IDIOMS

LET’S
LEARN!
51 Popular English Idioms
1. CRUNCH TIME: the period of time just before a project has to be completed and everyone has to work hard
 I’m not getting enough sleep these days. It’s crunch time at work.
2. LET YOUR FREAK FLAG FLY: to let others see your uniqueness
 My colleagues were surprised at the Christmas party- I let my freak flag fly and showed them a break
dance routine.
3. GET OUT OF HAND: when you lose control of things, they get out of hand
 The party got out of hand and the guests started to throw bottles at each other.
4. GET YOUR HEAD AROUND IT: to understand something
 I just can’t get my head around the fact that Joe is leaving us.
5. DIG IN YOUR HEELS / STICK TO YOUR GUNS: to refuse to compromise or change your mind
 My parents wanted me to give up writing, but I dug in my heels and went on to become a famous writer.
 My parents wanted me to give up writing, but I stuck to my guns and went on to become a famous writer.
6. POUND THE PAVEMENT: to walk the streets looking for a job
 I’d been pounding the pavement for months before I found a job in a fast food restaurant.
7. PULL A RABBIT OUT OF A HAT: to do something unexpected that may have seemed impossible
 I thought we were going bankrupt, but my partner pulled a rabbit out of his hat and we landed a major
contract.
8. LEAVE NO STONE UNTURNED: to do everything you can to achieve your goal
 I’ll leave no stone unturned until I find out who did this.
9. GET IT OUT OF YOUR SYSTEM: to do something you’ve wanted to do for a long time and don’t want to
postpone any longer
 I wasn’t sure how she was going to react, but I had to get it out of my system, so I told her I had found
another woman.
10. STEP UP YOUR GAME: to start performing better
 If you want to win this competition, you’ll have to step up your game
11. PULL YOURSELF TOGETHER: to calm down and behave normally
 I understand you’ve had a bad day, but pull yourself together and get on with your job, will you?
12. SHAPE UP OR SHIP OUT: either start performing better or leave
 This is the last time I’m telling you to arrive on time. Shape up or ship out.
13. CUT SOMEBODY SOME SLACK: to give somebody a break/ not to judge somebody severely
 I was extremely busy last week. Cut me some slack and I’ll finish the report by tomorrow morning.
14. BY THE SKIN OF YOUR TEETH: when you do something by the skin of your teeth, you only just succeed/
nearly fail
 I hadn’t studied much, but passed the test by the skin of my teeth.
15. ONCE IN A BLUE MOON: when something rarely ever happens
 We used to see him all the time, but now he just visits us once in a blue moon.
16. GO DOWN IN FLAMES: to end or fail suddenly and spectacularly
 She’d wanted to become Managing Director, but her career went down in flames when they found out
she’d been leaking information to our competitors.
17. TAR SOMEONE WITH THE SAME BRUSH: to believe that someone has the same bad qualities as others in a
group
 I don’t think much of that band, but the singer shouldn’t be tarred with the same brush. She’s got a
fantastic voice.
18. COME OUT SWINGING: to be confrontational and strongly defend yourself at the beginning of a debate
 Our local MP came out swinging against the current leadership and demanded that the government resign.
19. HANG IN THERE: wait and be patient
 I know you’d really like to call him, but I don’t think that’s the right thing to do now. Just hang in there and
he will call you.
20. SHOOT FROM THE HIP: to speak directly
 If you want to get on well with your boss, try not to shoot from the hip next time. You don’t want to offend
him, do you?
21. GO THE EXTRA MILE: to make a special effort/try very hard to achieve your goal
 If you want to become proficient in English, you’ll have to go the extra mile and start learning idioms.
 My English class was great, we learnt so much because our teacher was the best, she always went the extra
milefor us.
22. RUNNING ON FUMES: to continue to stay awake when feeling exhausted
 I’m sorry, but I’ve got to go home now. I haven’t slept for twenty hours and I’m running on fumes.
23. SOLD ME OUT: to snitch on someone, or let their secret out
 I asked you to keep it to yourself! I can’t believe you sold me out, I trusted you!
24. YOU SOLD ME (ON SOMETHING): you convinced me of something, because you were persuasive
 OK, you’ve sold me. I’ll go to the match with you.
25. BLEW ME AWAY: when something blows you away, you’re extremely impressed by it
 The exhibition just blew me away. I’d never seen so many beautiful paintings before.
26. BLOW SMOKE: to exaggerate or say things that aren’t true to make you seem better/ more knowledgeable
than in reality
 I’m not blowing smoke. I have honestly read War and Peace by Tolstoy.
27. CRY WOLF: to call for help when you don’t need it
 Do you think Peter is in trouble or is he just crying wolf?
28. COULDN’T CARE LESS: used to express total lack of interest in something
 That man stole a bottle of wine from the shop.
 Oh, really? I couldn’t care less.
29. BE CHUFFED TO BITS: to be pleased and happy
 Hey, thanks for the present! I’m chuffed to bits.
30. FEELING UNDER THE WEATHER: to be ill or unable to do regular activities
 I think I’m going to have to take the day off work. I feel quite under the weather today.
31. BE TICKLED PINK: to be excited and happy
 She was tickled pink by all the compliments she’d received.
32. A BAKER’S DOZEN: thirteen
 Check out our baker’s dozen language learning tips.
33. COMFORT FOOD: food that makes you feel better, because it reminds you of your childhood
 After a tiring day, it’s so nice to make some comfort food and settle down with a good book.
34. SKELETON CREW: the minimum number of people needed to keep a service/office operating
 Can you come back after the holidays? We’re operating with a skeleton crew at the moment.
35. LET THE CHIPS FALL WHERE THEY MAY: to let something happen, no matter what happens next
 I must tell John how I feel about him, let the chips fall where they may.
36. NO-BRAINER: an easy decision
 Do you think I should propose to Judy?
 Come on, it’s a no-brainer. She’s such a fantastic woman!
37. A STONE’S THROW: very near
 The hotel was a stone’s throw from the beach. I loved it.
38. HEAR ON THE GRAPEVINE: to hear a rumour or unconfirmed story
 I heard on the grapevine that Charlie and Sarah are dating at the moment.
39. SIT ON THE FENCE: to stay neutral and not take sides
 Well don’t you think I’m right, he’s been acting differently hasn’t he?
 I’m sitting on the fence with this one, you’re both my good friends.
40. TAKE WHAT SOMEONE SAYS WITH A PINCH OF SALT: regard something as exaggerated, or only believe a
part of something
 Did you hear what Tina said happened in the office yesterday?
 Oh, I would take anything she says with a pinch of salt.
41. FREAK OUT: to become very angry, scared or excited
 Mum, don’t freak out! I married a guy in Las Vegas.
42. BE A CATCH: be someone worth marrying/having
 John is taking me out tonight. He’s such a catch, I hope he’ll propose.
43. PIECE OF CAKE: when something is extremely easy to do
 Do you think you could beat him in a race?
 Yeah, piece of cake. I’m definitely a lot faster than him.
44. HIT THE NAIL ON THE HEAD: used if something someone says, is precisely correct
 My doctor hit the nail on the head. He knew exactly what was wrong with me!
45. COSTS AN ARM AND A LEG: when something is very expensive
 My son wants that mountain bike for his birthday, but it’ll cost an arm and a leg!
46. HIT THE BOOKS: to study very hard
 Do you want to go for lunch somewhere nice?
 No thanks, I’m going to hit the books. I have an exam coming up soon.
47. BITE OFF MORE THAN YOU CAN CHEW: to take on something that is too much for you to handle
 He recently got promoted and took on some new responsibilities, but he’s just too busy. He bit off more
than he could chew, and I don’t think he can handle it anymore.
48. WHEN PIGS FLY: this means that something will never happen
 Aren’t you going to buy that dream house you told me about?
 Ugh, I will when pigs fly. It’s just so expensive, I don’t think it’ll happen.
49. DON’T JUDGE A BOOK BY ITS COVER: this means don’t make a decision based on a brief impression or
outward appearance
 I don’t like our new neighbours very much, they’re quite strange.
 Hey, you shouldn’t judge a book by its cover. Give them a chance, I think they’re just a bit quirky but really
nice!
50. YOU ROCK: you are great
 Thanks for the tickets, Rob. You rock!
51. MISS THE BOAT: when someone has missed their opportunity to do something
 Have you applied for that job yet?
 No, I think I may have missed the boat. I should’ve done it last week.
Complete the following sentences using appropriate phrasal verbs.
1. Smoking is a dangerous habit. You must give it ………………..
a) on
b) up
c) on
2. Let’s go ………………… the main points again.
a) off
b) through
c) on
3. It is too warm. Take your coat ……………….
a) down b) off
c) out
4. You have done very well in the test. ………………. it up.
a) keep b) put
c) go
5. I am …………………… for a job.
a) keeping
b) looking
c) going
6. Don’t walk on the grass. ………………… off it.
a) put
b) keep
c) go
7. I don’t want the lights on. Please put them ………………….
a) off
b) out
c) on
8. Your friends have already left. You must hurry to ………………. up with them.
a) catch b) put
c) call
PROVERBS
Match the proverbs with their meanings
A bad excuse is better than none.
Blaming the tools for bad workmanship is an
excuse for lack of skill.
A bad penny always turns up.
Always give an excuse, even if it's a poor one.
A bad tree does not yield good apples.
An unwanted or disreputable person
constantly comes back.
A bad workman blames his tools.
A bad parent does not raise good children.
A barking dog seldom bites.
Someone who helps you when you are in
trouble is a real friend.
A fool at forty is a fool forever.
Someone who is a friend to everyone makes
none of them feel special.
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
Someone who constantly makes threats rarely
carries them out.
A friend to all is a friend to none.
If a person hasn't matured by the age of 40,
they never will.
A friend's eye is a good mirror.
A real friend will tell you the truth.
Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.
No comment!
Beauty is the wisdom of women.
Wisdom is the beauty of men.
Listen carefully before speaking.
Be swift to hear, slow to speak.
Different people have different tastes.
(The) best advice is found on the pillow.
If you don't punish a child when he does
wrong, you will spoil his character.
Gardens are not made by sitting in the shade.
We tend to forget people or things that we do
not see.
Out of sight, out of mind.
Nothing is achieved without effort.
Spare the rod and spoil the child.
A good night's sleep may help us find an
answer to our problem.
Speech is silver, silence is golden.
A quiet person with a calm outward
appearance can have much knowledge or
wisdom.
Sticks and stones will break my bones but
names will never hurt me.
Physical attacks may harm me, but cruel words
will not.
Still waters run deep.
Speaking is good, but discretion can be better.
You scratch my back and I'll scratch yours.
Physical attacks may harm me, but cruel words
will not.
(A) young idler, an old beggar.
Sharing work makes the task easier.
Kindness begets kindness.
If you don't work, you won't have any money
when you're old.
Many hands make light work.
The weather at the beginning of March is
stormy and at the end is mild.
March comes in like a lion and goes out like a
lamb.
If you are kind to someone, they will return
your kindness.
Half a loaf is better than none
Patience is more precious than intelligence.
(A) handful of patience is worth more than a
bushel of brains.
If you delay your decision too long, you may
miss a good opportunity.
He who hesitates is lost.
You should be grateful for something, even if it
is not as much as you wanted.
He who is everywhere is nowhere.
The person who provides the money for
something should control how it is spent.
He who know nothing doubts nothing.
It's not good to do too many things at the
same time.
He who pays the piper calls the tune.
Knowledge leads us to make choices.
Choose a phrasal verb to replace the explanation in brackets.
1. When Caroline goes to work, the babysitter (takes care of) ______________ the children.
a) looks at
b) looks up
c) looks for
d) looks after
2. The babysitter (has a good relationship) ______________ well with the children.
a) gets out
b) gets on
c) gets up
d) gets in
3. Peter promises he will ( stop) ______________ smoking soon.
a) give in
b) give over
c) give up
d) give out
4. They (continue) ______________ talking when the teacher arrives.
a) carry on
b) get on
c) break out
d) remain on
5. The fire fighters came and (extinguish) ______________ the fire.
a) put off
b) let away
c) put out
d) let out
6. I'll call the shop to (discover) ______________ the price.
a) find out
b) bring out
c) turn up
d) call up
7. You never forget the place where you (spend childhood) ______________ .
a) bring up
b) raise up
c) grow up
d) rise up
8.
If your car (ceases to function) ______________ , you should call a garage.
a) stops off
9.
c) turns off
d) breaks out
It's difficult for a plane to (leave the ground) ______________ when there is snow on the ground.
a) take off
10.
b) breaks down
b) start up
c) lift off
d) rise up
You must (return) ______________ the books that I lend you.
a) hand in
b) take back
c) give back
d) pay for
FIND THE MEANINGS
A) Bank
An estimate, often itemized, of expected income and
expense for a given period in the future
B) Income
Monetary gain resulting from the employment of
capital in any transaction
C) Check
A card that identifies a person as entitled to have food,
merchandise, services, etc., billed on a charge account
D) Loan
An institution for receiving, lending, exchanging, and
safeguarding money and, in some cases, issuing notes
and transacting other financial business
E) Debt
The financial gain (earned or unearned) accruing over a
given period of time
F) Budget
To commit (money or capital) in order to gain a
financial return
G) Diversify
A written order, usually on a standard printed form,
directing a bank to pay money
H) Invest
Any of the equal parts into which the capital stock of a
corporation or company is divided
I) Share
A sum paid or charged for the use of money or for
borrowing money
J) Interest
The variability of returns from an investment
K) Profit
The temporary provision of money (usually with
interest)
L) Risk
Something that is owed or that one is bound to pay to or
perform for another
M) Credit card
To acquire a variety of assets that do not tend to change
in value at the same time
N) Appreciate
The annual rate that is charged for borrowing (or made
by investing)
O) Annual Percentage Rate (APR)
To increase in value
A Child in Hiding
A Child in Hiding By Amalia Harte, Grade 5, Fox Mill Elementary School Herndon, Va. In 1940, at the beginning of
World War II (1939-1945), the armed forces of Nazi Germany conquered1 France. Benno Harte, Amalia's
grandfather, was living in France at the time. He and his family were Jewish and had to escape from their home in
Paris and hide in a farmhouse.
Q: What was life like for you before the Nazis?
A: My parents were well-to-do2 and provided everything I needed. I got an education when I was a child. When
we moved to France, I didn't speak a single word of French. I went to a special school for immigrants3. Then the
war started, in September 1939.
Q: What happened during the war?
A: When the French lost the war in 1940, we had to flee. We left the city and went south, away from the
Germans.
Q: Was your father arrested?
A: My father was arrested when we moved from the city to the mountains on the train. He was arrested for
having fake papers and because he was a Jew. He was arrested by the French, who were supposed to hand him
over to the Nazis. Instead, he was set free.
Q: How did you survive?
A: We went to live in the mountains. Twice the police came to arrest me. But the apartment had two doors--one
in the front, one in the back. The police came through the front door, and I escaped through the back.
Q: Didn't you live in a farmhouse?
A: We stayed in a little farmhouse that belonged to a farmer. We bought food from the farmer—potatoes,
chickens, and rabbits.
Q: How did you find the money to buy food?
A: It was a problem. My parents had a manufacturing plant in Paris. Before the war it was very successful.
[When the Nazis came,] Jews couldn't own anything, so my mother put a lady in charge who had worked at the
factory since the business started. My mother would travel to Paris every so often to get the money.
Q: Your father was arrested, but were any other family members or friends arrested or murdered?
A: Not my immediate friends. Many of my friends were not Jewish. They survived. But members of my family in
Poland perished4 . My father's mother and sister lived in [the Netherlands]. They disappeared.
Q: So your aunt was murdered?
A: Yes, she was murdered.
Q: How did you feel about life after the Holocaust?
A: I felt like I would never worry about anything again. I would be happy with anything that [might] happen. It
would be so much better than what we had lived through.
conquered: gained control of land by fighting a war
immigrants: people who have moved into a country
well-to-do: having plenty of money and possessions
“A Child in Hiding” Questions
1. The passage is written in the form of
a. a poem.
b. a news report.
c. an interview.
d. a diary.
2. Although the passage does not say so directly,
