻟﺒﻠﺪ َ ذﻟﻚ ّ ﺑﻐﯿﺮه ً اﺳﺘﺠﺎب رﺣﻤﮫ ﷲ ﻗﺎﺋﺪا وﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺟﻤﺎھﯿﺮﯾّﺔ ﻣﻠﯿﻮﻧﯿّﺔ ﯾﺮض اﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﻟﻢ ﻓﺈن َ َ َ ِ اﻟﺠﻤﯿﻊ ﻛﻠّﻤﺎ ھﺒ ْ ُ ً ﻋﻮاﺻﻒ ّﺖ إﻟﯿﮫ ﻟﺘﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﻄﺎﻟﺐ وﻗﺒِﻞ أن ﯾﻜﻮن ُ ﻣﺮﺷﺪا أﻣﯿﻨًﺎ وﻛﮭﻔًﺎ ﺣﺼﯿﻨًﺎ ﯾﻠﺠﺄ ِ زﻻزل ّ ْ اﻟﺸﺪاﺋﺪ. وﺿﺮﺑﺖ اﻷزﻣﺎت ُ ِ وھﺐ ّ ُ ّ ﱡ أﺑﯿﮫ ﻌﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻮاده ﺻﮭﻮة ﻗﺎﺋﺪه ﻋﻦ ﻟﺘﺮﺟِﻞ اﻟﻮطﻦ اﻟﺤﺰن ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﯿ َّﻢ اﻟﺸ ُ ﺑﻜﺮة ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ّ ّ إﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻘﺮ ﻋﻔﻮي وﺑﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﻤﻮاطﻨﻮن وﺗﻮﺟﮫ ﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻷﺳﻰ واﻷﻟﻢ، زراﻓﺎت ووﺣﺪاﻧًﺎ إﻟﻰ ﱢ َ ٍ ِ ٍ ﻟﻠﺘّ ِ ْ اﺣﻞ ّ أﻧﮭﺮ ّ اﻟﻔﻘﯿﺪ ّ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺪﯾﺚ ﺤﻒ ﻓﺎﺿﺖ اﻟﺠﻠﻞ .وﻗﺪ وﻣﻮاﺳﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ ھﺬا ﯾﻦ ُ َ ﻣﻌﺰ َ اﻟﺨﻄﺐ َ ِ اﻟﺼ ِ ِ ِ اﻟﺮ ِ ْ وﻏﻄﺖ ﻧﺒﺄ وﻓﺎﺗﮫ رﺣﻤﮫ ﺗﺒﻖ وﺳﯿﻠﺔٌ إﻋﻼﻣﯿّﺔٌ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ّإﻻ ﺳﯿﺮﺗﮫ ﻋﻦ وإﻧﺠﺎزاﺗﮫ اﻟﻌﻈﯿﻤﺔ ،وﻟﻢ َ ِ ِ ّ ﻟﺒﻠﺪﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ ﱡ وﺗﺴﺎﻣﺢ. ﺳﻼم وﻟﻠﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻘﺪٍم وازدھﺎر ﷲ وﺗﺤﺪﺛﺖ ﻋﻦ إﻧﺠﺎزاﺗﮫ وﻣﺎ ﺣﻘّﻘﮫ ِ ُ ٍ ِ DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-53 342 ﺗﺄﺑﯿﻦ زﻋﯿﻢ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ (1) Carefully read the text, then discuss how the idioms are used to convey the meaning. (2) Translate the text into English, making sure that your final translation reads like authentic English and reproduces the content and style of the text. (3) Express what you understand in Arabic by using the idioms appearing in the text. Ensure to use all the idioms from the text correctly. (4) Choose the correct idioms to fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences. 1 رﻏﻢ اﻟﺠﺮوح اﻟﺒﻠﯿﻐﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ أﺻﺎﺑﺘﮫ ،اﺳﺘﻤﺮ اﻟﺠﻨﺪي ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ _________. 2 أ ﺻﻮﻻت وﺟﻮﻻت ب ﯾﺘﺠﺸﻢ ﻋﻨﺎء ج اﻟﺮﻣﻖ اﻷﺧﯿﺮ أ ﺑﻤﺤﺾ إرادﺗﮫ ﻧﻌﺖ ﻧﻘﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻔﻨﺎﻧﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﺜﻞ اﻟﺬي __________ ﻋﺎﻣﺎ ﻗﻀﻲ ﻣﻌﻈﻤﮭﺎ ب ﺗﺠﺸﻢ ﻋﻨﺎء ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻧﺎھﺰ اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ واﻟﺴﺘﯿﻦ ً ج واﻓﺎه اﻷﺟﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﯾﻮﻧﻲ. وﺣﯿﻦ اﻧﺘﺸﺮ اﻟﺨﺒﺮ ﺑﯿﻦ أھﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﻘﺮﯾﺔ أﻗﺒﻠﻮا ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺎطﺊ اﻟﺒﺤﺮ __________ ﻟﻤﺸﺎھﺪة ﻣﻨﻈﺮ أ ﺻﻮﻻت وﺟﻮﻻت ً ووﺣﺪاﻧﺎ ب زراﻓﺎت ج اﺟﺘﻤﻌﺖ ﻛﻠﻤﺘﮭﻢ 4 ﻻ أﻋﺮف ﻛﯿﻒ أﺷﻜﺮه ﻓﻘﺪ _________ اﻟﺴﻔﺮ وﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﯿﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻄﺎر وﯾﻮﺻﻠﻨﺎ إﻟﻰ ُ اﻟﺒﯿﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻠﯿﻞ. أ ﺗﺮﺟﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺻﮭﻮة ﺟﻮاده ب ﺗﺠﺸﻢ ﻋﻨﺎء ج واﻓﺘﮫ اﻟﻤﻨﯿﺔ 5 وﻗﺪ ﻗﺎل ﻣﺪﯾﺮ ﺷﺆون اﻟﻤﻮظﻔﯿﻦ إﻧﮫ ﺗﺮك ﻋﻤﻠﮫ _______ وﻟﻢ ﯾﻜﻦ ھﻨﺎك أﯾﺔ ﺿﻐﻮط ﻣﻦ اﻹدارة ﻛﻲ ﯾﻘﺪم اﺳﺘﻘﺎﻟﺘﮫ. أ ﺑﻤﺤﺾ إرادﺗﮫ ب ﺗﺮﺟﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺻﮭﻮة ﺟﻮاده ج زراﻓﺎت ووﺣﺪاﻧًﺎ 6 إن ﻓﻘﺪاﻧﻜﻢ ﻟﻮﻟﺪﻛﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎدث اﻟﺴﯿﺮ ھﻮ ________ أ اﻟﺮﻣﻖ اﻷﺧﯿﺮ ب ﺧﯿﻢ اﻟﺤﺰن ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ ﻛﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﻤﻮاﺳﺎة اﻟﺘﺨﻔﯿﻒ ﻣﻨﮫ. ج ﺧﻄﺐ ﺟﻠﻞ 3 اﻟﺤﻮت اﻟﻐﺮﯾﺐ. 343 The practice exercises 7 ً وزاھﺪا ﻓﻲ أ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻜﺮة أﺑﯿﮫ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻋﺎش رﺣﻤﮫ ﷲ ﻧﺰﯾﮭًﺎ ________، ب ﻧﻈﯿﻒ اﻟﯿﺪ اﻟﺪﻧﯿﺎ. ج ﺗﺠﺸﻢ ﻋﻨﺎء 8 إن ﻣﺎ ﯾﮭﻤﻨﻲ ھﻮ ْ أن _________ وﺗﺘﻮﺣﺪ ﺻﻔﻮﻓﻜﻢ ﻟﻤﻮاﺟﮭﺔ اﻷزﻣﺔ اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺳﯿﺔ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﯿﺔ. أ ﺗﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻛﻠﻤﺘﻜﻢ ب ﯾﺨﯿﻢ ﻋﻠﯿﻜﻢ اﻟﺤﺰن ج ﻋﻦ ﺑﻜﺮة أﺑﯿﻜﻢ 9 وﯾﻮﻣﮭﺎ ﺧﺮﺟﺖ اﻟﺠﻤﺎھﯿﺮ ___________ ﻟﺘﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻓﺮﺣﺘﮭﺎ ﺑﺴﻘﻮط اﻟﺪﯾﻜﺘﺎﺗﻮر. أ ﺻﻮﻻت وﺟﻮﻻت ب ﻋﻦ ﺑﻜﺮة أﺑﯿﮭﺎ ج اﻟﺘﻲ واﻓﺎھﺎ اﻷﺟﻞ 10ﻟﻘﺪ _____ اﻟﺴﯿﺪ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺎم ________ ﻓﻲ إدارة اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﺬي ﺗﺴﺘﻌﺪ ﻟﻄﺮح ﻣﻨﺘﺠﮭﺎ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪ. أ ﻧﻈﯿﻒ اﻟﯿﺪ ب ﻋﻦ ﺑﻜﺮة أﺑﯿﮫ ج ﺗﺮﺟﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺻﮭﻮة ﺟﻮاده ________ 11ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮﺳﻂ اﻹﻋﻼﻣﻲ ﻟﺮﺣﯿﻞ اﻟﺼﺤﻔﻲ اﻟﻜﺒﯿﺮ اﻟﺬي ﺗﻮﻓﻲ اﻷﺣﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻧﺎھﺰ ﻋﺎﻣﺎ. اﻷرﺑﻌﯿﻦ ً أ اﻟﺮﻣﻖ اﻷﺧﯿﺮ ب ﺧﯿﻢ اﻟﺤﺰن ج اﻟﺼﻮﻻت واﻟﺠﻮﻻت 12ﻻ ﯾﺰال ﻻﻋﺐ اﻟﺴﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﻀﺮم ﯾﻠﻌﺐ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﺎ وﻣﺎ زاﻟﺖ ﻣﺒﮭﺮ رﻏﻢ ﺗﺠﺎوزه اﻟﺜﻼﺛﯿﻦ ً _____________ ﺣﺎﺿﺮة ﻓﻲ ﻣﯿﺎدﯾﻦ اﻟﻜﺮة. أ ﺧﻄﺐ ﺟﻠﻞ ب زراﻓﺎت ووﺣﺪاﻧًﺎ ج ﺻﻮﻻﺗﮫ وﺟﻮﻻﺗﮫ (5) Translate the following sentences into Arabic. Translate the words in bold into one of the idioms of this unit. 1 The family willingly converted to Catholicism and began a new life. 2 The old couple took the trouble to travel to Sri Lanka for Janaka’s funeral. 3 Our brave men fought up to their last breath, protecting the land they dearly loved. 4 Tragically, she passed away on 6 July after spending a week in ICU. 344 ﺗﺄﺑﯿﻦ زﻋﯿﻢ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ 5 Grief and sadness pervade every household in our village. 6 The president’s statement hints towards a serious misfortune the country will face. 7 The place became well known, and people began arriving in droves. 8 We must join forces in order to become stronger and more effective. 9 Had the army not stopped the protesters, they would have burnt the city to the ground. 10 He was a seasoned leader with signifcant experience in political matters. 11 I can attest that this gentleman is a man of integrity, and I appreciate and respect him. 12 The chief executive officer departed from the company he founded. (6) Use the idioms of this unit in sentences of your own. This practice exercise covers the following Arabic idioms: ﺗﺠﺸﻢ ﻋﻨﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ )ﻋﻦ( ﺑﻜﺮة أﺑﯿﮫ ﺗﺮﺟﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺻﮭﻮة ﺟﻮاده ﺧﯿﻢ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ اﻟﺤﺰن ت ووﺣﺪاﻧًﺎ ٍ زراﻓﺎ ﺧﻄﺐ ﺟﻠﻞ واﻓﺎه اﻷﺟﻞ ﺻﻮﻻت وﺟﻮﻻت ﺑﻤﺤﺾ إرادﺗﮫ ﻧﻈﯿﻒ اﻟﯿﺪ اﻟﺮﻣﻖ اﻷﺧﯿﺮ اﺟﺘﻤﻌﺖ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ 345 اﻷﻣﻮر ﺑﺨﻮاﺗﯿﻤﮭﺎ 23 ﺗﺘﺒﻊ ﻷھﻢ ﻣﺪﯾﺮا اﻟﻤﻨﺼﺐ اﻟﺬي ﻛﺎن ﯾﻄﻤﺢ إﻟﯿﮫ ،ﻓﻘﺪ أﺻﺒﺢ ﺣﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ وأﺧﯿﺮا ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ُ ً ً ٍ َ ِ ﱢ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ّ ھﺐ ودب ﻛﻲ ﯾﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﺎء اﻟﻮزارة .ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﻠّﻔﮫُ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ،إﻟﻰ درﺟﺔ أﻧّﮫُ وﺟﮭﮫ ﱢ َ ِ أراق َ ﺧﺎدﻣﺎ ﺷﺨﺼﯿًﺎ ﯾﻌﻤﻞ ﯾﻘﺒﻞ وھﻮ اﻟﺬي ﯾﺤﻤﻞ ﺷﮭﺎدة اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮراه ﺑﺄن ﺑﮫ ﺣﻠﻤﮫ. ُ َ اﻟﺤﺎل أن َ َ ووﺻﻞ ِ ً ﻣﺘﺤﻤﻼً ٌ ٌ ﻛﺒﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ وﻛﺮﺳﻲ ﻣﻜﺘﺐ وﺛﯿﺮ، ﻏﻀﺒﮫ. وﻧﻮﺑﺎت وإھﺎﻧﺎﺗﮫ طﻠﺒﺎﺗﮫ ﻟﻠﻮزﯾﺮ اﻟﺠﺎھﻞ ﱡ ِ ِ ِ ِ ﱢ ﺑﺘﺤﻮﯾﻞ إﻣﺮﺗﮫ .ﺳﯿﺒﺪأ اﻵن اﻟﺠﻠﺪ ،وﺳﯿﺎرةٌ ﻓﺎرھﺔٌ ﻣﻊ ﺳﺎﺋﻘِﮭﺎ ،واﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔُ ﻛﻠّﮭﺎ أﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺗﺤﺖ ِ ِ ﻗﻠﻌﺘﮫ اﻟﺤﺼﯿﻨﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﯾﻨﺎﻓﺴﮫُ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ أﺣﺪ .اﺳﺘﺪﻋﻰ اﻟﻤﻜﺎن إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻮظﻔﯿﻦ اﻟﺬﯾﻦ أوﻗﻔَﮭﻢ أﻣﺎﻣﮫُ َ ِ ِ َ ﱠ اﺳﺘﮭﻞ ﺣﺪﯾﺜَﮫُ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ أﺛﺒﺖ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ ﻗﻮﺗﮫُ ورﺟﻮﻟﺘَﮫ، ﻛﺘﻼﻣﯿﺬ ﺻﻐﺎر ،وأﻟﻘﻰ ﻓﯿﮭﻢ ﺧﻄﺒﺔً ﻋﺼﻤﺎء وﻋﺪھﻢ ﺑﺄﻧّﮫُ ﺳﯿﺤﻘّ ُ ﻣﻨﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﻨّﻈﯿﺮ ﻧﺠﺎﺣﺎ ﻖ طﺎﻋﺘﮫ ،ﺛﻢ ﯾﺨﺮج ﻋﻦ ﻟﻜﻞ َﻣﻦ ﮭﺪﯾﺪ ُ ً واﻟﻮﻋﯿﺪ ﱢ َ َ ِ ِ ﺑﺎﻟﺘّ ِ ّ ﺑﻨﺎت أﻓﻜﺎره. ﺧﻄﻂ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻨﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ أھﺪاف وﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ إدارة اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ ّ ٍ ﺳﺘﺘﻄﻮُر ً ِ اﻟﻤﺆﺳ ِ ِ ِ ِ اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ ،وأن ﯾﻤﻸ اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔَ ّ ّ ّ ٌ ﺑﺄﻗﺎرﺑﮫ ﻗﻮي ﻓﻲ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﯾﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﻟﮭﻢ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ أن ﻗﺮر ٍ َ ِ ُ اﻟﻤﻜﺎن ﱡ ﻣﻼﻣﺢ ﻛﺜﯿﺮا ﻣﻼﻣﺤﮭﻢ ﯾﻌﺞ واﻟﻤﻮاﻟﯿﻦ ﻟﮫُ .وﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺘﺮة ﻗﺼﯿﺮة أﺻﺒﺢ ُ ﺑﻤﻮظﻔﯿﻦ ﺗﺸﺒﮫُ ً َ َ َ ّ ّ ّ اﻹداري اﻟﻔﺴﺎد ﺗﺮزح ﺗﺤﺖ ﺴﺔ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﯿٍّﺔ اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔُ إﻟﻰ ﻟﺖ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﺮ .وﻣﻊ ُ ﻣﺮور اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ّ ﻣﺆﺳ ٍ ِ ﺗﺤﻮ ِ ِ ّ ﺣﺴﯿﺐ أو رﻗﯿﺐ .وﻟﻢ ﯾﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﺪار ﺑﻼ اﻋﺘﺮض ﻧﺴﯿﻢ وھﻮ ﻓﺒﻌﺪ أن اﻟﺤﺪ، اﻷﻣﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ ھﺬا ُ وﺗُ ُ َ ٍ َ اﻟﻤﻮظّ ُ ّ ﻋﺎﺟﻞ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ أﺳﻠﻮب اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻒ اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺧﺒﺮةً ﻓﻲ إدارﺗﮫ ،ﻧﺎﺻﺒَﮫُ اﻟﻌﺪاء وﻧﻘﻠﮫُ ِ ِ ٍ ٍ ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ اﻟﺒﺮﯾﺪ. ﻗﺴﻢ إﻟﻰ ِ ِ إﻧﺠﺎزات ﻛﺒﺮى ﻟﻠﻮزﯾﺮ ﻣﺸﻔﻮﻋﺔً ﺑﮭﺪاﯾﺎ وﻛﺎن اﻟﻤﺪﯾﺮ ﯾﺮﺳﻞ ﺗﻘﺎرﯾﺮ ﻛﺎذﺑﺔ ﯾﺘﺤﺪث ﻓﯿﮭﺎ ﻋﻦ ٍ ﻣﺪﯾﺮا ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ دون ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ .وﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻢ ﯾﻌﺮﻓﮫ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﺮ ّ ﻣﺴﺎع أن ﺛﻤﯿﻨﺔ ،ظﺎﻧًّﺎ أﻧّﮫ ﺳﯿﺒﻘﻰ ً ٍ ْ اﻟﺴﯿﻞ ّ ﺑﻌﺪ أن ﺑﻠﻎ ّ وﺑﺪأت اﻟﺰﺑﻰ، ﺣﺜﯿﺜﺔً ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺠﺮي ﻣﻦ وراء اﻟﻜﻮاﻟﯿﺲ ﻟﻺطﺎﺣﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻮزﯾﺮ َ ﻣﻠﻔّ ُ ﺗﺘﺮاﻛﻢ ّ ﺣﺪب وﺻﻮب ،وﻟﻢ ّ ﺿﺪهُ ﻣﻦ ّ ﺗﻘﺪﯾﻢ اﻟﻮزﯾﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻤﺮ أﯾﺎم ﺣﺘﻰ أُﺟﺒَِﺮ ﻛﻞ اﻟﻔﺴﺎد ﺎت ُ ٍ ِ ُ ِ اﺳﺘﻘﺎﻟﺘﮫ. ِ ﺑﻌﺪ اﺳﺘﻘﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻮزﯾﺮ ﺗﺸﻜﻠّ ْ ھﯿﻜﻠﺔ ﺑﺈﻋﺎدة ﺖ ﻟﺠﻨﺔٌ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﯿّﺔٌ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﯿّﺔٌ أﺻﺪرت ﻗﺮاراﺗﮭﺎ ِ ِ ﻣﺪﯾﺮا ً ّ ﻗﺮار أول ﻣﻨﺼﺒﮫ وﺟﻌﻞ ﻧﺴﯿﻢ اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ ،وﻣﻦ ﺑﯿﻨﮭﺎ ﺗﻨﺤﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻋﻨﮫ .وﻛﺎن ُ ً ِ ٍ DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-54 346 اﻷﻣﻮر ﺑﺨﻮاﺗﯿﻤﮭﺎ اﺳﺘﻜﻤﺎل اﻟﺘّﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ،وھﻜﺬا ﺑﺎﻧﺘﻈﺎر ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﺒﺮﯾﺪ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﺮ ﻟﻠﺘّﺤﻘﯿﻖ وﻗّﻌﮫ ﻧﺴﯿﻢ إﺣﺎﻟﺔ ِ ِ وﻧﻘﻠﮫ إﻟﻰ ِ ِ ِ ّ دوﻣﺎ ﺑﺨﻮاﺗﯿﻤﮭﺎ. ﻓﺈن َ اﻷﻣﻮر ً (1) Carefully read the text, then discuss how the idioms are used to convey the meaning. (2) Translate the text into English, making sure that your final translation reads like authentic English and reproduces the content and style of the text. (3) Express what you understand in Arabic by using the idioms appearing in the text. Ensure to use all the idioms from the text correctly. (4) Choose the correct idioms to fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences. 