The Study of Organizations and Organizing Since 1945

2- Classical Organizational Theory
Article- James G. March, “The Study of Organizations
and Organizing Since 1945”, 2007
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This piece compares and explains the studies done in the
field of management in the historical perspective since 1945
to nowadays.
The author emphesizes that the field of management is
hetergenous and definitely developed by the influence of the
commitment of people from different diciplines.
The Organizational Theory was mainly influenced by the three
important events of the 20th century:
1. Second World War
2. Social and Political movements between 1960s and 1970s
(Europe and USA)
3. The fall of the İron Curtain (USSSR) and the increase of the
markets.
Organizational approach is not limited with 20 th century:
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Western Roots (Aristotle)
Renaissance and Reform movements in Europe (developments in
political science and search for ideal stateand management)
The period prior to 1930s: Social engeneering approach: The rise of
the Hitler’s Germany.
First European scholars worked on management and administratiom:
Emile Durkheim
Alfred Marshall
Rober Michels
Gaetano Mosca
Alfredo Pareto
Adam Smith
Max Weber
Henri Fayol
Lyndall Urwick
USA based scholars:
Luther Gulick
Mary Parker Follet
Elton Mayo
Frederick Taylor
John Dewey
Second World War and Changes:
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The US had become an attractiveand safe placefor academic studies
because of the eceonmic properity nd developments of the country.
The research was improved and done by the scholars (Jews) who ran
from Germany and Austria.
İncrease in academic publications
Peter Blau
Fritz Machlup Anatol
Rappopart
Fritz Heider
Jakop
Marschok
Joseph
Schumpeter
Alfred Schütz
Oskar
Morgenstern
Friedrich A.
Von Hayek
Ludwig von
Mises
John von
Neumann
1965, Rand McNally, Handbook of Organizations
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One of the first studies in the field, sets the common principles of
management on various organizations via different
Aftermtah of the War studies focus on this type of reseach
II. Wave / Protest Movements in 1960s and 1970s
- Aftermath of World War Two European scholars draws different way
comapşng to their American collegues. Many new scholars star new
studies şn the field. The economic recovery after the World War Two
plays a huge role.
- There are different developments in different countries in the field
of administration and management
- The influence of Protest and ve counter-culture movements
The pessimist attitude against the social reshape policies of 1950s
- The increase of the number of the Quantitative studies.
The Fall of the USSR
- The dall of the USSR in 1991 and bipolar World becomes one polar.
There is demand for the thoughts and ideas of Avustrian School
among students and academicians.
- The transformation from Public management organization to
Business oriented administration approach.
- The prominence of concnepts such as: Leadership, unionization and
entrepreneurship
Günümüz ? İşletme Odaklı Örgüt Kuramı Yaklaşımı
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Genel yönetim bilimleri yaklaşımından ziyade işletme okulu odaklı
örgüt / yönetim yaklaşımının gelişimi.
Ekonomi, psikoloji, siyaset bilimi gibi sosyal bilimlerle etkileşim.
Özel sektör üzerine yapılan çalışmalara odaklanma. Kamu sektörüne
yönelik yapılan çalışmalardan uzaklaşma
Firma üzerine odaklanma. Örgüt kavramına yoğunlaşmaktan ziyade
örgüt performansı gibi çalışmalara yoğunlaşma.
Toplumsal stratejiler yerine örgüt stratejisi üzerine yoğunlaşma.
Yönetim / örgüt kuramlarının geleceği ?
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1960 ve 70’ler yaşanan olaylar nedeniyle disiplin davranış bilimleri
ve pozitif bilimlerinin katkısıyla gelişme seyri izleyecektir.
Küresel ekonomik, politik ve kültürel bağların artması örgüt
çalışmalarını etkilemektedir. Bilgi teknolojilerinin gelişimi vb.
ABD ve Avrupa’nın ekonomik, politik ve kültürel merkezler olarak
rollerinin azalmaya başlaması (Doğu Asya ekonomilerinin yükselişi)
Refahın dağılımında yaşanan değişim.