a. Amalia is questioning her father.
b. Amalia’s father is questioning his father.
c. a reporter is questioning Amalia.
d. Amalia is questioning her grandfather.
3. When Amalia asks, “Didn’t you live in a farmhouse?” it implies that
a. the questioner already knows the story well.
b. the family lived with the aunt.
c. the owner of the farmhouse betrayed the family.
d. the family almost starved to death.
4. Amalia’s grandfather says: “[When the Nazis came,] Jews couldn't own anything, so my mother put a lady
in charge who had worked at the factory since the business started. My mother would travel to Paris
every so often to get the money.” This shows that the family
a. was deprived of its business because of being Jewish.
b. luckily had a dependable employee who helped them.
c. kept control of the manufacturing plant illegally.
d. all of the above.
5. Is this passage fiction or nonfiction? How do you know?
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Write The Correct Forms Of the Words
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Everyone appreciated the ------------------- of the idea. (novel)
He was --------------------- of his rich neighbor. (envy)
Kids can become very ------------------- when they are unwell. (irritability)
We have to -------------------- our campaign against child labour. (intense)
The sage told the young man that he was reaping the harvest of the --------------------- he had sown. (hate)
Until the police complete the --------------------- the accused will not be released on bail. (investigate)
My grandmother takes great ------------------ in feeding stray dogs. (please)
We had a -------------------- vacation in Maldives. (memory)
The woman ---------------------- at the death of her husband. (grieve)
The circus artist performed many dangerous tricks while walking ----------------------- on a rope.
(precarious)
The teacher told the boys to ------------------ the poem. (memory)
Non-renewable sources of energy must not be used ----------------------- (indiscriminate)
He denied the ------------------ (allege)
He apologized for the --------------------- caused by his absence. (inconvenient)
The outbreak of storm caused the ----------------------- of a number of flights. (cancel)
Word on the Street
http://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/word-street
Visit the web site and find the videos one by one . After you watch you will see the task parts about each of
them under the videos . Please answer the questions about the videos and also study grammar and language
focus parts. Write your own comments after watching videos.
In these exciting videos, co-produced by the BBC and the British Council, learn how English works as the hosts
explore British culture around the UK.
………………………………………
………………………………………
………………………………………
………………………………………
………………………………………
………………………………………
………………………………………
………………………………………
………………………………………
………………………………………
………………………………………
………………………………………
………………………………………
………………………………………
………………………………………
………………………………………
………………………………………
………………………………………
………………………………………
………………………………………
………………………………………
………………………………………
………………………………………
………………………………………
………………………………………
………………………………………
Write The Correct Form Of the Words
1. He is known for his ------------------------- lifestyle. (extravagance)
2. I am --------------------- to you for your help. (gratitude)
3. The lawyer could not ----------------------- his argument. (substantial)
4. He is a ---------------------- boy. (mischief)
5. We are waiting for the ---------------------- of the news. (confirm)
6. India is known for its cultural ------------------ (diverse)
7. ---------------------- is the root cause of many ailments. (anxious)
8. He seemed very --------------------- about the project but then he backed out. (enthuse)
9. His ------------------ is contagious. (enthuse)
10. He --------------------- a great sum of money from his parents. (inherit)
11. -------------------- is the stepping stone to success. (fail)
12. She was an --------------------- child. (obey)
13. He was refused ---------------------- to go abroad. (permit)
14. The ------------------- Chief Minister will preside over the function. (honour)
15. Film stars enjoy great ------------------- (popular)
A Dream Schedule
I don't like to forget my dreams. You know how sometimes you wake up, and you can remember your whole
dream perfectly, but by dinner the entire thing is gone? I don't like that. Where do these dreams go? Why are
dreams so easy to forget?
Here's the really strange thing, and maybe this has happened to you: Say you have a dream where you're riding a
bike around the playground of your old school. You wake up, and pretty soon you forget the dream. But then
your sister asks if she can borrow your bike, or you drive by your old school. And then it all comes back to you!
How does that happen?
It’s one big mystery. People have walked on the moon, but they can't remember what they dreamed about last
night!
Like I said, I don't like to forget my dreams. So I started writing my dreams down. As soon as I wake up, I rush
over to the computer and start typing as fast as I can. Or I grab a notebook and a pencil. Anything works. What's
important is to get it down before I forget everything.
I have some good dreams written down. Last week, I dreamed I was an octopus. I thought I looked normal, but I
guess all octopuses think that! I swam around the ocean. I swam through a school of fish. I crept and I crawled.
Right before I woke up, I was thinking about how quickly I could write down dreams with eight legs.
Have you ever had a dream in which you were flying? I haven't. But two weeks ago, I had a dream in which
everyone except me was flying. That was disappointing. I watched them zoom around. And then I realized that
nobody could tell me what to do. They were too high up in the air! I spent the rest of the dream trying to drive
my mom's car.
I'm glad I started writing my dreams down. Still, though, I tend to miss some things. Even when I write as fast as I
can, I still forget the details. I think the details are the most important part. They're what make dreams dreamy,
don't you think?
For example, when I was an octopus, what did the water taste like? What did my tentacles feel like? What did the
fish say to me? I forgot! Writing dreams down is good, but it's not good enough.
From now on, I'm writing my dreams down in advance. What do you think about that?
I'm not saying it's going to work right away. Like with everything, it'll take some practice. But before long, I expect
to have the fullest, best, most detailed dreams anyone's ever had.
And here's the best part: I'll be the one picking my dreams! Who picks my dreams now? Who knows. Whoever it
is, they're not going to be in charge for long. I'll be running the show.
I'll get myself a notebook, a real nice one. In big letters on the front I'll write: “Dream Schedule.”
Inside, I'll have one page for each day. I can plan weeks ahead if I want to. If I'm feeling dreamy, I'll plan out a
whole week at once. Then I won't have to worry about it. I can't wait!
I already know what my first dream will be. I can see it now: I wake up in the morning, just like normal. It's
Saturday. No school. I sit up in bed and yawn. I stretch my arms. All of a sudden, I realize something's off: I'm
dreaming!
“A Dream Schedule” Questions
1. What does the person telling the story do to remember his or her dreams?
a. He or she makes up songs about the dreams.
b. He or she plays games based on the dreams.
c. He or she telis the dreams to friends.
d. He or she writes the dreams down.
2. Who or what is the main character of this story?
a. an octopus
b. the person telling the story
c. the mom of the person telling the story
d. the sister of the person telling the story
3. Dreams are difficult to remember.
What evidence from the story supports this statement?
a. "Have you ever had a dream in which you were flying? 1 haven't."
b. "People have walked on the moon, but they can't remember what they dreamed about last night!"
c. "Here's the really strange thing, and maybe this has happened to you: Say you have a dream where
you're riding a bike around the playground of your old school."
d. "I already know what my first dream will be. 1 can see it now: 1 wake up in the morning, just like
normal."
4. What does the person telling the story think will happen if he or she writes down dreams in advance?
a. He or she will have the dreams he or she wrote down.
b. He or she will only dream about being an octopus.
c. He or she will forget his or her dreams.
d. He or she will eventually walk on the moon.
5. What is the main idea of this story?
a. Unlike most other people, the person telling the story only has dreams about being an octopus.
b. Almost ali people have dreams in which they are flying, so the person telling the story decides to try
and have a flying dream as well.
c. The person telling the story decides to keep a dream schedule because he or she cannot remember ali
the details of his or her dreams.
d. The person telling the story has too many scary dreams, so he or she decides to keep a dream schedule
and plan out his or dreams in advance.
6. Read these two paragraphs from the text:
"l'm glad I started writing my dreams down. Stili, though, 1 tend to miss some things. Even when 1 write as
fast as I can, 1 stili forget the details. 1 think the details are the most important part. They're what make
dreams dreamy, don't you think?
For example, when I was an octopus, what did the water taste like? What did my tentacles feel like? What
did the fish say to me? 1 forgot! Writing dreams down is good, but it's not good enough."
Why might the author have included the questions in the second paragraph?
a. to hint that, in general, people who remember their dreams are more curious and ask more questions
than other people
b. To convince the reader that dreams about being an octopus are more interesting than other kinds of
dreams
c. to show the kinds of details that the person telling the story would like to remember from his or her
dreams
d. to prove how important writing down dreams is to remembering the tiniest details of those dreams
7. Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.
The person telling this story does not like forgetting dreams, ____ he or she writes them down.
a. so
b. but
c. although
d. for example
8. Even though the person telling the story writes down his or her dreams, he or she stili forgets things about
them. What does he or she forget?
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
9. Describe the "Dream Schedule" that the person telling the story has decided to start.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
10. Why does the person telling the story decide to starta "Dream Schedule"? Support your answer with
evidence from the story.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
A Colorful Man
Mr. Tucker talked about colors all the time. "That sunset was raspberry-red!" he said to his wife in the evenings.
Or, "What a honey-yellow morning it is!" He liked to look for all the different shades of green in his garden: moss
green, which was dark and brooding, and parrot green, which was bright and loud. His wife planted fruits and
vegetables in their garden, but Mr. Tucker was more interested in the leafy plants, the bushes, the hedges, and
even the weeds that grew in his garden. "So many kinds of green!" he said to his wife after watering all the
plants. "I counted at least twenty different shades of green!"
"Well done, dear," Mrs. Tucker said. "Now can you please count twenty dollars and go to the grocery store for
some ingredients? I need to make dinner!"
With a smile on his face, Mr. Tucker left at once. He enjoyed trips to the grocery store because of all the colorful
cans and boxes in each aisle. Fruits and vegetables, too, shone in their bright skins. They were never just one
color: carrots were orange, but also had bits of yellow and brown in them. Bananas were yellow and black;
apples hid oranges and purples inside their reds. Mr. Tucker would walk through each aisle of the grocery store
and soak in all the colors around him. Mr. Tucker stared and stared. Then he sighed.
"I wish there was a store full of colors that I could spend all my time in," he muttered.
He bought everything on his wife's grocery list and came home. When he walked into the house, Mrs. Tucker
noticed the sad look on his face.
"What's wrong?" she asked him. "Did something happen at the store?"
"No, nothing happened. I felt a little sad when I left the store, that's all," Mr. Tucker replied.
"Why?" his wife asked him. "It looks like you had fun at the store. I can see that you picked out the best items.
Look how golden this corn is!"
"Thank you," Mr. Tucker said. "I did have fun in the store. So much so that I wish I could have spent more time in
there. It’s so full of color!”
"I see," Mrs. Tucker said. "Well, cheer up, because I'm going to cook this corn on the cob, and we're going to
have ourselves a delicious dinner!"
The next day, Mr. Tucker was on his usual morning walk through the neighborhood, saying hello to everyone,
inspecting the colors of the trees and flowers he passed, and admiring the beautiful fur coats of all the dogs
being taken on their walks. It was another day of color for Mr. Tucker.
"Good morning, Mr. Brown," he called out to one of his neighbors. He liked Mr. Brown very much because, well,
you guessed it: his name was a color!
"Mr. Tucker! Just the person I wanted to see!"
Mr. Brown replied. "My wife and I are moving out of this town, and I need someone to take over my shop.
You're the perfect person for the job! Would you be interested?"
Mr. Tucker was happy that Mr. Brown had thought of him, but he wasn't quite sure why. "I would like to help,
but why am I the perfect person?"
Mr. Brown laughed. "Because it's a paint shop, Mr. Tucker! I need someone who knows his colors!"
Mr. Tucker was thrilled. "I'll take it over right away!"
Mr. Brown was relieved when he left town, because he knew his paint shop was in good hands. Sure enough, Mr.
Tucker kept the paint shop open for twenty more years, and got to talk about color all day, every day.
“A Colorful Man” Questions
1. What did Mr. Tucker talk about all the time?
a. fruits and vegetables
b. shades of green
c. plants
d. colors
2. Overall, how can Mr. Tucker's personality best be described?
a. cheerful and observant
b. angry and unfriendly
c. sad and depressed
d. nervous and jumpy
3. Read these sentences from the text.
"With a smile on his face, Mr. Tucker left at once. He enjoyed trips to the grocery store because of
all the colorful cans and boxes in each aisle. Fruits and vegetables, too, shone in their bright skins.
They were never just one color: carrots were orange, but also had bits of yellow and brown in
them. Bananas were yellow and black; apples hid oranges and purples inside their reds. Mr. Tucker
would walk through each aisle of the grocery store and soak in all the colors around him. Mr.
Tucker stared and stared."
Based on this evidence, why does Mr. Tucker like the grocery store?
a.
b.
c.
d.
because he thinks fruits and vegetables are delicious
because he likes the shapes of cans and boxes
because the grocery store is filled with color
because the grocery store has more fruits than his garden
4. Why did Mr. Tucker feel a little sad when he left the grocery store?
a. because he was not able to find all the items on the grocery list
b. because he wished he could have spent more time surrounded by the store's colors
c.
because the colors of the fruits in the grocery store were less bright than usual
d. because the grocery store did not have enough colors to make him happy
5. What is the main idea of this story?
a. A man loves to count the shades of green that he sees in his garden.
b. A man who loves colors very much is given a job that fits him perfectly.
c. A man who loves colors very much gets sad during a trip to the grocery store.
d. A man who owns a paint shop finds the perfect person to give his shop to.
6. Read these sentences from the text.
"Fruits and vegetables, too, shone in their bright skins. They were never just one color:
carrots were orange, but also had bits of yellow and brown in them. Bananas were
yellow and black; apples hid oranges and purples inside their reds."
Why might the author have described the colors in the fruits and vegetables in such detail?
d.
7.
a. to show that fruits and vegetables are more colorful at the grocery store than at home
b. to encourage the reader to look more closely at fruits and vegetables
c. to show that Mr. Tucker notices all of the different colors in the fruits and vegetables
to suggest that Mr. Tucker does not notice the many colors of the fruits and vegetables
Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.
Mr. Tucker is the perfect person to take over Mr. Brown's paint shop __________ he knows his colors.
a. Because
b. although
c. so
d. after
8.
When Mr. Tucker is in the grocery store, he mutters a wish. What does he wish for?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
9. An inner conflict is a struggle between emotions, feelings, or ideas within a character.
In this story, Mr. Tucker's love of colors creates a slight inner conflict for Mr. Tucker.
Describe the inner conflict that Mr. Tucker experiences because of his love of colors.
Support your answer with evidence from the text.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
10. At the end of the story, Mr. Brown asks Mr. Tucker to take over his paint shop.
Explain how this might help to resolve Mr. Tucker's inner conflict. Support your answer