1 إن ﻓﻜﺮة إﻧﺸﺎء ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ________ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻆ وإﻧﻤﺎ أرﺳﻠﮭﺎ ﻟﮫ أﺣﺪ طﻼب اﻟﻤﺪارس. أ ﺑﻨﺎت أﻓﻜﺎر ب ﻛﻞ ﺣﺪب وﺻﻮب ج ﺑﻠﻎ اﻟﺴﯿﻞ اﻟﺰﺑﻰ 2 دﻋﺎ ﻣﺒﻌﻮث اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺲ اﻟﺪول اﻹﻗﻠﯿﻤﯿﺔ ﻟﻼﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﺎ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻣﻦ _______ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻼﻧﯿﺔً. أ اﺳﺘﮭﻞ ﺣﺪﯾﺜﮫ ب ﻧﺎﺻﺒﮫ اﻟﻌﺪاء ج وراء اﻟﻜﻮاﻟﯿﺲ 3 ﻟﻘﺪ اﻋﺘﺎد أن _________ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ أﺗﻔﮫ اﻷﺷﯿﺎء. أ ﯾﺮزح ﺗﺤﺖ ﻧﯿﺮ ب ﯾﺮﯾﻖ ﻣﺎء وﺟﮭﮫ ج ﯾﻨﺎﺻﺐ اﻟﻌﺪاء 4 وﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻨﻮات اﻷﺧﯿﺮة ﺗﻢ ﻓﺘﺢ ﻣﻨﺼﺎت اﻹﻋﻼم ________ دون ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة ﻟﻠﻘﻮاﻧﯿﻦ اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﻨﺒﻐﻲ أن ﺗﻨﻈﻢ اﻹﻋﻼم ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻼد. أ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻨﺎت أﻓﻜﺎره ب ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ھﺐ ودب ج ﻣﻨﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﻨﻈﯿﺮ 5 اﻧﮭﺎل اﻹﻋﺠﺎب ______ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺬي اﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﯾﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻒ اﻟﺸﺎرع رﻏﻢ ھﻄﻮل اﻷﻣﻄﺎر. أ ﺑﻠﻎ اﻟﺴﯿﻞ اﻟﺰﺑﻰ ب ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ھﺐ ودب ج ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺣﺪب وﺻﻮب 347 The practice exercises 6 و________ أﻣﺎم اﻟﻜﺎﻣﯿﺮا ﺑﺘﻮﺟﯿﮫ ﺗﺤﯿﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻛﻞ اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﺳﺎﻧﺪوه وﻣﺪوا ﻟﮫ ﯾﺪ اﻟﻌﻮن. أ أراق ﻣﺎء وﺟﮭﮫ ب اﺳﺘﮭﻞ ﺣﺪﯾﺜﮫ ج ﻧﺎﺻﺐ اﻟﻌﺪاء 7 وظﻠﺖ ﻛﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ ھﺬه اﻟﺒﻠﺪان ________ اﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎر ﻟﻌﺸﺮات اﻟﺴﻨﻮات ﺣﺘﻰ ﻧﺎﻟﺖ ﺣﺮﯾﺘﮭﺎ واﺳﺘﻘﻼﻟﮭﺎ. أ ﺗﺮﯾﻖ ﻣﺎء وﺟﮭﮭﺎ ب ﺗﺮزح ﺗﺤﺖ ﻧﯿﺮ ج ﺗﺴﺘﮭﻞ ﺣﺪﯾﺜﮭﺎ 8 ً ﻧﺒﻮﻏﺎ _______ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﺄﻗﺮاﻧﮭﺎ. ﺗُﻈﮭﺮ ھﺬه اﻟﻄﻔﻠﺔ أ ﻣﻨﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﻨﻈﯿﺮ ب وراء اﻟﻜﻮاﻟﯿﺲ ج ﻣﻦ ﺑﻨﺎت أﻓﻜﺎرﻧﺎ 9 ﻟﻘﺪ أﺻﺒﺤﻨﺎ ﻣﻀﻄﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ أن _______ أن ﻧﻄﺎﻟﺐ رﺋﯿﺲ اﻟﻮزراء ﺑﺄن ﯾﻮﻗﻒ اﻟﻔﺴﺎد ﻋﻨﺪ ﺣﺪه. أ ﻧﺎﺻﺒﻨﺎ اﻟﻌﺪاء ب أرﻗﻨﺎ ﻣﺎء وﺟﮭﻨﺎ ج ﺑﻠﻎ اﻟﺴﯿﻞ اﻟﺰﺑﻰ 10ﺳﯿﻌﻤﻞ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﻤﻮظﻔﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ ھﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ _________ ﻣﺪﯾﺮ اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪ. أ وراء ﻛﻮاﻟﯿﺲ ب وﯾﻨﺎﺻﺒﻮن ﻋﺪاء ج ﺗﺤﺖ إﻣﺮة 11ھﻨﺎك ﺗﻄﻮرات إﯾﺠﺎﺑﯿﺔ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻷﯾﺎم اﻷﺧﯿﺮة وﻟﻜﻦ ﻛﻤﺎ ﯾﻘﺎل ّ إن _________ ﻻ ﺑﺒﺪاﯾﺎﺗﮭﺎ. أ اﺑﺘﺴﻢ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺤﻆ ب اﻷﻣﻮر ﺑﺨﻮاﺗﯿﻤﮭﺎ ج ﺑﻠﻎ اﻟﺴﯿﻞ اﻟﺰﺑﻰ 12ﻣﺎ ﯾﻌﺠﺒﻨﻲ ﻓﯿﻚ ھﻮ أﻧﻚ ﺗﺤﺘﺮم اﻟﺠﻤﯿﻊ ﺣﺘﻰ َﻣﻦ ________. أ ﯾﻨﺎﺻﺒﻚ اﻟﻌﺪاء ب ﯾﺮﯾﻖ ﻣﺎء وﺟﮭﮫ ﻟﻚ ج ﺗﺤﺖ إﻣﺮﺗﻚ (5) Translate the following sentences into Arabic. Translate the words in bold into one of the idioms of this unit. 1 What is to stop every other Tom, Dick, and Harry in the industry try?ing the same 348 اﻷﻣﻮر ﺑﺨﻮاﺗﯿﻤﮭﺎ 2 It seems that everybody in the party can degrade himself for political gains. 3 He started his talk by describing his role in keeping and interpreting financial records. 4 I started my military career under the command and control of this commander. 5 The festival is the brainchild of the writer who has been visiting the area since 2012. 6 These towns are run by corrupt officials, and things are becoming unbearable. 7 People from all corners of the world descended on the village for the race. 8 For 50 years we lived under the yoke of the occupation. 9 Officials from both parties have stepped up behind-the-scenes talks. 10 We’ve had unparalleled interest in the new product. 11 The court heard that the offender showed strong hostility towards his neighbour. 12 Let’s not judge too soon; the proof is in the end result. (6) Use the idioms of this unit in sentences of your own. This practice exercise covers the following Arabic idioms: ﺗﺤﺖ إﻣﺮة ﺑﻨﺎت أﻓﻜﺎره وراء اﻟﻜﻮاﻟﯿﺲ اﻷﻣﻮر ﺑﺨﻮاﺗﯿﻤﮭﺎ أراق ﻣﺎء وﺟﮭﮫ ﻣﻨﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﻨﻈﯿﺮ رزح ﺗﺤﺖ ﻧﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺣﺪب وﺻﻮب ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ھﺐ ودب اﺳﺘﮭﻞ ﺣﺪﯾﺜﮫ ﻧﺎﺻﺒﮫ اﻟﻌﺪاء ﺑﻠﻎ اﻟﺴﯿﻞ اﻟﺰﺑﻰ 349 اﻟﺼﺤﺮاء 24 ﺎب ﺑﺎﻟﺤﯿﺮِة ﻟﻤﮭﯿﺐ ﻟﮭﺎ ﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ ا ا ﺎم ﻗﺴﻮﺗِﮭﺎ وﺟﻤﺎﻟِﮭﺎ ،وﯾُﺼ ُ ﺎن ﯾﺘﺼﺎ ُ ُ ُ ُ ﯾﺠﻌﻞ اﻹﻧﺴ َ ﻏﺮ أﻣ َ ﻮف ﻣﻨﮭﺎ .إﻧّﮭﺎ ا ّ ﺟﻤﻞ ﻋﺮ ا ﺳﻢ ﺗﻀﺎر ُ ﻟﺼﺤ ُ ﯾﺴﮭﺎ أ َ ﻟﻌﺸﻖ ﻟﮭﺎ واﻟﺨ ِ ﺮاء اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗَﺮ ُ ِ ﻣﺘﺮّدًدا ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺸﺎ ِ ﺎت ﻋﺮﻓﺘﮭﺎ اﻟﻄّﺒﯿﻌﺔ ،ﻓﺎ ُ ﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ﱢ ﻣﺲ ا ّ ﻣﺪ ﺎح ﺗُﻼ ُ ﺗﻤﻮﺟﮭﺎ اﻟﺮﯾ ُ ﻟﻮﺣ ٍ ﻟﻜﺜﺒﺎ ُن اﻟﺮﻣﻠﯿّﺔُ اﻟﺘﻲ ﱢ ﻟﺴﻤ َ ﺷﻌﺘِﮭﺎ ا ّ ﻗﯿﻊ ا ّ ﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﺑﺄ ّ أﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺿﺎ ﻏﺮﯾﺒًﺎ ُ اﻟﺒﺼﺮ ،وﯾَ ُ ﻨﺸﺮ اﻣﺘﺪاُدھﺎ ﻏﻤﻮ ً ﯾﺤﻤﻞ ﺗﻮ َ ﻟﻼھﺒﺔّ ، ﻣﺸﮭﺪ ﻻ ﻣﺘﻨﺎٍه ﻣﻦ ا ّ ﯿﻞ ﻓﺘﺘﺤﻮُل ﻓﯿﮭﺎ ا ّ ﺐ واﻟﻨﺠﻮم .وﻣﻊ ﺟﻤﺎﻟِﮭﺎ ﺎء إﻟﻰ ﻟﺴﻤ ُ ٍ ﮭﺐ واﻟﻜﻮاﻛ ِ ﻟﺸ ِ اﻟﻠّ ِ ا ّ ﺟﻤﻞ ا ّ ﯾﺨﺘﺒﺊ اﻟﻤﻮ ُ ﻏﻠﺐ زواﯾﺎھﺎ وھﻮ ﯾَﺴ ُ ﺮد ﻌﺮ وأﻋﺬﺑَﮫ، ُ ﻟﮭﻢ أ َ ت ﻓﻲ أ ِ ﻟﺨﻼب اﻟﺬي أ َ ﻟﺸ ِ ﺗﻘﺸﻌﺮ ﻟﮭﺎ اﻷﺑﺪانّ . إن ا ّ ت ﻓﯿﮫ ُ ً ﻗﺼﺼﺎ وﺣﻜﺎﯾﺎ ٍ ﺻﺮ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻂُ ِ ﺮاء ﻋﺎٌﻟﻢ رﺑﺎ ﱡ ﻟﺼﺤ َ ﻋﻲ اﻟﻌﻨﺎ ِ ﺼ ُ اﻟﺤﺮﯾّﺔُ ،واﻟﺒﺴﺎطﺔُ ،واﻟﻤﺸﺎرﻛﺔُ ،واﻟ ّ وﻣﻦ ﻟﻢ ﯾُﺤﺴﻦ اﻟﻤﻮازﻧﺔَ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺮاعَ ، ّ ْ ﯾﺘﻤﻜَﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻘﺎِء ﺣﯿًّﺎ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ. ﻓﻠﻦ ُ ﻣﺮﺗﺎد ّ ﻛﻮﻛﺐ آﺧﺮ .ﺣﯿﺚ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺤﺮاء ﺑﺄﻧّﮫُ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺼ ﯾﺸﻌﺮ ﻣﺎ إن ﺗﻄﺄْ ﻗﺪﻣﺎهُ رﻣﺎﻟَﮭﺎ ﺣﺘّﻰ ٍ َ ِ ِ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ اﻟﺤﺮﯾ ِّﺔ ﻓﻲ ْ ﺷﻌﻮرا ّ ﺗﻜﻮن ﯾﺸﺎء دون أن ﯾﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﺎ أن اﻟﺠﺮداء اﻷرض ﺗﻤﻨﺤﮫُ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺑﺄن ﻟﮫُ ُ ُ ً َ َ ُ ُ َ ﻷﺣﺪ ﺳﻠﻄﺔٌ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ّ ﻓﺈن اﻟﺼﺤﺮاء ﻻ ُ ﺗﺪع ﺒﯿﻌﺔ وﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻨﮭﺎ .وﻓﻲ ٍ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﺳﻮى ﺳﻠﻄﺔ اﻟﻄّ ِ ِ ِ ﺳﻤﺎءھﺎ وھﻲ ﺗﺘﻸﻷُ ٌ ﻣﺒﮭﻮرا ﯾﺘﺄﻣُﻞ زاﺋﺮھﺎ ﯾﻐﻤﺾ ﻟﮫُ ُ ً َ ﺟﻔﻦ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﯾﻘﻀﻲ ﻟﯿﺎﻟﯿﮫ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ وھﻮ ّ َ ﺠﻮم ً ﺗﺤﺘﻔﻞ ﺑﺤﺮﯾّﺘِﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ ّ أﺿﻮاء اﻟﻤﺪن ،ﻓﺤﺘﻰ ّ ﺤﺮاء ﻋﻠﻰ طﺮﯾﻘﺘِﮭﺎ اﻟﺼ اﻟﺴﻤﺎء ﺑﻌﯿﺪا ﻋﻦ ُ ِ ِ ﺑﺎﻟﻨّ ِ طﺒﻊ ّ ُ ّ ّ ﺣﺎل ُﺳﻜﻮﻧِﮭﺎ ٌ ﻓﯿﻠﺴﻮف ﺤﻮﻟﮫُ إﻟﻰ روع َﻣﻦ ئ ﻣﻦ وﻟﻠﺼ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ. ﯾﮭﺪ ُ ﯾﺮﺗﺎدھﺎ وﺗُ ّ ٍ ِ ﺤﺮاء ﻓﻲ ِ ِ ﺣﺎل ﻗﺴﻮﺗﮭﺎ ﻓﮭﻲ ﺗُﻠﻘّﻨﮫُ ّ أﻣﺮا ﻻ ﺒﺮ اﻟﺬي ﺷﺎﻋﺮ ﻣﻊ ذاﺗﮫ ،وإﻟﻰ ُ ﯾﺼﺒﺢ ً اﻟﺼ َ ﻏﯿﺮهّ . ِ ﻣﻊ ِ أﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ِ ٍ ﺗﻨﺰ ُ ﺒﺮ َ ع ّ ّ ﱠ واﻟﻜﺒﺮﯾﺎء اﻟﻌﻈﻤﺔ ﻣﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﺤﺮاء اﻟﺼ اﻟﮭﺪوء ﯾﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻌﮭﺎ .وﻣﻊ ﻣﻔﺮ ﻣﻨﮫ ﻛﻲ ُ َ َ ِ ِ ِ واﻟﺼ ِ ﺻﻐﯿﺮا وﺿﻌﯿﻔًﺎ ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺘﮫ ﻛﺎﺋﻨًﺎ ذرة ﻣﻨﮭﺎ ،وﺗُﻌﯿﺪهُ إﻟﻰ ﻋﻦ ُ ً ﻣﺜﻘﺎل ٍ ِ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن ﺣﺘﻰ ﻻ ﯾﺒﻘﻰ ﻋﻨﺪهُ ِ أﻣﺎم ﺟﺒﺮوﺗِﮭﺎ. ّ إن ّ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﱠ آن واﺣﺪ، ﻛﻞ وﻗﻔﺮھﺎ ،وﻗﺴﻮﺗِﮭﺎ ﺤﺮاء ﺑﺠﻤﺎﻟِﮭﺎ ،وﻋﻈﻤﺘِﮭﺎ، اﻟﺼ ُ ِ َ اﻟﻤﺘﻨﺎﻗﻀﺎت ﻓﻲ ٍ ِ ﻟﻮﺟﻮده .ﻻ ﻏﺮو إذن ْ اﻷﺧﯿﺮة واﻟﺤﺪود ذاﺗﮫ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن ﻓﯿﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ وﺗﻀﻊ أﺻﺒﺤﺖ أن ُ َ ِ ِ ﻣﻮاﺟﮭﺔ ِ ِ ِ ِ ﺤﺮاء ﻣﺤﻂّ ﺎس وھﻢ ّ ون إﻟﯿﮭﺎ ّ ّ أﻧﻔﺴﮭﻢ أو ھﺮﺑًﺎ ﻣﻨﮭﺎ. ﺣﺎل ﺑﺤﺜًﺎ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺼ ﯾﺸﺪ َ ُ اﻟﺮ َ ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺔ ِ ِ أﻧﻈﺎر اﻟﻨّ ِ ِ DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-55 350 اﻟﺼﺤﺮاء (1) Carefully read the text, then discuss how the idioms are used to convey the meaning. (2) Translate the text into English, making sure that your final translation reads like authentic English and reproduces the content and style of the text. (3) Express what you understand in Arabic by using the idioms appearing in the text. Ensure to use all the idioms from the text correctly. (4) Choose the correct idioms to fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences. 1 اﺷﺘﮭﺮت اﻟﺒﺼﺮة ﺑﺈﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﺘﻤﻮر وﺑﺄﺷﺠﺎر اﻟﻨﺨﯿﻞ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻤﺘﺪ ___________. أ ﻣﺜﻘﺎل ذرة ب ﻣﺤﻂ أﻧﻈﺎر ج ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪ اﻟﺒﺼﺮ 2 وﺣﯿﻦ وﺻﻠﻮا إﻟﻰ ھﻨﺎك وﺟﺪوا ﺟﺜﺔ رﺟﻞ ﺑﻼ ً ﻣﺸﮭﺪا رھﯿﺒًﺎ ﺳﺎﻗﯿﻦ ﻣﻠﻘﺎة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎرﻋﺔ اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻖ .ﻛﺎن أ ﻟﻢ ﯾﻐﻤﺾ ﻟﮫ ﺟﻔﻦ ب ﻣﺤﻂ أﻧﻈﺎر ج ﺗﻘﺸﻌﺮ ﻟﮫ اﻷﺑﺪان 3 وﯾﻘﻮل اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ إﻧﮫ ____________ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﯿﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ أول زﯾﺎرة ﻓﻘﺮر أن ﯾﺠﻌﻠﮭﺎ ﻣﻘﺮ إﻗﺎﻣﺘﮫ. أ ھﺪأ ﻣﻦ روع ب وﻗﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺸﻖ ج ﺷﺪ رﺣﺎﻟﮫ إﻟﻰ 4 إن اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﻲ ﻣﻊ أزﻣﺔ اﻟﺨﺒﺰ ﻧﺠﺢ ﻓﻲ أن ________ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻓﻲ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺼﻌﺒﺔ. أ ﯾﮭﺪأ ﻣﻦ روع ب ﺗﻘﺸﻌﺮ ﻟﮫ اﻷﺑﺪان ج ﯾﺸﺪ رﺣﺎل 5 ھﻞ أن إﺻﺎﺑﺘﻲ ﺑﻤﺮض اﻟﺴﻜﺮي ھﻮ أﻣﺮ ______ ﻣﻨﮫ ﻷن واﻟﺪﺗﻲ أﺻﯿﺒﺖ ﺑﮫ؟ أ ﺗﻘﺸﻌﺮ ﻟﮫ اﻷﺑﺪان ب ﻻ ﻏﺮو ج ﻻ ﻣﻔﺮ 6 ﺗﻌﺪ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ ________ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻗﻄﺎرھﺎ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻖ أ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪ ﺑﺼﺮ ب ﻣﺤﻂ أﻧﻈﺎر اﻟﺬي ﯾﺴﯿﺮ ﻓﻮق اﻟﻨﮭﺮ. ج ﻣﺜﻘﺎل ذرة ___________. 351 The practice exercises 7 وﻟﻢ ﯾﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﺸﺄن ﺻﺪور ﻣﺬﻛﺮة اﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎل ﺑﺤﻘﮫ إﻟﻰ أن _____________ اﻷراﺿﻲ اﻟﺮوﺳﯿﺔ. أ وطﺄت ﻗﺪﻣﺎه ب وﻗﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺸﻖ ج ھﺪأ ﻣﻦ روﻋﮫ 8 ____ اﻟﻘﻮم ______ إﻟﻰ ﻣﻜﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺮﻣﺔ رﻏﻢ ﺧﻄﻮرة اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻖ. أ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪ اﻟﺒﺼﺮ ب ﺗﻄﺄ أﻗﺪاﻣﮭﻢ ج ﺷﺪ رﺣﺎﻟﮭﻢ 9 وﺣﺴﺐ اﻻﺗﻔﺎق ﻓﺈن ﻟﻠﺪوﻟﺔ ______ ﻓﻲ اﻷﺧﺬ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮﺣﺎت أو رﻓﻀﮭﺎ. أ ﻣﺜﻘﺎل ذرة ب ﻣﻄﻠﻖ اﻟﺤﺮﯾﺔ ج ﻻ ﻣﻔﺮ ____________ 10أن ھﺬه اﻟﻀﻮاﺑﻂ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪة ﺗﺜﯿﺮ اﻟﻌﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺴﺎؤﻻت ﻟﺪى اﻟﻤﻮظﻔﯿﻦ. أ ﻻ ﻣﻔﺮ ﻣﻦ ب ﻻ ﻏﺮو ج ﻻ ﯾﻐﻤﺾ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺟﻔﻦ 11ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎن ﻓﻲ ﻗﻠﺒﻚ ____________ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﺣﻤﺔ واﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﻟﻤﺎ ﺣﺒﺴﺖ اﻟﻄﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻔﺺ. أ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ اﻟﺤﺮﯾﺔ ب ﻣﺤﻂ أﻧﻈﺎر ج ﻣﺜﻘﺎل ذرة دوﻣﺎ و _____________ ﺣﺘﻰ 12ﺗﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﺟﺪﺗﻲ آﻻﻣﻨﺎ ً ﺗﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﺣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﻮھﻨﺎ. أ ﻻ ﯾﻐﻤﺾ ﻟﮭﺎ ﺟﻔﻦ ب ﻻ ﺗﮭﺪأ ﻣﻦ روع ج ﯾﻘﺸﻌﺮ ﻟﮭﺎ ﺑﺪﻧﮭﺎ (5) Translate the following sentences into Arabic. Translate the words in bold into one of the idioms of this unit. 1 The cultural unit has become the centre of attraction for anthropologists. 2 Those who have bought the pass will have complete freedom to use the facilities. 3 If they had an iota of self-respect, they would not have behaved that way. 352 اﻟﺼﺤﺮاء 4 Do you really think an increased military presence will calm people down? 5 No wonder the kids are exhausted, they’ve been playing since morning. 6 My father doesn’t want to face the inescapable fact that he is getting old. 7 Arabic is a language to fall in love with. 8 Because of the party next door, we hardly got a wink of sleep. 9 The video footage shows a chilling example of this kind of crime. 10 The cultivated orchards stretched as far as the eye could see. 11 After that, my mother-in-law swore she would never set foot in my house again. 12 In the past, people decamped/travelled to faraway lands to seek knowledge. (6) Use the idioms of this unit in sentences of your own. This practice exercise covers the following Arabic idioms: ﻣﺜﻘﺎل ذرة ﺗﻘﺸﻌ ّﺮ ﻟﮫ اﻷﺑﺪان ھ ّﺪأ ﻣﻦ روع ﻻ ﻣﻔﺮ ﻣﻨﮫ ﻣﺤﻂ أﻧﻈﺎر ﻟﻢ ﯾﻐﻤﺾ ﻟﮫ ﺟﻔﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣ ّﺪ اﻟﺒﺼﺮ وطﺄت ﻗﺪﻣﺎه ﻻ ﻏﺮو وﻗﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺸﻖ ﺷ ّﺪ اﻟﺮﺣﺎل ﻟﮫ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ اﻟﺤﺮﯾﺔ 353 اﻟﻄﯿﻮر ﻋﻠﻰ أﺷﻜﺎﻟﮭﺎ ﺗﻘﻊ 25 َ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻐﺮاب ﻟﻌﻠّﮫُ ُ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﮭﺠﻮرة ،ﺗﻠﻔّ َ ﯾﺠﺪ ﻣﺎ ﱡ اﻟﻤﻜﺎن اﻟﺬي ھﻮ ﻓﯿﮫ. ﯾﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺖ اﺳﺘﯿﻘﻆ وﺳﻂ ٍ ٍ ِ ﺑﻌﺪ ْ أن ّ ﱡ وﺧﺮج ﻧﻔﺴِﮫ ع ﻣﺮوري ﺣﺎدث ض إﻟﻰ ﱟ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﯾﺘﺬﻛﺮهُ ھﻮ أﻧّﮫُ َ ّ ٍ َ َ ﺗﻌﺮ َ ﺗﺤﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ِ ﻣﺮو ٍ ّ ﺑﺸﻲء ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ .رﻏﻢ ّ ﻣﻦ ّ ﻋﻤﯿﻖ وﻟﻢ ﯾﺸﻌﺮ ﻧﻮم أن ﻣﻮﺗﮫُ ٍ اﻟﺴ ِ ﯿﺎرة ﻣﺜﺨﻨًﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺮاح ،وأﻧّﮫُ ﻏﻂ ﻓﻲ ٍ ٍ ﯾﻤﺖ ،أو إﻧّﮫُ رﺑّﻤﺎ َ ُﻌﺪ ﻛﺎن ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻞ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ أو ﺑ ٍ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ّإﻻ إﻧّﮫُ ﻓﯿﻤﺎ ﯾﺒﺪو ﻟﻢ ُ ﻣﺎت وﻟﻜﻨّﮫُ ﺻﺤﺎ ﻓﻲ ٍ ٍ اﻟﮭﻮاء ّ ﺳﺎر ﯾﺤﻤﻞ راﺋﺤﺔَ اﻟﺒﺤﺮ، طﺐ اﻟﺬي ﺑﻌﻤﻖ ﺲ ُ ﻗﯿﺪ اﻟﺤﯿﺎةَ . َ اﻟﺮ َ آﺧﺮ .ﺗﻨﻔّ َ وﺷﻌﺮ ﺑﺄﻧّﮫُ ﻋﻠﻰ ِ َ ٍ اﻟﺸ ﱢ ﺮب ّ أﻛﺜﺮ اﺗّ ً ﻂ اﻟﺬي ﯾﻌﺮﻓﮫُ ً ﻣﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻋﻠﯿﮫ، اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ ﻛﺘﺎﺋﮫ ﻓﻲ َ ٍ ﺟﯿﺪا ،ﺑﺪا ﻟﮫ َ ﻧﻔﺴﮫُ ﻗُ َ ﻟﯿﺠﺪ َ ﺴﺎﻋﺎ ّ ِ ذﻟﻚ ﻟﻢ ّ ف ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ .ﻛﺎن اﺳﻢ ”ﺳﯿﱢﺪ اﻟﺒﺮﯾﻢ“ ّ ﯾﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘّ ّ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﯾﺘﺮدُد ﱟ ﻌﺮ ِ وﻟﻜﻨّﮫُ ﻣﻊ ِ ٍ ﺣﯿﺮﺗﮫ ،ﻓﮭﻮ ﻻ ّ ُ ﯾﻜﻮن ﺳﯿّﺪ اﻟﺒﺮﯾﻢ. ﯾﺘﺬﻛُﺮ َﻣﻦ أذﻧﮫ ،زاد ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ِ ﻓﻲ ِ اﻟﻜﻮرﻧﯿﺶ اﻟﻤﺤﺎذي ّ َ وﻻﺣﻆ ّ ُ ﺗﻌﻮَد ﻣﻼﺑﺲ ﯾﻠﺒﺴﻮن ﺎس ﻟﻠﺸﻂّ، ﻣﺸﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ َ ﻋﻤﺎ ّ َ أن اﻟﻨّ َ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ّ ِ واﻟﻤﻠﻮﻧﺔُ اﻟﻘﻮارب اﻟﻄّﺎﺋﺮةُ ﺗﻄﯿﺮ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ. ﺨﻞ ُ ُ رؤﯾﺘَﮭﻢ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ،ﻓﯿﻤﺎ اﺧﺘﻔﻰ اﻟﻨّ ُ ﱠ ِ ً اﻟﺸﻂّّ ، ﺟﯿﺌﺔً وذھﺎﺑًﺎ ﻓﻮق ّ ﺗﺬﻛَﺮ ّ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺘﯿﮫ. ِ أن ﻗﻮارب ﺧﺸﺒﯿّﺔ ھﻲ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺘﻨﻘّ ُﻞ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺿﻔﱠ ِ ﱠ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﮫ ﻏﺮﯾﺒًﺎ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ ،ﻓﮭﻲ ﻻ ﺗُﺸﺒﮭُﮭﺎ أﺣﺲ ﻟﺪ وﻋﺎش ﻓﯿﮭﺎ ،وﻟﻜﻨّﮫُ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔُ ﺗُﺸﺒﮫُ ﻣﺪﯾﻨﺘﮫُ اﻟﺘﻲ ُو َ َ ِ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ. ّ ﻛﺒﯿﺮة ﺟﻠﺲ ﻓﻲ داﺧﻠﮭﺎ أﺷﺨﺎص ،وﻟﻜﻨّﮫُ ﻟﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻋﺔ زﺟﺎﺟﯿٍّﺔ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺒﻨﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﺟﮫَ إﻟﻰ ٍ ٍ ً ِ أن ﻣﻼﺑﺴﮫُ وھﯿﺌﺘَﮫُ اﻟﻐﺮﯾﺒﺔَ ﯾﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ،ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﮭﯿّﺄ ﻟﮫُ أﻧّﮫُ ﺑﻼ أﺑﻮاب .ورﻏﻢ ّ ﯾﻌﺮف ﻛﯿﻒ ُ ﺎس ﺣﻮﻟﮫُ ّإﻻ ّ إن ً ﺳﺘﺠﺬب ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻈﺮ إﻟﯿﮫ ،ﻟﻘﺪ ﺟﻌﻠﮫُ ُ ِ اﻟﻌﺸﺮات ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨّ ِ أﺣﺪا ﻟﻢ ﯾﻜﺘﺮث ﺣﺘﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻨّ ِ ﱡ اﻟﺠﻦ دﺧﻞ ﻣﺪﯾﻨﺔً ﯾﺴﻜﻨُﮭﺎ أﺻﺒﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺣﺪة واﻻﻧﻘﺒﺎض .ھﻞ ﯾﺸﻌﺮ ذﻟﻚ ﺷﺒﺤﺎ ﻻ ﯾُﺮى؟ أم أﻧّﮫُ ُ ً َ َ ِ ﯾﺠﺪ ً ﯾﺘﻮاﺻﻞ أﺣﺪا ُ واﻷﺷﺒﺎح؟ ورﻏﻢ ﻣﺤﺎوﻻﺗِِﮫ ﺑﺸﺘّﻰ اﻟﻄّﺮق أن ﯾﺘﺤﺪث إﻟﻰ اﻟﻨﺎس ّإﻻ إﻧّﮫُ ﻟﻢ ِ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﻮﻓﺎض. اﻟﻤﻜﺎن ﻓﺘﺮك ﻣﻌﮫُ، َ َ َ ﻔﺔ اﻷﺧﺮى ﻣﻦ ّ ﺗﻤﺜﺎل ّ ْ وﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻦ ھﻨﺎك إﻟﻰ ّ اﻟﺸﻂّ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺎﻋﺮ اﻟﻤﯿﱢﺖ، ﻗﺎدﺗﮫُ ﻗﺪﻣﺎهُ إﻟﻰ َ اﻟﻀ ِ ِ اﻟﺸ ِ ﱡ ً َ ﻗﺪح ﻟﯿﺠﺪ اﻟﺘﻔﺖ ﻏﺎﺑﺎت اﻟﻨّﺨﯿﻞ. ﺑﺪل ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻨﺎﯾﺎت اﻹﺳﻤﻨﺘﯿّ ِﺔ ﺗﻜﺘﻆ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﯿﺪه ُ َ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﯿﺔ َ رﺟﻼ ُﻣﺴﻨًّﺎ ِ ِ ِ ِ ُ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻀﻮل ،وﻗﺪ ّ إﻟﯿﮫ ّ ﱠ ﯾﺠﺲ ﺷﺠﻌﮫُ ذﻟﻚ ﻛﻲ ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ اﻟﻌﺠﻮز ﺟﻞ ﻣﺎء. ُ اﻟﺮ ُ ٍ َ ﻧﻈﺮ ِ DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-56 354 اﻟﻄﯿﻮر ﻋﻠﻰ أﺷﻜﺎﻟﮭﺎ ﺗﻘﻊ اﻟﻌﺠﻮز ﻛﻲ ّ ﯾﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ اﻟﺘّ اﺳﻢ ﻧﺒﺾ ُ ﯾﺘﺄﻛ َﺪ ﻣﻦ أﻧّﮫُ َ َ ﻮاﺻﻞ ﻣﻌﮫُ .ﺳﺄﻟﮫُ ﻋﻦ ”ﺳﯿّﺪ اﻟﺒﺮﯾﻢ“ وﻋﻦ ِ ِ ْ ّ ﺆال ﻋﺪةَ َ ﻛﺮ َر ّ اﻟﻌﺠﻮز ﻟﻢ ﯾُﺠﺒﮫُ ﺑﺸﻲءّ . وﻟﻜﻦ ّ ﺑﻘﯿﺖ ﻣﺮات ،وﻟﻜﻦ ﺟﻞ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ واﻟﺘّﺎرﯾﺦ، ٍ اﻟﺴ َ اﻟﺮ َ ِ ُ ﻧﻈﺮات ّ اﻧﺴﺤﺐ وھﻮ ﱡ أذﯾﺎل اﻟﺨﯿﺒﺔ ووﺿﻊ ﯾﺠﺮ ﯾﺤﺼﻞ ﻣﻨﮫُ ﻋﻠﻰ إﺟﺎﺑﺔ. ﺟﻞ ﻧﻔﺴﮭﺎ دون أن َ َ َ اﻟﺮ ِ ﺑﺪت ﻟﮫُ ﺣﻘﯿﻘﯿّﺔً ًّ ﻣﻨﺼِﺔ اﻟﺘّﻤﺜﺎل ،ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺮاﻧﯿﺖ وﻣﻠﺴﺎء ،ﻟﻘﺪ ْ ّ ﺟﺪا .وﻓﻲ اﻷﺛﻨﺎء ﯾﺪهُ ﻋﻠﻰ َ اﻟﺮﺟﻞ اﻟﻌﺠﻮز واﻗﻔًﺎ أﻣﺎﻣﮫُ وھﻮ ّ اﻧﺘﺒﮫ إﻟﻰ ّ ﯾﻮﺟﮫ إﻟﯿﮫ ﺣﺪﯾﺜَﮫُ: ّ َ وﺻﻠﺖَ ، َ ﻗﺒﻞ اﺧﺘﻔﯿﺖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺆﻛﺪ أﻧّﻚ أﻧﺖ ﯾﺤﯿﻰ اﻟﺒﺮﺣﻲ ،أﻟﯿﺲ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ؟ ﻣﻦ أﺧﯿﺮا ” ً اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ َ ِ ﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺛﺮ“. ﻋﺎﻣﺎ وﻟﻢ ﯾﻌﺜﺮوا َ َ ﺳﺒﻌﯿﻦ ً ّ َ َ وﻟﻜﻦ ّ ﺳﻤﻊ ّ اﻟﻌﺠﻮز ﺟﻞ ﯾﺬﻛﺮ اﺳﻤﮫُ، اﻟﻌﺠﻮز ﺟﻞ ﻓﻐﺮ ﯾﺤﯿﻰ اﻟﺒﺮﺣﻲ ﻓﺎهُ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ُ اﻟﺮ َ اﻟﺮ َ َ ﱠ أﻓﺎق ﺳﻘﻮطﮫ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺴِﮫ أﻧّﮫُ ھﻮ اﻵﺧﺮ وﺑﻌﺪ اﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﻓﻲ رﺻﯿﻒ اﻟﻤﯿﻨﺎءَ ، ِ ِ ﺣﺪﯾﺜﮫ .ﻓﻘﺪ أﺧﺒﺮهُ ﻋﻦ ِ ِ ّ ﺷﻌﻮري ﻧﺤﻮ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻻ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ ﯾﺴﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ ُ ﻧﻔﺴﮫُ َ ٍ ٍ ﻣﮭﺠﻮرة ،ﺛﻢ وﺟﺪ َ ِ ٍ ﺳﺒﻌﯿﻦ ً ﺗﻤﺜﺎل ّ وﺟﺪ اﻣﺮأةً ّ ﯾﺘﺮد ُد ﻓﻲ ﺎﻋﺮ اﻟﻤﯿﱢﺖ ،واﺳﻢ ”ﯾﺤﯿﻰ اﻟﺒﺮﺣﻲ“ ذھﻨﮫ .وھﻨﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺘّﻤﺜﺎل َ ِ ِ اﻟﺸ ِ ْ ُ اﻟﻤﺎء ﻟﯿﺤﯿﻰ ﻗﺪح ﻏﺎدرت .أﻋﻄﻰ ﻤﺜﺎل ﺛﻢ ﺑﺎﺳﻤﮫ ﺣﺎﻟﻤﺎ ﺷﺎﺑﺔً أﺧﺒﺮﺗﮫُ َ اﻟﻌﺠﻮز َ ِ ِ أﻣﺴﻚ ﻣﻨﺼﺔَ اﻟﺘّ ِ ﺗﻤﺜﺎل ّ وﻗﺒﻞ ْ اﻟﻤﻜﺎن أﺧﺒﺮهُ ّ ﺖ ﺗﻘﻊ ﻋﻨﺪ ﯾﻐﺎدر أن اﻟﺒﺮﺣﻲ، ﯿﻮر ﻋﻠﻰ أﺷﻜﺎﻟِﮭﺎ ُ َ ﺑﺄن اﻟﻄّ َ َ َ ﺎﻋﺮ اﻟﻤﯿﱢ ِ ِ اﻟﺸ ِ ّ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻔﺔ اﻟﺸﻂ ﻓﻲ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ. (1) Carefully read the text, then discuss how the idioms are used to convey the meaning. (2) Translate the text into English, making sure that your final translation reads like authentic English and reproduces the content and style of the text. (3) Express what you understand in Arabic by using the idioms appearing in the text. Ensure to use all the idioms from the text correctly. (4) Choose the correct idioms to fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences. 1 ﻟﻘﺪ ذھﺐ زﯾﺪ إﻟﻰ ﻣﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﺘﻮظﯿﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻣﻞ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻟﻜﻨﮫ ﻟﻸﺳﻒ ﻋﺎد _________. 2 ﻏﺎﻟﺒًﺎ ﻣﺎ ﯾﺠﺪ زوﺟﺘﮫ _______ ﻋﻤﯿﻖ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﯾﺼﻞ أ ﺗﺠﺲ ﻧﺒﺾ ب ﺗﺘﺤﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﮭﺎ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺒﯿﺖ. ج ﺗﻐﻂ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺒﺎت 355 أ ﯾﺠﺲ ﻧﺒﻀﮫ ب ﺧﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﻮﻓﺎض ج ﺟﯿﺌﺔ وذھﺎﺑًﺎ The practice exercises 3 وذﻛﺮت ﻛﺘﺐ اﻟﺘﺎرﯾﺦ أن ھﺬا اﻟﺘﺎﺟﺮ ﻛﺎن ﯾﺴﺎﻓﺮ _________ ﻣﻊ ﻗﻮاﻓﻠﮫ ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﺼﺤﺮاء ﺑﯿﻦ ھﺎﺗﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺘﯿﻦ. أ ﺟﯿﺌﺔ وذھﺎﺑًﺎ ب ﻓﺎﻏﺮ ﻓﺎه ج ﻣﺜﺨﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺮاح 4 ﺑﻌﺪ أﻋﻮام ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺮوب واﻟﺘﮭﺪﯾﺪات اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﯿﺔ أ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﻮﻓﺎض ب ﻣﺜﺨﻨًﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺮاح ج ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﺆﺧﺮا ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ ھﺰاﺋﻤﮫ اﻟﻤﺘﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ وﺧﺴﺎرﺗﮫ ً ﺑﻄﻮﻟﺔ ﻛﺄس آﺳﯿﺎ ﻋﺎد اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺨﺐ إﻟﻰ ﺑﻼده وھﻮ ___________. أ ﻓﺎﻏﺮ ﻓﺎه ب ﯾﻐﻂ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻮم ج ﯾﺠﺮ أذﯾﺎل اﻟﺨﯿﺒﺔ 6 أﻛﺪ طﺒﯿﺒﮫ اﻟﺨﺎص أن ﺣﺒﺎﻟﮫ اﻟﺼﻮﺗﯿﺔ ﺗﻌﺮﺿﺖ ﻟﻺﺟﮭﺎد ّإﻻ أن اﻟﻤﻄﺮب اﻟﺸﺎب _________ ﻟﯿﻜﻤﻞ اﻟﺤﻔﻞ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ ﺟﻤﮭﻮره. أ ﺟﺲ ﻧﺒﻀﮫ ب ﻓﻐﺮ ﻓﺎه ج ﺗﺤﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ 7 ھﺬه اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺻﺪﻗﺎء ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻷﻓﻜﺎر ﻓـــ أ ھﻲ ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ب اﻟﻄﯿﻮر ﻋﻠﻰ أﺷﻜﺎﻟﮭﺎ ﺗﻘﻊ ج ﺟﯿﺌﺔ وذھﺎﺑًﺎ واﻟﺨﺎرﺟﯿﺔ أﺻﺒﺢ ھﺬا اﻟﺒﻠﺪ _________. 5 _________________. 8 ﺣﯿﻦ رأى اﻟﻤﮭﻨﺪس اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ اﻟﺬي ﺻﻤﻤﮫ وھﻮ ﯾﺘﺤﻄﻢ أ ﻓﻐﺮ ﻓﺎه ب ﺟﺮ أذﯾﺎل اﻟﺨﯿﺒﺔ أﻣﺎم ﻋﯿﻨﯿﮫ ________ ووﻗﻒ ﺑﻼ ﺣﺮاك. ج ﺟﺲ ﻧﺒﻀﮫ 9 إن ﺳﻘﻮط اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ ﻟﻢ ﯾﻜﻦ ّإﻻ ______ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺘﺪھﻮر اﻟﺬي أﺻﺎب ﻛﯿﺎﻧﮭﺎ. 10ھﻞ ﺗﻌﺘﻘﺪون أن اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺟﺎدة ﻓﻲ ﺗﺼﺮﯾﺤﺎﺗﮭﺎ أم أن ھﺬه اﻟﺘﺼﺮﯾﺤﺎت ﺟﺎءت ﻣﺠﺮد ﻟـــ __________ اﻟﺸﺎرع؟ أ ﺟﯿﺌﺔ وذھﺎﺑًﺎ ب ﺟﺲ ﻧﺒﺾ ج ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ أ ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ب ﺟﺮ أذﯾﺎل ﺧﯿﺒﺔ ج ﺟﺲ ﻧﺒﺾ 356 اﻟﻄﯿﻮر ﻋﻠﻰ أﺷﻜﺎﻟﮭﺎ ﺗﻘﻊ (5) Translate the following sentences into Arabic. Translate the words in bold into one of the idioms of this unit. 1 His jaw dropped when he realised his wife was pregnant with quintuplets. 2 When it all fell apart, he went back with his tail between his legs. 3 Despite the pain, she forced herself up onto her elbows. 