with evidence from the text.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
A New Kind of Library
Does your school have a library? It probably does. The first libraries belonged to ancient kings. In the Middle
Ages, monasteries and convents had libraries. The books in those libraries were written by hand, and they had
pictures painted beside the words.
In the United States, most cities have public libraries. Inside most libraries are hundreds of books—and
sometimes more!—many of which are available for taking home. Of course, you have to bring any book you
borrow back to the library when you’re done.
Libraries help people find information. As the ways people find information change, libraries need to change, too.
The Internet is a tool that helps people find information much faster than if they were to look in books, so a lot of
libraries have begun using computers and technology to help people keep learning.
The New York Public Library is the most famous library in New York City. When the main branch was opened in
1911, it had a collection of over one million books. Outside this main building, two giant stone lions guard the
entrance. Since the library is over one hundred years old, bringing in new technology is not easy.
The New York Public Library now has computers in every building. You can use the computers to go on the
Internet or to write a paper. The librarians will help if you have a question and there are even free classes to help
people learn how to use new computer programs. But this is only the beginning of how the library wants to use
technology.
In the basement of the library, there is a room filled with computer programmers and designers who are
bringing new technology to the library. This place is called the NYPL Labs. Ben Vershbow runs the NYPL Labs. He
wants to help the library reach more people. Ben runs projects using “crowdsourcing.”
“Crowdsourcing” means getting a lot of people involved to help with a project. Ben is currently using the Internet
to find people to help with the library’s collection of menus. The library has thousands and thousands of old
menus. You can see what people ate in the year 1900 and find out how much that food cost.
In the past, only people in New York could use the New York Public Library. Now, the library is online and
everyone can enjoy it. Thanks to technology, we have a new kind of library.
“A New Kind of Library” Questions
1. What do libraries help people find?
a. paintings
b. information
c. computers
d. other people
2. A lot of libraries have begun using computers and technology to help people keep learning. What is a
cause of this change, based on the passage?
a. the difficulty of finding new books to keep in the library
b. the growing number of people who want to visit libraries in person
c. the ability of the Internet to help people find information quickly
d. the fact that books are much less popular today than they used to be
3. Computers are helpful to have in the library. What evidence from the text supports this statement?
a. The librarians will help if you have a question.
b. You can use computers to go on the Internet or to write a paper.
c. Ben Vershbow runs the NYPL Labs.
d. The New York Public Library now has computers in every building.
4. Why might the title refer to the New York Public Library as "A New Kind of Library"?
a. because the New York Public Library has been dlfferent from other libraries ever since it
opened in 1911
b. because the New York Public Library no longer has any books
c. because the New York Public Library has been replaced by a different library
d. because the New York Public Library is now available online, not just to people in New York
5. What is this passage mostly about?
a. how technology and computers changed the New York Public Library
b. how crowdsourcing can help many people become involved in a project
c. how the New York Public Library has changed the way people use computers
d. how public libraries in cities across the United States function
6. Read these sentences from the text.
"The New York Public Library is the most famous library in New York City. When the main branch was
opened in 1911, it had a collection of over one million books. Outside this main building, two giant stone
lions guard the entrance."
What does the word "branch" mean as used in this excerpt?
a. a part of a tree that grows from the trunk
b. a major part of government
c. a local store or organization
d. the arm of a record player
7. Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.
___________ the Internet, only people in New York could use the New York public Library. Now, the
library is online, and everyone can enjoy it.
a. Before
b. Next to
c. However
d. According to
8. What is Ben Vershbow, who runs the NYPL Labs, currently using the Internet and
crowdsourcing to do?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
9. What is one effect the Internet has had on the library? Support your answer with
evidence from the text.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
10. Explain whether technology has changed the library for the better. Support your
answer with evidence from the text.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Complete the text with the correct words (a–d).
Wedding preparations
Hi, my name is Shakra, I’m nineteen and I 1____________ in Mumbai, India. I’ve always lived here!
Currently, I 2____________ for my wedding. It’s next week! At a Hindu wedding, women
3____________ sixteen different items of jewellery and cosmetics. These include necklaces, earrings,
henna and perfume. We also place rings on our toes and a ring through our nose. I don’t often
4____________ kohl, which is a very dark eye make-up, but I think kohl suits 5____________ people
like me. It’s strange to wear a traditional sari because I 6____________ to wear the latest fashions –
you know, 7____________ European designer clothes. In my everyday life, I am a businesswoman and I
am very determined and 8____________ – I like to tell people what to do! But now I’m just very
nervous about next week and all the preparations I still have to make.
1. a live b lives c ’m living d is living
2. a prepare b prepares c ’m preparing d is preparing
3. a wear usually b usually wear c are usually wearing d usually are wearing
4. a be using b use c is using d uses
5. a middle-aged b broad-shouldered c short-sighted d dark-haired
6. a prefer usually b usually prefer c am usually preferring d am preferring usually
7. a chic b retro c second-hand d vintage
8. a modest b assertive c easy-going d lazy
Write The Correct Form Of the Words
1. Tokyo is the most -------------------- city in the world. (population)
2. The king was --------------------- towards his subjects. (sympathy)
3. I felt great ------------------- for the accident victims. (sympathise)
4. It was not easy to -------------------- with his predicament. (sympathy)
5. He is ----------------------- on his elder brother. (depend)
6. His parents' ------------------ helped him to be successful. (encourage)
7. It was one of life is little --------------------- (irony)
8. She is very -------------------- and cooperative. (please)
9. My brother is a soccer ------------------------- (enthusiasm)
10. He was close to the limit of his --------------------- (endure)
11. The bird had -------------------- reared its young and moved off. (presume)
12. He does not believe in -------------------- doctrines. (theology)
13. She was a --------------------- woman who lacked any serious purpose in life. (frivolity)
14. The government does not do enough for the --------------------- of the poor. (better)
15. We apologise for the -------------------- (inconvenient)
GETTING MAIN IDEA & RELATED DETAILS
Starter: “Being able to read with understanding” can be compared to “being able to see the forest in spite of the
trees.”
What is the similarity between the two points of comparison?
MAIN IDEAS
To gain the best understanding of a written text you must analyze it by examining its organization. Information in
the text is typically organized and written using main ideas and related details which support these main ideas.
The main idea of a paragraph gives specific information about its subject. Then all, or most, of the sentences in
the paragraph are related to this main idea because they tell you something about that specific information. The
identification and analysis of main ideas and related details are extremely important reading techniques when
you try to master the enormous amount of information usually presented in textbooks.
Main ideas can be classified into 2 types, namely stated main ideas and implied main ideas. The first type is main
ideas which are explicitly stated in a paragraph whereas the second type is main ideas which are not stated and
thus must be implied from clues provided in the paragraph. Stated main ideas can be in one or two sentences.
They are usually found at the beginning, in the middle or at the end of the paragraph. Examples A, B and C
underline the location of the stated main idea of each paragraph. Example D is an illustration of an implied main
idea. The underlined words signify the clues that help the reader to identify the main idea.
Example A:
It is generally true that most convenience foods do cost more than unserviced food products. The extra services
that make the food easy to use must be paid for. Washing, combining, removing waste, standardizing and
packaging products add to the cost of the final product. However, some costs are offset by lower transportation
costs because of reduced weight and bulk and improved storage life.
Example B:
No other cloth is so difficult to make yet so delicate, requires so much skill in manufacturing, or demands so
much creative ability in designing as lace. Everything about lace indicates special characteristics. It is a product of
many combined procedures. Special yarns are made with great strength but of great fineness; fabric construction
involves interlooping and knotting, and even surface embroidery may be used.
Example C:
The invention of the typewriter provided a means by which women could gain access and entry into the
heretofore exclusively male world of the business office. World War I and World War II provided additional office
work opportunities for women in the labor force due to the vast number of men in the military. Also, within the
military, a large area of employment was opened with the formation of the women’s service branches---a large
part of which consisted of office work. Over the years there has been an increase in the number of women
employed in office work.
Example D:
Usually, neither white nor brown sugar is sifted before measuring. White sugar, however, if it is at all lumpy
(confectioners sugar frequently is) should be sifted first, spooned into a dry measure, and leveled off with the
edge of a spatula or knife. Brown sugar, on the other hand, must be packed into the cup so firmly as to keep the
shape of the cup when it is turned out. If brown sugar is lumpy, it can be rolled or sifted before measuring. Freeflowing brown sugar is poured into a cup or fractional cup and leveled.
Implied main idea: There are correct ways to measure white or brown sugar.
The best technique to find the main idea (no matter what type it is) is to ask yourself these two questions:
1. What or who is the paragraph about?
2. What does the paragraph tell you about the subject?
The answers to the questions above determine the main idea of the paragraph. To illustrate this point, another
paragraph with no stated main idea, and questions and answers, is given below.
The room was entirely carpeted with a thick soft rug. Drapes, spun of gold thread, bedecked the
large pictured windows. Sterling silver candlesticks flanked a gold clock on the mantelpiece. Crimson
velvet covered the large sofa. A Steinway grand piano stood in the center of the room.
Question 1: What is the subject? A room.
Question 2: What is distinctive about the subject? It is richly decorated.
Main idea: The room is luxuriously decorated.
Exercise 1: Read the following paragraphs and identify or highlight the main ideas. Also state the type of each
main idea and the subject of each paragraph.
Paragraph 1
Insurance should be considered a necessity. A couple needs medical coverage, automobile coverage, and life
insurance. If they own a home, they need fire insurance also. Couples should start with a medical policy that
protects them against catastrophic illness and then, as children arrive, change to broader coverage. This pattern
should also be followed with life insurance. The couple should buy term insurance, increasing the amount of the
coverage as needed to protect family members.
Ans.:
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2
In some situations you do want immediate participation. On the other hand, formal speakers must cover their
subject and stay within their allotted time. Unreasonable numbers of questions and interruptions have ruined an
otherwise good speech and have shaken an experienced speaker. The solution to the problem lies in the word
control. Speakers must retain control. They must control audience participation in such a way as to do justice to
the audience, the material to be covered, and the time restrictions placed upon their speech.
Ans.:
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 3
The cotton blossom, which appears about one hundred days after planting, is beautiful. Creamy white or light
yellow the first day, it changes to pink, lavender, or red on the second day. But the petals drop off after about
forty-eight hours, leaving the boll or seed pod in which the fibers form. Fifty to eighty days later the pod bursts
open, and the fleecy cotton fibers are ready for picking.
Ans.:
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 4
When we talk we rarely trust the words alone to convey our messages. We shift our weight, stand close to the
other person or far away, wave our arms, smile or frown, speak loudly or softly, touch or don’t touch, or use
other nonverbal behaviors to emphasize or clarify what our words mean. We communicate by the way we sit or
stand, straighten our clothing, place our hands, manipulate a glass, and so forth. Consciously and unconsciously,
we use nonverbal behaviors to communicate our feelings, likings, and preferences as well as to reinforce the
meanings of our words.
Ans.:
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 5
Each occupation or profession lays the groundwork for people being much alike. They receive about the same
income. They probably live in the same kind of neighborhood. And they will speak the same specialized language
that is associated with their kind of work. Finally, they will probably belong to the same union or association. Yes,
people who work at the same kind of job certainly do have much in common.
Ans.:
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 6
Probably the most poisonous snake found in Arizona is the Sonoran coral snake, a small reptile averaging about
eighteen inches in length. Actually a coral snake is a shy animal with highly dangerous venom. Fortunately the
snake’s head is so small that its jaws can be opened only a little distance, but it can bite a human between the
fingers of the hand or strike at the fingers or the hand of a small child.
Ans.:
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 7
Most twins are fraternal, which means they developed from two separate eggs which were fertilized at the same
time. Such twins are no more similar in physical characteristics than are any other brothers or sisters. About a
third of twins are identical, which means they developed from a single fertilized egg, and usually share a common
placenta. Unlike fraternal twins, their genetic makeup is identical, so they have very similar physical
characteristics, and are always the same sex.
Ans.:
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
RELATED DETAILS
Once you have identified the main idea of a paragraph, you are ready to identify details which relate to that main
idea. Related details provide additional information about the main idea.
Usually, there are three kinds of related details used to support main ideas. They are example, reason, and
restatement. Examples and reasons which are probably the most frequently used related details, support both
stated and implied main ideas; restatements support only stated main ideas. Sometimes a related detail can be
identified as either example or reason. It depends on how you interpret what you have read and the way you
then relate the detail to the main idea of the paragraph.
A main idea is not necessarily supported by all three kinds of related details. You may find paragraph main ideas
which are supported by only one kind of detail – usually all examples or all reasons. Or you may find paragraph
main ideas supported by any combination of the three kinds of related ideas.
Sometimes authors include details which are not related to the main idea at all. They are filler-filling up space but
adding nothing to what you need to know about the paragraph main idea. To recognize filler, simply ask yourself,
“Does this detail tell me anything about the main idea?” If it doesn’t, ignore it. Filler has no place in your package
of related information.
Below are some examples of related details. The main idea of each paragraph is underlined for you.
Example A: Example
(1) Most people have certain habits that help prepare them for rest and sleep. (2) For example, some like a snack