4 I am not surprised these two are best of friends, as birds of a feather fock together. 5 And for no apparent reason, the teenager kept running to and fro across the hallway. 6 This is the leader our wounded country needs now. 7 The result of the election is a foregone conclusion, and they will win for sure. 8 The young man tried to rob the shop with a butter knife but left empty-handed. 9 You have to test the waters and gauge the industry’s interest in such initiatives. 10 The mother kept singing, and the baby soon went into deep sleep. (6) Use the idioms of this unit in sentences of your own. This practice exercise covers the following Arabic idioms: ﺟﺲ ﻧﺒﺾ ﻣﺜﺨﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺮاح ﺟﯿﺌﺔ وذھﺎﺑًﺎ ﻓﻐﺮ ﻓﺎه ﺗﺤﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﻮﻓﺎض ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺟﺮ أذﯾﺎل اﻟﺨﯿﺒﺔ ﺳﺒﺎت/ ﻏﻂ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻮم اﻟﻄﯿﻮر ﻋﻠﻰ أﺷﻜﺎﻟﮭﺎ ﺗﻘﻊ 357 ﺑﯿﺎن ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻲ 26 ﻏﻤﺮة اﻟﺘّ ﱡ ﻘﺪِم اﻟﺬي ﯾُﺤﺮزهُ ُ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻄﻮر واﻻزدھﺎر، ﻣﺰﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻠﺪﻧﺎ ﻧﺤﻮ ً وﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ َ ّ ٍ ِ ﻧﻮﻋﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ وﻧﺰﯾﮭﺔ ھﻲ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺮة اﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎت ﺑﺮﻟﻤﺎﻧﯿ ٍّﺔ ﺑﺈﺟﺮاء ﻖ اﻹﻧﺠﺎز اﻟﺬي ﺗﺤﻘّ َ ٍ ٍ ٍ ِ ِ ِ ْ ُ واﻟﻜﺮاھﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﱢ ﻋﺼﺎﺑﺎت اﻟﺘّ ﱡ اﻟﮭﺠﻤﺎت اﻹرھﺎﺑﯿِّﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻦ ف أﻗﺪﻣﺖ ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﻨﺎ، ٍ ِ ِ ﻄﺮ ِ ِ ْ ْ اﻟﻌﺸﺮات ﻣﻨﮭﻢ. ﺑﺤﯿﺎة وأودت اﻟﻌّﺰَل ﻗﺼﺪ اﺳﺘﮭﺪﻓﺖ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺪﻧﯿﯿﻦ ُ َ ٍ ِ ِ ھﺪ ا ّ ﺗﺘﻘﺪُم ﻓﯿﮫ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔُ ﺑﺘﻌﺎزﯾﮭﺎ ﻟﺬوي ا ّ ﻌﺐ ﺑ ّ ﻗﺖ اﻟﺬي ّ ﻟﺸﮭﺪاء ،ﻓﺈﻧّﮭﺎ ﺗُﻌﺎ ُ ﺄن ھﺬه ﻟﺸ َ وﻓﻲ اﻟﻮ ِ ﺮد ﻻ ھﻮادةَ ﻓﯿﮫ ّ ﺗﻤﺮ ﻣﺮور اﻟﻜﺮام ،وﺳﻨﻘﻮُم ﺑ ﱟ اﻟﺠﺮاﺋﻢ اﻟﻤﺮّوﻋﺔَ ﻟﻦ ﱠ ﺐ ھﺬه ﺿﺪ ﱢ ﻛﻞ َﻣﻦ ارﺗﻜ َ ﻣﻨﻲ ﺧﻄﯿﺮ ﻓﻘﺪ ّ ﻣﻞ أﻋﻀﺎﺋﮭﺎ ﻗﺮ ِ ﺮق أ ﱟ رت اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔُ ﺑﻜﺎ ِ اﻟﺠﺮاﺋﻢ .وﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺷﮭﺪﺗﮫُ اﻟﺒﻼُد ﻣﻦ ﺧ ٍ ﻟﺔ اﻟﻄّ ﻗﺮ ْ ﺑﺠﻤﯿﻊ أﻧﺤﺎء اﻟﺒﻼد ّ ﺷﮭﺮ اﻋﺘﺒﺎًرا ﻣﻦ ﯾﻮم َﻏﺪ .ﻛﻤﺎ ّ ﺗﺸﻜﯿﻞ رت ﻮارئ إﻋ َ َ ﻼن ﺣﺎ ِ ِ ﻟﻤﺪِة ﺳﺘﺔ أ ٍ ِ ﺪاءات اﻵﺛﻤﺔ ،وﺳﺘﻘﻮ ُم اﻟﻠّﺠﻨﺔُ ﺳﺔ وزﯾِﺮ ا ّﻟﺪاﺧﻠﯿّ ِﺔ ﻟﻠﺘّ ﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻓﻲ ھﺬه اﻻﻋﺘ ٍ ِ ﻟﺠﻨﺔ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﯿٍّﺔ ُﻋﻠﯿﺎ ﺑﺮﺋﺎ ِ ِ ﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ُ حا ّ ﺗﻘﻒ وراءھﺎ. ﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺸﻒ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﯿﻞ ھﺬه اﻻﻋﺘﺪاءات ،واﻟﺠﮭ ِ ِ ﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺑﺎ ِ وﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻨﺎ ِ ﻠﻘﺎة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺗﻘِﮭﺎ اﻟﻘُﻮى اﻷﻣﻨﯿّﺔَ إﻟﻰ ْ ّ ﺗﺘﺼﺪى أن ﺗﺪﻋﻮ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔُ وﻣﻦ واﻗِِﻊ اﻟﻤ ِ ِ اﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﯿﺔ ُ اﻟﺒﻠﺪ واﻟﻤﻮاطﻨﯿﻦ ْ ﺑﺤﺰم ّ وأن ﱠ اﻟﺼﺎع ﺻﺎﻋﯿﻦ ﺗﺮد اﻟﻤﺴﺎس ﻧﻔﺴﮫُ ﺴﻮُل ﻟﮫُ ُ ﺿﺪ ﱢ َ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺗُ ّ َ ﺑﺄﻣﻦ ِ ٍ ِ ّ ﺤﺎول ﱠ اﻟﺤﯿﻄﺔ أﺧﺬ اﻟﻌﻨﻒ واﻟﻔﻮﺿﻰ .ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺪﻋﻮ ﺟﺮ اﻟﺒﻼد إﻟﻰ ُ ﻛﻞ َﻣﻦ ﯾُ ﺿﺪ ﱢ َ اﻟﻤﻮاطﻨﯿﻦ إﻟﻰ ِ ِ ِ اﻻﺳﺘﻤﺎع إﻟﻰ وﻋﺪم واﻟﺤﺬر ﻓﻮرا ﺗﺄزﯾﻢ اﻷوﺿﺎع، اﻹﺷﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﻌﻰ إﻟﻰ واﻻﺗﺼﺎل ً ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ﻣﺜﯿﺮ ّ ﻟﻠﺮﯾﺒﺔ. وﺿﻊ أي اﻷﻣﻦ ﺑﻘُﻮى ﻟﻺﺑﻼغ ﻋﻦ ﱢ ِ ٍ ٍ ِ ْ ّ ُ َ ﻟﻮاء اﻟﻮطﻦ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺟﻤﯿﻌﺎ أن ﻧﻨﻀﻮي ﺐ ﻣﻨّﺎ اﻟﺒﻼد ﺷﮭﺪﺗﮭﺎ إن اﻷﺣﺪاث اﻟﺘﻲ اﻟﯿﻮم ﺗﺘﻄﻠّ ُ ً ِ َ ّ اﻷﺑﺮﯾﺎء ﻗﺘﻞ أﻋﺪاء ﯾﻘﻮم ﺑﮭﺎ اﻻﻋﺘﺪاءات اﻹرھﺎﺑﯿِّﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻮاﺟﮭﺔ ھﺬه وﻧﺘﺤَﺪ ﻓﻲ َ ٌ ﯾﻤﺎرﺳﻮن َ ِ ِ ِ ُ دون ْ ﱠ ُ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻤﯿﻌﺎ ﺳﻮى اﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮار ﻓﻲ أﻣﺎﻣﻨﺎ وﻧﺠﺪ أﻧّﮫُ ﻻ ﯾﺮف ﻟﮭﻢ ﺟﻔﻦ. أن ً َ ِ ﻣﻨﺎص َ ﺰات اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗَﺤﻘّ ْ أﻧﻒ اﻹرھﺎب. ﻟﺤﻤﺎﯾﺔ ﻗﺪم وﺳﺎق َ ﻘﺖ رﻏﻢ ِ اﻟﻤﻨﺠ ِ ِ ٍ (1) Carefully read the text, then discuss how the idioms are used to convey the meaning. DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-57 358 ﺑﯿﺎن ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻲ (2) Translate the text into English, making sure that your final translation reads like authentic English and reproduces the content and style of the text. (3) Express what you understand in Arabic by using the idioms appearing in the text. Ensure to use all the idioms from the text correctly. (4) Choose the correct idioms to fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences. 1 ﺟﺎر _________ ﻹﻧﺠﺎز اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت إن اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ٍ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺘﻄﻮﯾﺮ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﻘﺪﯾﻤﺔ. أ ﻋﻦ ﻗﺼﺪ ب ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪم وﺳﺎق ج رﻏﻢ أﻧﻔﮫ 2 ﻻ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﯿﻞ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻼﺑﺴﺎت اﻟﺤﺎدث اﻟﺬي ________ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻣﻲ اﻟﺸﮭﯿﺮ. أ أودى ﺑﺤﯿﺎة ب رد اﻟﺼﺎع ﺻﺎﻋﯿﻦ ج ﻣﺮ ﻣﺮور اﻟﻜﺮام 3 وﺗﻠﻘﻰ اﻟﺮﺟﻞ رﺻﺎﺻﺘﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺎﻋﺪه اﻷﯾﺴﺮ ﻣﻤﺎ اﺳﺘﻮﺟﺐ ﻧﻘﻠﮫ ________ إﻟﻰ إﺣﺪى اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻔﯿﺎت اﻟﻘﺮﯾﺒﺔ. أ ﺑﻼ ھﻮادة ب ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻨﺎح اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ج رﻏﻢ أﻧﻔﮫ 4 ھﺎﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أن اﻟﺤﺪث ﯾﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺣﺪﺛًﺎ ً ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﻨﺎ وﯾﺘﻢ اﻻﺣﺘﻔﺎل ﺑﮫ ﻛﻞ ﻋﺎمّ ،إﻻ أن ذﻛﺮاه _________ ھﺬا اﻟﻌﺎم. أ ﻻ ھﻮادة ﻓﯿﮭﺎ ب اﻧﻀﻮت ﺗﺤﺖ ﻟﻮاء ج ﻣﺮت ﻣﺮور اﻟﻜﺮام 5 ﺗﻮﻋﺪ ﺷﯿﺦ اﻟﻘﺒﯿﻠﺔ ﺑﺄﻧﮫ ﺳـــ __________ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻋﺘﻘﺎل أﺣﺪ أﻓﺮاد ﻗﺒﯿﻠﺘﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﯾﺪ اﻟﺸﺮطﺔ. أ ﯾﻨﻀﻮي ﺗﺤﺖ ﻟﻮاء ب ﯾﺮد اﻟﺼﺎع ﺻﺎﻋﯿﻦ ج ﯾﻤﺮ ﻣﺮور اﻟﻜﺮام 6 زورا ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﻘﺴﻢ إن ھﺬا اﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺪ أن ﯾﺸﮭﺪ ً أ دون أن ﯾﺮف ﻟﮫ ﺟﻔﻦ ب ﻣﺮ ﻣﺮور اﻟﻜﺮام ج رد اﻟﺼﺎع ﺻﺎﻋﯿﻦ ___________. 359 The practice exercises 7 ﯾﺒﺪو ﻟﻲ أﻧﮫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﯾﻜﻮن ________ ﺣﻤﺎﺳﮫ ﻟﻠﻔﻜﺮة ﻋﺎل. ﯾﺒﺪأ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﯿﺎح واﻟﺤﺪﯾﺚ ﺑﺼﻮت ٍ أ ﻋﻦ ﻗﺼﺪ ب ﻻ ﻣﻨﺎص ﻣﻦ ج ﻓﻲ ﻏﻤﺮة 8 ﯾﻌﯿﺶ اﻟﺰوﺟﺎن ﺣﯿﺎة ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮة وھﺎﻧﺌﺔ __________ اﻟﺤﺎﺳﺪﯾﻦ. أ رﻏﻢ أﻧﻒ ب ﻓﻲ ﻏﻤﺮة ج ﻋﻦ ﻗﺼﺪ 9 إن اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪ ﯾﻌﺎﻗﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺠﻦ ّ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ________ دﺧﻮل اﻟﺒﻼد ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺸﺮوﻋﺔ. أ ﯾﻮدى ﺑﺤﯿﺎة ب ﯾﻨﻀﻮى ﺗﺤﺖ ﻟﻮاء ج ﺗﺴﻮل ﻟﮫ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ 10وﻗﺪ ﺗﺮاﺟﻌﺖ ﻣﺒﯿﻌﺎت ﺷﺮﻛﺔ اﻷﻏﺬﯾﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻣﻮاﺟﮭﺘﮭﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ __________ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﻛﺎت اﻷﻏﺬﯾﺔ اﻷﺧﺮى. أ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪم وﺳﺎق ب ﻻ ھﻮادة ﻓﯿﮭﺎ ج ﻻ ﻣﻨﺎص 11ﯾﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻌﺎون اﻟﺪوﻟﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎل ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺪرات ﺿﺮورة __________. أ ﻋﻦ ﻗﺼﺪ ب ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻨﺎح اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ج ﻻ ﻣﻨﺎص ﻣﻨﮭﺎ 12دﻋﺖ أﺣﺰاب وﻟﺠﺎن ﺷﻌﺒﯿﺔ أﻏﻠﺒﮭﺎ _____________ ﻣﺎ ﯾﻌﺮف ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﺪﯾﻤﻘﺮاطﯿﺔ اﺣﺘﺠﺎﺟﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺠﻤﯿﺪ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺳﺘﻮر. ﻟﺒﺲ اﻟﺴﻮاد ً أ ﯾﻨﻀﻮي ﺗﺤﺖ ﻟﻮاء ب ﯾﻤﺮ ﻣﺮور اﻟﻜﺮام ج دون أن ﯾﺮف ﻟﮭﺎ ﺟﻔﻦ 13ﻟﻘﺪ ﺑﺎع ﺗﺎﺟﺮ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ أطﻨﺎﻧًﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻷرز ﻣﻨﺘﮭﻲ اﻟﺼﻼﺣﯿﺔ وﻻ ﯾُﻌﺮف ﻣﺎ إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﺘﺎﺟﺮ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺼﺮف ______ ﻣﻨﮫ أم ﻻ. أ رﻏﻢ أﻧﻒ ب ﻋﻦ ﻗﺼﺪ ج ﻓﻲ ﻏﻤﺮة (5) Translate the following sentences into Arabic. Translate the words in bold into one of the idioms of this unit. 1 Preparations for the much-awaited festival are in full swing. ?2 Do you think she did that on purpose 360 ﺑﯿﺎن ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻲ 3 The ministry needs to push this agenda forward with utmost speed. 4 The bill was accepted despite the disagreement of the parliament. 5 All those who might be tempted to use the opportunity to loot will be punished. 6 The gang can kill you in a second without blinking an eye. 7 Is it timely to launch a new business in the midst of the recession? 8 Entrepreneurs try to be ethical but find no escape from bending the rules. 9 The execution is the culmination of a relentless legal battle by the victim’s family. 10 The issue of workplace diversity has not passed unnoticed. 11 Our country will hit back with double the force if its sovereignty is challenged. 12 All groups joined under the banner of the movement for national liberation. 13 The police are investigating the circumstances of the collision that claimed the life of the footballer. (6) Use the idioms of this unit in sentences of your own. This practice exercise covers the following Arabic idioms: ﻣﺮ ﻣﺮور اﻟﻜﺮام اﻧﻀﻮى ﺗﺤﺖ ﻟﻮاء رﻏﻢ أﻧﻔﮫ دون أن ﯾﺮف ﻟﮫ ﺟﻔﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻏﻤﺮة رد اﻟﺼﺎع ﺻﺎﻋﯿﻦ ﺳﻮﻟﺖ ﻟﮫ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ ﻻ ﻣﻨﺎص ﻟﮫ ﻣﻨﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻨﺎح اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ أودى ﺑﺤﯿﺎة ﺑﻼ ھﻮادة/ ﻻ ھﻮادة ﻓﯿﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪم وﺳﺎق ﻋﻦ ﻗﺼﺪ 361 اﻟﻤﻘﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻘﻮﻓﯿّﺔ 27 ُ َ اﻟﺤﺼﺎد ،وﻗﺪ َ اﻟﻀﺤﻰ ﱡ ﱡ ﻛﻞ وﻗﺖ ﺎرﯾﻦ ﺑﺮز ﻓﻲ ذھﺒﺖ إﻟﻰ ﺑَﻐﺪاد ،ﻓﻲ ﺳﻮق اﻟﻌﻄّ َ أوان َ ِ ِ اﺑﻨﮫ ﱡ ّ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻓﻮف ،ﻗﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮف، اﻟﻌﻤﺮ وﻗﺪ ﺗﻐﻄّﻰ ﻣﻘﺘﺒﻞ ﺑﺮﺟﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺒﺎد .وإذا ُ وﯾﻀﺮب ﻣﻊ ِ ِ ٍ ِ ِ أﻗﻌﺪهُ ﱠ وﺗﺼﺪ ُ ُ ّ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﻗﺖ ﻟﺤﺎﻟﮫ ﻓﺘﺄﻟﻤﺖ اﻟﻌﻠﻞ. اﻟﺸﻠﻞ ،وﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺪرھﻤﯿﻦ ،وأﻋﻄﯿﺘﮫُ وﺟﮭﮫ ﺗﺒﺪو ُ ِ ِ آﺛﺎر ِ ِ َ اﻟﺨﺒﺰ رﻏﯿﻔَﯿﻦ. ﻣﻦ ِ ُ وﻏﺎﺑﺮ اﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ أﺣﻮال ﻧﺘﺬاﻛﺮ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻟﻲ ﺣﻤﯿﻢ، اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺚ ﻣﻊ ﻏﻤﺮة ﻛﻨﺖ ﻓﻲ وﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ ُ ٍ َ ِ ِ ِ ِ رﯾﻌﺎن ّ ّ ﺒﺎب ﱡ ﺎس ﺑﻠﺺ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺎن اﻟﻘﺪﯾﻢ ،وإذا ﯾﺠﺮ ِﺧﻠﺴﺔً ﻣﻦ ﺟﯿﺒﻲ ُ اﻟﺸ ِ ﺻّﺮةَ ﻣﺎﻟﻲِ ،ﻣﻦ ِ ِ اﻟﺰ ِ أﻣﺎم اﻟﻨّ ِ ٍ وﻟﻢ ُ ﺺ ُﻣ ً ﻣﮭﺐ ّ اﻟﺮﯾﺢ ،ﻓﻘﺪ ّ ﻓﺮ اﻟﻠّ ﱡ ﺑﻔﻌﻠﮫ ﺴﺮﻋﺎ أﺻﺒﺢ ﻓﻲ ﯾﻜ ْﻦ ﯾُﺒﺎﻟﻲ .وﻟﻢ أﻧﺘﺒِﮫ ّإﻻ وﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﻗﺪ ﱢ َ ِ طﺮﯾﻖ اﻟﻨﱠﮭﺮ. ﺑﺎﺗﺠﺎه ﻟﻤﺢ اﻟﺒﺼﺮ ،ھﺎرﺑًﺎ ِ ِ اﻟﻘﺒﯿﺢ ،واﺧﺘﻔﻰ ﻓﻲ ِ ُ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ ،وﯾﺤﻲ ھﻞ ّ اﻟﻤﺘ ﱢ إن ّ ﻧﺎدﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﻼل، ﺐ ُ ﺬھ ُ َﺼﺪ َ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎل َ اﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔَ ﺗُ ِ وﺗﺠﻌﻞ ُ ق ً ِ أﻓﻀﻞ اﻷﻋﻤﺎل؟ أم ّ َ ً وﻗﻮت ﯾﻮﻣﻲ؟ وﻟﻜﻨّﻨﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻗﻮﻣﻲ ،ﻓﻀﯿّﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ أن ﺣﺴﺪا ﻗﺪ أﺻﺎﺑَﻨﻲ َ ﻮت ﻣﻦ ِﷲ ﱡ ورﺟ ُ ُ ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺨﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ ﯾﺠﻠﺐ اﻟﺨﯿﺮ ﻓﻌﻤﻞ ﻄﻒ ﺑﻲ. ﺣﺼﻞ ﻟﻲ، رﺿﯿﺖ ﺑﻤﺎ ُ ُ اﻟﻠ َ َ َ َ ِ ِ اﻷﺷﺮار وأﺻﺒﺤﻮا ﺑﺎﻵﻻف. ﺳﺎد ُ اﻟﻤﻄﺎف ،وإن َ َ ْ ﻛﻨﺖ أﺗﻠﻔّ ُ ﻛﺎدت ﻣﻦ ﻋﯿﻨﻲ ﺗﺴﻘﻂُ دﻣﻌﺘﻲُ . ﺖ ﻣﻠﮭﻮﻓًﺎ َ اﻟﯿﻤﯿﻦ ذات وﻣﻊ أﻟﻤﻲ وﺣﺴﺮﺗﻲ ،وﻗﺪ ِ ّ ﺧﺒﺮا أﻧﺎل .وﻟﻜﻨّﻨﻲ ﻟﻢ أﺟﺪ ﻓﻲ ّ ﺎس ﱡ ﻮق ﺳﻮى واﻟﺸﻤﺎل ،وأُ ُ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺆال ،ﻟﻌﻠّﻨﻲ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ً ﺑﺎدر اﻟﻨّ َ اﻟﺴ ِ ْ ُ ُ ﯾﺌﺴﺖ ﻣﻦ ْ وﺻﻠﺖ وﺣﺰﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ أﺳﺘﺮﺟﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ، أن واﻟﻤﺮج ،وازدﺣﺎم اﻟﮭَﻤﺞ .وﻗﺪ َ اﻟﮭَﺮج َ ھﻤﻲ ،وﯾﺪﻋﻮ َﷲ ْ وﺻﺎر ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻲ ﯾُﺨﻔﱢ ُ ﻏﻤﻲ. أن إﻟﯿﮫ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ. َ َ ﯾﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻨّﻲ ّ ﻒ ﻋﻨّﻲ ّ ِ ُ ﻋﻠﻲ ْ ﱡ أذھﺐ أن ﺸﯿﺮ ﺑﺼﺒﻲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﺤﺎل ،وإذا وﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﯾﺠﺮ ﺛﻮﺑﻲ ﺑﺈﺻﺮار ،وﯾُ ُ ﻛﻨﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ َ َ ﱠ ﱟ ُ ُ ﱡ اﻟﺴﺒﯿﻞ واﻟﻤﻨﺎرة ،ﻟﻌﻠّﻨﺎ ﻓﺬھﺒﺖ وﺻﺎﺣﺒﻲ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺤﻞ ﺑﻘﺮب ﻣﺤﻞ اﻟﻌﻄّﺎر. ﺣﯿﺚ ﻣﻌﮫُ إﻟﻰ ِ ُ ُ ّ ﺎر وﺗﺒﺎدِل اﻻﺣﺘِﺮام، واﻟﺴﻼم، وﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘّﺤﯿ ِّﺔ اﻟﻌﻄﺎرة. ﯾﺮﯾﺪ ﻣﻨّﺎ ﻧﻔﮭﻢ ﻣﺎ أﺧﺮج اﻟﻌﻄّ ُ ُ َ َ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ِ ُ ﺻّﺮةً َﺣﻤﺮاء ،ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ داﺋﺮةٌ ﺑﯿﻀﺎء .وﻗﺪ ْ ُ أﺑﺎدرهُ ﻋﻨﮭﺎ وأردت أن ﺻّﺮةُ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ، ﺑﺪت ﻟﻲ ﻛﺄﻧّﮭﺎ ُ ُ َ ﻗﺮارة ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﻗﺪ َ ﺑﺴﺆاﻟﻲ .وﻟﻜﻨّﻨﻲ ُ ﻮاﺑﻞ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻓﻲ ُ أﺧﺬھﺎ اﻟﻠّﺺ ،ﻓﻤﺎ اﻟﺬي أﺗﻰ ﺑﮭﺎ َ ِ ِ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ اﻟﺘَ ِ ﻋﻠﯿﻚ اﻟﻘِ ّ ﱡ ﺼﺔ. وﺳﺄﻗﺺ أﺗﺖ اﻟﻔُﺮﺻﺔ، ﺎر ﻓﻠﻤﺎ رآﻧﻲ اﻟﻌﻄّ ُ َ ﻣﺴﺘﻔﮭﻤﺎ وﻣﺘﺤﯿﱢًﺮا َ َ واﻟﻌﻔﺺّ . ﻗﺎل ﻗﺪ ِ ً DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-58 362 اﻟﻤﻘﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻘﻮﻓﯿّﺔ ْ ﺺ ﯾُ ُ ﺳﺎﻗﯿﮫ ّ ﻛﺎن اﻟﻠّ ﱡ ﻓﻌﻨﺪ ﯾﺪِه ﻋﺜﺮ ﯾﺢ ھﺎرﺑًﺎ، ﻄﻠﻖ ﱢ ﺎر وﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ َ َ َ ِ وﺳﻘﻄﺖ ﻣﻦ ِ ﻣﺤﻞ اﻟﻌﻄّ ِ ﻟﻠﺮ ِ ْ َ ﱡ وﻧﻜﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺘﺮﻛﮭﺎ اﻟﺼّﺮة، وﻗﻌﺖ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﻋﯿﻨﺎ ﻋﻘﺒﯿﮫ وﻣﻀﻰ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻷزﻗِّﺔ ﻣﻮﻟﯿًّﺎ ،وﻋﻨﺪھﺎ َ ِ َ ﻓﺄﺧﺬھﺎ واﺣﺘﻔﻆ ﺑﮭﺎ ً ﻋﯿﻮن اﻷﺷﺮار .وﻗﺪ رآﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ ّ أدور وﻗﺪ ﻮق وأﻧﺎ ﺑﻌﯿﺪا ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﻄّﺎر، ُ ِ اﻟﺴ ِ ﺑﻌﺪ أن ﻋﻤﺎ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ ،ﻓﺄﺧﺬﺗُﮭﺎ ﻣﻨﮫُ ﺧﺎب ظﻨّﻲ ،وﺑﺪا ﻟﻠﻨّﺎس ُﺣﺰﻧﻲ .ﻓﺄﻋﻄﺎﻧﻲ إﯾﺎھﺎ َ َ اﺳﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﻨّﻲ ّ َ ُ ُ ّ اﻹﺣﺴﺎن ّ وﻣﻀﯿﺖ أﻧﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮف، ﻒ ﺟﻞ ﺗﺬﻛﺮت ﺷﺎﻛﺮا ﻟﮫُ أﻣﺎﻧﺘَﮫُ وإﺣﺴﺎﻧَﮫ .وﺣﯿﻨَﮭﺎ ﱢ ً َ اﻟﻤﺘﻠﺤ ِ ﻟﻠﺮ ِ ﻟﻨﺄﻛﻞ ﻋﻨﺪ دﺟﻠﺔ ّ اﻟﻤﺴﻘﻮف. ﻣﺴﺮورﯾﻦ وﺻﺎﺣﺒﻲ اﻟﺴ َ َ َ ﻤﻚ َ (1) Carefully read the text, then discuss how the idioms are used to convey the meaning. (2) Translate the text into English, making sure that your final translation reads like authentic English and reproduces the content and style of the text. (3) Express what you understand in Arabic by using the idioms appearing in the text. Ensure to use all the idioms from the text correctly. (4) Choose the correct idioms to fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences. 1 ﻣﺎ اﻟﺬي ﯾﺠﻌﻞ ﻓﺘﺎة ﻧﺎﺟﺤﺔ ___________ ﺗُﻘﺪم ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎر ﺑﮭﺬه اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ؟ أ ﻓﻲ ﻣﮭﺐ اﻟﺮﯾﺢ ب ﻓﻲ ﻟﻤﺢ اﻟﺒﺼﺮ ج ﻓﻲ رﯾﻌﺎن اﻟﺸﺒﺎب 2 ﻓﻲ ظﻞ اﻷزﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﯿﺸﯿﺔ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﯿﺔ أﺻﺒﺢ رب اﻷﺳﺮة ً ﻋﺎﺟﺰا ﻋﻦ ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ ___________. أ ﻗﻮت ﯾﻮﻣﮫ ب اﻟﮭﺮج واﻟﻤﺮج ج ﻓﻲ ﻣﻘﺘﺒﻞ ﻋﻤﺮه 3 وﻟﺠﺄت اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎت __________ إﻟﻰ إدﺧﺎل إﺻﻼﺣﺎت ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ ﺗﺤﺴﯿﻦ اﻟﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﯿﺸﻲ ﻟﻸﺳﺮ اﻟﻔﻘﯿﺮة. أ ﻓﻲ رﯾﻌﺎن اﻟﺸﺒﺎب ب ﻓﻲ ﻣﻘﺘﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﻤﺮ ج ﻓﻲ ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﺎف 4 وﻣﺎ إن ﺳﻤﻊ اﻟﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﺻﻮت ﺻﺎﻓﺮة اﻹﻧﺬار ﺣﺘﻰ __________ ھﺎرﺑًﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺮح اﻟﺠﺮﯾﻤﺔ. أ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻤﺢ اﻟﺒﺼﺮ ب أطﻠﻖ ﺳﺎﻗﯿﮫ ﻟﻠﺮﯾﺢ ج ﻓﻲ ﻣﮭﺐ اﻟﺮﯾﺢ 363 The practice exercises 5 أﺻﺒﺢ اﻟﻮﺿﻊ اﻷﻣﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻠﺪ __________ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﺪاﻋﯿﺎت اﻻﺿﻄﺮاﺑﺎت اﻟﺤﺎﺻﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ. أ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻘﺘﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﻤﺮ ب ﻓﻲ ﻣﮭﺐ اﻟﺮﯾﺢ ج ﻓﻲ رﯾﻌﺎن اﻟﺸﺒﺎب 6 ﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﺸﺒﺎب _________ أﻗﻞ ً ﻣﯿﻼ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻤﺎع ﻟﻸﺧﺒﺎر اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺳﯿﺔ وﻟﻸﻏﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻄﺮﺑﯿﺔ اﻟﻘﺪﯾﻤﺔ. أ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻤﺢ اﻟﺒﺼﺮ ب ﻓﻲ ﻣﮭﺐ اﻟﺮﯾﺢ ج ﻓﻲ ﻣﻘﺘﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﻤﺮ 7 اﻧﻄﻠﻖ اﻟﺼﺎروخ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ھﺎﺋﻠﺔ واﺧﺘﻔﻰ ﺧﻠﻒ اﻟﺴﺤﺐ ______________. أ ﻓﻲ ﻣﮭﺐ اﻟﺮﯾﺢ ب ﻓﻲ ﻟﻤﺢ اﻟﺒﺼﺮ ج ﻓﻲ ﻣﻘﺘﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﻤﺮ 8 ﻧﺸﺄت اﻟﺤﻀﺎرات اﻟﻘﺪﯾﻤﺔ وﺗﻄﻮرت ﻣﻨﺬ ________ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻔﺎف اﻷﻧﮭﺎر. أ ﻏﺎﺑﺮ اﻟﺰﻣﺎن ب اﻟﮭﺮج واﻟﻤﺮج ج وﻗﻌﺖ ﻋﯿﻨﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ 9 وﺳﺎدت ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ____________ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺠﺒﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻄﺎر ﺻﺒﺎح اﻟﯿﻮم ﻟﺪى وﺻﻮل اﻟﻤﻄﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﺸﮭﯿﺮة. أ ﻗﻮت اﻟﯿﻮم ب ﻏﺎﺑﺮ اﻟﺰﻣﺎن ج اﻟﮭﺮج واﻟﻤﺮج 10ﺣﺎول اﻟﺠﯿﺶ اﺣﺘﻼل اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ وﻟﻜﻨﮫ __________ ﺑﻌﺪ أن واﺟﮭﺘﮫ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﺷﺪﯾﺪة. أ وﻗﻌﺖ ﻋﯿﻨﺎه ﻋﻠﻰ ب ﻧﻜﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻘﺒﯿﮫ ج ﻓﻲ ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﺎف 11ﻟﻘﺪ __________ ﺑﺈﻧﺘﺎﺟﻚ اﻷدﺑﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﺘﺮة اﻷﺧﯿﺮة ﻓﻘﺪ أ ﻧﻜﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻘﺒﯿﮫ ب ھﺮج وﻣﺮج اﻧﺨﻔﺾ ﻣﺴﺘﻮاه ﻋﻤﺎ اﻋﺘﺪت أن أﻗﺮأ ﻟﻚ. ج ﺧﺎب ظﻨﻲ ______________ 12اﻟﻌﻘﺪ اﻟﺬي ﻓﻲ رﻗﺒﺘﮭﺎ وﺗﺬﻛﺮ أﻧﮫ اﺷﺘﺮى ﻟﮭﺎ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺬﻛﺮى اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﻟﺰواﺟﮭﻤﺎ. أ وﻗﻌﺖ ﻋﯿﻨﺎه ﻋﻠﻰ ب ﻧﻜﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻘﺒﯿﮫ ج ﺧﺎب ظﻨﮫ 364 اﻟﻤﻘﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻘﻮﻓﯿّﺔ (5) Translate the following sentences into Arabic. Translate the words in bold into one of the idioms of this unit. 1 Seriously, it can happen in a blink of an eye. 2 The runner eventually reached the marathon end line. 3 When his credit card was declined, he hurried away with the packet without paying. 4 They were both still young and beautiful, and life was ahead of them. 5 In all the paintings, the queen was depicted in the prime of youth. 6 The future of the newspaper could be at stake. 7 The winter solstice has marked the start of winter since ancient times. 8 As the air-hostess moved, my eyes fell on the noisy toddler sitting in the aisle seat. 9 There was chaos at the baggage reclaim area as several flights arrived at the same time. 10 If they are expecting a major improvement, then they will be sorely disappointed. 11 When he realised how far out on a limb he was, he had to backtrack. 12 Many workers in this area are struggling for their daily livelihood. (6) Use the idioms of this unit in sentences of your own. This practice exercise covers the following Arabic idioms: اﻟﮭﺮج واﻟﻤﺮج ﻧﻜﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻘﺒﯿﮫ ﻓﻲ ﻣﮭﺐ اﻟﺮﯾﺢ أﻣﻠﮫ/ ﺧﺎب ظﻨﮫ ﻏﺎﺑﺮ اﻟﺰﻣﺎن أطﻠﻖ ﺳﺎﻗﯿﮫ ﻟﻠﺮﯾﺢ ﻓﻲ رﯾﻌﺎن اﻟﺸﺒﺎب ﻓﻲ ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﺎف ﻓﻲ ﻟﻤﺢ اﻟﺒﺼﺮ ﻗﻮت ﯾﻮﻣﮫ وﻗﻌﺖ ﻋﯿﻨﺎه ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻘﺘﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﻤﺮ 365 ﺷﺠﺐ واﺳﺘﻨﻜﺎر 28 ُ وﯾﺸﺠﺐ ّ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘّ ّ اﻻﻋﺘﺪاء اﻟﺬي ّ ﺑﺸﺪٍة ﻟﺤﻘﻮق اﻹﻧﺴﺎن ﺤﺪي ﯾﺴﺘﻨﻜُﺮ ُ ض ﻟﮫُ ُ ﺗﻌﺮ َ ِ ﻣﺪﯾﺮهُ َ ِ ْ اﻷﻧﻈﺎر ﻓﻲ ﺳﯿّ ﺎرات ﺗﻮارت ﻋﻦ ﻤﯿﻦ ﯾﺪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﺜﱠ َ ٍ ٍ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﻧﺼﺮ اﻷﺛﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ِ ِ ّ ﻨﺢ اﻟﻈّﻼم .وﻣﻊ ﺗﻤﻨﯿﺎﺗِﻨﺎ ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻲ ّ ُ ﯾﺮﻗﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﺟﻞ وھﻮ ﻔﺎء اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﺑﺎﻟﺸ ِ ِ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﯿٍّﺔ ﻓﻲ ُﺟ ِ َ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰّ ، َ ﺤﻤ ُﻞ ﱡ ﺳﻼﻣﺔ ﺑﻀﻤﺎن ﺣﺪث وﯾُﻄﺎﻟﺒُﮭﺎ ﻠﻄﺎت اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﯿّﺔ ﻣﺴﺆوﻟﯿّﺔَ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺴ ﻓﺈن اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﯾُ ّ ِ ِ ِ أﺻﺪرﺗﮫُ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔُ وﻛﻞ اﻟﻨّ ﺣﻘﻮق اﻹﻧﺴﺎنّ . ﻣﻌﺎﻟﻲ ّ ّ اﻟﺒﯿﺎن اﻟﺬي إن ﻣﺠﺎل ﺎﺷﻄﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر َ َ َ ِ ِ اﻻﻋﺘﺪاء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﻲ ّ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﻻ ﯾ ّ ّ ﻟﺤﺎدث ﺣﻮل ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺘِﮭﺎ ﺣﺒﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺠﺮد ﯾﻜﻮن ّإﻻ ُﻌﺪ أن َ َ ِ ِ ٍ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﮭﺎ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺤﺎدث .إذ ّ اﻻﻋﺘﺪاء ﯾ ُ اﻋﺘﺪاءات ُﻌﯿﺪ إﻟﻰ اﻷذھﺎن إن ٍ ﺄي ِ َ ورق ،وﻣﺤﺎوﻟﺔ ﻣﻨﮭﺎ ﻟﻠﻨّ ِ ْ ُ ﻣﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔً ﱢ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺎت ﯾﻨﺘﻘﺪون أﺷﺨﺎص ﻛﺎﻧﻮا ﺑﺤﻖ أﺛﺒﺘﺖ ﺑﺘﻘﺎرﯾﺮه اﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻧﺎ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ وﻗﺪ وﺛّﻘَﮭﺎ َ ِ ِ ِ ٍ ﺗﻮر َ ُ ﱡ اﻻﻋﺘﺪاءات ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺔً ﺗﺘﺒﻨّﺎھﺎ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺗﺘﺤﯿّﻦ َﻌﻜﺲ ھﺬه ﺗﻠﻚ اﻻﻋﺘﺪاءات ،وﺗ ُ ط اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ َ ﻹﺳﻜﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﺎرﺿﯿﻦ. اﻟﻔﺮص َ ِ ﻣﻮﻗﻒ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﻲ ّ ّ ُ َ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر اﻷﺛﻠﻲ اﻟﺬي رﻓﺾ ﻓﯿﮫ ﯾﺘﺰاﻣﻦ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺤﺎدث ﺗﻮﻗﯿﺖ إن َ ِ ِ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪ ﺟﻤﻠﺔً ً ُ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ّ ﻣﻮﻗﻒ ّ وﺗﻔﺼﯿﻼ .