before bedtime. (3) Others may wish to have a glass of milk, hot chocolate, or tea. (4) For many, preparation for
sleep includes brushing their teeth, washing their hands and face, and going to the bathroom. (5) Most people
have a regular bedtime hour.
Sentences 2 – 5 are examples of habits that help prepare most people for rest and sleep.
Example B: Reason
(1) The middle years are frequently viewed as a period of career change. (2) Relatively recent research indicated
that a sizable portion of middle-agers are disillusioned and disenchanted with their present jobs. (3) In the
pursuit of happiness and occupational satisfaction, some workers are making midlife career changes.
Sentences 2 – 3 are reasons why the middle years are viewed as a period of career change.
Example C: Restatement
(1) Humans, as a species, are stress seeking. (2) We seem to long for new experiences and new challenges. (3)
Traveling to the North Pole, climbing mountains, living in deserts, and exploring the bottoms of oceans are all
activities for which we are biologically and socially unfit, but we do them anyway. (4) Humans do seek out certain
types of stress.
Sentence 2 is the reason and sentence 3 is the example whereas sentence 4 is the restatement. Notice that
sentence 4 could have been the main idea: it basically states the same concept. Thus, it is restating the main
idea.
Exercise 2: Read each main idea and the details that relate to it. In the blanks, put E if it is an example, R for
reason, Re for restatement, and F if it is a filler*. Then check the answers with your friend.
*Notes: A filler is a sentence that is added to a paragraph to give more details to the paragraph.
1. Main idea: In early middle childhood, peer groups are relatively informal.
a. Children at this age enjoy hopscotch, jump rope, and marbles. _____
b. The children themselves form their groups and members come and go. _____
c. Peer groups in early middle childhood are quite flexible in structure. _____
d. There are few operating rules in peer groups at this level. _____
e. Parents appear to be supportive of these peer groups. _____
2. Main idea: Aspirin is one of the most widely used drugs in the world.
a. Aspirin reduces inflammation and soreness in an injured area. _____
b. Aspirin blocks pain in the mild-to-moderate range. _____
c. Aspirin causes side effects that pose problems for some users. _____
d. Aspirin’s suggested dose range is 600 to 1,000 mg. _____
e. People all over the world use aspirin. _____
3. Main idea: There are various ways in which animals are protected from their enemies.
a. Lizards, snails, and some snakes are colored to blend in with their environment. _____
b. Skunks have an unpleasant-smelling spray. _____
c. People have to look for ways to protect themselves from enemies. _____
d. Some small mammals conceal themselves in nests, in burrows, or beneath tree roots. _____
e. Porcupines and armadillos are protected by formidable armor. _____
Complete the following sentences using an appropriate preposition.
1. What are you thinking ……………………..?
2. You are the person I was looking ………………..
3. She is not very easy to work …………………
4. She is not very easy to talk …………………
5. I am not certain ………………. what I am supposed to do.
6. She enjoys being looked ………………….
7. I hate being shouted …………………
8. She saved money ………………. giving up smoking.
9. She rang me ………………..
10. I half believe ……………….. life after death.
11. My parents never showed if they were disappointed ……………….. me.
12. I would like to see a big increase ………………. productivity.
13. I am very impressed …………….. your work.
ENGLISH IN A MINUTE
http://learningenglish.voanews.com/z/3619.html
There are some videos in this veb-page. They are all only 1 minute. Please watch them one by one and take notes
what you learn!
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
Video:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Video:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Video:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Video:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Video:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Video:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Video:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Video:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Video:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Video:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Video:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Video:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Video:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Video:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Video:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Video:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Video:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Video:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Video:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Video:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Video:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Video:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Video:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Video:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
Video:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Video:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Video:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Video:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Video:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Video:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Write The Correct Form Of the Words
1. She refuted all ----------------------- made against her. (accuse)
2. Indiscriminate use of natural resources can lead to many --------------------- problems. (environment)
3. The man was arrested under --------------------- circumstances. (suspect)
4. She was a -------------------- girl who didn't have many friends. (study)
5. Her energy and ------------------- for life knew no bounds. (enthuse)
6. This is a biography based on his mother's ---------------------- (recollect)
7. ---------------------- of the flight caused a great deal of inconvenience to travelers. (cancel)
8. Her progress has been quite ------------------ (satisfy)
9. He was under --------------------- to go. (compel)
10. That movie is --------------------- watching. (compel)
11. ----------------------- is the mother of all inventions. (necessary)
CHOOSE THE CORRECT ONE
1. A: ______________________?
B: I'm sorry I don't know.
a. Is there a post-office near the station
b. Didn't you know your school number
c. Where and when were you born
d. Was your old house near your school
2. A: _______________________?
B: Because it was very cold outside.
a. When does it often snow in your country
b. Why don't you want to go out
c. Why were you at home all day yesterday
d. You were wearing a T-shirt yesterday.Why
3. A: _________________________?
B: For about three years.
a. How long is Queen street
b. How long have you known her
c. How often did you see him
d. When did you buy your watch
4. A: _______________________?
B: I don't think so.
a. Do you think it's cold in winter in England
b. Who is going to visit us tomorrow
c. Where does Michael Jackson live
d. What do you think of football
5. A: ______________________?
B: In a small town in the north of Turkey.
a. Are there any touristic places in the north of Turkey
b. Do they live in a small town in the north of Turkey
c. Where did you spend your summer holiday
d. Where did you go for your semester holiday
6. A: __________________________?
B: A quarter past six.
a. When did you see John
b. When do you usually get up
c. What time does your school start
d. What time is it in London now
7. A: __________________________?
B: No.Maybe tomorrow.
a. Is your brother coming tomorrow
b. When did you see her with Bill
c. Hasn't he come back yet
d. When do you think he can come
8. A: _________________________?
B: Oh,yes.In the school canteen.
a. There is a canteen at the school,isn't there
b. Where do you want to meet her
c. Where do you have lunch everyday
d. Have you seen Susan's friends
9. A: _________________________.
B: So do I.
a. My sister likes pop music
b. I'm fond of sports
c. I've been to Istanbul twice
d. I don't like hamburgers
10. A: _________________________?
B: Really?
a. Is John from London or New York
b. Thank you very much for your help
c. My uncle has got a sports car
d. Is it raining outside
SITUATIONS
11. You want to borrow your friends camera.What do you say?
a. Would you like to borrow my camera?
b. Can anybody borrow your camera?
c. Can you lend me your camera?
d. Can I lend you my camera?
12. You are waiting for your friend.He is late.What do you say when he comes?
a. Where did you go without me?
b. I'm waiting for you.
c. Where were you?
d. Where have you been?
13. You hear that your friend's brother,Tom,is ill.When you see her, what do you say?
a. Is your brother,Tom,ill?
b. Have you been to a doctor?
c. I'm sorry to hear that Tom's ill.
d. I think your brother,Tom,is ill.
14. Your friend breaks your pen by accident.What does he say to apologise to you?
a. I'm sorry for breaking your pen.
b. I've always broken something here.
c. I apologise to break your pen.
d. I'm sorry but your pen has broken.
15. You go into a shop in London.You want to buy a walkman. The shop assistant shows you one.
You do not like it. What do you say?
a. I'd like to buy a walkman like this.
b. Is this cheaper than the others?
c. It's not the one I want.
d. I'll get you another one.
16. You see an old friend of yours while you are leaving a restaurant.You go up to him.What do you say?
a. Do you always eat in this reataurant as I do?
b. It's wonderful to see you after so many years.
c. I hope to see you in a restaurant the next time.
d. It's nice of you to see me in a restaurant.
Complete the following sentences.
1. Cotton is the ………………. export from Bombay. (principal / principle)
2. The ……………….. selected for the construction of the shopping mall is an ideal one. (site / sight)
3. Emperor Asoka ……………….. many reforms in the country. (affected / effected)
4. We need laws that ensure the ……………….. treatment of animals. (human / humane)
5. If you have ………………. skin, you should wear a pair of gloves while washing clothes or dishes. (sensible /
sensitive)
6. The barren mountain regions are an awful ………………… (site / sight)
7. The larva is ………………… in a cocoon. (concealed / consoled)
8. You cannot buy this drug without a ………………… (prescription / proscription)
9. Being the CEO of a big company, Michael is in an …………….. position. (envious / enviable)
10. She is ………………. than her husband. (elder / older)
Choose A, B or C to fill in the blanks.
I’m only seventeen years old but I have noticed that my life has changed a lot in the past ten years. When I (1)
________ seven years old, I (2) _______ most of my time playing with my friends. Now that I’m in my last year at
school, I (3) ________ a lot because I (4) _______ to do well at school and enter the university of my choice. I(5)
_______ so much free time ten years ago. Nowadays, I(6) _______ around all day. It’s not just the lessons at
school. This year I (7) ________ some extra after-school lessons. So I (8) _______ home after 10:00 and then I
have more homework to do. I(9) _______ away from home for so many hours when I was younger. I (10)
_______ really exhausted and sometimes I (11) _______ of giving it up. However, I (12) ________ that I should
continue to work hard if I want a successful career in the future.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
A. were
A. spend
A. always studies
A. want
A. used to have
A. ran
A. takes
A. usually get
A. am not
A. felt
A. think
A. know
B. am
B. am spending
B. study always
B. am wanting
B. use to have
B. run
B. take
B. get usually
B. didn’t use to be
B. feels
B. thought
B. knew
C. was
C. used to spend
C. am studying
C. used to want
C. didn’t use to have
C. is running
C. am taking
C. usually got
C. don’t used to be
C. feel
C. am thinking
C. am knowing
Choose the correct answer from A, B, C and D.
1. Everyone ……………… the law.
A. must obeys
B. must to obey
C. must obey
D. must obeying
2. The film is excellent. You …………… see it.
A. must to
B. must
C. will must
D. must have to
3. You must …………… over 18 to drive a car.
A. to be
B. be
C. will be
D. Are
4. You …………….. in this room.
A. mustn’t to smoke
B. must no smoking
C. mustn’t smoke
D. must to smoke
5. This is a library. We …………… quiet.
A. must be
B. must to be
C. mustn’t be
D. must being
6. Tomorrow, I …………. finish the work.
A. will must
B. must will
C. will have
D. must
7. She is very ill. She …………. in bed.
A. must stays
B. must to stay
C. must staying
D. has to stay
8. I’ve got toothache. I ………….. see the dentist tomorrow.
A. will must
B. must will
C. have to
D. must be
9. He ……………. his sister.
A. must helps
C. must help
D. must have to help
C. Have you to
D. Must you
B. must be help
10. It’s early! ……………………….. go?
A. Do you must
B. Must you have to
Choose the word that is most nearly opposite in meaning to the word in capital letters.
1. UNAPPROACHABLE
a. casual
b. impenetrable
c. unclear
d. withdrawn
e. accessible
8. MINIMUM
a. valley
b. median
c. apex
d. mean
e. floor
15. CORROBORATE
a. refute
b. refrain
c. research
d. affirm
e. substantiate
2. INSERT
a. adhere
b. admit
c. extract
d. boost
e. embed
9. FORTIFY
a. dispute
b. alarm
c. support
d. sap
e. intensify
16. MOCK
a. imitate
b. praise
c. condemn
d. taunt
e. penalize
3. EVERYDAY
a. eerie
b. unruly
c. routine
d. tedious
e. familiar
10. BIASED
a. inclined
b. disastrous
c. neutral
d. unfair
e. injurious
17. POTENT
a. efficient
b. inordinate
c. powerful
d. ineffectual
e. informative
4. DEMOLISH
a. raze
b. impair
c. generate
d. elevate
e. endorse
11. DISHARMONY
a. condition
b. consensus
c. dispute
d. discussion
e. compromise
18. CALAMITY
a. fluke
b. catastrophe
c. omen
d. coincidence
e. disease
5. UNSETTLED
a. vague
b. indeterminate
c. straightforward
d. accurate
e. conclusive
12. SANE
a. grotesque
b. demented
c. arrogant
d. rational
e. cryptic
19. ANTIQUATED
a. fanciful
b. bygone
c. habitual
d. showy
e. contemporary
6. CEREMONIOUS
a. momentous
b. stately
c. proper
d. informal
e. offensive
13. GLOOMY
a. festive
b. dreary
c. generic
d. haphazard
e. defiant
20. RESPECTFUL
a. obedient
b. courteous
c. offensive
d. civil
e. devious
7. UNKNOWN
a. celebrated
b. secret
c. exotic
d. successful
e. irrelevant
14. CONCLUSION
a. summary
b. outcome
c. incidence
d. incursion
e. inception
21. AGONY
a. comfort
b. anguish
c. success
d. grief
security
22. MYRIAD
a. mass
b. scarcity
c. void
d. excess
e. pyramid
25. MULTIPLY
a. bisect
b. accumulate
c. lessen
d. deliver
e. add
28. MANUAL
a. improved
b. antiquated
c. standard
d. industrialized
e. automated
23. GRATIFY
a. puncture
b. coddle
c. disappoint
d. fatigue
e. thrill
26. MISUNDERSTAND
a. grasp
b. analyze
c. nurture
d. instruct
e. reminisce
29. JUSTIFY
a. explain
b. rationalize
c. apologize
d. pardon
e. invalidate
24. CULTIVATE
a. labor
b. neglect
c. renounce
d. further
e. cede
27. SUBSEQUENT
a. consequential
b. illogical
c. later
d. former
e. consistent
30. PUNISHMENT
a. profit
b. purgatory
c. penalty
d. bounty
e. abuse
COMPLETE THE SENTENCES
1) If my grandfather were younger, he _________ so many things.
2) If I _________ more money, I would buy a new car.
3) If she had an umbrella, she _________ wet.
4) If we ________ a car, we would get there in 30 minutes.
5) You wouldn't feel so tired if you ________ more.
6) I ________ more careful if I were you.
7) He ________ much happier If he changed jobs.
8) I ________ on a trip around the world if I won the lottery.
9) If I were a millionaire, ________ a mansion.
10) If you spoke less and listened more , _________
11) If we opened an office in Tokyo, _________
12) If we controlled our expenses a bit better ,_________
Circle the correct words to complete the text.
I’m not sure, but I think I 1might / will join PickUp, the recycling campaign in our community. The next PickUp
campaign 2starts / will start at 10 a.m. next Saturday morning in the park, so I 3’m meet / ’m meeting my
friends for coffee at 9.30, then we’ve decided that we 4’re going to ask / ’re asking the organizers if we can
join. I hope it 5’ll be / ’s going to be a fun and rewarding thing to do. My friend Jo 6will bring / is going to bring
some large bags to put rubbish in. She’s already bought them. And Simon, my other friend, has promised that
he 7brings / ’ll bring some bags, too. Our actions 8may / will definitely change our community for the better!
Complete each of the sentences below with the correct form of the adjective.
1.
Jeremy is 10 years old. Jenny is 8 years old.
Jeremy is (old) ____________ ______ Jenny.
2.
The Alps are very high. They are (high) _____ _______________ mountains in Europe.
3.
An ocean is very large. It is (large) ____________ _______ a sea.
4.
A Rolls Royce costs a lot of money. A Twingo costs less.
A Rolls Royce is (expensive) _______ ________________ _____ a Twingo.
5.
John's results were bad. Fred's were very poor.
Fred's results were (bad) _________ _____ John's.
6.
This exercise is not very difficult. It's ____________ ______ I expected.
7.
The weather is not good today. It's raining
I hope the weather will be (good) _____________ next week.
8.
People are not very friendly in big cities.
They are usually (friendly) ________________ in small towns.
9.
In a republic, the President is (important) _____ ______ _______________ person.
10.
People say that Chinese is (difficult) ______ ____________ to learn than English.
Complete the description with the words below.