وﯾ ُ ﺑﺄن اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔَ ﺗﺴﻌﻰ ﺗﺄﻛﯿﺪ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ ُﻌﯿﺪ اﻟﻤﻄﺒﻮﻋﺎت َ ِ ِ ِ اﻟﻘﺎدﻣﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺘّ ّ ﺑﻜﻞ اﻟﻘﻠﯿﻠﺔ ﺧﻼل اﻷﯾ ِّﺎم اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ ﺳﯿﺪﺧﻞ ﺣﯿّﺰ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﺬي ﻓﺮض ﺧﻼل ﻣﻦ ُ ﺤﻜِﻢ ﱢ َ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ْ اﻧﺘﻘﺎدات ﻗﺪ ﺗُ ﱠ وﻣﻨﻊ أﯾِّﺔ ﻧﺸﺮهُ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻼد، ﻗﻤﻌﺎ ﻟﺤﺮﯾِّﺔ ﺑﺎﺗﺖ ﻮﺟﮫُ ﻟﺴﯿﺎﺳﺎﺗِﮭﺎ اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﺘﻢ ُ أﻛﺜﺮ ً ٍ َ ﻣﺎ ﱡ ِ ﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ ّ ﺑﻌﺪ ﯾﻮم. ﯾﻮﻣﺎ َ اﻟﺮأي ً اﻟﺘّ ِ ﻟﺐ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔَ ُ ئ ﺎن وﻻ ﺑﺴﺤﺐ ھﺬا اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮِن اﻟﺬي إﻧّﻨﺎ ﻧُﻄﺎ ُ ﯾﻨﺘﮭﻚ ﺣﻘﻮ َ ِ ُ ﯾﻨﺴﺠﻢ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺒﺎد ِ ق اﻹﻧﺴ ِ ُ ﺎت اﻟﻌﺎّﻣﺔَ واﻟّﺸﺨﺼﯿّﺔَ ،وﻣﻨﮭﺎ ﺣﺮﯾّﺔُ ا ّ ﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ اّﻟﺪﺳﺘﻮر اﻟﺬي ﻟﺼﺤﺎ ِ ﯾﻀﻤﻦ اﻟﺤﺮﯾّ ِ ﻓﺔ واﻟﺘّ ِ ﯾﺔ ﻟﮭﻢّ . ﺷﻄﯿﻦ واﻟ ّ ا ّ إن ق اﻷذى ﺑﺎﻟﻨّﺎ ﻟﺮأي .ﻛﻤﺎ ﻧﻄﺎ ُ ﺼﺤﻔﯿ َ َ ﻓﯿﺮ اﻟﺤﻤﺎ ِ ﻟﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﻗّ ِ ﻒ ﻋﻦ إﻟﺤﺎ ِ ّﯿﻦ وﺑﺘﻮ ِ ﻛﻞ اﻷﺧﻀَﺮ واﻟﯿﺎﺑﺲ. ﻟﻐﻀﺐ ﻼق اﻟﻌﻨﺎِن ﺷﻌﺒﻲ ﻗﺪ ﯾﺄ ُ ت ﺳﯿﻌﻨﻲ إط َ ٍ اﻻﺳﺘﻤ َ ﺮار ﻓﻲ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﻤﺎرﺳﺎ ِ ﱟ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺘّ ّ ّ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن إذ ﱡ ُ َ ﺗﺼﺎﻋِﺪ اﻟﺘّ ّ ﮭﺎت اﻻﺳﺘﺒﺪادﯾ ِّﺔ اﻟﺨﻄﺮ ﻣﻊ ﻧﺎﻗﻮس ﯾﺪق ﻟﺤﻘﻮق ﺤﺪي إن َ ﻮﺟ ِ ِ ِ ِ ﺣﻘﻮق اﻻﻧﺴﺎن ﻓﺈﻧّﮫ ّ َ ﺑﻜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ﯾﺆﻛﺪ أﻧّﮫُ ﺳﯿﺒﻘﻰ اﻧﺘﮭﺎﻛﺎت ﺗﺰاﯾﺪ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ وﻣﻊ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰم ،ﱢ ِ ِ ِ ِ ﻣﻮاﺟﮭﺔ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺘّ ّ ﮭﺎت واﻻﻧﺘﮭﺎﻛﺎت. اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ،ﻓﻲ ﻮﺟ ِ ِ ِ DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-59 366 ﺷﺠﺐ واﺳﺘﻨﻜﺎر (1) Carefully read the text, then discuss how the idioms are used to convey the meaning. (2) Translate the text into English, making sure that your final translation reads like authentic English and reproduces the content and style of the text. (3) Express what you understand in Arabic by using the idioms appearing in the text. Ensure to use all the idioms from the text correctly. (4) Choose the correct idioms to fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences. وﻗﺪ ﺻﺎدق اﻟﺒﺮﻟﻤﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺳـﺘــ أ دﺧﻞ ﺣﯿﺰ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ ب ﺗﻮارى ﻋﻦ اﻷﻧﻈﺎر ج ﺗﺤﯿﻦ اﻟﻔﺮص ﻻﺣﻆ اﻷطﺒﺎء ﺗﺰاﯾﺪ أﻋﺪاد اﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺠﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺮض ﻣﻤﺎ دﻓﻌﮭﻢ إﻟﻰ ________ ﻣﺤﺬرﯾﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻔﺸﯿﮫ. أ ﺣﺒﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ورق ب أﻛﻞ اﻷﺧﻀﺮ واﻟﯿﺎﺑﺲ ج دق ﻧﺎﻗﻮس اﻟﺨﻄﺮ 3 ﻟﻘﺪ _______ ﺣﻀﻮر أي ﺻﺎﻟﻮن أدﺑﻲ إذ إﻧﻨﻲ ﻟﻢ أﻋﺪ أﺟﺪ ھﺬه اﻟﺼﺎﻟﻮﻧﺎت ﺗﺮﻗﻰ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﺬي ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ. أ ﺗﻮارﯾﺖ ﻋﻦ اﻷﻧﻈﺎر ب أطﻠﻘﺖ اﻟﻌﻨﺎن ج ﻧﺄﯾﺖ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﻋﻦ 4 ﻗﺮرت اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺗﻄﻮﯾﺮ اﻟﺨﻄﻂ واﻻﺳﺘﺮاﺗﯿﺠﯿﺎت أ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﺣﯿﺰ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ ب ﺑﻤﺎ ﯾﻨﺴﺠﻢ ﻣﻊ ج ﺟﻤﻠﺔً وﺗﻔﺼﯿﻼ 5 إن ﺳﻮء اﻹدارة ﻗﺪ _______ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎت اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﯿﺔ. أ ﺗﻮارى ﻋﻦ اﻷﻧﻈﺎر ب ﻧﺄى ﺑﻨﻔﺴﮫ ﻋﻨﮫ ج أﻛﻞ اﻷﺧﻀﺮ واﻟﯿﺎﺑﺲ 6 وﺑﻌﺪ ﻛﻞ ھﺬه اﻟﺴﻨﻮات اﻛﺘﺸﻒ أن ﺑﻮﻟﯿﺼﺔ اﻟﺘﺄﻣﯿﻦ ﻻ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﻟﮫ أي ﻧﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ وأﻧﮭﺎ ﻣﺠﺮد _______. أ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ وﺗﻔﺼﯿﻼ ب ﺣﺒﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ورق ج ﺑﻜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ 1 ________ ﺑﻌﺪ أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺷﮭﺮﯾﻦ. 2 اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﯿﺔ __________ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﻘﺎدﻣﺔ. 367 The practice exercises 7 ﻛﺎن اﻟﺸﺎب اﻟﻨﺰق ______ ﻛﻲ ﯾُﺴﻤﻊ اﻟﻔﺘﺎة ﻏﺰﻟﮫ. أ ﯾﺘﺤﯿﻦ اﻟﻔﺮص ب ﯾﺪﺧﻞ ﺣﯿﺰ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ ج ﺟﻤﻠﺔ وﺗﻔﺼﯿﻼ 8 اﺳﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻔﻨﺎن أﻋﻮاد اﻟﻜﺒﺮﯾﺖ واﻟﻨﺎر ﻓﻲ رﺳﻢ ﻟﻮﺣﺎﺗﮫ وﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺬھﻠﺔ __________. أ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ اﻟﻌﺰم ب ﺑﻜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ج ﺣﺒﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ورق 9 وﻗﺪ ﺗﻤﺖ ھﺬه اﻟﺼﻔﻘﺎت اﻟﻤﺸﺒﻮھﺔ ﻓﻲ _________ وﺗﺤﺖ أﺳﺘﺎر اﻟﻠﯿﻞ. أ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ وﺗﻔﺼﯿﻼ ب ﺣﺒﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ورق ج ﺟﻨﺢ اﻟﻈﻼم 10اﻧﺘﺸﺮت ﺷﺎﺋﻌﺎت ﺣﻮل ﺻﺤﺔ اﻟﺰﻋﯿﻢ إﺛﺮ اﺧﺘﻔﺎﺋﮫ أ أطﻠﻖ اﻟﻌﻨﺎن ﻟﮫ ﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ أﺳﺎﺑﯿﻊ ،ﻓﻘﺪ ___________ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺗﺮؤﺳﮫ ب ﻧﺄى ﺑﻨﻔﺴﮫ ﻋﻨﮫ ج ﺗﻮارى ﻋﻦ اﻷﻧﻈﺎر اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎع اﻟﻮزاري ﻓﻲ ﻣﻄﻠﻊ اﻟﺸﮭﺮ اﻟﺠﺎري. 11ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺜﻤﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻷﺳﮭﻢ ______ وﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ اﻟﺒﺎل. أ ﺑﻜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ب ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰم ج ﺟﻤﻠﺔ وﺗﻔﺼﯿﻼ 12ﺳﯿﺪي اﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ،أﻧﺎ أرﻓﺾ ﻛﻞ اﻟﺘﮭﻢ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﮭﺔ ﻟﻲ أ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻨﺢ اﻟﻈﻼم ب ﺑﻤﺎ ﯾﻨﺴﺠﻢ ﻣﻌﻚ ج ﺟﻤﻠﺔ وﺗﻔﺼﯿﻼ 13ھﻞ ﺗﻌﺘﻘﺪﯾﻦ أﻧﮫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺢ أن ________ ﻷوﻻدك ﻟﯿﻔﻌﻠﻮا ﻣﺎ ﯾﺤﻠﻮ ﻟﮭﻢ دون ﻗﯿﺪ أو ﺷﺮط؟ أ ﺗﻨﺄي ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻚ ﻋﻦ ب ﺗﻄﻠﻘﻲ اﻟﻌﻨﺎن ج ﺗﺘﺤﯿﻨﻲ اﻟﻔﺮص ________. (5) Translate the following sentences into Arabic. Translate the words in bold into one of the idioms of this unit. 1 The dividend will be maintained, with plans to increase it in line with inflation next year. 368 ﺷﺠﺐ واﺳﺘﻨﻜﺎر 2 She was a beautiful lady and creative in every sense of the word. 3 Weight loss and trouble swallowing must raise the alarm of possible cancer symptoms. 4 The writer unleashed his gift for satire to create a masterpiece. 5 My son had feelings for his colleague, which he admitted to but has now totally denied. 6 The regulations for road safety came into force on 24 September last year. 7 Investors are waiting for opportunities to buy these bonds and stocks. 8 The ministry’s report against corruption is nothing but empty words. 9 The group remains resolute in their fight against social injustice. 10 It is so sad that excessive greed obliterated everything in this beautiful land. 11 We heard that the institute has distanced itself from supporting the union’s report. 12 The on-duty police patrol gave chase, but the thief went out of sight. 13 The salary range for senior members has been increased in a decision taken behind closed doors. (6) Use the idioms of this unit in sentences of your own. This practice exercise covers the following Arabic idioms: ﺗﺤﯿّﻦ اﻟﻔﺮص دﺧﻞ ﺣﯿﺰ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ أﻛﻞ اﻷﺧﻀﺮ واﻟﯿﺎﺑﺲ ّ د ق ﻧﺎﻗﻮس اﻟﺨﻄﺮ ﺟﻨﺢ اﻟﻈﻼم ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰم ِأطﻠﻖ اﻟﻌﻨﺎن ﻟـ ﺣﺒﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ورق ﺗﻮارى ﻋﻦ اﻷﻧﻈﺎر ﺑﻤﺎ ﯾﻨﺴﺠﻢ ﻣﻊ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ وﺗﻔﺼﯿﻼ ﻧﺄى ﺑﻨﻔﺴﮫ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ 369 ﻗﺮار ﻣﺤﻜﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻤﯿﯿﺰ 29 اﻟﻘﺮار :ﻟﺪى اﻟﺘّﺪﻗﯿﻖ واﻟﻤﺪاوﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﮭﯿﺌﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﯿﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﻜﻤﺔ اﻟﺘّﻤﯿﯿﺰ ُوﺟﺪ ّ إن اﻟﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ اﻟﺠﻨﺎﺋﯿّﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰﯾّﺔ ّ ﻗﺮرت ﺑﺘﺎرﯾﺦ 2009/1/31ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪﻋﻮى اﻟﻤﺮﻗّﻤﺔ /205ج 2008/إداﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺘّﮭﻢ )ت( وﻓﻖ أﺣﻜﺎم ﻗﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺎت وﺣﻜﻤﺖ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﺑﻌﻘﻮﺑﺔ اﻹﻋﺪام ﺷﻨﻘًﺎ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻟﻤﻮت ،وﻟﺪى إﻣﻌﺎن اﻟﻨّﻈﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪﻋﻮى وﻣﺎ أظﮭﺮﺗﮫ وﻗﺎﺋﻌﮭﺎ ﺗﺒﯿّﻦ أن اﻟﻤﺘّﮭﻢ )ت( وﺑﺘﺎرﯾﺦ 2008/6/3ﻗﺪ ﺳﺎﻓﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﯾﺘﮫ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ وأﻗﺪم ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺘﻞ اﻟﻤﺠﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ )س( ﻓﻲ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻋﻤﻠﮫ. وﻟﺪى اﻟﻘﺒﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺘّﮭﻢ )ت( اﻋﺘﺮف أﻣﺎم اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺄﻧّﮫ ﻗﺎم ﺑﻘﺘﻞ اﻟﻤﺠﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ )س( ﺑﻌﺪ أن ﻋﻘﺪ اﻟﻌﺰم ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺘﻠﮫ ،وﻗﺪ ﺧﻄّﻂ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ ﺟﺮﯾﻤﺘﮫ ﻟﻔﺘﺮة طﻮﯾﻠﺔ .وذﻛﺮ اﻟﻤﺘّﮭﻢ أن اﻟﺒﺎﻋﺚ ﻋﻠﻰ ارﺗﻜﺎب ﺟﺮﯾﻤﺘﮫ ھﻮ اﻟﺜﺄر ﻟﻤﻘﺘﻞ واﻟﺪه ﻋﻠﻰ ﯾﺪ )س( .إذ ّ إن ﺧﻼﻓًﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻧﺸﺄ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺗﻄﻮر واﻟﺪ اﻟﻤﺘّﮭﻢ و)س( ﺑﺴﺒﺐ رﻓﺾ اﻟﻮاﻟﺪ ﺗﺰوﯾﺞ اﺑﻨﺘﮫ ﻟـ )س( ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺳﻮء أﺧﻼﻗﮫ .وﻗﺪ ّ ﺛﺮا اﻟﺨﻼف ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ أن اﺣﺘﺮق ﺑﯿﺖ اﻟﻘﺼﺐ اﻟﺬي ﻛﺎن ﯾﺴﻜﻦ ﻓﯿﮫ واﻟﺪ اﻟﻤﺘّﮭﻢ وأﺻﺒﺢ أ ً ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﯿﻦ ،ﺣﯿﺚ اﺗّ ِﮭﻢ )س( ﺑﺎﻓﺘﻌﺎل اﻟﺤﺮﯾﻖ .وﺑﻌﺪ أﺳﺒﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺮﯾﻖ ﺣﺼﻠﺖ ﻣﺸﺎّدة ﻛﻼﻣﯿّﺔ ﺗﺤﻮﻟﺖ إﻟﻰ ﺷﺠﺎر ،وﻗﺪ ّ ﺄم ﻋﯿﻨﯿﮫ )س( ﺑﯿﻦ واﻟﺪ اﻟﻤﺘﮭﻢ و)س( ّ ادﻋﻰ اﻟﻤﺘّﮭﻢ )ت( أﻧّﮫ رأى ﺑ ّ ﯾﻄﻌﻦ واﻟﺪه ﺑﺴﻜﯿﻦ وﯾﮭﺮب ﻣﺴﺮًﻋﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻜﺎن ،ﺣﯿﺚ ﺗﻮﻓﻲ اﻟﻮاﻟﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﺪة أﯾﺎم. وﺑﻌﺪ أن ﻗﺎﻣﺖ اﻟﻌﺸﯿﺮة ﺑﮭﺪر دم اﻟﻤﺠﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ )س( ،ﻓﻘﺪ ّ ﻗﺮر اﻟﻤﺘّﮭﻢ )ت( أن ﯾﻘﻮم ﺑﻨﻔﺴﮫ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎم ﻟﻤﻘﺘﻞ واﻟﺪه ﻣﮭﻤﺎ ﻛﻠّﻒ اﻷﻣﺮ .ﺣﯿﺚ اﻧﺸﻐﻞ طﻮال ﻋﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺘّﻤﺎم واﻟﻜﻤﺎل ﺑﺘﻌﻘّﺐ ﻣﺘﺠﻮًﻻ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮآب ﺑﺎﺋﻌﺎ أوًﻻ ﺑﺄول ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﮫ ،وﻗﺪ ﻋﻠﻢ أﻧﮫ ﯾﻌﻤﻞ ً ّ أﺣﻮال اﻟﻤﺠﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ّ ً ّ ﻗﺎﺻﺪا اﻟﻘﺘﻞ .وذﻛﺮ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰي ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ ،ﺣﯿﺚ ﺳﺎﻓﺮ اﻟﻤﺘّﮭﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﯾﺘﮫ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ اﻟﺒﺎﺻﺎت ّ وﺗﻮﺟﮫ إﻟﯿﮫ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮةً ،وﻣﻦ دون اﻟﻤﺘّﮭﻢ أﻧّﮫ ﺑﻌﺪ وﺻﻮﻟﮫ ﻣﺮآب اﻟﺒﺎﺻﺎت رﺻﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ إﻧﺬار اﻋﺘﻨﻘﮫ وطﻌﻨﮫ ﻓﻲ ﺧﺎﺻﺮﺗﮫ ﺑﺨﻨﺠﺮه ﻋﺪة طﻌﻨﺎت وأرداه ً ﻗﺘﯿﻼ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎل .وﻗﺪ ﺑﯿّﻦ اﻟﻤﺘّﮭﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻋﺘﺮاﻓﮫ أﻧّﮫ ﺻﻔّﻰ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﮫ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺠﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ّ واﻟﺴّﻦ ّ ّ ﺑﺎﻟﺴّﻦ وﻟﻮ وإن اﻟﻌﯿﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﯿﻦ ﺗﻢ إﻟﻘﺎء اﻟﻘﺒﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺘّﮭﻢ )ت( ﻣﺘﻠﺒ ًّﺴﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺮم اﻟﻤﺸﮭﻮد ﻓﻲ ﻣﻜﺎن اﻟﺤﺎدث. ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﯿﻦ .وﻗﺪ ّ DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-60 370 ﻗﺮار ﻣﺤﻜﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻤﯿﯿﺰ اﻟﻤﺪوﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺘّﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪ اﻋﺘﺮاف اﻟﻤﺘّﮭﻢ )ت( ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﯿﻞ اﻟﻮارد ﻓﻲ أﻗﻮاﻟﮫ ّ ﺑﺘﺎرﯾﺦ 2008/6/10وﺑﺤﻀﻮر ﻧﺎﺋﺐ ّ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺪب .وﻟﺪى إﻣﻌﺎن اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺪﻋﻲ اﻟﻌﺎم واﻟﻤﺤﺎﻣﻲ َ ّ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺼﻠﺔ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘًﺎ وﻣﺤﺎﻛﻤﺔً وھﻲ اﻋﺘﺮاف اﻟﻤﺘﮭﻢ )ت( أﻣﺎم اﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ وﻗﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺘﺤﻘﯿﻖ اﻷدﻟّﺔ اﻻدﻋﺎء اﻟﻌﺎم واﻟﻤﺤﺎﻣﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺪب وﺷﮭﺎدة وﻓﺎة اﻟﻤﺠﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺟﺎء ﻓﯿﮭﺎ ّ وﺑﺤﻀﻮر ّ أن ﺳﺒﺐ ﺣﺎدة ،وﺷﮭﺎدات ّ اﻟﻮﻓﺎة طﻌﻨﺎت ﻧﺎﻓﺬة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ آﻟﺔ ّ اﻟﺸﮭﻮد ،ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ّ ﻗﺮرت ﺗﺼﺪﯾﻖ ً ﻛﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻘﺮارات ّ ﺗﻌﺪﯾﻼ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺘﺪﻻل ﺑﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺎت ﻛﻮن اﻟﻤﺪان ﻟﻢ ﯾﺒﻠﻎ اﻟﺼﺎدرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪﻋﻮى ّ اﻟﻤﺆدﯾﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺟﺮﯾﻤﺔ اﻟﻘﺘﻞ، اﻟﻌﺸﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﺮ وﻗﺖ ارﺗﻜﺎب اﻟﺠﺮﯾﻤﺔ ،وﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﻈّﺮوف وﺗﺨﻔﯿﻒ اﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺔ إﻟﻰ ّ اﻟﺴﺠﻦ اﻟﻤﺆﺑّﺪ وﺻﺪر اﻟﻘﺮار ﺑﺎﻷﻛﺜﺮﯾّﺔ ﻓﻲ .2010/10/18 (1) Carefully read the text, then discuss how the idioms are used to convey the meaning. (2) Translate the text into English, making sure that your final translation reads like authentic English and reproduces the content and style of the text. (3) Express what you understand in Arabic by using the idioms appearing in the text. Ensure to use all the idioms from the text correctly. (4) Choose the correct idioms to fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences. 1 اﺳﺘﻤﺮ اﻟﺨﻂ اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻦ ﻟﻠﻮزارة ﺑﺘﻠﻘﻲ اﻟﺒﻼﻏﺎت واﻟﺸﻜﺎوى وإﺧﻄﺎر ﻏﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺎت ﺑﺂﺧﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺠﺪات ____________. أ ب ج دون ﺳﺎﺑﻖ إﻧﺬار ً أوﻻ ﺑﺄول ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺮم اﻟﻤﺸﮭﻮد 2 وﻛﺎن اﻹﻣﺒﺮاطﻮر ﻗﺪ ______ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺑﺪاﯾﺔ ﺣﻜﻤﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻦ اﻟﺤﺮب ﺿﺪ أﻋﺪاﺋﮫ. أ ب ج أرداه ً ﻗﺘﯿﻼ ﻋﻘﺪ اﻟﻌﺰم أھﺪرت دﻣﮫ 3 وأطﻠﻖ اﻟﻤﺘﮭﻢ رﺻﺎﺻﺘﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ اﻟﻤﺤﻞ ﻣﻤﺎ _______ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎل. أ ب ج ﻋﻘﺪ اﻟﻌﺰم أھﺪر دﻣﮫ أرداه ً ﻗﺘﯿﻼ 4 ﻟﻘﺪ اﺿﻄﺮ اﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاري ﻋﻦ اﻷﻧﻈﺎر ﺑﻌﺪ ﺻﺪور اﻟﻔﺘﻮى اﻟﺘﻲ _______. أ ب ج أردﺗﮫ ً ﻗﺘﯿﻼ ﺻﻔﺖ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﮭﺎ ﻣﻌﮫ أھﺪرت دﻣﮫ 371 The practice exercises 5 ﻋﺎﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﮭﺮ اﻟﻤﻘﺒﻞ ﺳﺄﻛﻮن ﻗﺪ أﻛﻤﻠﺖ ﺧﻤﺴﯿﻦ ً ﻋﻤﺮي___________. أ ب ج دون ﺳﺎﺑﻖ إﻧﺬار ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻤﺎم واﻟﻜﻤﺎل ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺮم اﻟﻤﺸﮭﻮد 6 ﺗﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ أن ﺗﺮى ______ ﻛﯿﻒ ﺗﻐﯿﺮ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﯿﻖ اﻟﺘﺠﻤﯿﻞ وﺟﮫ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﺮأة. أ ب ج ﺑﺄم ﻋﯿﻨﯿﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺮم اﻟﻤﺸﮭﻮد أﺛﺮا ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﯿﻦ ً 7 ﺑﻘﺘﻠﮭﺎ ﻟﻠﺰﻋﯿﻢ اﻟﺮوﺣﻲ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ھﺬه اﻟﻀﺮﺑﺔ ﻗﺪ __________ ﻣﻊ أﺧﻄﺮ ﺟﻤﺎﻋﺔ. أ ب ج أھﺪرت دﻣﮫ أردﺗﮫ ً ﻗﺘﯿﻼ ﺻﻔﺖ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﮭﺎ 8 ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎل إن ﻗﺎﻧﻮن _______ ﯾﺤﻘﻖ اﻟﻌﺪاﻟﺔ؟ أ ب ج ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻤﺎم واﻟﻜﻤﺎل اﻟﻌﯿﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﯿﻦ واﻟﺴﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻦ دون ﺳﺎﺑﻖ إﻧﺬار 9 أ واطﻠﻊ اﻟﻮﻓﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت اﻟﺒﻨﺎء واﻹﻋﻤﺎر اﻟﺘﻲ ب ﺗﺸﮭﺪھﺎ اﻟﺒﻠﺪة اﻟﺘﻲ أﺻﺒﺤﺖ ________ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﮭﺠﻮم اﻟﺬي ﺗﻌﺮﺿﺖ ﻟﮫ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺪاﯾﺔ اﻟﻌﺎم اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ .ج أﺛﺮا ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﯿﻦ ً ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺮم اﻟﻤﺸﮭﻮد ﻋﺎﻗﺪة اﻟﻌﺰم 10 اﻗﺘﺤﻤﺖ ﻗﻮات ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ اﻟﺸﻐﺐ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻗﯿﺎدة اﻟﺘﻈﺎھﺮات _________ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮة ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎء اﻟﺨﻤﯿﺲ. أ ب ج ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺮم اﻟﻤﺸﮭﻮد دون ﺳﺎﺑﻖ إﻧﺬار ﺑﺄم ﻋﯿﻨﯿﮫ 11 ﺗﻢ إﻟﻘﺎء اﻟﻘﺒﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺎب ﻋﺸﺮﯾﻨﻲ إﺛﺮ ﺿﺒﻄﮫ ________ وھﻮ ﯾﺮوج ﻟﻤﻮاد ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻋﺔ. أ ب ج ً أوﻻ ﺑﺄول ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻤﺎم واﻟﻜﻤﺎل ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺮم اﻟﻤﺸﮭﻮد (5) Translate the following sentences into Arabic. Translate the words in bold into one of the idioms of this unit. 1 This employment is non-contractual and can be altered without warning. 372 ﻗﺮار ﻣﺤﻜﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻤﯿﯿﺰ 2 I saw frst-hand the difference one person can make in the lives of these children. 3 The building was left in ruins after it was targeted by four missiles. 4 The company is a whole ten years old. 5 The militia was used to settle accounts with political adversaries. 6 The firm seems set on moving the headquarters to another location. 7 A drug dealer has been jailed for three years after being caught red-handed. 8 We explicitly reject the notion of “an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.” 9 The detectives will keep us updated on the developments in the area. 10 The tribe forfeited the blood of the man who raped and killed one of their women. 11 The officer fatally shot and killed the kidnapper. (6) Use the idioms of this unit in sentences of your own. This practice exercise covers the following Arabic idioms: ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻤﺎم واﻟﻜﻤﺎل أھﺪر دﻣﮫ دون ﺳﺎﺑﻖ إﻧﺬار ﻋﻘﺪ اﻟﻌﺰم أﺛﺮًا ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﯿﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺮم اﻟﻤﺸﮭﻮد ﺻﻔﻰ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﮫ ﺑﺄم ﻋﯿﻨﯿﮫ أرداه ﻗﺘﯿﻼ ً أوﻻ ﺑﺄول اﻟﻌﯿﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﯿﻦ واﻟﺴﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻦ 373 ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ ﻣﻄﺮب ﻓﻲ زﻣﻦ اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ 30 وﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﺤﻆﱠ ّ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻔﻖ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻐﻤﻮر ﯾُﻐﻨّﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻔﻼت، ﻛﻤﻄﺮب ﺑﺪأ اﺑﺘﺴﻢ ﻟﮫُ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ اﺗّ َ ٍ ِ َ ٍ ﺑﯿﻊ ﻛﺎﺳﯿﺘﺎت أﻏﺎﻧﯿﮫ ،ﻣﻊ ّ أن ﺑﻌﺾ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻟﺘﺴﺠﯿﻞ أﻏﺎﻧﯿﮫ .وﻗﺪ إﻧﺘﺎج ﻓﻨّ ﱟﻲ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ َ َ ِ ِ ِ ٍ اﻟﻤﺎل ﻣﻦ ِ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ّ ُ ﻛﺎﺳﯿﺖ واﺣﺪ .ﻟﻢ ﺛﻤﻦ ﺑﯿﻊ ﻌﻄﯿﮫ ﺠﺤﻒ ﺣﻘﱠﮫُ ،وﯾُ ﺮﻛﺔ ﻛﺎن ﯾُ ﻋﺸﺮة ﻛﺎﺳﯿﺘﺎت َ ٍ َ َ ِ ِ اﻟﺸ ِ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ِ ﻨﺎء واﻟﻄّﺮب ﻓﺎﻟﺸﮭﺮةُ ﺼﺒﺢ ً ﯾﻌﺘﺮض ،ﻓﺎھﺘﻤﺎﻣﮫُ ﻛﺎن ﻣﻨﺼﺒًﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ أن ﯾُ َ اﻟﻐ ِ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ ِ ﻣﺸﮭﻮرا ﻓﻲ ِ ﻟﮭﺎ ﺛﻤﻨُﮭﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﯾُﻘﺎل. ﻣﺪﯾﺮ اﻹذاﻋﺔ ،وﺑﻌﺪ أﺳﺒﻮﻋﯿﻦ ﺣﻔﻞ ُ ُ ﺑﺪأ اﺳﻤﮫُ ٍ زﻓﺎف ﻛﺎن ﯾﺤﻀﺮهُ ﯾﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ أن ﻏﻨّﻰ ﻓﻲ ِ ﺗﻤﺮ ﻋﺪةُ ﺴﺠ ُﻞ أﻏﻨﯿﺘَﮫُ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺎدﺗﮫُ ﻟﻠﻨّﺠﻮﻣﯿّﺔ .ﻟﻢ ّ ﻧﻔﺴﮫُ ﻓﻲ اﺳﺘﻮدﯾﻮ اﻹذاﻋﺔ وھﻮ ﯾُ ّ أﺷﮭﺮ َ وﺟﺪ َ ٍ ّ اﻟﻤﺆﻛ ِﺪ ّ أن أﻏﻨﯿﺘَﮫُ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻷﻏﻨﯿﺔ .ﻣﻦ ﯾﻈﮭﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ وأﺻﺒﺢ ّإﻻ ُ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ اﻟﺘّﻠﻔﺰﯾﻮن وھﻮ ﯾُﻐﻨّﻲ َ َ ِ أﺻﺒﺢ ﻣﻄﺮﺑًﺎ ﻣﻌﺮوﻓًﺎ ﺐ اﻟﺠﻤﺎھﯿﺮ .وھﻜﺬا ﻓﻘﺪ ﻣﺪﯾﺮي أﻋﺠﺒﺖ ﻌﺠ ُ َ َ ِ اﻹذاﻋﺔ واﻟﺘّﻠﻔﺰﯾﻮن ﺳﺘُ ِ ﯾ ﱢ وﯾﺘﺰاﺣﻢ ﺎس أﻏﺎﻧﯿﮫ، ﻹﺣﯿﺎء ﺣﻔﻼﺗِﮭﻢ. دﻋﻮﺗﮫ اﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﻮن واﻷﻏﻨﯿﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ُﺮدُد اﻟﻨّ ُ َ ِ ِ ُ ُ ُ ُ ﻛﻞ ﯾﺰداد ،ﻓﻘﺪ واﻟﺸﮭﺮة رﺻﯿﺪهُ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻏﺎﻧﻲ وأﺻﺒﺢ اﻷﻣﻮر، رت ُ اﺷﺘﮭﺮ اﺳﻤﮫُ ﻓﻲ ﱢ ّ َ َ ﺗﻄﻮ ِ ﺑﻠﺒﻞ ﯾُ ّ ﯾﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺄﻧّﮫُ ٌ وطﻨﮫ ﺑﺄﻟﺤﺎن ﻐﺮ ُد ﺑﻠﺪهُ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺒُﻠﺪان ،وﻛﺎن ﻣﻜﺎن. ُ وأﺻﺒﺢ ﺻﻮﺗُﮫُ اﻟﻤﻤﯿﱠ ُﺰ ﯾُﻤﺜّ ُﻞ َ َ ِ ِ واﻧﺘﺸﺮت اﻟﻘﻨَ ُ ُ ﻮات اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﯿّﺔُ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺪﻣُﺞ، اﻟﻜﺎﺳﯿﺖ أﯾﻨﻤﺎ ذھﺐ .اﺧﺘﻔﻰ وظﮭﺮ اﻟﻘُ ُ َ ِ ﺮص ُ اﻟﻤ َ ﺗﻄﻮ ْ َ ﺳﺮﯾﻌﺔ أﻟﺤﺎن أﻟﺤﺎن ﻣﺤﻠﯿ ٍّﺔ وﺗﺮاﺛﯿٍّﺔ إﻟﻰ رت ﻣﻦ أﺣﺪث وﺗﻌﺮض ُ ﺗﺴﺘﻀﯿﻔُﮫُ أﻏﺎﻧﯿﮫ اﻟﺘﻲ ّ ٍ ِ ٍ ٍ اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ﻄﻮر ﻣﺮور ﻛﻞ ﻣﻜﺎن .