sensitive shy determined easy-going
assertive lazy arrogant emotional modest stubborn
My relatives are so different! My brother John, for instance, is 1____________ and relaxed all the time. He
never gets angry or bad-tempered. He’s very 2____________ , too. He can sing and play the piano, but he
never talks about how talented he is. In contrast, Simon is very 3____________ – he’s always telling people
that he’s so clever and so good at sport, and he’s 4____________ , too – he never does what I tell him to do –
even when I give him good advice! It really annoys me. Amy is 5____________ – she lacks confidence and
doesn’t like being the centre of attention. But, on the plus side, she always seems to know when I’m feeling
sad or depressed. She’s so 6____________ . Adam, my cousin, is more 7____________ . He has a strong
personality and says what he thinks. He’s also a very 8____________ person, who, if he has a difficult task to
do, works hard until he’s achieved it. His 9____________ brother Hugh, however, gets up late and never does
any work. Then there’s cousin Julie! She’s the most 10____________ person I know – she’s always crying or
laughing! What a family!
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs below and circle the correct prepositions.
lead
head
connect
drive
wind
cut
1. On summer weekends, we jump in the car and ____________ of / for / at the beach. It’s the only place to
go when it’s hot!
2. The mountain road ____________ for / around / after Mount Hazel, so drive slowly because there are
lots of turns and it’s dangerous.
3. ‘Do you know where the Ohio River ____________ at / on / to the Mississippi River?’ ‘I think it’s at Cairo,
Illinois. That’s the place where the two major rivers join.’
4. If you want to get to the shop quickly, ____________ off / through / over the park. It’s a much shorter
route.
5. Don’t walk down unmarked forest paths. You don’t know where they’ll ____________ to / for / on. You
could get lost.
6. If you’re in your car, just ____________ along / after / with this minor road for fifty kilometres and you’ll
see the hotel.
CORRECT THE MISTAKES
THE TITANIC
The Titanic was biggest and expensivest ship in the
world. He was built in Ireland in
1911. First voyage of the Titanic
was from Europe to America. In a ship
there were about 1200 passengers. The rich
passengers was on the upper decks and the
poor passengers on the lower decks.
On 14 April 1918 the Titanic hitted an
iceberg. The iceberg make a big hole in the
side of the Titanic and the ship began to
sink.
Some people survived because he got into
a lifeboat. Many other people died when
they fall into the freezing water.
Martin Luther King
Martin Luther King born at January 15 1929
in Atlanta, Georgia. He had a brother and
a sister, and live in a large house with
his parents and grandmother. His father, who
was the grandson of the slave, worked in
a bank and was
important person in the
black community of Atlanta. Martin had a
happy and comfortable life at home with
his family but as soon as he left his
parents, he have problems because of his
colour. At that time in some parts of the
USA black people was not allowed to use
white people's toilets, and must give up
their seat on the bus if a white person
wanted to sit down. Martin couldn't used
the same libraries or parks as white boys,
and he was not allowed to go to the
same school. One day Martin made friends
with two white brothers, but when their
mother founded out he was black, she
forbade them to play with him. This hurt
Martin very much, and he promised himself
he will fight for the rights of black people
when he got older.
English in Europe
English has without a 1) ______________ become the second language of Europe and the world. European
countries which have most 2) ______________ assimilated English into daily life are England's neighbours in
Northern Europe: Ireland, the Netherlands, Sweden, Norway, and the 3)____________ of Scandanavia.
The situation is so 4) ______________ that any visitor to the Netherlands will soon be 5) ______ of the pressure
of English on daily life: television, radio and print 6) __________ it into every home and the schoolyard
7) _____________ of children; advertisers use it to 8) __________ up their message, journalists take refuge in it
when their home-bred skills 9) ___________ them. Increasingly one hears the 10) ______________ that Dutch
will give way to English as the national tongue within two or three generations ...
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
a) question
a) successfully
a) rest
a) plain
a) ignorant
a) guide
a) conversation
a) life
a) succeed
a) feeling
b) doubt
b) victorious
b) additional
b) open
b) aware
b) bring
b) head-to-head
b) energy
b) fall
b) posture
c) problem
c) successful
c) remaining
c) blatant
c) oblivious
c) shift
c) consultation
c) enthusiasm
c) fail
c) judgement
d) thought
d) lucrative
d) extra
d) marked
d) acquainted
d) haul
d) dialogue
d) pep
d) fizzle
d) view
CHOOSE THE CORRECT ONE
Minerals
Do you remember the last time you picked up a pebble? Maybe it was as clear as glass. Minerals formed the
colors and patterns in the pebble. A mineral/rock is a solid, nonliving substance that occurs naturally/often in
rocks or in the ground. Every mineral has unique properties. Earth's surface is rock/ salt,a solid substance made
of minerals. Rock can be made of many minerals/planets or of one mineral with different-sized grains.
There are more than 4,000 minerals/vitamins Many of them look alike. Doctors/ Scientists use the minerals'
physical properties to tell them apart. For example, scientists can compare the hardness of two minerals by how
easily they can be scratched Gypsum and calcite can look alike, but gypsum is easier to scratch /see than calcite.
The way a mineral reflects light is its luster. Two minerals may be the same color, but one may have
a snowy/shiny luster and the other a dull luster.
When you rub a mineral across a surface, the mineral leaves a streak of powder. This colored streak /pencil can
help scientist identify two minerals that look alike.
Minerals have other properties/friends too. Is the mineral magnetic? What shape are its
crystals? Two/ten minerals might look alike and share some properties, but they don't share
all minerals/properties Gold and pyrite are both shiny and gold in color. Pyrite is sometimes called 'fools
gold'/iron because people have mistaken it for gold. Gold is much softer than pyrite. Gold leaves a golden streak.
Pyrite's streak/ break is greenish black.
“Fall” Phrasal Verbs - Definitions
fall back on: to have a “backup plan”; to have a plan that you can use in an emergency
•
You should get a college degree, so just in case you are not successful as a singer, you will have
something to fall back on.
fall behind: to progress more slowly than others; to be at a lower level than others
•
If you don’t pay attention in class, you will fall behind and fail the test.
•
I was sick for a week, so I fell behind in class. Now I have to do extra work just to catch up.
fall for: 1) to be attracted to someone; to fall in love with someone
2) to believe a lie; to be tricked by someone; to be gullible
•
Jane fell for Bill the first time she laid eyes on him. It was love at first sight.
•
I told Mike that it was snowing in the desert and he believed me! That guy falls for everything!
•
She always falls for “bad boys” because she thinks they are attractive. The problem is, they always treat
her badly.
•
We tried to convince Joel that there are 32 days in April, but he didn’t fall for it.
fall into: to “end up” doing something that you hadn’t planned to do or didn’t originally want to do
•
Jerad used to be a model student, but recently he fell into the wrong crowd and has been getting into
trouble.
fall off: to decrease (especially: sales, numbers, profits, etc.)
•
After the holiday peak season, sales usually fall off until the summer.
•
During the 2009 financial crisis, sales of new homes fell off dramatically.
fall through: if a plan is unsuccessful or an expectation is not met, you say it “fell through”
•
You should get a college degree, so just in case your singing career falls through, you’ll have something to
fall back on.
•
We were going to go camping this weekend, but our plans fell through due to the rain.
Fill in the blanks with the correct words to complete these “Fall” phrasal verbs.
1. Every time John points at my chest, I look down and then he hits my face with
his finger. I can’t believe I _____________ that stupid trick every time!
2. When I broke my leg, I couldn’t go to school for a month, so I really
_______________ in class and had to get a tutor.
3. I planned to buy a new car, but my plans ____________ when I lost my job.
4. Patrick started hanging out with the wrong crowd, and he gradually
____________ a life of crime and drug addiction.
5. When I was in the hospital, the nurse and I _____________ each other. We
started dating and got married before my broken leg had even healed!
6. Sales of CDs ____________ sharply after mp3s were introduced on the market.
7. Working part-time as a mechanic is a great opportunity. That way, if I ever have
a hard time finding a job, I’ll have something useful to _____________.
CHOOSE THE CORRECT ONE
Film Making
Filmmaking began when Joseph Nicéphore invented photography /videosSince that time, it has been possible to
take a physical /picture image of something. Filmmaking really started when the Thaumatrope was invented.
After that, scientists /cameras made different devices. Phenakistoscopes, Zootropes,
Zoetropes, Praxinoscopes /Ninnyscopes and Kinetoscopes were made. Then, a great experiment/idea was
conducted. Mr. E. Muybridge created a sort of flip book/frog by setting up a row of cameras/monkeys and
then having an animal walk across the background. Then he programed every one of the cameras to go off one
after the other. The animal was photographed in every single position so that people could study/brush the
animal's movements. Later, Mr. Muybridge's pictures were displayed in the University of Pennsylvania/the
bathroom . Once film projectors were invented, a lot of people could study things such as a jaguar pouncing, an
ostrich walking or a horse trotting. These things were new to them. Nobody had seen/tasted these things
before. Soon, scientists invented a way to record their movements using a single camera. They no longer had to
take a lot of pictures using a row of cameras. The video camera/movie had been born.
Internet Safety
Twenty centuries/years ago, kids in school had never even heard of the internet. Now, I'll bet you can't find a
single person in your school who hasn't at least heard of it. In fact, many of us use it on a regular basis and even
have access to it from our homes! The'net' in tv/internet really stands for network. A network/radio is two or
more computers connected together so that information can be shared/listened , or sent from one computer to
another. The internet is a vast resource for all types of information. You may enjoy using it to do research for a
school project, downloading your favorite songs or communicating with friends and family. Information is
accessed through web pages that companies, organizations and individuals create and post. It's kind of like a
giant bulletin board that the whole world uses! But since anyone can put/smell anything on the internet, you
also have to be careful and use your best judgement and a little common sense.
Just because you read something on a piece of paper someone sticks on a bulletin board doesn't mean it's good
information, or even correct, for that matter. So you have to be sure that whoever posted
the internet/information knows what they're talking about, especially if you're doing research/lunch! But what if
you're just emailing people? You still have to be very careful. If you've never met the person that you're
communicating with online, you could be on dangerous land/ground! You should never give out any personal
information to someone you don't know, not even your name! And just like you can't find/believe the
information on every website out there, you can't rely on what strangers you 'meet' on the internet tell you
either. Just like you could make up things about yourself to tell someone, someone else could do the same to
you!
“The Beach Trip”
Directions: Read the story below. Then finish it with your own writing.
I had a fun day today. I went to the beach with my family. It was my first time I had gone to the
beach in North Carolina. We woke up early and drove for two hours until we reached the beach. There was a lot
of traffic. We finally found a parking spot and walked to the sand. It was pretty outside and the beach was very
crowded. There were a lot of kids playing. My dad set up a big umbrella. I laid my towel out on the sand. My
mom helped me put on sunscreen. I didn’t want to get sunburned. I walked down to the water and stuck my toes
in. The water was warm. It felt good. I walked back to my family and told my brother to come swimming with me.
“I don’t want to,” he said.
“Why not?” I asked.
“I’m afraid of sharks,” he said.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
“Finding Muffin”
Directions: Read the story below. Then finish it with your own writing.
I am having a bad day today. I woke up this morning and my mom told me that my dog, Muffin, is
missing. Muffin lives outside in our backyard. The door of the fence that surrounds our backyard was open this
morning when my mom woke up. My mom walked around our neighborhood and called Muffin’s name but he
did not come home. She asked all of our neighbors but no one has seen Muffin since yesterday. I decided that I
am going to make signs to hang all over town, so if someone finds Muffin, they can call my family. I called my
next door neighbor, Kelly, to see if she wanted to help me make the signs.
Kelly came over and we made signs with a picture of Muffin and my phone number. Muffin is a big,
friendly Golden Retriever. He is five years old but he still acts like a puppy. Before we left to hang up our
signs, I put a bowl of Muffin’s favorite treats by the fence door.
Kelly and I went to the supermarket first. We asked the cashier if we could hang up a sign on the
wall. She said yes and wished us luck. Next, we went to the library. The librarian told us that she saw a
Golden Retriever walking past the library while she was outside during her lunch break. She said that it was
walking in the direction of the playground, so we decided to go there next.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
“Hold” Phrasal Verbs – Definitions
hold (it) against (someone): to ‘hold a grudge’; to stay angry at someone for a long time because of something
they did in the past; to blame someone and stay angry at them.
•
I know you’re angry that the police officer gave you a ticket, but don’t hold it against him. He was just
doing his job.
•
Craig said some really mean things to me on Saturday night, but he was under a lot of stress, so I guess I
shouldn’t hold it against him.
hold (x) down: to keep a job
•
Brett has always struggled with addiction. He has never been able to hold down a job for more than a
month or two.
hold on (or: hang on): to wait briefly; to “wait a minute”
•
Hold on! I’m talking on the phone right now. I’ll talk to you in a minute.
•
I’ll help you with your homework after I finish making dinner. Just hold on a few minutes.
hold out (for): to continue resisting; to continue waiting for something; to refuse to reach an agreement with
someone for an extended amount of time (you use “for” when you want to say “why” someone is holding out—
for more money, for a better option, etc.)
•
The striking workers are holding out for higher wages. They refuse to return to work until their demands
are met.
•
The baseball star is refusing to sign a contract with his team. He is holding out for more money.
•
I want to buy that new computer, but I think I will hold out until the price comes down a little.
hold up (or: stick up): to steal money from a person, business or bank, usually with a weapon (gun, knife, etc.)
•
The criminal was sent to jail for 10 years for holding up the convenience store.
•
I was held up at knifepoint (or gunpoint) last night! It was the most terrifying experience of my life!
“Hold” Phrasal Verbs – Worksheet
Fill in the blanks with the correct words to complete these “hold” phrasal verbs.
1. I don’t think I’m going to renew my contract with the company yet. I think I deserve more money. I know it’s a
bit risky ___________________ for more money, but it’s a risk I’m willing to take.
2. Pat: We’re going to go to the beach now.
David: I just have to write two more sentences in this paper. If you guys can
_______________ for two minutes, I’ll go with you.
3. Lilian: What will you do if you lose your job? Do you have anything to fall back on?
Jeff: No, I don’t have a college degree, and I don’t have much work experience. I don’t know what I’ll do. Maybe
I’ll ________________ a convenience store!
Lilian: That’s not funny!
4. Last week I made a stupid joke about Claire’s weight when she was talking to the guy she likes. She’s still mad
at me. I don’t think she’ll ever forgive me. She’s going to ________ that _________ me for the rest of my life!
5. My mom said that if I can prove that I’m responsible enough to _______________ a job for one year, she’ll buy
me a car.
6. Everyone else in the class has agreed to pay $5 to go on the field trip, but Beth still hasn’t agreed. Why is she
_______________?
BANANA CAKE
Ingredients







125g butter
150g caster sugar
1 teaspoon vanilla extract
1 egg, beaten
2 very ripe bananas, mashed
190g self raising flour
60ml milk
Method
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
enjoy!
Grease and line a 2lb loaf tin. Melt butter, sugar and vanilla in a saucepan over a medium heat.
Remove from heat and add the mashed bananas, mix well.
Add the egg, mix well.
Stir in the flour and the milk.
Pour into the prepared tin, sprinkle with a tablespoon of demerara sugar to give a crunch topping if liked.
Bake at 170 C / Fan 150 C / Gas 3 for 35 minutes, or until a skewer comes out clean. Leave to cool and
Ultimate Chocolate Pudding
INGREDIENTS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
¼ cup sugar
¼ cup cornstarch
2 tablespoons unsweetened cocoa powder
pinch kosher salt
2 cups whole milk
4 large egg yolks
2 tablespoons unsalted butter, cut into pieces
3 ounces semisweet chocolate, chopped
1 teaspoon pure vanilla extract
whipped cream, for serving
DIRECTIONS
1.
Set a fine-mesh sieve over a medium bowl. In a medium saucepan, whisk together the sugar, cornstarch,
cocoa, and salt. Gradually whisk in the milk, then the egg yolks.
2.
Cook the milk mixture over medium heat, whisking constantly, until thickened to the consistency of
mayonnaise, 7 to 8 minutes. Continue to cook, whisking, for 1 minute more. Remove from heat and pour through
the sieve into the bowl, pushing the mixture through gently with a rubber spatula or spoon. Add the butter and
chocolate and stir until melted. Mix in the vanilla.
3.
Press a piece of plastic wrap directly on the surface of the pudding and refrigerate for at least 2 hours
and up to 2 days. Before serving, gently stir the pudding to loosen it. Serve with the whipped cream.
CHOOSE THE CORRECT ONE
Journey to the Amazon
Last year, I decided 1____________ the Amazon rainforest in Brazil. I don’t regret 2____________ on such a long,
dangerous 3____________ through kilometres of thick vegetation. The rainforest is a vast and majestic place. A
quarter of all known land species 4____________ the forest, including the jaguar, the river dolphin, the world’s
largest flower, a monkey the size of a toothbrush and a spider the size of a baseball. There are many more
species there, but we 5____________ them all yet.
On the fifth of March, I 6____________ back to Brazil to join an environmental project in an area of the Amazon
rainforest with no trees. I 7____________ my ticket. Twenty years ago, this area 8____________ to a group of
indigenous people, but, more recently, a logging company has owned it. I’ve 9____________ to work with no pay
on the project. We’ve got a clear plan. We 10____________ hundreds of trees. The trees in the Amazon rainforest
store 80 to 120 billion tonnes of carbon, helping to stabilize the planet’s climate, so it’s vital that we protect
them.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
a visit
a go
a trek
a will inhabit
a don’t discover
a to fly
a already buy
a belongs
a volunteered
a planted
b visiting
b going
b tour
b inhabits
b haven’t discovered
b am flying
b already bought
b will belong
b aided
b plant
c to visit
c to go
c voyage
c is inhabiting
c didn’t discover
c could fly
c ’ve already bought
c would belong
c donated
c are going to plant
d to visiting
d to going
d excursion
d are inhabiting
d weren’t discovering
d flies
d was already buying
d used to belong
d raised
d may replant
Match them….
A. if you call out a technician to repair it.
It will start to rain heavily
B. the telephone and the doorbell will ring
If a bus finally arrives,
together.
C. the electricity will go out ten minutes before
it begins.
If you are looking for your new blue sweater,
You will open an e-mail with a virus
Your television/computer will work perfectly
D. if you are waiting for a bus.
If you organize a large dinner party,
E. your gate will be the furthest away.
If you get into the bath with a big book and a glass of
F. if you use your friend's new computer.
wine,
G. it will be in the last drawer you open.
If you are late for your flight,
H. it will not be the one you want.
“Live” Phrasal Verbs - Definitions
live (x) down: to stop being embarrassed about something; to get over the shame from an embarrassing event.
 I can’t believe I fell off the stage when I was singing the solo. I’ll never live that down!
 When the pretty girl said “Hi” to him, James tripped on his shoelaces and fell. He’ll never live that down.
live it up: to have a good time while you can; to spend a lot of money and party
 My bachelor party is next week. My friends and I are going to go to Las Vegas and live it up one last time
before I tie the knot*.
live off / live on: to use some source of money to support oneself
 Monica doesn’t have to work. She can live off her father’s inheritance for the rest of her life.
 This job is really tiring, but at least the salary is enough to live on and I’m able tomake ends meet*.
live up to: to meet the expectations, standards, or hopes of someone (usually a parent or respected friend)
 Since he was a young child, everyone expected Brian to become a star basketball player because of his
height. It was almost impossible for him to live up to the hype.
 I heard this movie was one of the best of the decade, but it didn’t quite live up to the expectations. I give
it three out of four stars.
 Michael Jordan was often called the greatest basketball player ever, and he consistently lived up to this
title.
live with: to accept/endure something even though it is undesirable or less than ideal (similar to “make do”)
 I know that you wish you had a bigger bedroom, but this is the best house we can afford, so you’ll just
have to live with it.
 Celebrities have to learn to live with the paprazzi. There is nothing they can do about the constant
photographs, even though it is really annoying.
*tie the knot = get married
*make ends meet = to have enough money to pay for your basic necessities
“Live” Phrasal Verbs - Worksheet
Fill in the blanks with the correct words to complete these “live” phrasal verbs.
1. My father, grandfather, and great-grandfather were all famous politicians, so I have some big expectations to
_______________ to.
2. During my first semester in college, I was really _______________, partying every night and waking up late.
However, I quickly ran out of the money that my parents had given me, and I had to _____________ the little
money that I got from my part-time job.
3. John: I don’t want a used car! I want a new car! All of my friends have new cars!
Dad: Tough! I’m not made of money. You’ll just have to _______________ it.
4. Jessica’s friends posted embarrassing pictures of her on Facebook last week.
She’s never going to ________ that __________.
5. The baseball player was named “Rookie of the Year” last year, but this year he has been unable to
______________ that title, and he was sent to the minor leagues.
6. When I was homeless, I was able to _____________ the spare change that people gave me.
7. People still talk about the time the famous singer fell off the stage and hurt herself, even though that was
several years ago. She’ll never be able to ________________.
8. I don’t want to stay home for New Year’s Eve. I want to go _______________ and party with all of my friends!
Finding the Main Idea
Directions: After reading the paragraph, write a sentence stating the main idea.
Paragraph 1
It has been said that to feel well, you must eat well. That is true, but you also need to get adequate amounts of
exercise. The combination of a nutritious diet and an exercise program is the best thing you can do for yourself
and those that love you. With a proper diet, you will more easily maintain the proper weight and get the
nutrients your body needs to function properly. Add exercise to the mix, and maintaining the proper weight
becomes easier. A proper diet consists of fresh foods that are low in fat and sugar, high in fiber, and includes
plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables. This type of diet will help you ward off diabetes, high blood pressure, high
cholesterol, and many forms of cancer. By adding exercise, you are keeping your heart healthy and your joints
functioning properly, which also helps ward off the same diseases as well as arthritis. Recent studies have also
shown that proper diet and exercise helps keep people mentally fit also by lowering the risk of a stroke and even
lowering your risk for developing Alzheimer's or other forms of dementia. So as you can see, proper diet and
adequate exercise may just be the key to helping you live longer and healthier.
The main idea of the paragraph is:
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2
The history of surgery is fascinating. When we think of surgeons today, we think of highly educated doctors who
have trained for years in their specialty area. Surgeons of today are very skilled and have a very high success rate.
They operate in sterile conditions and with the aid of imaging such as x‐ray, CT scans, or MRIs. But this wasn't
always the case. In fact, in the Middle Ages, the barbers in a community were also the surgeons. Can you imagine
that? Going to the same place for surgery that you would to get your hair cut. Seems strange to us today, but it
was the common practice in those days. They also knew nothing about sterile techniques and even operated
without gloves. They also used rudimentary tools such as saws and pliers. The worst part, there was no
anesthesia. Sadly, most surgery patients died from infection. They also didn't understand the way the body
worked at that time. They would drill holes in people's head to let the demons out and cut off a leg with a rusty
saw. It is a wonder that anybody survived a surgery during those times. Over the years, surgical techniques
improved and eventually evolved into the highly trained field it is today. We are lucky to live in a time in which
medical advancements abound.
The main idea of the paragraph is:
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 3
It has been said that to feel well, you must eat well. That is true, but you also need to get adequate amounts of
exercise. The combination of a nutritious diet and an exercise program is the best thing you can do for yourself
and those that love you. With a proper diet, you will more easily maintain the proper weight and get the
nutrients your body needs to function properly. Add exercise to the mix, and maintaining the proper weight
becomes easier. A proper diet consists of fresh foods that are low in fat and sugar, high in fiber, and includes
plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables. This type of diet will help you ward off diabetes, high blood pressure, high
cholesterol, and many forms of cancer. By adding exercise, you are keeping your heart healthy and your joints
functioning properly, which also helps ward off the same diseases as well as arthritis. Recent studies have also
shown that proper diet and exercise helps keep people mentally fit also by lowering the risk of a stroke and even
lowering your risk for developing Alzheimer's or other forms of dementia. So as you can see, proper diet and
adequate exercise may just be the key to helping you live longer and healthier.
The main idea of the paragraph is:
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 4
The history of surgery is fascinating. When we think of surgeons today, we think of highly educated doctors who
have trained for years in their specialty area. Surgeons of today are very skilled and have a very high success rate.
They operate in sterile conditions and with the aid of imaging such as x‐ray, CT scans, or MRIs. But this wasn't
always the case. In fact, in the Middle Ages, the barbers in a community were also the surgeons. Can you imagine
that? Going to the same place for surgery that you would to get your hair cut. Seems strange to us today, but it
was the common practice in those days. They also knew nothing about sterile techniques and even operated
without gloves. They also used rudimentary tools such as saws and pliers. The worst part, there was no
anesthesia. Sadly, most surgery patients died from infection. They also didn't understand the way the body
worked at that time. They would drill holes in people's head to let the demons out and cut off a leg with a rusty
saw. It is a wonder that anybody survived a surgery during those times. Over the years, surgical techniques
improved and eventually evolved into the highly trained field it is today. We are lucky to live in a time in which
medical advancements abound.
The main idea of the paragraph is:
____________________________________________________________________________________________
"Make" Phrasal Verbs – Definitions
make up: to reconcile; when two people forgive each other after a fight or disagreement
 John and his wife had a big argument last night, but they eventually made up.
 You and Jessica need to make up. You shouldn’t let one argument ruin your friendship!
make (x) up: to invent a story, to use your imagination to say something that isn’t true or real
 My daughter likes to make up stories about her invisible friend.
make out: when two people kiss for a long time
 The two students got caught making out in the janitor’s closet at school.
make (x) out: to be able to see something clearly
 This newspaper is too old. I can’t even make out what the headline says.
 This student’s writing is too small. Can you make this word out?
make do (with): to accept or use something that is not what you really want, because you can’t have the thing
that you really want; to accept what you have, because it’s good enough
 I don’t have any more pens. You’ll have to make do with a pencil.
 My father lost his job last week. I guess we’ll just have to make do with less this Christmas.
make (A) into (B): to change one thing (A) into another thing (B)
 I can’t believe you made that old log into such a beautiful guitar!
make over (noun or verb): To change or improve one’s appearance
 Julia went to the salon and got a complete makeover. I barely recognized her!
 On this TV show, they make over housewives to look like models!
make off (with): to steal and get away; to escape with something stolen
 The bank robber made off with over one million dollars!
"Make" Phrasal Verbs
Fill in the blanks with the correct words to complete these “make” phrasal verbs.
1. Mark: I wish we lived in a bigger house!
Mom: Well, Mark. We can’t afford a bigger house right now. We’ll just have to ______________ with the house
we have.
2. Sarah and her boyfriend sat in the back of the movie theater and ___________ during the whole movie.
They wasted their money on a movie ticket, because they didn’t even see the movie!
3. Ever since Anne had a baby, she hasn’t had time to buy clothes or worry about her appearance. So I’m going to
get her a _______________ for her birthday!
4. That’s it! You two have been fighting long enough! I want you both to sit in this room, and you can’t come out
until you’ve _______________.
5. Dad: Why don’t you want to throw away that old shirt?
Jake: I’m going to cut off the sleeves and ________________ a tank top so I can wear it this summer!
6. Bernie Madoff was sent to jail, but not before he _______________ millions of dollars and caused many
people to lose their life savings
7. An international team of archaeologists is working to _______________ the words on the recently discovered
stone tablet from Egypt.
8. Bill: John said that his parents are going to give him a new car!
Brian: Don’t listen to him. He’s always ________ things _______. You can’t believe anything he says.
“Pull” Phrasal Verbs – Definitions
pull ahead: to move in the lead, to move ahead of the other people (in a race or contest, for example)
 The two drivers were neck in neck* for most of the race, and it wasn’t until the very end that one of
them pulled ahead and won.
pull for: to support or cheer for a person/team
 Most people were pulling for New Orleans to win the Super Bowl because they were the underdogs.
 Even though I don’t really care about the Winter Olympics, I’m pulling for Canada to beat the US in the
hockey championship because I’m Canadian.
pull (x) off: to accomplish something difficult
 I couldn’t believe it! New Orleans pulled off the upset and won the Super Bowl!
 Even though Canada was favored to beat the US, they weren’t able to pull it off and lost 2-1.
pull (x) over: to drive your car to the side of the road and stop (when a police officer turns on his/her lights, for
example)
 What’s that noise? Quick! Pull over! I think you have a flat tire!
 The cop pulled me over because my tail light was out.
pull up: to drive your car (slowly) forward (when parking or stopping at a place, for example)
 You’re not in the parking space yet. You need to pull up a little more.
 If you don’t want to go inside the restaurant, you can just pull up to the drive-through window.
pull yourself together!: to calm down and stop panicking (you say this when someone is crying, yelling, or very
scared, for example)
 I know you’re sad about breaking up with your girlfriend, but it’s already been several weeks. You need
to pull yourself together and get on with your life. There are plenty of fish in the sea!*
*neck in neck = tied, very close to each other
*plenty of fish in the sea = many other suitable girlfriends/boyfriends
“Pull” Phrasal Verbs - Worksheet
Fill in the blanks with the correct words to complete these “pull” phrasal verbs.
1. Patrick (at a fast food restaurant): I’d like two hamburgers, medium fries, and a small cola.
Clerk: That’s two hamburgers, medium fries, and a small cola. Your total is $2.59. Please _______________ to the
next window.
2. Wendy: Good luck at the tennis tournament this afternoon. We’ll all be in the stands cheering and
_______________ you to win!
3. Evan: You should slow down, Todd. There are a lot of police on this road. You don’t want to get ___________.
4. Russia and Canada were tied in the Winter Olympics medal count with 20 medals each. However, after winning
the skiing event, Russia _____________ and now has 21.
5. The Lakers were down by 20 points at the beginning of the fourth quarter, yet they still managed to ________
a victory, thanks to Kobe Bryant, who scored 16 points in just 3 minutes.
6. Bill: Ahhhh! There’s a fire!!!!! Oh no!!!!! Wahhhhhh!!!!
Jane: Hey! You’ve got to ____________________! If we panic, we’ll never get out of here. Quick, follow me out
the fire escape!
Read the following paragraphs and identify or highlight the main ideas.
Insurance should be considered a necessity. A couple needs medical coverage, automobile coverage, and life
insurance. If they own a home, they need fire insurance also. Couples should start with a medical policy that
protects them against catastrophic illness and then, as children arrive, change to broader coverage. This pattern
should also be followed with life insurance. The couple should buy term insurance, increasing the amount of the
coverage as needed to protect family members.
Ans.: _______________________________________________________________________________________
In some situations you do want immediate participation. On the other hand, formal speakers must cover their
subject and stay within their allotted time. Unreasonable numbers of questions and interruptions have ruined an
otherwise good speech and have shaken an experienced speaker. The solution to the problem lies in the word
control. Speakers must retain control. They must control audience participation in such a way as to do justice to
the audience, the material to be covered, and the time restrictions placed upon their speech.
Ans.: ________________________________________________________________________________________
The cotton blossom, which appears about one hundred days after planting, is beautiful. Creamy white or light
yellow the first day, it changes to pink, lavender, or red on the second day. But the petals drop off after about
forty-eight hours, leaving the boll or seed pod in which the fibers form. Fifty to eighty days later the pod bursts
open, and the fleecy cotton fibers are ready for picking.
Ans.: ________________________________________________________________________________________
When we talk we rarely trust the words alone to convey our messages. We shift our weight, stand close to the
other person or far away, wave our arms, smile or frown, speak loudly or softly, touch or don’t touch, or use
other nonverbal behaviors to emphasize or clarify what our words mean. We communicate by the way we sit or
stand, straighten our clothing, place our hands, manipulate a glass, and so forth. Consciously and unconsciously,
we use nonverbal behaviors to communicate our feelings, likings, and preferences as well as to reinforce the
meanings of our words.
Ans.: ________________________________________________________________________________________
Each occupation or profession lays the groundwork for people being much alike. They receive about the same
income. They probably live in the same kind of neighborhood. And they will speak the same specialized language
that is associated with their kind of work. Finally, they will probably belong to the same union or association. Yes,
people who work at the same kind of job certainly do have much in common.
Ans.: _______________________________________________________________________________________
Probably the most poisonous snake found in Arizona is the Sonoran coral snake, a small reptile averaging about
eighteen inches in length. Actually a coral snake is a shy animal with highly dangerous venom. Fortunately the
snake’s head is so small that its jaws can be opened only a little distance, but it can bite a human between the
fingers of the hand or strike at the fingers or the hand of a small child.
Ans.: ________________________________________________________________________________________
Most twins are fraternal, which means they developed from two separate eggs which were fertilized at the
same time. Such twins are no more similar in physical characteristics than are any other brothers or sisters.
About a third of twins are identical, which means they developed from a single fertilized egg, and usually share a
common placenta. Unlike fraternal twins, their genetic makeup is identical, so they have very similar physical
characteristics, and are always the same sex.
Ans.: _____________________________________________________________________________________
RIDDLES
1) Who makes it, has no need of it.
Who buys it, has no use for it.
Who uses it can neither see nor feel it.
What is it?
2) What can travel around the world while staying in a corner?
3) What can travel around the world while staying in a corner?
4) What gets wetter and wetter the more it dries?
5) There was a green house. Inside the green house there was a white house. Inside
the white house there was a red house. Inside the red house there were lots of
babies. What is it?
6) What kind of room has no doors or windows?
7) Which word in the dictionary is spelled incorrectly?
8) If you have me, you want to share me. If you share me, you
haven't got me. What am I?
9) What gets broken without being held?
10) Feed me and I live, yet give me a drink and I die.
11) A man is pushing his car along the road when he comes to a hotel. He
shouts, "I'm bankrupt!" Why?
12) He has married many women, but has never been married. Who is he?
13) Take off my skin - I won't cry, but you will! What am I?
14) What can you catch but not throw?
15) What is as light as a feather, but even the world's strongest man couldn't hold it
for more than a minute?
16) A basket contains 5 apples. Do you know how to divide them among 5 kids so that
each one has an apple and one apple stays in the basket?
17) There are a few trees in a garden. On one of them, a pear tree, there are pears
(quite logical). But after a strong wind blew, there were neither pears on the tree
nor on the ground.
How come?
18) A poor farmer went to the market to sell some peas and lentils. However, as he had
only one sack and didn't want to mix peas and lentils, he poured in the peas first, tied
the sack in the middle, and then filled the top portion of the sack with the lentils. At the
market a rich innkeeper happened by with his own sack. He wanted to buy the peas,
but he did not want the lentils.
Pouring the seed anywhere else but the sacks is considered soiling. Trading sacks is not
allowed. The farmer can't cut a hole in his sack.
How would you transfer the peas to the innkeeper's sack, which he wants to keep,
without soiling the produce?
19) The captain of a ship was telling this interesting story: "We traveled the sea far and wide. At
one time, two of my sailors were standing on opposite sides of the ship. One was looking west
and the other one east. And at the same time, they could see each other clearly."
How can that be possible?
20) A ladder hangs over the side of a ship anchored in a port. The bottom rung touches the water. The
distance between rungs is 20 cm and the length of the ladder is 180 cm. The tide is rising at the rate
of 15 cm each hour.
When will the water reach the seventh rung from the top?
21) 13 people came into a hotel with 12 rooms and each guest wanted his own room. The bellboy
solved this problem.
He asked the thirteenth guest to wait a little with the first guest in room number 1. So in the first room
there were two people. The bellboy took the third guest to room number 2, the fourth to number 3, ...,
and the twelfth guest to room number 11. Then he returned to room number 1 and took the thirteenth
guest to room number 12, still vacant.
How can everybody have his own room?
22) Two girls were born to the same mother, on the same day, at the same time, in the
same month and year and yet they're not twins.
How can this be?
23) A girl who was just learning to drive went down a oneway street in the wrong direction, but didn't break the
law.
How come?
“Stick” Phrasal Verbs - Definitions
stick around: to stay around; to stay in a place for awhile
 You can go ahead and go home if you’re tired. I’ll probably stick around for a few more minutes.
stick by / stick with: to stay with someone or give them support in a difficult time; to stay with a story, plan, or
opinion and refuse to change it.




Friends are the people who stick by you even in the worst of times.
Even though the police had evidence that he was guilty, Sean stuck by his story and refused to confess.
The president stuck by (stuck with) his policies, even though most of the population was against them.
Telemarketers are usually told to stick with their scripts because they tend to make more sales that way.
stick out (also: stand out, “stick out like a sore thumb”): If something “sticks out”, it is easily noticeable (because
it is strange, big, or better than the rest, for example)
 At the music festival, a few bands really stuck out and made an impression.
 Stanley always sticks out in a crowd because he is over 7 feet tall.
stick up for: to support or defend someone
 That was so nice of you to stick up for me when the teacher accused me of cheating!
stick together: To support and defend friends/colleagues, to remain loyal (similar to “sticking by” someone)
 Policemen always stick together and never turn each other in*.
*turn (x) in = to report someone to the police for committing a crime
“Stick” Phrasal Verbs - Worksheet
Fill in the blanks with the correct words to complete these “stick” phrasal verbs.
1. When the baseball player was accused of cheating, his coach ______________ him in the press and insisted
that the player was innocent.
2. I know you don’t like teaching English, Brian, but if you _______________ for three more years, you will be
able to pay off all of your student loans!
3. Companies try to design catchy brand logos so their products will ___________ among all the other similar
products.
4. Pat: I think that road is a shortcut. We might be able to save some time.
Penny: We’re not in a hurry. Let’s just _______________ the map.
5. Ethel and Edgar have been married for over 50 years. They have ____________ through good times and bad
times, through thick and thin.
6. Zack: We should go to school! We’re going to be late!
Mike: It’s OK. When the teacher asks why we’re late, we’ll say we got a flat tire.
If we both ______________ the story, we won’t get into trouble.
7. An international team of archaeologists is working to _______________ the words on the recently
discovered stone tablet from Egypt.
8. Bill: John said that his parents are going to give him a new car!
Brian: Don’t listen to him. He’s always ________ things _______. You can’t believe anything he says.
Teamwork
Print this page, than find the words below in the grid.
Words can go horizontally, vertically and diagonally.
When you have finished, some of the unused letters in the grid will form a proverb.
Pick them out from left to right, top line to bottom line.
Y
G
E
T
A
R
T
S
M
A
N
N
E
Y
H
D
A
N
U
I
D
T
A
S
T
M
A
K
R
B
E
D
L
L
I
G
A
T
H
T
M
A
W
E
P
U
O
S
G
C
R
I
K
T
F
A
M
S
D
U
E
E
T
N
M
Z
S
T
G
E
R
C
L
J
L
I
R
G
F
U
T
R
K
C
E
O
A
C
O
O
P
E
R
A
T
E
D
R
R
E
D
A
E
L
J
T
N
S
H
P
S
C
H
E
D
U
L
E
R
S
N
T
N
E
M
E
V
E
I
H
C
A
T
R
D
E
A
D
L
I
N
E
K
R
achievement
aim
cooperate
deadline
delegate
draft
idea
leader
plan
project
result
schedule
strategy
submit
success
trust
Driving & Traffic
2
6
8
10
11
13
14
Across
increase speed
circular turning point
fuel for vehicles
operate a vehicle
go past another vehicle
rapidity
light in front of vehicle
1
3
4
5
7
9
12
Down
money paid as a penalty
transmission device in vehicles
long line of traffic
intersection
slow down
sign indication directions
division of road for traffic
The Great Hanshin Earthquake
The Great Hanshin earthquake, or the Kobe earthquake as it is more commonly known overseas, was an
earthquake in Japan that measured 7.2 on the Japanese Scale. It occurred on January 17, 1995 at 5:46 am 52
seconds in the southern part of Hyogo Prefecture and lasted for approximately 20 seconds. The epicenter of the
earthquake was on the northern end of Awaji Island, near the cosmopolitan city of Kobe with a population of 1.5
million. A total of 6,433 people, mainly in the city of Kobe, lost their lives. Additionally, it caused approximately
ten trillion yen in damage. It is listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the costliest natural disaster. It was the
worst .earthquake in Japan since the Great Kanto earthquake in 1923, which claimed 140,000 lives.
1. It is stated in the passage that the number of deaths in the city of Kobe ----.
a. was greater than that of Hurricane Katrina
b. was not as high as in the Great Kanto earthquake
c. exceeded that of any known earthquake
d. was extremely high for an earthquake of this magnitude
e. was small due to the type of construction
2. According to the passage, the Kobe earthquake is listed in the Guinness Book of Records because --a. it has been the highest magnitude earthquake recorded so far
b. it lasted less than 20 seconds
c. it caused more financial damage than any other natural disaster in the world
d. the city of Kobe suffered the highest number of deaths among affected regions
e. its epicenter was on the northern end of Awaji island
3. We understand from the passage that the Kobe earthquake ----.
a. is internationally known as the Great Hanshin earthquake
b. didn't cause any damage in the neighborhood of Kobe
c. was the first to cause widespread and serious damage to modern buildings
d. is not the deadliest earthquake in the history of Japan
e. had a higher magnitude than the Great Kanto earthquake
“The Troublemaker”
Writing Practice – Finish the Story
Allison had a bad night on Saturday. She went to the Smith’s house to babysit their son, Jake, and
daughter, Lisa. Jake is four years old. He gets into a lot of trouble. He started the night by pouring his
glass of milk all over the floor during dinner.
“Clean that up,” Allison ordered.
“You can’t tell me what to do,” Jake responded. He ran away from the dinner table.
“I’m bored. I want to play a game,” Lisa whined.
“Jake, if you clean up your mess we can play a game,” Allison said.
“Okay,” Jake said. Allison gave him a handful of paper towels and he used them to clean up the
milk. “I want to play hide-and-seek,” he said.
“Okay, I will be the seeker first,” Allison said. “You two have thirty seconds to hide!” Allison covered her eyes
with her hands and counted slowly from one to thirty.
“Ready or not, here I come!” she called. Allison walked downstairs and peeked into the kitchen
closet. Nobody was inside. She checked under the couches in the living room. She looked in the garage.
Allison decided that nobody was hiding downstairs, so she walked upstairs and continued her search. She
opened the door to Lisa’s bedroom and found her hiding under the bed.
“I found you!” she squealed. “Okay, now help me find Jake,” she told Lisa. Allison and Lisasearched all over
the house. They could not find Jake.
“It has been twenty minutes and he is nowhere in sight,” Allison thought. “I wonder where he is.”
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WORK
Clues
Across
2 propose or put forward
3 accomplishment
5 elaborate plan
6 assign a task to another person
9 collaborate or work together
11 planned piece of work
14 display of data or demonstration
15 final result or conclusion
1
4
5
7
8
10
12
13
Down
imposed quantity
rival
written endorsement
timetable
time limit for completing something
programme of action
objective, target
preliminary version of a document
What are some slogans for the environment?
Woods
survive air mean stand saving
sleep
revolution
hoot
A culture is only as healthy as its …………..1
Air is nothing but life, if polluted how can we …………..2
Clean the…………..3, live happily.
Don't be …………..4 Go green
Earth allows you to …………….5 Let it stand the………….. 6 it is.
Easier …………..7 paper than planting trees.
Eat, ………….8. , Recycle
Embrace the green …………..9
Give a………….. 10. Don't pollute
arrest
live
Give a toot. Don't pollute!
Green revolution the best solution to ………….. 11pollution
Think green and ………….. 12 green
“Which Way?”
Writing Practice – Finish the Story
This weekend, I went on my first camping trip. I went with my dad and my older brother, Sam. We left on Friday
morning and drove for four hours until we reached the mountains. I slept for most of the ride, and Sam woke me
up when we reached the park.
“Here we are!” he cheered. I opened my eyes and looked at the forest that surrounded the parking lot. My dad
unloaded our backpacks from the trunk and we set off on the trail. We hiked for about three
miles and I became very hot and tired. We decided to stop and set up camp for the night. Sam found a big flat
spot in a grassy area away from the trail. My dad told Sam and me to catch some fish for dinner from the nearby
pond while he pitched our tent.
Sam had a special fishing pole that folded into a small size so he could carry it in his backpack. He
caught three trout in the pond and I caught two. There were a lot of mosquitoes by the water so we didn’t stay at
the pond for too long. By the time we returned to our campsite, the sun was beginning to set. My ad was relaxing
in the tent, reading a book. We showed him the fish that we caught and he told us that he was very proud of us.
“Can you two gather some wood for the campfire so we can cook the fish?” he asked us.
“Sure!” I answered.
“Don’t forget your flashlights!” my dad warned. We grabbed our flashlights from our backpacks and walked
towards the trail.
“Which way should we go?” I asked Sam. The trail led in two different directions. We were excited so we just
started running down the trail. After a little while, we gathered as much wood as we could hold. It was time to go
back to the camp site. It was getting dark and I didn’t want to get lost in the middle of the woods!
Sam pointed to the west. “We can either go back the way that we came from, or we can go the other way.
What do you think?”
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Interesting Facts About The World
Life on Earth

The Earth is almost Five billion years old but, life has existed only for the last 150 million to 200 million
years. This is estimated to be about 5% of its lifetime.
What’s in a day?

After years and years of revolving and rotating, the planet is slowing down too. Millions of years ago, a day
was only 20 hours long. A few million years later, it will be 27 hours long.
Run for your life! Melting Ice!!

Global warming is likely to impact Maldives heavily, as it is the country with a lowest height above sea level
of 1.8 meters and will go under water.

There are only 27 glaciers left in Montana’s Glacier National Park, versus 150 in 1910.

The ocean’s circulation system, ocean conveyor belt’s alteration could cause a mild ice age in Europe.
Water, water, everywhere!

The Earth’s water is 97% Salt and 3% fresh. Canada claims to have the most of the 3% in the form of lakes
with over 3 million of them and accounting for the world’s 60% of lakes.

The largest oceans on Earth are the Pacific, followed by the Atlantic and the Indian, in that order.

In the fresh water category, the Nile is the longest river followed by the Amazon river.
Behind Bars

The United States leads with the most number of people behind bars, having 25% of the world’s
population of people behind bars. China comes second, followed by Russia in the third spot.
High & Low

The Mount Everest is the highest peak of the world with an imposing height of 8848 meters. The Mariana
Trench is the deepest part of the Earth, which is deeper than Mount Everest is high.
Fascinating Cities
The world is full of magnificent cities created by humans, let us know some interesting facts about the
world related to the these cities:

Istanbul, Turkey is the only city in the world to be located in two continents.

San Francisco and Melbourne are equidistant from the equator and are known for their fast changing mild
climates.

In ancient Japan, Tokyo was called Edo.

The land of Antarctica is not owned by any country.
How’s the Weather?

The hottest continent on Earth is Africa with temperature recorded at 136.4 degrees F, while the coldest,
being Antarctica with temperature recorded at 126.9 degrees F below zero.

Yuma, in Arizona State is the sunniest place with over 4000 hrs of sunshine every year.

The strongest wind was recorded at a speed of 231 mph on Mt Washington, New Hampshire.

9 out of 10 lightning bolts strike the oceans than land.
Flags

Libya has a single coloured flag

Nepal’s is a double triangle and not a square or a rectangle.

The white colour on Chile’s national flag represents the snow of the Andes mountain range.

The Hawaiian flag was designed by King Kamehameha, who borrowed aspects from both the British and
the American flags, gifted to him, to show his neutrality.
Geniuses!

Albert Einstein declined an offer for the presidency of Israel. He had declined saying He had no head for
problems.

Sir Isaac Newton was obsessed with occult and supernatural.

An ambidextrous, paranoid dyslexic, Leonardo Da Vinci could draw forward with one hand while writing
backward with the other, producing a mirror-image script that others found difficult to read—which was
exactly the point.
Size

There are some interesting facts about the world related to the size of Earth, Sun & Jupiter:

It is said that if the size of the sun would have been of a beach ball then Jupiter’s size would be of a golf
ball and Earth’s size would be of a pea.
TOPIC SENTENCES
The topic sentence is the most important sentence of a paragraph. It states the main idea and introduces the
reader to the topic.
1. CHOOSING TOPIC SENTENCES
Choose the best topic sentence for each group of supporting sentences. Write it on the line provided.
Example
___________b_____________. I usually go skiing every weekend in the winter even though it is expensive. I love
the feeling of flying down a mountain. The views are beautiful from the top of a mountain and along the trails.
Even the danger of falling and getting hurt can’t keep me away from the slopes on a winter day.
a. Skiing is expensive.
b. Skiing is my favourite sport.
c. Skiing is dangerous.
1.) _________________________________________________. North Americans send cards for many occasions.
They send cards to family and friends on birthdays and holidays. They also send thank-you cards, get well cards,
graduation cards, and congratulation cards. It is very common to buy cards in stores and send them through
the mail, but turning on the computer and sending cards over the Internet is also popular.
a. Sending cards is very popular in North America.
b. Birthday cards are the most popular kind of card.
c. It is important to send thank-you cards
2.) _____________________________________________ . I enjoy summer sports like water skiing and baseball.
The weather is usually sunny and hot, so I can go to the beach almost every day. Gardening is my hobby and I
spend many summer days working in my garden. Unfortunately, the days pass too quickly in summer.
a. I like to garden in summer.
b. Summer is my favourite season.
c. Summer is to short.
3.) ________________________________________ . First of all, we need money to repair old roads and build
new roads. We also need more to pay teachers’ salaries and to pay for services such as trash collection. Finally,
more tax money is needed to give financial help to the poor citizens of the city. It is clear that the city will have
serious problems if taxes are not raised soon.
a. We should raise city taxes.
b. City taxes are too high.
c. City taxes pay for new roads.
4.) _________________________________________ . For example, a person can have breakfast in New York,
board an airplane, and have dinner in Paris. A businesswoman in London can instantly place an order with a
factory in Hong Kong by sending a fax. Furthermore, a schoolboy in Tokyo can turn on a TV and watch a baseball
game being played in Los Angeles.
a. Airplanes have changed our lives.
b. Advances in technology have made the world seem smaller.
c. The fax machine was an important invention.
5.) ___________________________________________ . One thing you must consider is the quality of the
university’s educational program. You also need to think about the school’s size and location. Finally, you must
be sure to consider the university’s tuition to make sure you can afford to go to school there.
a. It is expensive to attend a university in the United States.
b. There are several factors to consider when you choose a university to attend.
c. You should consider getting a good education.
WRITING A TOPIC SENTENCE
Write a topic sentence for each paragraph. Make sure your topic sentence expresses the main idea of the
paragraph.
Example:
Miami is the perfect place to take a vacation. It is always sunny and warm. The
beaches are gorgeous, with soft white sand and beautiful water. There are many fine
restaurants in the Miami area, and most of the hotels offer terrific entertainment nightly.
It’s no wonder that Miami is my first choice for a vacation destination.
1.) ___________________________________________________ . He has
collected stamps and coins ever since he was a child. He is very proud of his
valuable collections. Paul also enjoys painting and drawing. Recently he has
become interested in gardening. Out of all his hobbies, Paul’s favourite one is
reading. He usually reads at least one book every week. Paul keeps busy with
all of his hobbies.
2.) _________________________________________________ . I can’t wait to
come home from school and eat the delicious meals she has prepared. She is
famous for her desserts like peach pie and chocolate soufflé. She is always
experimenting with new recipes and trying different ingredients. No one in the
world can cook the way my mother does.
3.) _________________________________________________ . It never starts in
cold weather. The horn and the left turn signal don’t work properly. Worst of
all, the radio only gets one station and the CD player is completely broken. I
wish I could get a new car.
4.) __________________________________________________ . First and most
importantly, the work is very interesting. I learn new things every day and I get
to travel a lot. In addition, my boss is very nice. She is always willing to help
me when I have a problem. I have also made many new friends at my job. Last,
but not least, the salary is fantastic.
5.) ____________________________________________________ . To start
things off, my plane was six hours late. When I finally got to my hotel, I was
very disappointed. It was small and dirty. On the third day, my wallet was
stolen, and I lost all my credit cards. It rained very day except one, and on that
day I got a terrible sunburn. All in all, it wasn’t a vacation to remember.
SUPPORTING SENTENCES
The supporting sentences develop the main idea in the topic sentence. They
add details to the topic.
RECOGNIZING SUPPORTING SENTENCES
Read the following paragraphs and underline the supporting sentences.
1.) Use of the internet has grown very quickly. In 1983, there were 562 computers
connected to the Internet. By the turn of the century, there were 72.3 million
computers in 247 countries on-line. Experts say that the Internet is now growing at
a rate of approximately 40 percent a year. As time goes on, the Internet is
becoming more and more popular.
2.) There are many reasons I hate my apartment. The plumbing doesn’t work
properly and the landlord refuses to fix it. I also have noisy neighbours who keep
me up all night. Furthermore, there are so many bugs in my apartment that I could
start an insect collection. I really want to move.
3.) Vegetables and fruits are an important part of a healthy diet. First, fruits and
vegetables are packed with the vitamins and minerals you need to keep your
body functioning smoothly. In addition, they give you the carbohydrates you
need for energy. Fruits and vegetables have lots of fiber to help your digestive
system work properly. Finally, many scientists believe that the nutrients in
fruits and vegetables can help fight diseases. If you eat a diet rich in fruits and
vegetables, you’ll be on the road to better health.
IRRELEVANT SENTENCES
Every supporting sentence in a paragraph must relate to the main idea stated in
the topic sentence. A sentence that does not support the main idea does not
belong in the paragraph, thus such a sentence should be omitted. When a
sentence does not belong in a paragraph, it is called an
irrelevant sentence
Example
The students in the class come from many different party of the world. Some are
from European countries, such s France, Spain, and Italy. Others are from Middle Eastern
countries like Saudi Arabia and Israel. Still other students were born in Asian countries,
including Japan and Korea.
Korean food is delicious
The largest number of students is from
Latin American countries like Mexico, Venezuela and Peru. The class is an interesting mix of
people from many different countries.
RECOGNIZING IRRELEVANT SENTENCES
There is one irrelevant sentence in each paragraph that follows. Find that sentence and cross it out.
1.) There are several ways people can conserve natural resources. One way is to turn
lights off and appliances when they are not in use. Another way is to drive cars less.
My favourite kind of car is convertible. People can also insulate their houses better.
Finally, by reusing things like bottles and plastic bags, people can reduce the amount
of waste. By practicing these simple guidelines, we can save our natural resources.
2.) Cats make wonderful house pets. They are very loving and friendly. Cats are also
clean. They don’t eat much, so they are not expensive. Unfortunately, some people are
allergic to their hair. Cats look beautiful and they’re fun to have in your home.
3.) The capital city of a country is usually a very important city. The government offices
are located in the capital city and political leaders usually live there nearby. There are
many different types of governments in the world. The capital may also be the centre
of culture. There are often museums, libraries, and universities in the capital. Finally,
the capital city can serve as a centre of trade, industry and commerce, so it is often the
financial centre of the country.
4.) The Japanese automobile industry uses robots in many stages of its production process.
In fact, one large Japanese auto factory uses robots in all of its production stages.
Some Japanese universities are developing medical robots to detect certain kinds of
cancer. Another automobile factory in Japan uses them to paint cars as they come off
the assembly line. Furthermore, most Japanese factories use robots to weld the parts of
the finished car together.
5.) The packaging of many products is very wasteful. Often the packaging is twice as big
as the product. Packaging is used to protect things that are breakable. Many food items,
for example, have several layers of extra packaging. Most of these extra layers could
be eliminated.
CONCLUDING SENTENCES
Some paragraphs end with a concluding sentence. This sentence states the
main idea of the paragraph again using different words. It summarizes the
main points of the paragraph, or makes a final comment on the topic.
Concluding sentences are not always necessary. In fact, short paragraphs that
are part of longer pieces of writing often do not have concluding sentences.
WRITING CONCLUDING SENTENCES
Write a concluding sentence for each paragraph.
1.) There are many reasons why I like wearing a uniform to school. First of all, it
saves time. I don’t have to spend time picking out my clothes every morning.
Wearing a uniform also saves money. It’s cheaper to purchase a new uniform than
to go out and buy lots of school clothes. In addition, I don’t have the pressure of
keeping up with the latest styles. Most importantly, wearing a school uniform
gives me a sense that I belong. I really think that it adds to the feeling of school
spirit and community. _____________________________________________ .
2.) There are many reasons why I am against wearing a school uniform. For one thing,
I don’t like they style of the uniform. The navy blazer and plaid skirt are too
conservative for me. Secondly, the uniform isn’t comfortable. I prefer to wear
baggy pants and a sweater instead of a skirt and a jacket. Finally, I want the
freedom to express my individuality through my style of dressing.
____________________________________ .
3.) Credit cards have a lot of advantages. First of all, credit cards are convenient
because you don’t have to carry a lot of cash around. You can buy the products
and services you need even if you do not have cash in your pocket. In addition,
credit cards are very helpful in emergencies. Finally, you can become a better
money manager as you learn to use credit cards responsibly.
______________________________________ .
fall
off
down
hold
against
out
live
up
through
Choose one word from the left, and one word from the right, to complete each
sentence.
1. We planned to go hiking this weekend, but our plans __________________ when my husband
broke his leg.
2. Jake’s classmates still tease him about the time he was caught picking his nose. He’s never going to
__________ that __________.
3. After the busy holiday season, our sales usually __________ __________ a little in
January and February.
4. I know that you’re angry that you got a speeding ticket, but you can’t __________ it __________ the
police officer. He was just doing his job.
5. Even though Lebron James won the MVP award, his team failed to ____________________ to
expectations, getting eliminated in the second round of the playoffs.
6. The robber was sentenced to 10 years in prison for __________ __________ the bank.
7. My father said that he won’t pay for my college unless I can prove to him that I am responsible enough to
__________ __________ a job.
8. Many people in Third World countries __________ __________ less than $1 per day.
9. Every spring, thousands of people go to New Orleans to __________ it __________ at the annual Mardi
Gras party.
10. The boss offered me a pretty good raise, but I think I’m going to ___________________ for even more
money and a better office
make
off
out
up
stick
over
do
for
pull
ahead
around
together
Choose one word from the left, and one word from the right, to complete each
sentence.
1. When the other kids were picking on me, my friends __________ up __________ me.
2. People in poor countries often cannot afford food and have to simply __________ __________ with
whatever food they can find.
3. Good friends __________ __________ even when times are tough.
4. I don’t have my glasses, so I can’t __________ __________ the words on the chalkboard.
5. Teacher: Johnny, could you please __________ __________ after class? I need to have a word with you.
6. Stop yelling! You’ve got to __________ yourself __________! This is no time to panic!
7. Wow, I didn’t think I would be able to pass that test. I can’t believe I __________ it __________!
8. Bill and Melissa had a big argument last night. They still haven’t ________ ________, so they’re not
talking to each other right now.
9. When you go to Taipei, you will notice that Taipei 101 really __________ __________ because it is much
taller than all the other buildings.
10. John Smith was behind in most of the polls before the election, but in the last few days he managed to
__________ __________ of his opponent and win the election.
11. The young couple was caught __________ __________ last night in the park. A police officer noticed
them and told them to go home.
12. The thief __________ ____________ with my diamond ring, but not before I wrote down his license plate
number.
Learning is fun!