وﻣﻊ ﺗُﺤﺎﻛﻲ اﻟﺘّﻐﯿ َّﺮ اﻟﺬي ﺣﺼﻞ ﻷذواق اﻟﻨﺎس ﻓﻲ ﱢ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ واﻟﺘّ ّ َ ّ ِ ِ ُ ُ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺤﻚ وھﻮ ﯾُ ُ ﯾﺴﺘﻐﺮق ﻛﺜﯿﺮا ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن ﯾﺰداد واﻟﻤﻄﺮﺑﯿﻦ ُﻮاة ﺸﺎھﺪ ﻛﺎن اﺳﻤﮫُ اﻧﺘﺸﺎراً . ً َ َ ِ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﮭ ِ أﻏﺎﻧﯿﮫ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﱡ ﯾﻤﺘﻠﺊ ﺗﺒﺜﮭﺎ اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﯿﺎت ،ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن ﯾﺘﻠﻌﺜﻤﻮن ﻛﻲ ﯾﻘﻠﺪوا اﻟﻤﺒﺘﺪﺋﯿﻦ وھﻢ ُ َ َ ِ ﻷن ّ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ّ ّ واﻟﺴﯿﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ُﺧﻄﺎه. ﺒﺎب ﻧﻔﺲ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺨﺮ ﻓﻲ ﯾﺤﺎوﻟﻮن َ َ اﻟﺸ َ ِ ﺗﻘﻠﯿﺪهُ ِ ِ ْ ْ ّ اﻟﺼ ُ أﻏﺎﻧﯿﮫ ﯾﺴﺘﻤﻌﻦ إﻟﻰ وھﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺠﺒﺎت ﺟﯿﻮب وأﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺻﻮرﺗُﮫُ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻒ، ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﻋﻨﮫُ ُ َ ِ ِ ِ ْ ُ اﻟﻤﻌﺠﺒﯿﻦ اﻵﻻف ﻣﻦ ﯾﺤﻀﺮھﺎ أﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﯿﺔً، أﻣﺎ ﺣﻔﻼﺗﮫُ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻋﺒﺮ ُ َ َ أﺣﺪث اﻷﺟﮭﺰةّ . ِ ُ ُ وﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﮫُ ﱠ ٌ زﻣﻦ وﺟﺎء ﯿﯿﻦ واﻹدارﯾﯿﻦ. طﺎﻗﻢ ﺪﯾﺮھﺎ ﻛﻞ واﻟﻤﻌﺠﺒﺎت، ﺟﮭﺪه ،وﯾُ ُ ﻛﺒﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻨّ َ ِ ٌ ِ َ DOI: 10.4324/9781003096665-61 374 ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ ﻣﻄﺮب ﻓﻲ زﻣﻦ اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ْ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ ھﻮادة ﺗﺼﻠُﮫُ ﺑﻼ اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﯾﺪ وﻋﺒﺮ واﻟﮭﺎﺗﻒ اﻟﻨّﻘﺎل، اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ُ ٍ َ ّ أﺻﺒﺤﺖ ِ ِ ِ ِ ﺑﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻟَُﻢ ﻛﻠﮫُﱡ زﻣﻦ اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ َ أﺻﻨﺎف اﻟﺒﺸﺮ .ﻓﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ واﻟﻜﺮاھﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻹﻋﺠﺎب رﺳﺎﺋﻞ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ أﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﻣﺘﺎﺣﺔً ْ ّ وﻛﺄن واﻟﺤﺪﯾﺜﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ اﻟﻘﺪﯾﻤﺔ أﻏﺎﻧﯿﮫ ﯾﺴﺘﻤﻊ إﻟﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻤّﺠﺎن .وﺑﺪا ﻟﮫُ ُ ِ ِ ِ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﯿﻊ َ ِ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﺄﻛﺜﺮ .وﻛﻲ ﻻ وإذاﻋﺎﺗﮫ ﺑﺤﻔﻼﺗﮫ اﻟﺤﻘﯿﻘﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟََﻢ ﯿﺼﺒﺢ اﻓﺘﺮاﺿﯿًﺎ َ َ ﱠ وﺗﻠﻔﺰﯾﻮﻧﺎﺗﮫ ﻗﺪ اﻧﺘﮭﻰ ﻟِ ِ ِ ِ ﻒ ﻋﻦ ّ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﺻﺪﻗﺎﺋﮫ وﺑﺪأ ﺑﻨﺼﯿﺤﺔ ﻛﺐ ﻓﻲ ھﺬا اﻟﻌﺎﻟَِﻢ ،ﻓﻘﺪ أﺧﺬ ﯾُﻘﺎل ﻋﻨﮫُ ﺑﺄﻧّﮫُ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺨﻠّ َ ِ ِ اﻟﺮ ِ ِ أﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﻗﻠﯿﻠﺔً ْ وﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﺘّ ﺣﻔﻼﺗﮫ اﻟﺘﻲ إﻋﻼﻧﺎت ﻋﻦ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ،اﻟﺘﻲ ﺻﺎر ﯾﻀﻊ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ ﻮاﺻﻞ ٍ ّ ِ ِ ِ ً ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ وﺑﻤﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻷزﯾﺎء، وﺻﻮرهُ ﺑﺎﻟﻄّﺒﻊ واﻟﺤﺪﯾﺜﺔ اﻟﻘﺪﯾﻤﺔ أﻏﺎﻧﯿﮫ وﻣﻘﺎطﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪا، َ َ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ّ ّ ﻣﻌﺮﺿﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن أرادھﺎ أن ﺒﺦ ﻛﻞ وﺗﻌﻠﯿﻘﺎﺗﮫ آراﺋﮫ ً ﺣﻮل ﱢ َ واﻟﺴﯿﺎﺳﺔَ . ٍ َ ِ ِ ﺷﻲء ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﯿﻘﻰ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻄ ِ ظﻦ ّ ﻟﺤﯿﺎﺗﮫ اﻟﻔﻨﯿ ِّﺔ وﻗﺪ ﱠ ُ اﻓﺘﺮاﺿﯿًّﺎ اﻟﺠﯿﻞ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪ. ﻣﺤﺒﻮب ﺳﯿﺰﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ أن ذﻟﻚ ﺷﻌﺒﯿﺘﮫ ،وﯾﺠﻌﻠﮫُ َ ِ ِ ِ ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ اﻟﺘّ ﺣﺼﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻢ ُ ٌ ٌ ﻮاﺻﻞ ﻣﺘﮭﻮر ﻓﻲ إﺣﺪى ﺷﺎب أطﻠﻖ اﻟﺤﺴﺒﺎن ،ﻓﻘﺪ وﻟﻜﻦ ﯾﻜﻦ ﻓﻲ ُ َ َ ِ ِ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ إﺷﺎﻋﺔً ّ اﻧﺘﺸﺮت أﯾﺎم ﺣﺘﻰ أﻏﺎﻧﯿﮫ ﺑﺄن ﺤﺲ وﺗُﺴﺒّ ُ ُ ﺗﺠﻠﺐ اﻟﻨّ َ ّ ِ ﻤﺾ ٌ ِ ﺐ اﻟﻜﺂﺑﺔ .وﻟﻢ ﺗَ ِ اﻹﺷﺎﻋﺔُ وأﺻﺒﺢ ھﻮ وأﻏﺎﻧﯿﮫ ﻣﺎدةً ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ واﻟﮭﺠﻮم ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﮭﺰاء اﻟﮭﺸﯿﻢ ﻛﺎﻟﻨﺎر ﻓﻲ َ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ اﻟﺘّ ﺣﺎول ْ ُﻘﺪُر ﱠ ﺟﻤﮭﻮر ﻻ ﯾ ﱢ ﯾﺘﻤﺎﻟﻚ أن ﻣﺸﺎﻋﺮ اﻟﻨّﺎس. ﯾﺤﺘﺮم اﻟﻔﻦ وﻻ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻮاﺻﻞ َ َ َ ّ ُ ِ ٍ ْ ً ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ اﻟﺘّ وﻟﻜﻦ اﻹﺷﺎﻋﺔَ ّ ﺑﺈﺷﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﺸﻐﻮﻻ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ وأﺻﺒﺢ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ، ﻮاﺻﻞ أﺷﻌﻠﺖ أﻋﺼﺎﺑَﮫُ، َ َ َ ّ ِ ُ أﻏﺎﻧﯿﮫ ّ اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺮاﺛِ ِﮫ اﻟﻔﻨّّﻲ. ﺑﺪل ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮات ﻠﺒﯿﺔ َ ِ اﻟﺴ ِ ِ ِ ْ ﺑﺄدب ّ اﻟﺤﻔﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻨﺎء ﻓﻲ ﺑﺄن ﺣﻀﻮرهُ ﻟﻢ ُ ٍ َ ﻟﻠﻐ ِ ِ ﯾﻌﺪ ﺿﺮورﯾًﺎ ِ وﺻﻠﺘﮫُ رﺳﺎﻟﺔٌ ﻧﺼﯿّﺔٌ ﺗُﺨﺒﺮهُ ﻛﺎن ﯾَﻨﻮي إﻗﺎﻣﺘَﮭﺎ ُ رأﯾﮫ ﺻﺤﻔﻲ ﯾﺴﺄﻟﮫُ ﻋﻦ ﺼﻞ ﺑﮫ زواج ﺑﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﮭﺎء أﺣﺪ ُ اﺑﻨﺘﮫ ،ﻓﯿﻤﺎ اﺗّ َ اﻟﻮَﺟ ِ ِ ﱞ ِ ِ ِ ﺷﻌﺮ ّ ﺑﺄن ﺟﺒﮭﺘﮫ ﺣﺰﯾﻨًﺎ ،ﻓﻘﺪ ﯾﺪهُ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﮭﺎﺗﻒ ﺟﺎﻧﺒًﺎ اﻹﺷﺎﻋﺔ وھﻮ ﯾﻀﺤﻚ .رﻣﻰ ﻓﻲ ووﺿﻊ َ َ َ َ ِ ِ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺑﻞ ﻓﻲ ھﺬا ّ اﻟﺤﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺪ اﺧﺘﻠﻂَ أﺟﻞ ّ ﺤﻚ ﯾﺴﺘﻤﻊ ھﻨﺎك َﻣﻦ ﯾﻌﺪ ُ ﻣﻦ ،وﻟﻢ ُ َ َ اﻟﻀ ِ ِ ِ ﻷﻏﺎﻧﯿﮫ ّإﻻ ِﻣﻦ ِ اﻟﺰ ِ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲّ ، ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ اﻟﺘّ اﻟﻘﺪﯾﻢ وﺷﻐَﻞ ﻮاﺻﻞ إﻏﻼق ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺎﺗِِﮫ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺎرع إﻟﻰ واﻻﺳﺘﮭﺰاء. ﻣﺴﺠﻠَﮫُ ﱢ َ ّ ِ َ ِ ِ ﻓﺒﻘﺎء ﱡ أﯾﺎم ﱡ ﮭﺮة إﻟﻰ ﻌﻮد إﻟﻰ اﻟﻘِّﻤﺔ، أﻏﻨﯿﺘﮫ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﻌﺎ إﻟﻰ ً ُ اﻟﺸ ِ اﻟﺼ ِ اﻟﻜﺎﺳﯿﺖ ُﻣ ِ ِ ِ ﺴﺘﺬﻛًﺮا َ إن ﻟﻢ ُ َ ﺻﻌﺐ اﻟﻤﻨﺎلْ ، اﻷﺑﺪ ٌ أﺿﻐﺎث أﺣﻼم. ﯾﻜﻦ أﻣﺮ ُ ِ (1) Carefully read the text, then discuss how the idioms are used to convey the meaning. (2) Translate the text into English, making sure that your final translation reads like authentic English and reproduces the content and style of the text. (3) Express what you understand in Arabic by using the idioms appearing in the text. Ensure to use all the idioms from the text correctly. 375 The practice exercises (4) Choose the correct idioms to fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences. أ ب ج أﺟﺤﻒ ﺑﺤﻘﮫ اﺳﺘﻐﺮق ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺤﻚ اﺑﺘﺴﻢ ﻟﮫ اﻟﺤﻆ 1 ﻋﺎش اﻟﻤﻤﺜﻞ اﻟﺸﺎب ﻓﻲ ﻓﻘﺮ ﻣﺪﻗﻊ ﻟﺴﻨﻮات إﻟﻰ أن ________ ﺻﺪﻓﺔ ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻘﻰ ﺑﻤﺨﺮج ﻣﻌﺮوف اﻧﺘﺸﻠﮫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻘﺮ ﻟﯿﺪﺧﻠﮫ إﻟﻰ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﺸﮭﺮة. 2 أ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻗﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﻮارد اﻟﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﻓﺈن اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ_______ اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﯿﺔ وﺣﺘﻰ اﻹﻗﻠﯿﻤﯿﺔ ،وﺳﺒﻘﺘﮭﺎ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ ب ج اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺎت ﻓﻲ دول اﻟﺠﻮار ﺑﺄﺷﻮاط. 3 أﺟﮭﺸﺖ اﻟﺴﯿﺪة ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻜﺎء وﻟﻢ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻊ أن _________ ﺣﯿﻦ ﺗﺬﻛﺮت أﺣﺪاث اﻟﻤﺠﺰرة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺣﺼﻠﺖ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺮﯾﺘﮭﺎ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺤﺮب اﻷھﻠﯿﺔ. أ ب ج ﺗﺴﯿﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻄﺎھﺎ ﺗﺘﻤﺎﻟﻚ أﻋﺼﺎﺑﮭﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﻐﺮق ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺤﻚ 4 إن ﻗﺼﺺ اﻟﺨﯿﺎل اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻟﯿﺴﺖ _______ ﺑﻞ ھﻲ ﺗﻮﻗﻌﺎت ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﯿﺔ ﺻﯿﻐﺖ ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ أدﺑﯿﺔ. أ ب ج أﺿﻐﺎث أﺣﻼم اﻟﻨﺎر ﻓﻲ اﻟﮭﺸﯿﻢ اﺳﺘﻐﺮاق ﻓﻲ اﻟﻀﺤﻚ 5 ﯾﺘﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﺨﺒﺮاء اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺳﯿﻮن أن _______ اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺲ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ إﺟﺮاء إﺻﻼﺣﺎت اﻗﺘﺼﺎدﯾﺔ وإﺣﺪاث ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﻓﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻟﺠﻮاﻧﺐ اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺳﯿﺔ. أ ب ج ﯾﺠﺤﻒ ﺣﻖ ﯾﺴﯿﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻄﻰ ﯾﻨﺼﺐ اھﺘﻤﺎم 6 ﺣﺎول أن ﻻ ﯾﻜﻮن ﻛﻞ ھﻤﻚ ھﻮ إﺳﻌﺎد اﻵﺧﺮﯾﻦ ﻹن إرﺿﺎء اﻟﻨﺎس ھﻲ ﻏﺎﯾﺔ _________. أ ب ج ﺻﻌﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺎل أﺿﻐﺎث أﺣﻼم ﺗﺠﺤﻒ ﺑﺤﻘﮭﻢ 7 إن اﻟﺤﺰب اﻟﯿﻤﯿﻨﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﻛﻢ ______ اﻟﯿﺴﺎر ﻓﻲ أﻏﻠﺐ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺎﺗﮫ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﯾﺔ. أ ب ج ﺗﺨﻠﻒ ﻋﻦ رﻛﺐ ﯾﺴﯿﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻄﻰ ﺗﻤﺎﻟﻚ أﻋﺼﺎﺑﮫ ﺳﺎرت ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻄﻰ ﺗﺨﻠﻔﺖ ﻋﻦ رﻛﺐ اﻧﺼﺐ اھﺘﻤﺎﻣﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ 376 ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ ﻣﻄﺮب ﻓﻲ زﻣﻦ اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ اﺑﺘﺴﻢ ﻟﮫ اﻟﺤﻆ ﺗﻤﺎﻟﻚ أﻋﺼﺎﺑﮫ اﺳﺘﻐﺮق ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺤﻚ أ ب ج ______ اﻟﺠﻤﮭﻮر ______ ﻟﺪى ﻣﺸﺎھﺪﺗﮫ ﻓﯿﻠﻢ .ﺗﺸﺎرﻟﻲ ﺗﺸﺎﺑﻠﻦ 8 ﺳﯿﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻄﻰ إﺟﺤﺎف ﺑﺤﻖ اﺳﺘﻐﺮاق ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺤﻚ أ ب ج إن طﺮد اﻟﻼﻋﺐ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﺤﯿﺰ اﻟﺤﻜﻢ .ھﻮ___________ ﻓﺮﯾﻘﮫ 9 ﺳﺮﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻄﻰ اﺑﺘﺴﻢ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺤﻆ اﺧﺘﻠﻂ اﻟﺤﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺑﻞ أ ب ج و _______ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻤﺆﺗﻤﺮ اﻟﺼﺤﻔﻲ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺣﺼﻞ .ﻋﺮاك ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺼﺤﻔﯿﯿﻦ 10 ﺻﻌﺐ اﻟﻤﻨﺎل اﻟﻨﺎر ﻓﻲ اﻟﮭﺸﯿﻢ أﺿﻐﺎث أﺣﻼم أ ب ج ،________ واﻧﺘﺸﺮ اﻟﻮﺑﺎء ﻓﻲ ﺑﻠﺪان اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﺣﯿﺚ اﻛﺘﻈﺖ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻔﯿﺎت ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪن اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﺑﺄﻋﺪاد ﻛﺒﯿﺮة .ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮﺿﻰ 11 (5) Translate the following sentences into Arabic. Translate the words in bold into one of the idioms of this unit. 1 Days later, fortune smiled on her when the manager rang to offer her a job. 2 I was struggling to keep my temper in check, when he smirked. 3 The man laughed like a drain when he saw his wife dressed up as a witch. 4 For people from lower classes, these kinds of jobs seem like unattainable dreams. 5 The new law is unfair towards younger employees. 6 Sadly, disinformation campaigns spread like wildfre on social media. 7 The yearly resolutions have once again become nothing but pipe dreams. 8 We are pinning our hopes on him to follow in the footsteps of his grandfather. 377 The practice exercises 9 The firm has focused its attention on developing unique services. 10 The moment the news broke out, everything got mixed up. 11 Housing development in this area has lagged behind that of the rest of the country. (6) Use the idioms of this unit in sentences of your own. This practice exercise covers the following Arabic idioms: اﺑﺘﺴﻢ ﻟﮫ اﻟﺤﻆ أﺿﻐﺎث أﺣﻼم اﺳﺘﻐﺮق ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺤﻚ 378 اﺧﺘﻠﻂ اﻟﺤﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺑﻞ ﺻﻌﺐ اﻟﻤﻨﺎل ﺗﺨﻠﻒ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺮﻛﺐ اﻟﻨﺎر ﻓﻲ اﻟﮭﺸﯿﻢ ﺗﻤﺎﻟﻚ أﻋﺼﺎﺑﮫ أﺟﺤﻒ ﺣﻘﮫ ﺳﺎر ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻄﻰ اﻧﺼﺐّ اھﺘﻤﺎﻣﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ
